Snow melting runoff quantitative analysis method based on distributed hydrological model

Abstract

The invention relates to a snow melting runoff quantitative analysis method based on a distributed hydrological model. The method comprises the following steps: based on a preset distributed hydrological model, a preset hydrological cycle process and target snow melting motion paths respectively corresponding to each hydrological structure of a sub-basin, determining the snow melting water amount of each hydrological structure of each target snow melting motion path at the current moment; based on the snow melting water amount, the snow melting migration amount of each target snow melting movement path in the current time step length is determined, and the snow melting migration amount at least comprises snow melting runoff runoff yield; and based on the snow-melting runoff yield corresponding to each target snow-melting movement path, determining the total amount of snow-melting runoff of each hydrological structure at the current time step length. By adopting the method, the precision of analyzing the snow melting runoff can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of hydrological simulation, and in particular to a method for quantitative analysis of snowmelt runoff based on a distributed hydrological model. Background Art

[0002] Snowmelt is an important source of runoff in the upper reaches of rivers. Under the influence of continued warming, more snowfall in high-altitude watersheds will turn into rainfall, resulting in changes in the accumulation and melting of snow. Snow, as a buffer between precipitation input and runoff output, can reduce the interannual variability of runoff. As snow cover decreases, the interannual and seasonal variability of runoff in watersheds with a large contribution from snowmelt increases, and the predictability of drought in the watershed decreases. In watersheds dominated by snowmelt runoff, the shift from snowfall to rainfall and the early warming of spring will lead to earlier melting of snow and earlier spring floods. Some watersheds that were originally dominated by snowmelt runoff have gradually shifted to being dominated by precipitation runoff. Changes in snowmelt runoff bring new challenges to the assessment and utilization of water resources in the watershed.

[0003] Quantitative analysis of snowmelt runoff: After being released from the snowpack and entering a river channel, snowmelt undergoes a complex series of processes, including infiltration, evaporation, uptake by vegetation roots, and lateral runoff. Some meltwater flows as overland flow, while others infiltrate and flow as subsoil flow or groundwater. Related technologies, such as parametric methods or proportional estimation, have limitations and provide low accuracy in describing snowmelt runoff. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a quantitative analysis method for snowmelt runoff based on a distributed hydrological model to address the above technical problems, which can improve the accuracy of snowmelt runoff analysis.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for quantitative analysis of snowmelt runoff based on a distributed hydrological model, comprising:

[0006] Determine the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at the current moment based on a preset distributed hydrological model, a preset hydrological cycle process, and target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure of the sub-basin;

[0007] Based on the snowmelt water volume, determining the snowmelt migration volume of each target snowmelt movement path at the current time step, wherein the snowmelt migration volume at least includes the snowmelt runoff abortion flow;

[0008] Based on the snowmelt runoff flow corresponding to each of the target snowmelt movement paths, the total snowmelt runoff volume of each of the hydrological structures at the current time step is determined.

[0009] In one embodiment, determining the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at a current moment based on a preset distributed hydrological model, a preset hydrological cycle process, and target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure of the sub-watershed includes:

[0010] Based on the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure in the sub-basin at the previous moment and the snowmelt parameters of the target snowmelt movement path corresponding to each hydrological structure at the current time step, the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure at the current moment is determined. The snowmelt parameters include snowmelt contribution and / or snowmelt migration.

[0011] In one embodiment, determining the snowmelt volume of each hydrological structure at the current moment based on the snowmelt volume of each hydrological structure in the sub-basin at the previous moment and the snowmelt contribution and snowmelt migration of the target snowmelt movement path corresponding to each hydrological structure at the current time step includes:

[0012] For each target snowmelt movement path, determining the sum of the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the previous moment and the snowmelt contribution of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step, and determining the difference between the sum and the snowmelt migration volume of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step as the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the current moment; and / or,

[0013] The sum of the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the previous moment and the snowmelt contribution of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step is determined as the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the current moment; and / or,

[0014] The difference between the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the previous moment and the snowmelt migration volume of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step is determined as the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the current moment.

[0015] In one embodiment, the hydrological structure of each sub-basin includes at least a canopy structure, a surface structure and a multi-layer soil structure, and each layer of the soil structure includes at least soil water and / or soil ice; the target snowmelt movement path includes one or more of a first snowmelt movement path of the canopy structure, a second snowmelt movement path of the surface structure, a third snowmelt movement path of the soil water of each layer of the soil structure, and a fourth snowmelt movement path of the soil ice.

[0016] In one embodiment, for the first snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt contribution is the amount of snowmelt water in the canopy structure, and the snowmelt migration amount includes the canopy snowmelt evaporation of the canopy structure and the surface water storage converted from snowmelt in the canopy structure;

[0017] For the second snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt contribution includes the amount of snowmelt water from the surface snow in the surface structure and the surface water storage converted from snowmelt in the canopy structure; the snowmelt migration amount includes the amount of surface snowmelt evaporation, the amount of surface snowmelt infiltration, and the amount of surface snowmelt runoff;

[0018] For the i-th third snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt water volume is the snowmelt water volume of the soil water in the i-th soil structure, the snowmelt contribution volume includes the snowmelt exchange volume between the soil water in the i-th soil structure and the i-1-th soil structure, and the melting volume of frozen snowmelt of soil ice in the i-th soil structure, the snowmelt migration volume includes the snowmelt exchange volume between the soil water in the i-th soil structure and the i+1-th soil structure, the snowmelt evaporation volume of the soil water in the i-th soil structure, the snowmelt refreezing volume in the soil water in the i-th soil structure, and the snowmelt flow rate of the soil water in the i-th soil structure, wherein 0<i≤N, i is the number of layers of the multi-layer soil structure, and i is a positive integer;

[0019] For the i-th fourth snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt water volume is the amount of snowmelt water frozen in the soil ice of the i-th soil structure, the snowmelt contribution volume includes the amount of snowmelt refreezing in the soil water of the i-th soil structure, and the snowmelt migration volume includes the amount of frozen snowmelt in the soil ice of the i-th soil structure.

[0020] In one embodiment, the method further comprises:

[0021] Based on external environmental data, determine the proportion of snowfall in precipitation at each time step;

[0022] Determining a snow layer temperature and a meltwater flux of the surface structure based on the snowfall percentage, a preset mass balance equation, and a preset energy balance equation; the meltwater flux is the outflow flux of meltwater flowing from the snow in the surface structure to the surface;

[0023] The amount of meltwater of the surface snow at each time step is determined based on the snow layer temperature and the meltwater flux.

[0024] In one embodiment, determining the snowmelt migration amount of the current time step of each target snowmelt movement path based on the snowmelt water volume includes:

[0025] Determine the ratio of the amount of snowmelt water in each of the snowmelt movement paths at the current time step to the water content of the corresponding hydrological structure, and determine the ratio as the snowmelt proportion of each of the hydrological structures;

[0026] Determine the water migration amount of each hydrological structure, and determine the target snowmelt migration amount corresponding to each target snowmelt movement path corresponding to the current time step based on the product value of the water migration amount and the snowmelt proportion corresponding to the hydrological structure.

[0027] In one embodiment, when the water content in the soil water in the soil structure meets the saturation condition, the soil structure is an underground aquifer, the water migration amount includes at least the runoff flow of each layer of the hydrological structure, the runoff flow includes at least the surface flow of the surface structure, the soil flow of the soil water of each layer of the soil structure, and the groundwater flow of each underground aquifer, the target snowmelt migration amount includes at least the surface snowmelt flow, the soil snowmelt flow, and the groundwater snowmelt flow, and the target snowmelt migration amount corresponding to each target snowmelt movement path corresponding to the current time step is determined based on the product value of the water migration amount and the snowmelt proportion corresponding to the hydrological structure, including:

[0028] Determine a product value of the surface runoff and the proportion of snowmelt in the total water storage capacity of the surface structure as the surface snowmelt runoff corresponding to the second snowmelt movement path corresponding to the current time step;

[0029] Determine the product of the soil flow rate and the snowmelt ratio of the soil water in the i-th soil structure as the soil snowmelt flow rate corresponding to the i-th third snowmelt movement path corresponding to the current time step;

[0030] The product value of the groundwater flow rate and the snowmelt ratio of the underground aquifer is determined as the groundwater snowmelt flow rate corresponding to the underground aquifer corresponding to the current time step.

