Energy-saving speed reducer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of speed reducers, and discloses an energy-saving speed reducer which is mainly composed of a detachable machine shell and a three-stage meshing transmission system. The invention is characterized in that a hydraulic drive locking and unlocking system is arranged between the power input shaft and the first-stage transmission assembly and comprises a connecting sleeve sleeved on the input shaft, a lock tongue mechanism distributed in the circumferential direction, a guide frame in sliding fit with a lock tongue, and a double-layer bearing part; the bearing part is pushed to move through the hydraulic cylinder, so that the spring bolt stretches out and draws back along the inclined rail, and two-way control of transmission meshing / separation is achieved. The key technology is that a double-layer bearing structure ensures that a spring bolt keeps coaxial rotation before being separated, and safe power switching is achieved; during maintenance, the spring bolt contracts to keep the motor running; during locking, meshing transmission is quickly recovered; the design breaks through the limitation that a traditional speed reducer needs to be shut down for overhaul, and the speed reducer has transmission continuity, maintenance convenience and operation stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of speed reducers, and more particularly to an energy-saving speed reducer. Background Art

[0002] A reducer is a precision mechanical device that achieves speed conversion and torque amplification through gear transmission. It plays the core function of power transmission in various industrial transmission systems. The quality of its performance directly affects the efficiency, reliability and service life of the entire transmission system.

[0003] In reducer design, the meshing performance of high-speed gears is crucial. Due to their high rotational speed and high forces, they are susceptible to gear shaft deformation, leading to poor tooth contact and stress concentration, thereby reducing load-bearing capacity and shortening service life. To optimize the meshing performance of high-speed gears, various improvements have been attempted in the prior art. For example, Chinese patent documents (such as publication number CN118959523A) propose an improved structure: the reducer includes a first high-speed shaft, a low-speed shaft, and a gear set assembled thereon. The low-speed shaft is coaxially provided with a low-speed left-handed gear and a low-speed right-handed gear, which are spaced apart along the axial direction to form an accommodation gap. The first high-speed gear on the first high-speed shaft extends into the accommodation gap and meshes with the low-speed gear using first left-handed tooth segments and first right-handed tooth segments closely arranged along the thickness direction of the gear. This structure effectively reduces gear shaft deformation by shortening the span of the high-speed gear, improves the tooth contact state of the high-speed gear, and thus improves the overall service life of the reducer.

[0004] However, this structure still has the following technical defects: Existing reducer structures (such as CN118959523A) have a maintenance dependency problem: when a fault occurs inside the reducer, the powertrain at its input end must be stopped for maintenance. If the powertrain drives multiple sets of downstream equipment at the same time, all related equipment will be forced to shut down, causing the non-faulty equipment to stop production, seriously affecting the overall operating efficiency and continuity of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides an energy-saving reducer to solve the problem in the above-mentioned background technology of how to achieve rapid decoupling and online maintenance of the reducer while the powertrain is in continuous operation, thereby avoiding the problem of joint production stoppage of a multi-device linkage system.

[0006] The present invention provides the following technical solution: an energy-saving reducer, comprising a housing, the housing comprising a detachably assembled upper cover and a bottom housing, the bottom housing sequentially housing a transmission system comprising a primary transmission assembly, a secondary transmission assembly, and a tertiary transmission assembly that mesh with each other, a power input shaft being disposed on a side of the housing proximate to a power source, a locking and releasing system being disposed between the power input shaft and the primary transmission assembly; the locking and releasing system comprising: a connecting sleeve axially slidably disposed on a surface of the power input shaft and capable of sleevedly engaging an end portion of the primary transmission assembly, a locking tongue mechanism circumferentially arranged around the connecting sleeve, a guide frame slidably engaged with each locking tongue mechanism, and a bearing portion supporting the guide frame; The locking tongue mechanism includes a base, which is fixedly mounted in a preset notch at the end of the connecting sleeve. A sliding sleeve is provided in the base, which is capable of being perpendicular to the connecting sleeve and telescopically movable inward and outward. A sliding member is hingedly connected to the top of the telescopic locking tongue, which is in sliding engagement with the inclined rail of the guide frame. The first-stage transmission assembly includes an input gear shaft; a lock groove corresponding to a retractable lock tongue is circumferentially opened on the end surface of the input gear shaft close to the power input shaft, and the end surface of the input gear shaft is rigidly connected to a limit ring adjacent to the lock groove, and the limit ring is used to block the end of the connecting sleeve to limit it, so that the connecting sleeve is stably mounted on the docking end surface of the power input shaft and the first-stage transmission assembly, so that the landing position of the retractable lock tongue is coplanar with the lock groove.

