A numerical simulation method and system for mechanical characteristics of an escape system under rockfall impact

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and system for numerically simulating the mechanical characteristics of an escape system under rockfall impact, which relates to the field of numerical simulation technology. The specific steps include: building a coupled finite element model; simulating two working conditions, collecting rockfall parameter combinations, and obtaining mechanical characteristic parameters and space reduction; selecting the impact frame working condition as the benchmark working condition, combining parameter sensitivity and correlation analysis, selecting the main control parameters, dividing the deformation intervals, and calculating the remaining escape space and retention rate in each interval; extracting the pipeline impact force peak as the limit benchmark for the impact pipeline working condition, calculating the safety redundancy coefficient and the minimum buffer space of each interval for extreme impact, and judging whether the escape system meets the safety bottom line based on the value and the interval. The present invention establishes a correlation between rockfall parameters and the mechanical response and spatial variation of the system, realizes a quantitative assessment of the safety state under extreme impact, and provides an accurate basis for the structural optimization, safety redundancy design, and buffer space configuration of the escape system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of numerical simulation technology, and in particular to a method and system for numerically simulating mechanical characteristics of an escape system under rockfall impact. Background Art

[0002] In mountainous areas prone to mineral mining, highway tunnel construction, and geological disasters, sudden rockfalls pose a significant threat to personnel safety. When a disaster strikes, escape systems (such as emergency escape ducts and protective frames) serve as a crucial barrier for trapped personnel awaiting rescue. Their structural stability and ability to maintain space directly determine their chances of survival. For example, when a sudden slope collapse occurs at an underground mine, falling rocks can directly impact the escape duct or its supporting frame, causing deformation, joint compression, or even structural fracture. If the internal space of the duct is severely compressed (e.g., a deflection exceeding 20 cm), personnel can be trapped and unable to move, potentially preventing rescue efforts.

[0003] In the prior art, there is a method for calculating the impact load of falling rocks, its electronic equipment and its system with publication number CN115795950A, which includes the following steps: obtaining topographic data and identifying the location of falling rocks; obtaining relevant parameters of the falling rocks and the top backfill layer that affect the falling impact load, and obtaining the rockfall parameters that affect the falling impact load, the rockfall parameters including the shape of the falling rocks, the mass of the falling rocks and the falling height of the falling rocks; according to the relevant parameters, the rockfall impact load equation under ideal conditions is brought in to obtain the rockfall impact load under ideal conditions; and according to the relevant parameters, the influence coefficient of the actual working condition relative to the ideal condition is determined; according to the rockfall impact load and the influence coefficient under ideal conditions, the rockfall impact load under actual working conditions is obtained.

[0004] It can be seen from the above-mentioned existing technologies that there are still the following deficiencies: the existing technologies do not further analyze the deformation form of the structure, internal space changes and other derivative results after the load is applied. They only complete the "load size calculation" but do not extend to the "specific impact of the load on the escape system". The analysis of the "load-effect" chain is broken, resulting in the inability to quantitatively evaluate the safety status of the escape system under extreme impact. It neither analyzes the differences in the mechanical responses of the escape system under different loads, nor does it correlate the dynamic relationship between load and spatial changes. As a result, it is impossible to answer the core question of the escape system: "Will this load squeeze the living space?"

[0005] The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the present disclosure and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for numerical simulation of the mechanical characteristics of an escape system under rockfall impact, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A numerical simulation method for mechanical characteristics of an escape system under rockfall impact, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1. Build a coupled finite element model of the escape system and the rockfall impact source, including the escape duct, frame, interface buffer layer, and duct-foundation constraint structure;

[0010] S2. Model-based simulations of two operating conditions: a rockfall directly impacting the escape duct and another impacting the frame. Parameter combinations of different rockfall mass, shape, impact location, and drop height were collected. Impact simulations were then performed for both operating conditions using the same rockfall mass, shape, height, and corresponding impact location. The dynamic responses were recorded and mechanical characteristic parameters extracted. The space reduction achieved for each parameter combination was simultaneously calculated.