[0031] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a device for quantitatively analyzing permafrost meltwater runoff based on a distributed hydrological model, comprising:

[0032] A first determination module is configured to determine the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at a current moment based on a preset distributed hydrological model, a preset hydrological cycle process, and target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure of the sub-basin;

[0033] A second determining module is configured to determine, based on the snowmelt water volume, a snowmelt migration volume of each target snowmelt movement path at a current time step, wherein the snowmelt migration volume at least includes a snowmelt runoff abortion flow;

[0034] The third determination module is used to determine the total amount of snowmelt runoff of each hydrological structure at the current time step based on the snowmelt runoff flow corresponding to each target snowmelt movement path.

[0035] In a third aspect, the present application further provides a computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, the following steps are implemented:

[0036] Determine the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at the current moment based on a preset distributed hydrological model, a preset hydrological cycle process, and target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure of the sub-basin;

[0037] Based on the snowmelt water volume, determining the snowmelt migration volume of each target snowmelt movement path at the current time step, wherein the snowmelt migration volume at least includes the snowmelt runoff abortion flow;

[0038] Based on the snowmelt runoff flow corresponding to each of the target snowmelt movement paths, the total snowmelt runoff volume of each of the hydrological structures at the current time step is determined.

[0039] In a fourth aspect, the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the following steps are implemented:

[0040] Determine the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at the current moment based on a preset distributed hydrological model, a preset hydrological cycle process, and target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure of the sub-basin;

[0041] Based on the snowmelt water volume, determining the snowmelt migration volume of each target snowmelt movement path at the current time step, wherein the snowmelt migration volume at least includes the snowmelt runoff abortion flow;

[0042] Based on the snowmelt runoff flow corresponding to each of the target snowmelt movement paths, the total snowmelt runoff volume of each of the hydrological structures at the current time step is determined.

[0043] In a fifth aspect, the present application further provides a computer program product, comprising a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the following steps:

[0044] Determine the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at the current moment based on a preset distributed hydrological model, a preset hydrological cycle process, and target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure of the sub-basin;

[0045] Based on the snowmelt water volume, determining the snowmelt migration volume of each target snowmelt movement path at the current time step, wherein the snowmelt migration volume at least includes the snowmelt runoff abortion flow;

[0046] Based on the snowmelt runoff flow corresponding to each of the target snowmelt movement paths, the total snowmelt runoff volume of each of the hydrological structures at the current time step is determined.

[0047] The above-mentioned quantitative analysis method of snowmelt runoff based on the distributed hydrological model analyzes the current time step, and determines the snowmelt water volume corresponding to the target snowmelt movement path by presetting the distributed hydrological model, the preset hydrological cycle process and the target snowmelt movement path corresponding to each hydrological structure in the sub-area. It realizes the analysis of the hydrological cycle process of the hydrological structure respectively, dynamically updates the content of snowmelt water volume in the hydrological structure, and realizes the tracking of snowmelt water volume in each hydrological component; determines the snowmelt migration volume of each target snowmelt movement path based on the snowmelt water volume, and determines the snowmelt migration volume based on the snowmelt migration volume. The total amount of snowmelt runoff is determined by the snowmelt flow rate. Based on the simulation of snowfall and snow accumulation, soil water movement and runoff generation and convergence, the transfer and movement of melted snowwater is tracked. A snowmelt runoff calculation and analysis method considering different runoff forms is established. The calculation and quantitative analysis of snowmelt runoff contribution based on the hydrological cycle process are realized, and the total amount of snowmelt runoff at the basin outlet and its contribution ratio to the total runoff are quantified, which improves the accuracy of snowmelt runoff analysis. It can provide a reliable reference basis for the quantitative analysis of the contribution of snowmelt water to runoff in high-altitude and cold basins under climate change conditions and the assessment of basin snow water resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or related technologies, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application or related technical descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0049] Figure 1 1 is a flow chart of a method for quantitatively analyzing snowmelt runoff based on a distributed hydrological model in one embodiment;

[0050] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a possible migration path of snowmelt water in one embodiment;

[0051] Figure 3 1 is a flow chart of a method for quantitatively analyzing snowmelt runoff based on a distributed hydrological model in one embodiment;

[0052] Figure 4 1 is a structural block diagram of a device for quantitatively analyzing frozen soil ice meltwater runoff based on a distributed hydrological model in one embodiment;

[0053] Figure 5 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the internal structure of a computer device in one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, the following further describes this application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0055] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, a method for quantitative analysis of snowmelt runoff based on a distributed hydrological model is provided. This embodiment uses the method applied to a terminal as an example. It is understood that the method can also be applied to a server, or to a system including a terminal and a server, and implemented through interaction between the terminal and the server. In this embodiment, the method includes the following steps:

[0056] Step 101: Based on a preset distributed hydrological model, a preset hydrological cycle process, and target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each layer of hydrological structure of the sub-basin, determine the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at the current moment.

[0057] The time step refers to the smallest unit of time simulated by the preset distributed hydrological model. The current time step represents a specific moment or period. Within each time step, the terminal calculates the total snowmelt runoff based on the preset distributed hydrological model and the hydrological cycle. It should be understood that the start and end points of each time step are both moments. When the end point is the current moment and the start point is the previous moment, the time step between the previous moment and the current moment can be determined as the current time step. The preset distributed hydrological model divides the watershed into multiple sub-basins and calculates the hydrological process separately for each sub-basin. This preset distributed hydrological model pre-configures basic information for each sub-basin, including soil parameters, land use data, and model meteorological region data. Basic information may include at least the basin's slope, aspect, and river channel parameters. Model meteorological region data may include precipitation, temperature, long- and short-wave radiation, wind speed, relative humidity, and other factors. The preset distributed hydrological model is used to couple snowfall, snow accumulation, and snowmelt processes. The pre-set hydrological cycle is the physical cycle of snowfall within each hydrological structure, including snowfall, accumulation, melting, evaporation, and other processes. Hydrological structure refers to the vertical or horizontal stratification of a sub-basin. The target snowmelt movement path is the flow path of accumulated water and snowmelt within each hydrological structure layer. Snowmelt water volume is the amount of snowmelt contained in the water storage capacity of each hydrological structure layer. For example, this is the amount of snowmelt water from melting snow contained in the water storage capacity of that hydrological structure layer, or the amount of water that infiltrates from snowmelt water in other layers.

[0058] Optionally, the preset distributed hydrological model may further divide the watershed into multiple grids, and the hydrological cycle process is calculated for each grid.

[0059] Specifically, the terminal can construct a preset distributed hydrological model. Based on a preset hydrological cycle, the terminal can determine the target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each layer of the hydrological structure of each sub-basin. When calculating the snowmelt water volume of the target snowmelt movement path at each moment, the terminal can determine the snowmelt water volume of the target snowmelt movement path in the corresponding hydrological structure based on the preset distributed hydrological model, the preset hydrological cycle, and the target snowmelt movement path.

[0060] Optionally, the terminal can obtain the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) elevation data for the watershed and analyze it using the hydrological analysis capabilities of the Arc Geographic Information System (ArcGIS) to obtain basic watershed information. This information can then be used to determine a pre-defined distributed hydrological model based on soil parameters, land use data, and other basic information. Furthermore, the terminal can input model meteorological driving data into the pre-defined distributed hydrological model at each time step.

[0061] Step 102: Based on the amount of snowmelt water, determine the amount of snowmelt migration for each target snowmelt movement path at the current time step.

[0062] The snowmelt transport volume includes at least snowmelt runoff. Snowmelt runoff is the contribution of snowmelt to different runoff forms, including but not limited to surface runoff, subsurface runoff, and underground runoff. Snowmelt transport volume can be derived based on the contribution of snowmelt to the water storage capacity within the hydrological structure during the hydrological cycle, which includes one or more of the following processes: melting, evaporation, infiltration, transformation, and runoff generation.

[0063] Specifically, the terminal can determine the total water storage capacity of each hydrological structure in the current time step based on a preset distributed hydrological model, and the snowmelt percentage of the current time step based on the snowmelt water volume and water storage capacity of each hydrological structure. Based on the preset distributed hydrological model, the terminal determines the water volume of each hydrological structure in the current time step during evaporation, infiltration, conversion, and runoff generation, and determines the snowmelt migration volume for each target snowmelt movement path based on this water volume and snowmelt percentage.

[0064] Step 103: Based on the snowmelt runoff corresponding to each target snowmelt movement path, the total snowmelt runoff of each hydrological structure in the current time step is determined.

[0065] Specifically, the terminal may determine the sum of the snowmelt runoff flow corresponding to each target snowmelt movement path as the total snowmelt runoff volume of the multi-layer hydrological structure at the current time step.