[0007] Furthermore, the extended end of the power input shaft is connected to the output end of the power assembly or its branch transmission shaft through a coupling; the end of the power input shaft extending into the casing is connected to a detachable axial sliding card sleeve.

[0008] Furthermore, the retractable lock tongue is composed of a tongue body and a tongue rod. The tongue body matches the inner cavity of the base, and the tongue rod movably passes through the base and is hinged to the sliding member; the tongue body fits in the lock slot.

[0009] Furthermore, the bearing part adopts an inner and outer double-layer rotatable structure, in which the inner ring body of the inner layer and the outer ring body of the outer layer are rotatably connected through a bearing; the inner ring body is axially slidably engaged with the limiting wing of the connecting sleeve, and the outer ring body is assembled and connected with the axial drive device.

[0010] Furthermore, the sliding member includes a sliding sleeve sleeved on the surface of the guide frame, the bottom end of which is hinged to the tongue rod; the inner wall of the sliding sleeve is symmetrically mounted with a guide wheel portion that can slide along the inclined rail.

[0011] Furthermore, the guide wheel portion is composed of a wheel body, a wear-resistant layer, an oil-absorbing layer and a rotating shaft tube, wherein the wheel body is rotatably installed on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve through the rotating shaft tube, a cavity is provided in the wheel body, the cavity is connected to the through hole of the side wall of the rotating shaft tube, and a wear-resistant layer and an oil-absorbing layer are installed on the periphery of the wheel body, wherein the oil-absorbing layer can absorb lubricating oil through the cavity hole and its thickness is greater than that of the wear-resistant layer; the end of the rotating shaft tube is fixedly connected to the connecting pipe.

[0012] Furthermore, the distal end of the inner cavity of the base is equipped with a spray part, which consists of a fixed tube, a telescopic piston, a one-way valve and a hose; the fixed tube is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the base, and the telescopic piston is telescopically sleeved therein, with one end connected to the tongue body and the other end sealingly sliding to form a variable liquid cavity; an oil channel connecting to the liquid cavity is opened on the distal inner wall of the fixed tube, extending to the one-way valve interface; the one-way valve for discharge is connected to the connecting tube through a hose.

[0013] Furthermore, a supply part is assembled inside the inner ring body, and the supply part includes a storage box and a telescopic tube, wherein the storage box is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner ring body, one end of the telescopic tube is fixedly connected to the storage box, and the other end is fixedly connected to a one-way valve for liquid inlet.

[0014] Furthermore, a counterweight head connected to the telescopic tube is provided in the storage box, the storage box is detachably provided with a box cover, and the upper cover of the casing is provided with a corresponding window.

[0015] Furthermore, an axial driving device is installed inside the housing to drive the bearing part to move axially along the surface of the connecting sleeve.

[0016] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: The present invention drives the connecting part to move axially through a hydraulic cylinder, and the linkage bearing part drives the guide frame to move, so that the sliding part slides along the inclined rail to realize the telescopic control of the retractable lock tongue; the double-layer structural design of the bearing part ensures that the coaxial rotation of the power input shaft and the primary transmission assembly is maintained before the tongue body disengages from the lock slot, thereby realizing the safe cutting off and recovery of power transmission; when unlocking, the retractable lock tongue retracts and cuts off the engagement, allowing maintenance under continuous operation of the motor; when locking, the retractable lock tongue extends to re-engage the tongue body and the lock slot, quickly restoring power transmission; this design combines two-way switching reliability, maintenance convenience and transmission continuity, significantly improving the maintenance efficiency and operation stability of the reducer.