[0011] Mechanical characteristic parameters include maximum pipe deflection, maximum frame stress, peak pipe impact force, and peak frame impact force;

[0012] S3. Based on the mechanical characteristic parameters under the two working conditions, select the impact frame working condition as the baseline working condition;

[0013] S4. Introduce parameter sensitivity and correlation analysis on the mechanical characteristic parameters of the baseline working condition, use the escape space retention rate as an indicator to select the peak impact force of the frame as the main control parameter, divide the deformation intervals into different ranges according to the degree of deformation, and calculate the remaining escape space and retention rate in each deformation interval;

[0014] S5. For impact escape pipeline conditions, extract the peak impact force of the pipeline, divide the corresponding limit benchmark according to the deformation range of the baseline condition, calculate the ratio of the main control parameters of each deformation range of the baseline condition to the corresponding limit benchmark, and obtain the safety redundancy coefficient. Combined with the remaining amount and retention rate of the escape space, the minimum buffer space for each deformation range against extreme impact is obtained. Based on the value and the range in which it is located, determine whether the escape system meets the extreme impact safety bottom line.

[0015] Furthermore, the weight of falling rocks is set in five gradients: 50kg, 100kg, 200kg, 500kg, and 1000kg; the shape of falling rocks is: sphere with a curvature radius of 0.5m, cube with a side length of 1.0m; the end of the pipe close to the impact source of the falling rocks is taken as the reference end, and the impact position is the distance from the reference end of the escape pipe. There are five impact points at the impact position: 1m, 3m, 5m, 7m, and 9m, which are distributed along the axial direction of the pipe respectively. Among them, the impact point of the impact pipe working condition is located on the outer surface of the pipe, and the impact point of the impact frame working condition is located at the midpoint of the frame beam; the falling height is set in four levels: 5m, 10m, 15m, and 20m.

[0016] Furthermore, the specific steps of S3 are as follows:

[0017] For all combination parameters, the peak impact force on the pipe and the peak impact force on the frame are obtained respectively under two working conditions: the falling rock directly impacts the escape pipe and the impact on the frame.

[0018] Statistical analysis of the peak impact forces on the pipeline and the frame under the same combination of parameters for the two working conditions showed that the mean and standard deviation of the peak impact forces on the pipeline under the working condition of impacting the pipeline were higher than those on the frame under the working condition of impacting the frame, indicating that the impact intensity of the impacting pipeline working condition was high, but the stability of the mechanical response was poor.

[0019] Analysis of the relationship between parameters under the two operating conditions revealed that, in the pipe impact condition, the maximum pipe deflection was strongly positively correlated with the peak impact force, and the deflection increase increased nonlinearly with increasing impact force. In the frame impact condition, however, the maximum frame stress was linearly positively correlated with the peak impact force, with a stable stress increase. Furthermore, the structural risk associated with this increase was significantly lower than the spatial extrusion risk associated with the pipe deflection increase. This linear and stable mechanical response met the requirements of the baseline operating condition.

[0020] Among more than 70% of the combined parameters, the frame impact force under the impact frame condition has the lowest peak value and the smallest fluctuation, and the pipeline deflection is at a low level. Overall, the impact frame condition meets the screening conditions of the benchmark condition, so it is selected as the benchmark condition.

[0021] Furthermore, parameter sensitivity and correlation analysis were introduced into the mechanical characteristic parameters of the benchmark working condition, and the peak value of the frame impact force was selected as the main control parameter based on the escape space retention rate. The specific steps are as follows:

[0022] Using the control variable method, we fixed other parameters and changed a single mechanical parameter to calculate the rate of change of the escape space retention rate. The results showed that the peak value of the frame impact force had the most significant impact on the escape space retention rate, that is, the sensitivity coefficient was the highest.

[0023] The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to calculate the linear correlation between each mechanical characteristic parameter and the escape space retention rate. The results showed that the peak value of the frame impact force had the strongest correlation with the escape space retention rate.

[0024] Through comprehensive sensitivity and correlation analysis, the peak value of the frame impact force is selected as the main control parameter of the benchmark working condition.

[0025] Furthermore, different deformation intervals are divided according to the degree of deformation. The specific steps are as follows:

[0026] Based on the degree of deformation of the pipeline in the benchmark working condition, the deformation degree is divided into three levels: mild deformation, moderate deformation, and severe deformation;

[0027] From the impact simulation results of all combined parameters of the benchmark working condition, samples belonging to the mild, moderate, and severe deformation intervals are screened out according to the determined frame impact force peak range, and the number of samples in each deformation interval is recorded.