[0066] The above-mentioned quantitative analysis method of snowmelt runoff determines the snowmelt water volume corresponding to the target snowmelt movement path by presetting a distributed hydrological model, presetting the hydrological cycle process, and presetting the target snowmelt movement path corresponding to each hydrological structure in the sub-region. This realizes the analysis of the hydrological cycle process of each hydrological structure separately, dynamically updates the content of snowmelt water volume in the hydrological structure, and realizes the tracking of snowmelt water volume in each hydrological component. The snowmelt migration volume for each target snowmelt movement path is determined based on the snowmelt water volume, and the total snowmelt runoff volume is determined based on the snowmelt runoff output in the snowmelt migration volume. Based on the simulation of snowfall and snow accumulation, soil water movement, and runoff generation and convergence processes, the transfer and movement process of meltwater is tracked. A snowmelt runoff calculation and analysis method considering different runoff generation forms is established, and the snowmelt runoff contribution is calculated and quantitatively analyzed based on the hydrological cycle process. The total amount of snowmelt runoff at the basin outlet and its contribution ratio to the total runoff are quantified, which improves the accuracy of snowmelt runoff analysis. It can provide a reliable reference for quantitative analysis of the contribution of snowmelt water to runoff and assessment of snow water resources in basins under climate change conditions.

[0067] In an exemplary embodiment, the specific implementation process of step 101, "determining the current snowmelt water volume of each target snowmelt movement path based on a preset distributed hydrological model, a preset hydrological cycle process, and target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure of the sub-watershed," may include:

[0068] The snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure in the sub-basin at the previous moment and the snowmelt parameters of the target snowmelt movement path corresponding to each hydrological structure at the current time step are determined.

[0069] The snowmelt contribution of a hydrological structure refers to the contribution of snowmelt water from snowmelt to the water storage capacity of that hydrological structure. The contribution value refers to the amount of snowmelt water from snowmelt included in the water storage capacity of that hydrological structure. The snowmelt contribution of a hydrological structure can include exchange water or the amount of meltwater from snowmelt in the current time step. Snowmelt migration refers to the amount of snowmelt water from a hydrological structure that migrates to other hydrological structures through evaporation, infiltration, runoff, etc. Snowmelt parameters include snowmelt contribution and / or snowmelt migration.

[0070] For example, the hydrological structure of this layer can be a soil structure, and the exchange water volume can be a snowmelt exchange volume. The snowmelt exchange volume refers to the amount of snowmelt water from the upper soil structure that infiltrates into this soil structure layer at the current time step, etc. This is only used for example.

[0071] Specifically, for each hydrological structure, the terminal can obtain the snowmelt water volume at the previous moment, the snowmelt contribution and snowmelt migration volume at the current time step, or obtain the snowmelt contribution at the current time step, or obtain the snowmelt migration volume at the current time step.

[0072] The terminal can determine the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at the current moment based on the snowmelt water volume at the previous moment and the snowmelt contribution and snowmelt migration volume at the current time step.

[0073] The terminal can determine the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at the current moment based on the snowmelt water volume at the previous moment and the snowmelt contribution at the current time step.

[0074] The terminal can determine the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at the current moment based on the snowmelt water volume at the previous moment and the snowmelt migration volume at the current time step.

[0075] In this embodiment, based on the target snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt water volume in the corresponding hydrological structure at the current moment is updated to achieve tracking of the snowmelt water volume in each hydrological component.

[0076] In an exemplary embodiment, the specific implementation process of the step "determining the snowmelt volume of each hydrological structure at the current moment based on the snowmelt volume of each hydrological structure in the sub-basin at the previous moment and the snowmelt contribution and snowmelt migration volume of the target snowmelt movement path corresponding to each hydrological structure at the current time step" may include the following three implementation processes:

[0077] The first implementation process is to determine the sum of the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the previous moment and the snowmelt contribution of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step for each target snowmelt movement path, and to determine the difference between the sum and the snowmelt migration volume of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step as the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the current moment.

[0078] The second implementation process is to determine, for each target snowmelt movement path, the sum of the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the previous moment and the snowmelt contribution of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step as the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the current moment.

[0079] The third implementation process is to determine, for each target snowmelt movement path, the difference between the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the previous moment and the snowmelt migration volume of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step as the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the current moment.

[0080] Among them, the snowmelt contribution is the contribution of snowfall and snowmelt to each hydrological structure after considering the external environmental data of the current time step, or the contribution of the upper hydrological structure of the current time step to the current hydrological structure.

[0081] Specifically, the terminal can determine the snowmelt contribution, snowmelt migration and snowmelt water volume in the target snowmelt movement path, which includes the snowmelt contribution and snowmelt migration. The terminal can determine the sum of the snowmelt contribution and the snowmelt water volume of the corresponding hydrological structure at the previous moment, and determine the difference between the sum and the snowmelt migration volume of the previous time step as the snowmelt water volume of the corresponding hydrological structure at the current moment.

[0082] The terminal can determine the snowmelt contribution in the target snowmelt movement path and the snowmelt water volume in the corresponding hydrological structure. The target snowmelt movement path includes the snowmelt contribution. The terminal can determine the sum of the snowmelt contribution and the snowmelt water volume of the corresponding hydrological structure at the previous moment, and determine the sum as the snowmelt water volume of the corresponding hydrological structure at the current moment.

[0083] The terminal can determine the snowmelt migration amount in the target snowmelt movement path and the snowmelt water volume in the corresponding hydrological structure. The target snowmelt movement path includes the snowmelt migration amount. The terminal can determine the difference between the snowmelt migration amount and the snowmelt water volume of the corresponding hydrological structure at the previous moment, and determine the difference as the snowmelt water volume of the corresponding hydrological structure at the current moment.

[0084] In this embodiment, the amount of snowmelt water at the current moment is determined by determining the amount of snowmelt water in the target snowmelt movement path at the previous moment, the snowmelt contribution and / or snowmelt migration amount in the current time step, thereby achieving the purpose of dynamically updating the amount of snowmelt water in each hydrological structure.

[0085] In an exemplary embodiment, the hydrological structure of each sub-basin includes at least a canopy structure, a surface structure and a multi-layer soil structure, and each layer of soil structure includes at least soil water and / or soil ice; the target snowmelt movement path includes one or more of a first snowmelt movement path of the canopy structure, a second snowmelt movement path of the surface structure, a third snowmelt movement path of the soil water of each layer of soil structure, and a fourth snowmelt movement path of the soil ice.

[0086] Specifically, the terminal determines the target snowmelt movement path of each hydrological structure based on the preset hydrological cycle process of each hydrological structure after the snow melts. Optionally, after each sub-basin performs calculations for each time step, the hydrological cycle process of the first snowmelt movement path includes a melting process, an evaporation process, and an infiltration process. Specifically, the water obtained from the melting of snow in the canopy structure enters the canopy water storage, and the melted snow water in the canopy water storage will enter the atmosphere with the evaporation of the canopy, and the part that exceeds the maximum water holding capacity of the canopy will penetrate the canopy and enter the surface water storage of the surface structure; the hydrological cycle process of the second snowmelt movement path includes a melting process layer, an evaporation process, an infiltration process, and a runoff process. Specifically, the surface snow enters the surface water storage after melting, and the melted snow water in the canopy structure enters the surface water storage, and the melted snow water in the surface water storage will enter the atmosphere or infiltrate into the soil with the surface evaporation, and the part that exceeds the surface water storage capacity will form surface runoff. The hydrological cycle of the third snowmelt pathway includes infiltration, evaporation, freeze-thaw, and runoff generation. Specifically, the infiltration of snowmelt into the soil is followed by vertical exchange between soil layers, soil evaporation, freezing of soil water into permafrost, melting of permafrost (thaw-freeze), and subsoil runoff. The hydrological cycle of the fourth snowmelt pathway includes freeze-thaw, specifically the freezing of soil water and melting of soil ice within each soil layer.

[0087] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the possible migration paths of snowmelt water. Figure 2 It includes canopy structure, surface structure, and soil structure. The soil structure includes unsaturated soil structure and water-saturated soil structure (groundwater). Figure 2 The figure couples the cold region hydrological processes such as snowfall, snow accumulation, snowmelt, infiltration, evapotranspiration, and runoff. The arrows in the figure indicate the flow direction of the hydrological cycle between various hydrological structures.

[0088] In this embodiment, the hydrological structure is divided into multiple layers for analysis, and the hydrological cycle between the layers is used to track the transfer and movement of melted snow water.