[0017] The present invention realizes two-way lubrication control through the linkage of the tongue body and the telescopic piston; when unlocking, the telescopic piston retracts to increase the pressure of the fixed tube liquid cavity, and the lubricating oil is transported to the wheel body cavity through the one-way valve-hose-connecting pipe path, and the oil-absorbing layer squeezes and lubricates the inclined rail contact surface; when locking, the telescopic piston extends outward to form negative pressure, and the lubricating oil is automatically replenished to the liquid cavity through the counterweight head-telescopic tube-one-way valve; this design realizes a self-lubricating cycle in the unlocking / locking dual mode, effectively reducing the wear of the wheel body and the inclined rail, and at the same time ensures the precise supply and recovery of lubricant through hydraulic linkage, which significantly improves the durability and operational stability of the transmission system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure and the housing of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a top view of the bottom shell and its internal assembly structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the bottom shell, the first-stage transmission assembly, the power input shaft and the locking and releasing system of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the primary transmission assembly, power input shaft, locking and releasing system and axial drive device of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the lock and release system of the present invention in unlock mode.

[0024] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the primary transmission assembly and the shaft seal of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structural analysis of the lock-and-release system of the present invention and the connecting sleeve and lock tongue mechanism therein.

[0026] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Schematic diagram of further analysis of the lock-and-release system.

[0027] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0028] Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the local structure of the injection part.

[0029] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the guide frame and the sliding member of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 13 It is a schematic diagram of the sliding part structure of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the structure of the locking and releasing system of the present invention in locking mode.

[0032] Figure 15 For the present invention Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the structure at point B.

[0033] Figure 16 It is a side view of the lock and release system of the present invention.

[0034] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows: 1. housing; 2. primary transmission assembly; 21. input gear shaft; 22. primary driving gear; 23. lock groove; 24. limit ring; 3. secondary transmission assembly; 31. intermediate gear shaft; 32. primary driven gear; 33. secondary driving gear; 4. tertiary transmission assembly; 41. output gear shaft; 42. secondary driven gear; 5. shaft seal; 6. power input shaft; 7. connecting sleeve; 8. lock tongue mechanism; 81. base; 82. retractable lock tongue; 821. tongue body; 822. tongue rod; 83. sliding member; 831. sliding Movable sleeve; 832, guide wheel part; 8321, wheel body; 8322, wear-resistant layer; 8323, oil-absorbing layer; 8324, rotating shaft tube; 833, connecting tube; 84, injection part; 841, fixed tube; 842, telescopic piston; 843, one-way valve; 844, hose; 85, supply part; 851, storage box; 852, telescopic tube; 853, counterweight head; 854, box cover; 9, guide frame; 10, bearing part; 101, inner ring body; 102, outer ring body; 11, axial drive device; 111, connecting piece; 112, hydraulic cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the present invention. In addition, the forms of the various structures described in the following embodiments are merely examples. The energy-saving reducer involved in the present invention is not limited to the various structures described in the following embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 4The present invention provides an energy-saving reducer, including a casing 1, which is composed of a detachable upper cover and a bottom casing, and a transmission system consisting of a first-stage transmission assembly 2, a second-stage transmission assembly 3 and a third-stage transmission assembly 4 that are meshed with each other is sequentially assembled inside the bottom casing; a power input shaft 6 is provided on the side of the casing 1 close to the power source, and a locking and releasing system is provided between the power input shaft 6 and the first-stage transmission assembly 2; the locking and releasing system includes: a connecting sleeve 7 that is axially slidably provided on the surface of the power input shaft 6 and can be sleeved on the end of the first-stage transmission assembly 2, a locking tongue mechanism 8 that is circumferentially arranged around the connecting sleeve 7, a guide frame 9 that forms a sliding fit with each locking tongue mechanism 8, and a bearing portion 10 that supports the guide frame 9; in addition, an axial driving device 11 that can drive the bearing portion 10 to move axially along the surface of the connecting sleeve 7 is also installed inside the casing 1.