[0089] In an exemplary embodiment, for the first snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt contribution is the amount of snowmelt water in the canopy structure, and the snowmelt migration amount includes the canopy snowmelt evaporation of the canopy structure and the surface water storage converted from snowmelt in the canopy structure.

[0090] For the second snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt contribution includes the snowmelt water of surface snow in the surface structure and the surface water storage converted from snowmelt in the canopy structure. The snowmelt migration includes surface snowmelt evaporation, surface snowmelt infiltration and surface snowmelt runoff.

[0091] For the i-th third snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt water volume is the snowmelt water volume of the soil water in the i-th soil structure. The snowmelt contribution includes the snowmelt exchange volume of the soil water between the i-th and i-1-th soil structures, the snowmelt exchange volume between the soil water of the i-th and i+1-th soil structures, and the melting volume of the frozen snowmelt of the soil ice in the i-th soil structure. The snowmelt migration volume includes the snowmelt evaporation volume of the soil water in the i-th soil structure, the snowmelt refreezing volume in the soil water in the i-th soil structure, and the soil water snowmelt flow rate of the i-th soil structure, where 0<i≤N, i is the number of layers of the multi-layer soil structure, and i is a positive integer.

[0092] For the i-th fourth snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt water volume is the amount of snowmelt water frozen in the soil ice of the i-th soil structure, the snowmelt contribution volume includes the amount of snowmelt refreezing in the soil water of the i-th soil structure, and the snowmelt migration volume includes the amount of frozen snowmelt in the soil ice of the i-th soil structure.

[0093] The i-th third snowmelt movement path refers to the third snowmelt movement path corresponding to the i-th soil structure, and the i-th fourth snowmelt movement path refers to the fourth snowmelt movement path corresponding to the i-th soil structure.

[0094] Specifically, for the first snowmelt movement path, the terminal can determine the amount of snowmelt water in the canopy structure based on the temperature of the snow layer in the canopy structure, the snow layer temperature, and the specific heat capacity of ice. The terminal can determine the surface water storage converted from snowmelt in the canopy structure based on the maximum water holding capacity of the canopy structure and the amount of snowmelt water, as well as the canopy snowmelt evaporation in the canopy structure at the current time step, and determine the amount of snowmelt water in the canopy structure as the snowmelt contribution of the canopy structure, determine the sum of the canopy snowmelt evaporation and the surface water storage converted from snowmelt in the canopy structure as the snowmelt migration amount, determine the sum of the snowmelt water amount and the snowmelt contribution at the current time step, and determine the difference between the sum and the snowmelt migration amount as the snowmelt water amount at the current moment. The specific expression formula for calculating the amount of snowmelt water in the canopy structure at the current moment can be:

[0095]

[0096] Among them, MeltW c,k is the amount of meltwater in canopy structure c at the current time k, MeltW c,k-1 Melt is the amount of snowmelt water in the canopy structure c at the last moment k-1, c,j is the amount of snow melt water in canopy structure c at the current time step j, EvapW c,j is the canopy snowmelt evaporation of canopy structure c at the current time step j, FallW c,j is the surface water storage converted from snowmelt in canopy structure c at the current time step j.

[0097] For the second snowmelt movement path, the terminal can determine the snowmelt water volume at the previous moment, the snowmelt water volume of surface snow, the surface water storage converted in the canopy structure, the surface snowmelt evaporation volume of the previous time step, the surface snowmelt infiltration volume and the surface snowmelt flow rate, and determine the sum of the snowmelt water volume of surface snow and the snowmelt water volume converted into surface water storage in the canopy structure as the snowmelt contribution volume, and determine the sum of the surface snowmelt evaporation volume, surface snowmelt infiltration volume and surface snowmelt flow rate of the current time step as the snowmelt migration volume. Determine the sum of the snowmelt water volume at the previous moment and the snowmelt contribution volume of the current time step, and determine the difference between the sum and the snowmelt migration volume of the current time step as the snowmelt water volume at the current moment. The specific expression formula for calculating the surface water storage volume at the current moment can be:

[0098]

[0099] Among them, MeltW sur,k MeltW is the amount of snowmelt water of the surface structure sur at the current time k; sur,k-1 Melt is the amount of snowmelt water in the surface water storage of the surface structure sur at the previous moment k-1; sur,j is the amount of meltwater from the surface snow of the surface structure sur at the current time step j; EvapW sur,j InfW is the surface snowmelt evaporation of the surface structure sur at the current time step j; sur,j is the surface snowmelt infiltration of the surface structure sur at the current time step j; RunoffW sur,j is the surface snowmelt discharge of the surface structure sur at the current time step j.

[0100] For the third snowmelt movement path of the soil water of the i-th soil structure, the terminal can determine the amount of snowmelt water of the soil water of the i-th soil structure at the previous moment, and determine the amount of snowmelt water of the i-th soil structure at the current time step. Layer and The terminal will determine the amount of snowmelt exchange in the soil water of the i-th layer, the amount of snowmelt exchange between the soil water of the i-th layer and the i+1-th layer, the amount of snowmelt evaporation of the soil water of the i-th layer, the amount of snowmelt refreezing in the soil water of the i-th layer (or the amount of frozen snowmelt in soil ice) and the amount of snowmelt flow in the soil water of the i-th layer. Layer and The snowmelt exchange amount in the soil water of the i-th layer is determined as the snowmelt contribution, and the sum of the snowmelt exchange amount between the soil water of the i-th layer and the i+1-th layer of soil structure, the snowmelt evaporation amount of the soil water of the i-th layer of soil structure, the snowmelt refreezing amount in the soil water of the i-th layer of soil structure and the snowmelt flow rate of the soil water of the i-th layer of soil structure is determined as the snowmelt migration amount; the sum of the snowmelt water volume at the previous moment and the snowmelt contribution of the current time step is determined, and the difference between the sum and the snowmelt migration volume of the current time step is determined as the snowmelt water volume at the current moment.

[0101] Optionally, soil ice in the soil structure may refreeze or melt during the current time step due to changes in soil temperature. However, soil temperature generally does not change dramatically during the current time step, causing soil ice in the soil structure of a sub-basin to freeze or melt simultaneously. In other words, the amount of snowmelt refreezing in soil water and the amount of snowmelt melted from frozen soil ice do not simultaneously affect the amount of snowmelt water in the same soil structure during the same time step. Snowmelt refreezing is the amount of snowmelt transported in soil water, while the amount of snowmelt melted from frozen soil ice is the snowmelt contribution to soil water.

[0102] The specific expression for calculating the amount of snowmelt water in the soil water of the i-th soil structure at the current moment can be:

[0103]

[0104]

[0105]

[0106] Among them, MeltW soil,i,j MeltW is the amount of snowmelt water in the i-th layer of soil at the current time k; soil,i,j-1 InfW is the amount of snowmelt water in the soil layer i at the previous time k-1; soil,i-1,j InfW is the amount of snowmelt exchange between the soil water in the i-th layer and the soil water in the i-1-th layer at the current time step j; soil,i,j is the soil water content of the i-th layer and the The amount of snowmelt exchange in the soil water layer at the current time step j; EvapW soil,i,j is the snowmelt evapotranspiration of the i-th layer of soil water at the current time step j; FreezeW soil,i,j RunoffW is the amount of snowmelt and refreezing in the soil water layer i at the current time step j. A negative number indicates the amount of frozen snowmelt in the soil ice. soil,i,j InfW is the amount of snowmelt flowing out of the soil water layer i at the current time step j; soil,0,j Equal to InfW sur,j, is the infiltration amount of surface snowmelt water into the first layer of soil water in the current time step.

[0107] For the fourth snowmelt movement path, the terminal can determine the amount of re-frozen snowmelt water of the soil ice in the i-th soil structure at the previous moment as the snowmelt water amount at the previous moment, determine the amount of snowmelt re-freezing in the i-th soil water as the snowmelt contribution of the current time step, or determine the amount of melted snow from the frozen snowmelt in the i-th soil structure as the snowmelt migration amount of the current time step. The terminal can determine the sum of the snowmelt water amount at the previous moment and the snowmelt contribution of the current time step as the snowmelt water amount of the soil ice in the i-th soil structure at the current moment; or it can determine the difference between the snowmelt water amount at the previous moment and the snowmelt migration amount of the current time step as the snowmelt water amount of the soil ice in the i-th soil structure at the current moment.

[0108] The specific expression for calculating the amount of meltwater in the soil ice of the i-th soil structure at the current moment can be:

[0109]

[0110] Among them, MeltW soilice,i,k For the MeltW is the amount of meltwater that refreezes in the soil ice layer at the current time k; soilice,i,k-1 For the FreezeW is the amount of re-frozen snowmelt water in the soil ice layer at the previous time k-1; soil,i,j For the The amount of snowmelt and refreezing in the soil water layer at the current time step j. Negative numbers indicate the amount of snowmelt and refreezing in the soil ice at the current time step j. Optionally, the units of the above variables are all millimeters (mm). is the number of model soil layers.

[0111] In this embodiment, the hydrological structure is divided into multiple layers for analysis, and the hydrological cycle between the layers is used to track the transfer and movement of melted snow water.

[0112] In an exemplary embodiment, the snowmelt runoff quantitative analysis method further includes:

[0113] Based on external environmental data, the proportion of snowfall in precipitation at each time step is determined; based on the proportion of snowfall, the preset mass balance equation and the preset energy balance equation, the temperature of the snow layer in the surface structure and the meltwater flux in the snow are determined; based on the snow layer temperature and the meltwater flux of the snow, the amount of meltwater in the surface snow at each time step is determined.

[0114] Among them, the external environmental data is the data of the environment in the current time step, for example, it may include temperature and water vapor pressure factors. Precipitation includes liquid rain and solid snowfall, and the snowfall proportion is the proportion of snowfall in the total precipitation. Meltwater flux is the meltwater outflow flux flowing from the snow in the surface structure to the surface. The snow layer temperature is the temperature of each snow layer. The preset mass balance equation includes the snow layer mass balance equation, and the preset energy balance equation includes the snow layer energy balance equation. Meltwater flux is the exchange of liquid water between each snow layer, including the liquid water exchange between the bottom snow layer and the surface (that is, the meltwater flux flowing out of the snow to the surface).

[0115] Specifically, when calculating the amount of snowmelt water at each time step, the terminal can obtain external environmental data based on sensors or other sensing devices. The terminal can calculate the wet-bulb temperature at the current time step based on the temperature data and water vapor pressure data in the external environmental data. The calculation formula for the wet-bulb temperature can be:

[0116]

[0117] Among them, T w is the wet bulb temperature, T m is the temperature data, e m It is the water vapor pressure data.

[0118] The terminal can determine the relationship between the wet-bulb temperature and the preset temperature threshold. When the wet-bulb temperature is less than the preset temperature threshold, the proportion of snow in the precipitation is determined based on a preset ratio formula and the wet-bulb temperature. The specific expression of the preset ratio formula can be:

[0119]

[0120]

[0121]

[0122] Among them, ratio snow is the snowfall ratio, 0≤ratio snow ≤1, T0 is the preset temperature threshold, which can be set to 1.1 degrees Celsius.

[0123] Assume that the surface snow in each sub-basin is divided into several layers along the vertical direction for simulation, and each layer of snow is uniform in density, temperature, humidity, and snow particle size. The terminal can establish a mass balance relationship between the snow layers based on a preset mass balance equation, where the specific expression of the preset mass balance equation can be:

[0124]

[0125] Where t is the current time step; z is the vertical height of the snow layer from the surface; C is the specific heat of snow (J / kg·K); T s is the temperature of the corresponding snow layer (K); T f is the freezing temperature of water (K); θ i is the volume percentage of solid water (ice) in snow; ρ i is the density of ice (kg / m 3 );L il is the latent heat of melting of ice (J / kg); K s is the thermal conductivity of snow (W / K·m); I R is the radiant flux (W / m 2 ). H out For the first layer of snow cover, other energy input data is the surface energy input data: H out =H sur , where H sur Enter data for surface energy.

[0126] Surface energy input data include atmospheric longwave radiation, sensible heat and latent heat exchange, and precipitation heat input. The expression of surface energy input data can be:

[0127]

[0128] Among them, RL d It is downward long-wave radiation; is the reflectivity; is the Boltzmann constant, ; is the surface snow temperature (K); E h For sensible heat exchange ( );E e For latent heat exchange ( );C p is the specific heat of precipitation ( );U p is the precipitation (mm); T p is the precipitation temperature (K).

[0129] The specific expression of the preset mass balance equation can be:

[0130]

[0131] Among them, θ l is the volume fraction of liquid water in snow; is the density of liquid water (kg / m 3 );U l is the meltwater flow flux in the snow layer ( ).

[0132] The terminal can calculate the snow layer temperature T by combining the preset energy balance equation and the preset mass balance equation. s and snowmelt water flux U l When the snow layer temperature T s When the melting temperature is reached, the melting calculation will be performed based on the specific heat of ice melting to obtain the amount of meltwater on the surface snow. The flux of surface snow entering the surface water after melting is determined based on the meltwater flux, and the amount of meltwater on the surface snow in the current time step is determined based on the meltwater flux.

[0133] In addition, when the wet-bulb temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature threshold, it is determined that the precipitation form is rain and there is no snowfall. Therefore, the snowfall process of this time step is not analyzed.

[0134] In this embodiment, by simulating the snowmelt process on the surface and canopy according to the current external environmental data in each time step, and coupling the weather changes in each time step, the accuracy of assessing the impact of snowmelt on runoff is improved.

[0135] In an exemplary embodiment, the specific implementation process of the step of "determining the snowmelt migration amount of each target snowmelt movement path in the current time step based on the snowmelt water amount in the current time step" may include:

[0136] Determine the ratio of the snowmelt water volume of each snowmelt movement path in the current time step to the water content of the corresponding hydrological structure, and determine the ratio as the snowmelt proportion of each hydrological structure; determine the water migration amount corresponding to each hydrological structure, and based on the product value of the water migration amount and the snowmelt proportion corresponding to the hydrological structure, determine the target snowmelt migration amount corresponding to each target snowmelt movement path corresponding to the current time step.

[0137] Water content refers to the total water storage capacity of each hydrological structure at the current time step. Snowmelt fraction refers to the proportion of snowmelt water in each hydrological component. Hydrological components refer to the hydrological elements of each link in the hydrological cycle. Total water migration refers to the amount of water migration in each component during the water movement process within each hydrological structure. Water migration within each hydrological structure can include at least one or more of the following: evaporation, infiltration, refreezing and melting (freeze-thaw), runoff, and so on.

[0138] Specifically, the terminal can determine the water content of each hydrological structure at the current moment based on a preset distributed hydrological model. The terminal can determine the ratio of the snowmelt water volume of each snowmelt movement path at the current time step to the snowmelt content of the hydrological structure corresponding to each snowmelt movement path, and determine this ratio as the snowmelt percentage in the corresponding hydrological structure. The terminal can also determine the water migration amount corresponding to each hydrological structure at the current time step based on the preset distributed hydrological model, and determine the product of this water migration amount and the snowmelt percentage of the corresponding hydrological structure as the target snowmelt migration amount corresponding to each target snowmelt movement path corresponding to the current time step.

[0139] The specific expression for calculating the proportion of snowmelt in the total water volume of each hydrological structure can be:

[0140]

[0141]

[0142]

[0143]

[0144] Among them, RatioW c,j RatioW is the snowmelt ratio of canopy structure c at the current time step j, sur,j RatioW is the snowmelt ratio of the surface structure sur at the current time step j, soil,i,j RatioW is the ratio of snowmelt to soil water in the i-th soil structure at the current time step j. soilice,i,j W is the percentage of snowmelt in the soil ice layer i at the current time step j. c,j is the canopy water content of canopy structure c at the current time step j, W sur,j is the surface water content of the surface structure sur at the current time step j, W soil,i,j is the water content of the soil water in the i-th soil structure at the current time step j, W soilice,i,j is the water content of soil ice in the i-th soil structure at the current time step j.

[0145] In this embodiment, the snowmelt water volume of the current time step is calculated to determine the target snowmelt migration volume of the corresponding target snowmelt movement path, thereby achieving tracking of the snowmelt water volume of the current time step.

[0146] In an exemplary embodiment, the specific implementation process of the step of "determining the target snowmelt migration amount corresponding to each snowmelt movement path corresponding to the current time step based on the product of the water migration amount and the snowmelt ratio corresponding to the hydrological structure" may include:

[0147] Determine the product value of surface flow rate and the snowmelt proportion of the surface structure, which is the surface snowmelt flow rate corresponding to the second snowmelt movement path corresponding to the current time step; determine the product value of the i-th layer soil flow rate and the snowmelt proportion of the soil water in the corresponding soil layer, which is the soil snowmelt flow rate corresponding to the i-th third snowmelt movement path corresponding to the current time step; determine the product value of the groundwater flow rate and the snowmelt proportion of the underground aquifer, which is the target snowmelt migration amount or groundwater snowmelt flow rate corresponding to the underground aquifer corresponding to the current time step.