[0037] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the primary transmission assembly 2, the secondary transmission assembly 3, the tertiary transmission assembly 4 and the power input shaft 6 are all mounted inside the bottom shell of the casing 1 through the shaft seal 5 as a rotation support member, so that the various components can be rotatably assembled within the casing; The primary transmission assembly 2 consists of a rigidly coaxially connected input gear shaft 21 and a primary driving gear 22, wherein the end of the input gear shaft 21 away from the power input shaft 6 is rotatably mounted on the side wall of the bottom housing via a shaft seal 5. The secondary transmission assembly 3 includes an intermediate gear shaft 31 and a primary driven gear 32 and a secondary driving gear 33, both of which are rigidly coaxially connected on their surfaces. Both ends of the intermediate gear shaft 31 are rotatably mounted on the side wall of the bottom housing via a shaft seal 5. The tertiary transmission assembly 4 consists of a rigidly coaxially connected output gear shaft 41 and a secondary driven gear 42. Both ends of the output gear shaft 41 are also rotatably mounted on the side wall of the bottom housing via a shaft seal 5. The primary driving gear 22 forms a primary meshing with the primary driven gear 32, and the secondary driving gear 33 forms a secondary meshing with the secondary driven gear 42; through this multi-stage series transmission design, the total reduction ratio of the system is expressed as the product relationship of the number of driven gear teeth / the number of driving gear teeth of each stage reduction ratio, thereby effectively achieving the transmission effect of speed reduction and torque multiplication, fully meeting the working conditions of mechanical equipment for low-speed and high-torque output; it should be noted that the transmission system composed of the first-stage transmission assembly 2, the second-stage transmission assembly 3 and the third-stage transmission assembly 4 adopts an existing mature design, and this application will not go into details about its specific structure.