[0148] When the water content in the soil water within the soil structure meets saturation conditions, the soil structure is an underground aquifer. The total water migration volume includes at least the runoff from each hydrological structure layer. The runoff volume includes at least the surface runoff from surface water storage, the soil runoff from each soil structure layer, and the groundwater runoff from the underground aquifer. The target snowmelt migration volume includes at least the surface snowmelt runoff, the soil snowmelt runoff, and the groundwater snowmelt runoff.

[0149] Optionally, the surface snowmelt flow is the snowmelt runoff flow of the surface structure, the soil snowmelt flow is the snowmelt runoff flow of the soil structure, and the groundwater snowmelt flow is the snowmelt runoff flow of the underground aquifer.

[0150] Specifically, the terminal can perform runoff calculation based on a preset distributed hydrological model to obtain surface runoff, soil runoff of soil water in each layer of soil structure, and groundwater runoff of each underground aquifer. Assuming that snowmelt is evenly distributed in surface water, soil water, and groundwater, the terminal can calculate the contribution of snowmelt in different runoff forms, determine the product of surface runoff and the proportion of snowmelt water in surface water storage, which is the surface snowmelt runoff corresponding to the second snowmelt movement path corresponding to the current time step; determine the product of soil runoff and the proportion of snowmelt water in the soil water of the i-th layer of soil structure, which is the soil snowmelt runoff corresponding to the i-th third snowmelt movement path corresponding to the current time step; the terminal can determine the soil structure that meets the saturation condition, and determine the water content of each soil layer that meets the saturation condition as the water content of the underground aquifer, determine the sum of the snowmelt water of each soil layer that meets the saturation condition as the snowmelt water volume of the underground aquifer, determine the ratio of the snowmelt water volume of the underground aquifer to the water content of the underground aquifer as the snowmelt proportion of the underground aquifer; determine the product of groundwater runoff and the snowmelt proportion of the underground aquifer, which is the groundwater snowmelt runoff corresponding to the underground aquifer corresponding to the current time step. The specific expression for calculating the contribution of snowmelt in different runoff forms can be:

[0151]

[0152]

[0153]

[0154] Among them, Runoff sur,j is the surface runoff of the surface structure sur at the current time step j, RunoffW soil,i,j is the soil flow rate of the soil water in the i-th soil structure at the current time step j, RunoffW ground,j is the groundwater flow rate of the groundwater aquifer in the j-th layer of soil structure at the current time step j. ground,j RatioW is the groundwater snowmelt discharge of the underground aquifer ground in the soil structure at the current time step j. ground,j is the proportion of snowmelt in the underground aquifer ground in the soil structure at the current time step j.

[0155] The expression for calculating the snowmelt ratio of the underground aquifer can be:

[0156]

[0157]

[0158] Among them, W soil,n,j MeltW is the water content of the underground aquifer in the nth layer of soil structure at the current moment. soil,n,j is the amount of snowmelt water in the nth layer of soil structure at the current moment j, 0≤n≤N, N is a positive integer, and N is the number of underground aquifers in the soil structure.

[0159] In addition, the terminal can determine the total snowmelt runoff based on the sum of surface snowmelt flow, soil snowmelt flow, and groundwater snowmelt flow. The calculation formula for the total snowmelt runoff can be:

[0160]

[0161] Among them, Runoff snow is the total amount of snowmelt runoff at the current time step j.

[0162] Optionally, assuming that snowmelt is evenly distributed in each hydrological component, the terminal can calculate the corresponding snowmelt contribution or snowmelt migration of each aquifer structure based on the snowmelt ratio. Specifically, the terminal can determine the evapotranspiration of the canopy structure, the evapotranspiration of the surface structure, and the evapotranspiration of the soil water of each soil structure based on the preset distributed hydrological model, and determine the product of the evapotranspiration of the canopy structure and the snowmelt ratio of the canopy structure as the canopy snowmelt evaporation of the canopy structure; determine the product of the evapotranspiration of the surface structure and the snowmelt ratio of the surface structure as the surface snowmelt evaporation of the surface structure; determine the product of the evapotranspiration of the soil water of each soil structure and the snowmelt ratio of the soil water of each soil structure as the snowmelt evaporation of the soil water of each soil structure; the specific calculation formula for calculating the snowmelt evaporation of each hydrological structure can be:

[0163]

[0164]

[0165]

[0166] Among them, EvapW c,j is the canopy snowmelt evaporation at the current time step j, EvapW sur,j is the surface snowmelt evaporation at the current time step j; EvapW soil,i,j is the number of the current time step j Evaporation of snowmelt in the soil layer; Evap c,j is the evapotranspiration of the canopy structure at the current time step j, Evap sur,j is the evapotranspiration of surface water at the current time step j, Evap soil,i,j is the evapotranspiration of soil water of each soil structure at the current time step j.

[0167] The terminal can determine the infiltration rate of surface water into the surface soil based on the preset distributed hydrological model, and determine the surface snowmelt infiltration rate as the product of the infiltration rate and the snowmelt ratio of the surface structure. The specific expression of the surface snowmelt infiltration rate at the current time step j can be:

[0168]

[0169] Among them, InfW sur,j is the surface snowmelt infiltration at the current time step j, Inf sur,j is the infiltration amount of surface water into the surface soil at the current time step j.

[0170] The terminal can determine the soil water exchange amount between the i-th layer and the i+1-th layer of soil based on the preset distributed hydrological model, and determine the relationship between the soil water exchange amount between the i-th layer of soil and the i+1-th layer of soil and 0. If the soil water exchange amount between the i-th layer of soil and the i+1-th layer of soil is greater than 0, then the product value of the soil water exchange amount between the i-th layer and the i+1-th layer of soil and the snowmelt ratio of the soil water in the i-th layer of soil structure is determined as the snowmelt exchange amount in the soil water between the i-th layer and the i+1-th layer; if the soil water exchange amount between the i-th layer of soil and the i+1-th layer of soil is less than 0, then the soil water exchange amount between the i-th layer and the i+1-th layer of soil is determined as the snowmelt exchange amount in the soil water between the i-th layer and the i+1-th layer of soil structure; The product of the soil water exchange between the i-th layer and the i+1-th layer and the snowmelt ratio of the soil water in the i+1-th soil structure is determined as the snowmelt exchange between the i-th layer and the i+1-th layer. The specific expression of the snowmelt exchange in the soil water at the current time step j can be:

[0171]

[0172]

[0173] Among them, InfW soil,i,j Inf is the amount of snowmelt exchange between the i-th layer and the i+1-th layer of soil water at the current time step j; soil,i,j is the soil water exchange between the i-th layer and the i+1-th layer of soil at the current time step j, Indicates that soil water infiltrates from the i-th layer to the i+1-th layer, Indicates that the direction of soil water movement is from the i+1th layer to the ith layer; since the model presets the number of soil layers to be N and the lower boundary of the bottom soil is an impermeable boundary, the soil water in the Nth layer will not infiltrate, that is, .

[0174] The terminal can determine the conversion amount of soil water and soil ice in the i-th soil structure based on a preset distributed hydrological model. When the conversion amount is greater than 0, it indicates that the soil water is frozen, and the product of the conversion amount and the snowmelt ratio of the soil water in the i-th soil structure is determined as the snowmelt refreezing amount. When the conversion amount is less than 0, it indicates that the soil ice is melted, and the product of the conversion amount and the snowmelt ratio of the soil ice in the i-th soil structure is determined as the frozen snowmelt melting amount. The specific expression of the snowmelt refreezing amount or melting amount can be:

[0175]

[0176] in, is the amount of snowmelt, refreezing or melting of soil water in the i-th layer of soil structure at the current time step j. is the current time step j The amount of conversion between soil water and soil ice, Indicates that soil water freezes into soil ice, Indicates that soil ice melts into soil water. The units of the above variables are all millimeters (mm). The units are millimeters (mm).

[0177] In addition, the terminal can calculate the contribution of snowmelt in each hydrological structure at any time step based on the above embodiment.

[0178] In this example, the snowmelt flow rate and its contribution to total runoff are calculated by simulating snowfall, snow accumulation and melting, and runoff generation and confluence. Furthermore, the target snowmelt migration volume for the corresponding target snowmelt movement path is determined based on the snowmelt flow volume at the current time step, enabling tracking of the snowmelt flow volume at the current time step.

[0179] In one example, Figure 3 As shown in Figure 2, the quantitative analysis method of snowmelt runoff based on the distributed hydrological model can specifically include the following steps:

[0180] Step 301: Construct a preset distributed hydrological model.

[0181] Step 302, rain and snow classification: Based on precipitation, temperature and air pressure data, use the wet-bulb temperature method to calculate the proportion of snow in precipitation, and classify precipitation into rain and snow.

[0182] Step 303, simulation of snow accumulation and melting process: simulate the dynamic process of snow accumulation based on the preset mass balance equation and the preset energy transfer equation, and simulate the radiation energy transfer and melting process in the surface snow in layers.

[0183] Step 304: Snowmelt Marking and Tracking: After snow melts in the canopy and ground surface structures, the amount of snowmelt water in each hydrological component is tracked by dynamically updating the amount of snowmelt water in the canopy, ground surface, and soil, taking into account processes such as snowmelt evaporation, infiltration, refreezing, and vegetation transpiration.

[0184] Step 305: Quantify the contribution of snowmelt runoff to river runoff: Implement snowmelt migration calculations based on the distributed hydrological model, quantify the contribution of snowmelt runoff in different runoff components, quantify the total amount of snowmelt runoff at the basin outlet and its contribution ratio to the total runoff based on the confluence calculation results, and return to step 302 to analyze the next time step.

[0185] In this embodiment, simulation calculations are performed based on a distributed model, the snowmelt content in each grid hydrological component is updated in real time, and the runoff generation and confluence modules are coupled to calculate the total amount of snowmelt contributed to river runoff through different runoff generation modes.

[0186] In one embodiment, a simulation of a river headwaters region was conducted based on the snowmelt runoff quantitative analysis method provided in the above embodiment to demonstrate the applicability of the method. Daily runoff and daily precipitation (CGDPA) products from a designated regional hydrological station for a specified year, along with a daily meteorological data dataset for the river headwaters region provided by the Meteorological Bureau, were used. The method described in the above embodiment simulated the daily runoff and runoff process in the river headwaters region for the specified year and calculated the contribution of snowmelt to runoff in the river headwaters region for the specified year. The average runoff depth in the river headwaters region for the specified year was 259.4 mm, the runoff depth contributed by snowmelt for the specified year was 43.3 mm, and the snowmelt runoff accounted for 16.7% of the total runoff. The contribution of snowmelt runoff was analyzed for each month of the specified year. The simulation results show that the annual distribution of snowmelt runoff and the snowmelt runoff percentage exhibits a bimodal structure. Snowmelt runoff is highest in June, July, and October, and the snowmelt runoff contribution to the total runoff in April, May, June, and October exceeds 20%. It should be understood that this is only for illustration and does not constitute a specific limitation.

[0187] It should be understood that, although the various steps in the flowcharts involved in the various embodiments described above are displayed in sequence according to the instructions of the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in sequence in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and these steps can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in the flowcharts involved in the various embodiments described above can include multiple steps or multiple stages, and these steps or stages are not necessarily executed and completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and the execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily to be carried out in sequence, but can be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of steps or stages in other steps.

[0188] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present application also provide a distributed hydrological model-based permafrost runoff quantitative analysis device for implementing the aforementioned distributed hydrological model-based permafrost runoff quantitative analysis method. The solution provided by this device is similar to the solution described in the aforementioned method. Therefore, the specific limitations of one or more embodiments of the snowmelt runoff quantitative analysis device provided below can be found in the aforementioned limitations of the distributed hydrological model-based snowmelt runoff quantitative analysis method and will not be further elaborated here.

[0189] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, a device 40 for quantitative analysis of permafrost meltwater runoff based on a distributed hydrological model is provided, comprising: a first determination module 41, a second determination module 42 and a third determination module 43, wherein:

[0190] A first determination module 41 is configured to determine the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at a current moment based on a preset distributed hydrological model, a preset hydrological cycle process, and target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure of the sub-basin;

[0191] The second determining module 42 is configured to determine the snowmelt migration amount of each target snowmelt movement path at the current time step based on the snowmelt water volume, where the snowmelt migration amount at least includes the snowmelt runoff abortion flow;

[0192] The third determination module 43 is configured to determine the total snowmelt runoff of each hydrological structure in the current time step based on the snowmelt runoff flow corresponding to each target snowmelt movement path.

[0193] In one embodiment, the first determination module 41 is specifically used to determine the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure at the current moment based on the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure in the sub-basin at the previous moment and the snowmelt parameters of the target snowmelt movement path corresponding to each hydrological structure at the current time step, where the snowmelt parameters include snowmelt contribution and / or snowmelt migration.

[0194] In one embodiment, the first determination module 41 is specifically used to determine, for each target snowmelt movement path, the sum of the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the previous moment and the snowmelt contribution of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step, and determine the difference between the sum and the snowmelt migration amount of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step as the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the current moment; and / or, determine the sum of the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the previous moment and the snowmelt contribution of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step as the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the current moment; and / or, determine the difference between the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the previous moment and the snowmelt migration amount of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step as the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the current moment.

[0195] In one embodiment, the hydrological structure of each sub-basin includes at least a canopy structure, a surface structure and a multi-layer soil structure, and each layer of soil structure includes at least soil water and / or soil ice; the target snowmelt movement path includes one or more of a first snowmelt movement path of the canopy structure, a second snowmelt movement path of the surface structure, a third snowmelt movement path of the soil water of each layer of soil structure, and a fourth snowmelt movement path of the soil ice.

[0196] In one embodiment, for the first snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt contribution is the amount of snowmelt water in the canopy structure, and the snowmelt migration amount includes the canopy snowmelt evaporation of the canopy structure and the surface water storage converted from snowmelt in the canopy structure;

[0197] For the second snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt contribution includes the snowmelt water volume of surface snow in the surface structure and the surface water storage volume converted from snowmelt in the canopy structure. The snowmelt migration volume includes the surface snowmelt evaporation volume, surface snowmelt infiltration volume and surface snowmelt runoff volume.

[0198] For the i-th third snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt water volume is the snowmelt water volume of the soil water in the i-th soil structure. The snowmelt contribution includes the snowmelt exchange volume between the soil water in the i-th and i-1-th soil structures and the melting volume of frozen snowmelt of soil ice in the i-th soil structure. The snowmelt migration volume includes the snowmelt exchange volume between the soil water in the i-th and i+1-th soil structures, the snowmelt evaporation volume of the soil water in the i-th soil structure, the snowmelt refreezing volume in the soil water in the i-th soil structure, and the snowmelt flow rate of the soil water in the i-th soil structure, where 0 < i ≤ N, i is the number of layers of the multi-layer soil structure, and i is a positive integer.

[0199] For the i-th fourth snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt water volume is the amount of snowmelt water frozen in the soil ice of the i-th soil structure, the snowmelt contribution volume includes the amount of snowmelt refreezing in the soil water of the i-th soil structure, and the snowmelt migration volume includes the amount of frozen snowmelt in the soil ice of the i-th soil structure.

[0200] In one embodiment, the first determining module 41 is further configured to determine the proportion of snowfall in the precipitation at each time step based on the external environment data;

[0201] Determine the snow layer temperature and meltwater flux of the surface structure based on the snowfall fraction, the preset mass balance equation, and the preset energy balance equation; the meltwater flux is the outflow of meltwater from the snow in the surface structure to the surface;

[0202] Determine the amount of meltwater from the surface snowpack at each time step based on the snowpack temperature and meltwater flux.

[0203] In one embodiment, the second determining module 42 is specifically configured to determine a ratio of the amount of snowmelt water in each snowmelt movement path at the current time step to the water content of the corresponding hydrological structure, and determine the ratio as the snowmelt proportion of each hydrological structure;

[0204] Determine the water migration amount of each hydrological structure, and based on the product value of the water migration amount and the snowmelt ratio corresponding to the hydrological structure, determine the target snowmelt migration amount corresponding to each target snowmelt movement path corresponding to the current time step.

[0205] In one embodiment, the second determining module 42 is specifically configured to determine a product value of the surface runoff and the proportion of snowmelt in the total water storage capacity of the surface structure, which is the surface snowmelt runoff corresponding to the second snowmelt movement path corresponding to the current time step;

[0206] Determine the product of soil flow rate and the snowmelt ratio of soil water in the i-th soil structure, which is the soil snowmelt flow rate corresponding to the i-th third snowmelt movement path corresponding to the current time step;

[0207] Determine the product of groundwater flow and the percentage of snowmelt in the underground aquifer, which is the groundwater snowmelt flow corresponding to the underground aquifer corresponding to the current time step.