[0038] Reference Figure 5 - Figure 10 、 Figure 14 - Figure 16The extended end of the power input shaft 6 is connected to the output end of the power assembly or its branch transmission shaft through a coupling; the end of the power input shaft 6 extending into the casing 1 is detachably connected to the axially sliding connecting sleeve 7; this design allows that when the reducer locking and releasing system fails and needs to be repaired or replaced, it is only necessary to first disconnect the power input shaft 6 from the power assembly and then axially pull the connecting sleeve 7 away from the end of the power input shaft 6 to quickly complete the disassembly of the entire locking and releasing system; A circumferentially arranged locking tongue mechanism 8 is provided at one end of the connecting sleeve 7 close to the primary transmission assembly 2. The locking tongue mechanism 8 includes a base 81, which is fixedly mounted in a preset notch at the end of the connecting sleeve 7. A retractable locking tongue 82 is slidably sleeved in the base 81 and can be moved vertically and telescopically inward and outward relative to the connecting sleeve 7. A sliding member 83 is hinged on the top end of the retractable locking tongue 82. The sliding member 83 slides in cooperation with the inclined rail of the guide frame 9, and the other end of the guide frame 9 is rigidly connected to the same bearing portion 10. In this embodiment, it should be particularly noted that a lock groove 23 corresponding to the retractable lock tongue 82 is circumferentially opened on the surface of one end of the input gear shaft 21 close to the power input shaft 6, and a limit ring 24 adjacent to the lock groove 23 is rigidly connected to the end surface of the input gear shaft 21. The limit ring 24 is used to block the end of the connecting sleeve 7 to limit it, so that the connecting sleeve 7 is stably sleeved on the docking end surface of the power input shaft 6 and the first-stage transmission assembly 2, so that the landing point of the retractable lock tongue 82 is coplanar with the lock groove 23, completing the pre-docking (see Figure 6 、 Figure 7 ); To optimize the space occupied by the retractable lock tongue 82, an integrated design is adopted: the retractable lock tongue 82 is composed of a tongue body 821 and a tongue rod 822. The tongue body 821 matches the inner cavity of the base 81, and the tongue rod 822 movably penetrates the base 81 and is hinged to the sliding member 83; the tongue body 821 fits in the lock groove 23; In order to optimize the motion burden of the locking and releasing system when it rotates with the power input shaft 6, the connection structure of the bearing part 10 and the connecting sleeve 7 is improved: the bearing part 10 adopts an inner and outer double-layer rotatable structure, in which the inner ring body 101 of the inner layer and the outer ring body 102 of the outer layer are rotatably connected through a bearing; the inner ring body 101 is axially slidably engaged with the limiting convex wing of the connecting sleeve 7, and the outer ring body 102 is assembled and connected with the axial drive device 11; when the tongue body 821 has not completely withdrawn from the lock groove 23, the power input shaft 6, the connecting sleeve 7, the lock tongue mechanism 8, the guide frame 9, the inner ring body 101 and the first-level transmission assembly 2 maintain a rigid connection and rotate coaxially, and at the same time, the position of the bearing part 10 on the surface of the connecting sleeve 7 can be adjusted by the axial drive device 11, thereby changing the push-pull state of the guide frame 9 on the retractable lock tongue 82, and the locking and releasing state of the tongue body 821 and the lock groove 23 can be switched; The axial drive device 11 consists of a connecting part 111 and a hydraulic cylinder 112. A sealing cover is provided on the surface of the hydraulic cylinder 112 and its telescopic shaft is fixedly connected to the connecting part 111. The other end of the connecting part 111 is fixedly installed on the outer ring body 102; this structure can also be replaced by other functional mechanisms that can realize the axial sliding of the push-pull bearing part 10 along the surface of the connecting sleeve 7.

[0039] Reference Figure 8 - Figure 13 In order to reduce the friction loss between the guide frame 9 and the sliding member 83, the structure of the sliding member 83 is improved: the sliding member 83 includes a sliding sleeve 831 sleeved on the surface of the guide frame 9, and its bottom end is hinged to the tongue rod 822; the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 831 is symmetrically installed with a guide wheel portion 832 that can slide along the inclined rail. The friction resistance is effectively reduced through the coordinated transmission between the guide wheel portion 832 and the inclined rail of the guide frame 9.

[0040] In this embodiment, it should be noted that since the oil level in the reducer is determined by the primary driven gear 32, it usually does not exceed the meshing teeth in the bottom 1 / 8 area of ​​the primary driven gear 32; therefore, the guide frame 9 cannot reach the lubricating oil; in order to further reduce the wear between the guide frame 9 and the guide wheel portion 832, the structure of the guide wheel portion 832 and the lock tongue mechanism 8 is further improved; the guide wheel portion 832 is composed of a wheel body 8321, a wear-resistant layer 8322, an oil-absorbing layer 8323 and a rotating shaft tube 8324. The wheel body 8321 is rotatably mounted on the inner side wall of the sliding sleeve 831 via a rotating shaft tube 8324. A cavity is provided in the wheel body 8321, which is connected to a through hole in the side wall of the rotating shaft tube 8324. A wear-resistant layer 8322 and an oil-absorbing layer 8323 are installed on the periphery of the wheel body 8321. The oil-absorbing layer 8323 can absorb lubricating oil through the cavity holes and is thicker than the wear-resistant layer 8322. The end of the rotating shaft tube 8324 is fixedly connected to the connecting tube 833, forming an integrated solution for lubrication and transmission. To improve the automatic oil supply system, a spray unit 84 is assembled at the distal end of the inner cavity of the base 81. This unit consists of a fixed tube 841, a telescopic piston 842, a one-way valve 843, and a hose 844. The fixed tube 841 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the base 81, and the telescopic piston 842 is telescopically sleeved therein, with one end connected to the tongue 821 and the other end sealing and sliding to form a variable liquid chamber. An oil channel is defined on the inner wall of the distal end of the fixed tube 841, connecting to the liquid chamber and extending to the interface of the one-way valve 843. The one-way valve 843 for drainage is connected to the connecting tube 833 via a hose 844, realizing the automatic delivery and distribution of lubricating oil. In order to realize automatic oil replenishment of the liquid cavity; a supply part 85 is further assembled on the inner side of the inner ring body 101, and the supply part 85 includes a storage box 851 and a telescopic tube 852, wherein the storage box 851 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner ring body 101, one end of the telescopic tube 852 is fixedly connected to the storage box 851, and the other end is fixedly connected to the one-way valve 843 for liquid inlet, and the telescopic tube 852 is adaptively extended and retracted to meet the distance change between the storage box 851 and the base 81; because the supply part 85 will rotate circumferentially with the inner ring body 101, a counterweight head 853 connected to the telescopic tube 852 is further provided in the storage box 851, so that it can obtain the oil at the bottom of the storage box 851 in time; the storage box 851 is detachably provided with a box cover 854, so that when the oil in the storage box 851 is insufficient, the operator can remove the cover to replenish the oil; the upper cover of the casing 1 is provided with a corresponding window.

[0041] Working principle of the present invention: In order to realize automatic fault identification of the reducer, speed sensors can also be installed on the primary transmission assembly 2, the secondary transmission assembly 3 and the tertiary transmission assembly 4; when the speed sensor detects that the real-time speed ratio between the primary transmission assembly 2, the secondary transmission assembly 3 and the tertiary transmission assembly 4 in the transmission system exceeds the preset standard value range, it automatically determines that there is a mechanical fault in the transmission system (including but not limited to gear wear or broken teeth, etc.). At this time, the speed sensor will generate a fault judgment signal and transmit it to the control system. The control system will then generate a drive instruction for the axial drive device 11, triggering the axial drive device 11 to perform precise control of the locking and releasing system; at the same time, the system retains a manual intervention channel. When the operator detects fault characteristics such as abnormal jerking, abnormal shaking or abnormal noise in the transmission system through sensory perception, the same control instruction process can be manually triggered directly through the operation panel to switch the locking and releasing system from locking mode to unlocking mode; When the transmission system is abnormal, the locking and releasing system is converted to the unlocking mode according to the following mechanical linkage sequence: first, the telescopic shaft of the hydraulic cylinder 112 drives the connecting member 111 to extend axially, pushing the bearing part 10 to produce axial displacement along the limiting convex wing of the connecting sleeve 7; at this time, the bearing part 10 drives the guide frame 9 distributed circumferentially inside it to move outward synchronously, forcing each sliding member 83 to slide relatively along the inclined rail of the corresponding guide frame 9, thereby lifting the retractable lock tongue 82 and making it retract axially toward the base 81; the key design is that the bearing part 10 adopts a rotatable inner and outer double-layer structure. When the tongue 8 When the tongue 821 has not completely exited the lock groove 23 at the end of the input gear shaft 21, the power input shaft 6, the connecting sleeve 7, the lock tongue mechanism 8, the guide frame 9, the inner ring body 101 and the primary transmission assembly 2 maintain a rigid connection to achieve coaxial rotation; as the tongue body 821 gradually disengages from the constraint of the lock groove 23, the engagement state of the tongue body 821 and the primary transmission assembly 2 is finally released, and the power transmission path from the power input shaft 6 to the primary transmission assembly 2 is cut off. This design allows the safe maintenance and component replacement of the internal transmission system of the reducer to be achieved while keeping the motor running continuously. Figure 14 - Figure 16 Towards Figure 5 - Figure 11 In the further unlocking stage, during the key movement, the tongue 821 and the telescopic piston 842 move outward in conjunction, causing the telescopic piston 842 to retract along the inner wall of the fixed tube 841, resulting in a decrease in the volume of the liquid cavity of the fixed tube 841 and forming a high pressure. The lubricating oil in the cavity is then discharged through the oil channel on the side wall of the fixed tube 841, and is led out by the one-way valve 843 for drainage, and is then delivered to the sliding member 83 through the hose 844 (by Figure 15 Towards Figure 11 Further, the lubricating oil is connected by the connecting pipe 833 and flows into the cavity of the wheel body 8321 through the through hole in the side wall of the rotating shaft tube 8324; the oil-absorbing layer 8323 can absorb the lubricating oil in the cavity through the holes in the side wall of the cavity, and when the guide wheel portion 832 moves along the inclined rail of the guide frame 9, the oil-absorbing layer 8323 continuously squeezes out oil to wet the contact part between the wheel body 8321 and the inclined rail, thereby reducing its wear and transmission resistance; (see Figure 12 - Figure 13 ); After the transmission system fault point is repaired or the component is replaced, the locking system can be reversely switched to the locking mode: the hydraulic cylinder 112 retracts the shaft to drive the connecting member 111 to contract axially, driving the bearing part 10 and its circumferentially distributed guide frame 9 to move inward synchronously, prompting each sliding member 83 to slide relative to each other along the corresponding guide frame 9 inclined rail, pushing the retractable lock tongue 82 to disengage from the base 81 and extend toward the axis; when the power input shaft 6, connecting sleeve 7, lock tongue mechanism 8, guide frame 9, and inner ring body 101 rotate until the tongue body 821 engages with the lock groove 23, the power transmission from the power input shaft 6 to the primary transmission assembly 2 is realized (corresponding to Figure 5 - Figure 11 Towards Figure 14 - Figure 16 State transition); further, the telescopic piston 842 extends outward along the inner wall of the fixed tube 841 to expand the volume of the liquid chamber to generate a negative pressure effect, so that the lubricating oil in the storage box 851 can be automatically replenished to the liquid chamber through the counterweight head 853, the telescopic tube 852 and the one-way valve 843 for liquid inlet, thereby establishing a reserve for the subsequent lubrication of the sliding member 83 (corresponding to Figure 11 Towards Figure 15 State transition), and finally restore the reducer to normal operating state.