[0208] Each module in the above-mentioned device for quantitative analysis of permafrost meltwater runoff based on a distributed hydrological model can be implemented in whole or in part through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. Each module can be embedded in or independent of a processor in a computer device in the form of hardware, or can be stored in the form of software in a memory in the computer device, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0209] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided. The computer device may be a terminal, and its internal structure diagram may be as shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown. The computer device includes a processor, memory, an input / output interface, a communication interface, a display unit, and an input device. The processor, memory, and input / output interface are connected via a system bus, and the communication interface, display unit, and input device are connected to the system bus via the input / output interface. The processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The input / output interface of the computer device is used to exchange information between the processor and external devices. The communication interface of the computer device is used to communicate with external terminals via wired or wireless means, and the wireless means can be implemented via Wi-Fi, mobile cellular networks, near-field communication (NFC), or other technologies. When executed by the processor, the computer program implements a method for quantitative analysis of snowmelt runoff. The display unit of the computer device is used to produce a visually visible image and can be a display screen, a projection device, or a virtual reality imaging device. The display screen can be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen, and the input device of the computer device can be a touch layer covering the display screen, or a button, trackball or touchpad set on the computer device casing, or an external keyboard, touchpad or mouse.

[0210] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 5The structure shown in the figure is only a block diagram of a part of the structure related to the solution of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the solution of the present application is applied. The specific computer device may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have a different component arrangement.

[0211] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the steps in the above method embodiments when executing the computer program.

[0212] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in the above-mentioned method embodiments are implemented.

[0213] In one embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program, which implements the steps in the above method embodiments when executed by a processor.

[0214] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of relevant data must comply with relevant regulations.

[0215] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiments can be implemented by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. In particular, any reference to memory, database, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile memory and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take various forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM). The databases involved in the various embodiments provided herein may include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, blockchain-based distributed databases. The processors involved in the various embodiments provided herein may be, but are not limited to, general-purpose processors, central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, artificial intelligence (AI) processors, and the like.

[0216] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this application.

[0217] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, and these modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A quantitative analysis method for snowmelt runoff based on a distributed hydrological model, characterized in that: The method comprises: Determine the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at the current moment based on a preset distributed hydrological model, a preset hydrological cycle process, and target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure of the sub-basin; Based on the snowmelt water volume, determining the snowmelt migration volume of each target snowmelt movement path at the current time step, wherein the snowmelt migration volume at least includes the snowmelt runoff abortion flow; Based on the snowmelt runoff flow corresponding to each of the target snowmelt movement paths, the total snowmelt runoff volume of each of the hydrological structures at the current time step is determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of determining the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at a current moment based on the preset distributed hydrological model, the preset hydrological cycle process, and the target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure of the sub-basin includes: Based on the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure in the sub-basin at the previous moment and the snowmelt parameters of the target snowmelt movement path corresponding to each hydrological structure at the current time step, the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure at the current moment is determined, and the snowmelt parameters include snowmelt contribution and / or snowmelt migration.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The determining of the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure at the current moment based on the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure in the sub-basin at the previous moment and the snowmelt parameters of the target snowmelt movement path corresponding to each hydrological structure at the current time step includes: For each target snowmelt movement path, determining the sum of the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the previous moment and the snowmelt contribution of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step, and determining the difference between the sum and the snowmelt migration volume of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step as the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the current moment; and / or, The sum of the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the previous moment and the snowmelt contribution of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step is determined as the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the current moment; and / or, The difference between the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the previous moment and the snowmelt migration volume of the target snowmelt movement path at the current time step is determined as the snowmelt water volume of the hydrological structure at the current moment.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The hydrological structure of each sub-basin includes at least a canopy structure, a surface structure and a multi-layer soil structure, and each layer of the soil structure includes at least soil water and / or soil ice; the target snowmelt movement path includes one or more of a first snowmelt movement path of the canopy structure, a second snowmelt movement path of the surface structure, a third snowmelt movement path of the soil water of each layer of the soil structure, and a fourth snowmelt movement path of the soil ice.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that For the first snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt contribution is the amount of snowmelt water in the canopy structure, and the snowmelt migration amount includes the canopy snowmelt evaporation of the canopy structure and the surface water storage converted from snowmelt in the canopy structure; For the second snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt contribution includes the amount of snowmelt water from the surface snow in the surface structure and the surface water storage converted from snowmelt in the canopy structure; the snowmelt migration amount includes the amount of surface snowmelt evaporation, the amount of surface snowmelt infiltration, and the amount of surface snowmelt runoff; For the i-th third snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt water volume is the snowmelt water volume of the soil water in the i-th soil structure, the snowmelt contribution volume includes the snowmelt exchange volume between the soil water in the i-th soil structure and the i-1-th soil structure, and the melting volume of frozen snowmelt of soil ice in the i-th soil structure, the snowmelt migration volume includes the snowmelt exchange volume between the soil water in the i-th soil structure and the i+1-th soil structure, the snowmelt evaporation volume of the soil water in the i-th soil structure, the snowmelt refreezing volume in the soil water in the i-th soil structure, and the snowmelt flow rate of the soil water in the i-th soil structure, wherein 0<i≤N, i is the number of layers of the multi-layer soil structure, and i is a positive integer; For the i-th fourth snowmelt movement path, the snowmelt water volume is the amount of snowmelt water frozen in the soil ice of the i-th soil structure, the snowmelt contribution volume includes the amount of snowmelt refreezing in the soil water of the i-th soil structure, and the snowmelt migration volume includes the amount of frozen snowmelt in the soil ice of the i-th soil structure.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The method further comprises: Based on external environmental data, determine the proportion of snowfall in precipitation at each time step; Determining a snow layer temperature and a meltwater flux of the surface structure based on the snowfall percentage, a preset mass balance equation, and a preset energy balance equation; the meltwater flux is the outflow flux of meltwater flowing from the snow in the surface structure to the surface; The amount of meltwater of the surface snow at each time step is determined based on the snow layer temperature and the meltwater flux.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that Determining the snowmelt migration amount of the current time step of each target snowmelt movement path based on the snowmelt water volume includes: Determine the ratio of the amount of snowmelt water in each of the snowmelt movement paths at the current time step to the water content of the corresponding hydrological structure, and determine the ratio as the snowmelt proportion of each of the hydrological structures; Determine the water migration amount of each hydrological structure, and determine the target snowmelt migration amount corresponding to each target snowmelt movement path corresponding to the current time step based on the product value of the water migration amount and the snowmelt proportion corresponding to the hydrological structure.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that When the water content in the soil water in the soil structure meets the saturation condition, the soil structure is an underground aquifer, the water migration amount includes at least the runoff flow of each layer of the hydrological structure, the runoff flow includes at least the surface flow of the surface structure, the soil flow of the soil water of each layer of the soil structure, and the groundwater flow of each underground aquifer, the target snowmelt migration amount includes at least the surface snowmelt flow, the soil snowmelt flow, and the groundwater snowmelt flow, and the target snowmelt migration amount corresponding to each target snowmelt movement path corresponding to the current time step is determined based on the product value of the water migration amount and the snowmelt proportion corresponding to the hydrological structure, including: Determine a product value of the surface runoff and the proportion of snowmelt in the total water storage capacity of the surface structure as the surface snowmelt runoff corresponding to the second snowmelt movement path corresponding to the current time step; Determine the product of the soil flow rate and the snowmelt ratio of the soil water in the i-th soil structure as the soil snowmelt flow rate corresponding to the i-th third snowmelt movement path corresponding to the current time step; The product value of the groundwater flow rate and the snowmelt ratio of the underground aquifer is determined as the groundwater snowmelt flow rate corresponding to the underground aquifer corresponding to the current time step.

9. A device for quantitative analysis of permafrost meltwater runoff based on a distributed hydrological model, characterized in that: The device comprises: A first determination module is configured to determine the snowmelt water volume of each hydrological structure of each target snowmelt movement path at a current moment based on a preset distributed hydrological model, a preset hydrological cycle process, and target snowmelt movement paths corresponding to each hydrological structure of the sub-basin; A second determining module is configured to determine, based on the snowmelt water volume, a snowmelt migration volume of each target snowmelt movement path at a current time step, wherein the snowmelt migration volume at least includes a snowmelt runoff abortion flow; The third determination module is used to determine the total amount of snowmelt runoff of each hydrological structure at the current time step based on the snowmelt runoff flow corresponding to each target snowmelt movement path.

10. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 are implemented.

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