[0042] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent substitutions or modifications within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention; according to the technical plan and its improved conception of the present invention, these should be included under the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy-saving reducer, comprising a housing (1), wherein the housing (1) is composed of a detachably assembled upper cover and a bottom housing, wherein a transmission system consisting of a first-stage transmission assembly (2), a second-stage transmission assembly (3) and a third-stage transmission assembly (4) that are engaged with each other is sequentially assembled inside the bottom housing, characterized in that: A power input shaft (6) is provided on one side of the housing (1) close to the power source, and a locking system is provided between the power input shaft (6) and the first-stage transmission assembly (2); the locking system comprises: a connecting sleeve (7) axially slidingly provided on the surface of the power input shaft (6) and capable of being sleeved on the end of the first-stage transmission assembly (2), a locking tongue mechanism (8) circumferentially arranged around the connecting sleeve (7), a guide frame (9) forming a sliding fit with each locking tongue mechanism (8), and a bearing portion (10) bearing the guide frame (9); The locking tongue mechanism (8) includes a base (81), the base (81) is fixedly mounted in a preset notch at the end of the connecting sleeve (7), a sliding sleeve in the base (81) is provided with a retractable locking tongue (82) which is perpendicular to the connecting sleeve (7) and can be telescopically moved inward and outward, a sliding member (83) is hinged at the top end of the retractable locking tongue (82), and the sliding member (83) is in sliding engagement with the inclined rail of the guide frame (9); The first-stage transmission assembly (2) includes an input gear shaft (21); a lock groove (23) corresponding to the retractable lock tongue (82) is circumferentially opened on the surface of one end of the input gear shaft (21) close to the power input shaft (6), and a limit ring (24) adjacent to the lock groove (23) is rigidly connected to the end surface of the input gear shaft (21), and the limit ring (24) is used to block the end of the connecting sleeve (7) to limit it, so that the connecting sleeve (7) is stably sleeved on the butt end surface of the power input shaft (6) and the first-stage transmission assembly (2), so that the landing position of the retractable lock tongue (82) is coplanar with the lock groove (23).

2. The energy-saving reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extended end of the power input shaft (6) is connected to the output end of the power assembly or its branch transmission shaft through a coupling; one end of the power input shaft (6) extending into the housing (1) is connected to a detachable axial sliding card sleeve (7).

3. The energy-saving reducer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The retractable lock tongue (82) is composed of a tongue body (821) and a tongue rod (822). The tongue body (821) matches the inner cavity of the base (81), and the tongue rod (822) is movable through the base (81) and hinged to the sliding member (83); the tongue body (821) is matched with the lock groove (23).

4. The energy-saving reducer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bearing portion (10) adopts an inner and outer double-layer rotatable structure, wherein the inner ring body (101) of the inner layer and the outer ring body (102) of the outer layer are rotatably connected via a bearing; the inner ring body (101) is axially slidably engaged with the limiting convex wing of the connecting sleeve (7), and the outer ring body (102) is assembled and connected with the axial driving device (11).

5. The energy-saving reducer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sliding member (83) comprises a sliding sleeve (831) sleeved on the surface of the guide frame (9), the bottom end of which is hinged to the tongue rod (822); a guide wheel portion (832) that can slide along the inclined rail is symmetrically mounted on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve (831).

6. The energy-saving reducer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The guide wheel portion (832) is composed of a wheel body (8321), a wear-resistant layer (8322), an oil-absorbing layer (8323) and a rotating shaft tube (8324), wherein the wheel body (8321) is rotatably mounted on the inner side wall of the sliding sleeve (831) via the rotating shaft tube (8324), a cavity is provided in the wheel body (8321), and the cavity is communicated with a through hole in the side wall of the rotating shaft tube (8324), and a wear-resistant layer (8322) and an oil-absorbing layer (8323) are installed on the periphery of the wheel body (8321), wherein the oil-absorbing layer (8323) can absorb lubricating oil through the cavity hole and has a thickness greater than that of the wear-resistant layer (8322); and the end of the rotating shaft tube (8324) is fixedly connected to the connecting pipe (833).

7. The energy-saving reducer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The distal end of the inner cavity of the base (81) is equipped with a spraying portion (84), which is composed of a fixed tube (841), a telescopic piston (842), a one-way valve (843) and a hose (844); the fixed tube (841) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the base (81), and the telescopic piston (842) is telescopically sleeved therein, with one end connected to the tongue (821) and the other end sealingly sliding to form a variable liquid cavity; an oil channel connected to the liquid cavity is provided on the distal inner wall of the fixed tube (841), extending to the interface of the one-way valve (843); the one-way valve (843) for discharge is connected to the connecting tube (833) through the hose (844).

8. The energy-saving reducer according to claim 7, characterized in that: A supply portion (85) is mounted on the inner side of the inner ring body (101), and the supply portion (85) comprises a storage box (851) and a telescopic tube (852), wherein the storage box (851) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the inner ring body (101), and one end of the telescopic tube (852) is fixedly connected to the storage box (851), and the other end is fixedly connected to a one-way valve (843) for liquid inlet.

9. The energy-saving reducer according to claim 8, characterized in that: A counterweight head (853) in communication with the telescopic tube (852) is provided in the storage box (851). The storage box (851) is detachably provided with a box cover (854), and the upper cover of the housing (1) is provided with a corresponding window.

10. The energy-saving reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In addition, an axial driving device (11) is installed inside the housing (1) and can drive the bearing part (10) to move axially along the surface of the connecting sleeve (7).

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