[0028] For each sample in the deformation interval, the corresponding space reduction is extracted. The space reduction and the initial space volume of the escape duct are used to calculate the remaining escape space in each deformation interval. The formula is as follows:

[0029] ;

[0030] in, For the The remaining escape space of the deformation interval, is the initial space volume of the escape duct, For the deformation interval, The space reduction of samples is For the The index of the deformation interval sample, , For the The number of deformation interval samples, is the index of the deformation interval, , Corresponding to mild deformation, moderate deformation, and severe deformation respectively;

[0031] The retention rate of each deformation interval is calculated based on the following formula:

[0032] ;

[0033] in, For the The retention rate of the deformation interval.

[0034] Furthermore, for the impact escape pipeline working condition, the pipeline impact force peak is extracted and the corresponding limit benchmark is divided according to the deformation range of the benchmark working condition. The specific steps are as follows:

[0035] Taking the peak impact force range of the frame under the baseline working condition as a reference, the pipeline impact force peak values ​​within the error range of the peak impact force of the frame under the baseline working condition are selected from the simulation results of the impact pipe working condition, so that the two working conditions form a one-to-one correspondence in the impact force peak values.

[0036] Following the deformation interval division logic of the benchmark working condition, the pipeline impact force peaks screened out in the impact pipeline working condition are classified according to the three-level deformation interval range of the benchmark working condition, forming three corresponding intervals of the impact pipeline working condition;

[0037] For each corresponding interval, the peak value of the pipeline impact force within the interval in the impact pipeline working condition is defined as the limit benchmark, that is:

[0038] The limit benchmark for the mild deformation range is the peak value of the pipeline impact force within the range of the frame impact force peak value in the mild deformation range of the benchmark working condition, expanded by 5% error, in the impact pipe working condition.

[0039] The limit benchmark for the moderate deformation range is the peak value of the pipeline impact force within the range of the frame impact force peak value in the moderate deformation range of the benchmark working condition, expanded by 5% error, in the impact pipe working condition.

[0040] The limit benchmark for the severe deformation range is the peak value of the pipeline impact force within the range obtained after the framework impact force peak range in the severe deformation range of the benchmark working condition is expanded by 5% error in the impact pipeline working condition.

[0041] Furthermore, the ratio of the main control parameters of each deformation interval under the baseline working condition to the corresponding limit benchmark is calculated to obtain the safety redundancy coefficient. Combined with the remaining escape space and the retention rate, the minimum buffer space of each deformation interval against extreme impact is obtained. The formula is as follows:

[0042] ;

[0043] ;

[0044] in, For the The safety redundancy factor of the deformation interval is Under the baseline condition, The peak impact force of the frame in each deformation interval, For impact pipeline conditions The peak value of pipeline impact force in the extreme reference interval corresponding to each deformation interval is: For the The minimum buffer space of each deformation range against extreme impact.

[0045] Furthermore, based on the minimum buffer space and the corresponding deformation range, it is determined whether the escape system meets the safety bottom line under extreme impact. The specific steps are as follows:

[0046] Based on the minimum living space requirements of adults in extreme environments in ergonomics and the risk level differences in different deformation intervals, the threshold of the minimum buffer space for each deformation interval is set;

[0047] Determine the interval where the minimum buffer space is located from the minimum buffer space data of the three deformation intervals of mild, moderate and severe deformation;

[0048] 1) If the minimum buffer space is in the slightly deformed range, the threshold is :

[0049] Since it corresponds to the lowest risk level, it cannot represent the safety performance of the escape system in a higher risk range. Therefore, regardless of whether the minimum buffer space is ≥ the threshold , it is impossible to determine that the system meets the extreme impact safety bottom line;

[0050] 2) If the minimum buffer space is in the moderate deformation range, the threshold is :

[0051] When the minimum buffer space ≥ threshold When the minimum buffer space of the severe deformation interval is less than the threshold , indicating that the escape system does not meet the extreme impact safety bottom line; if the minimum buffer space in the severe deformation interval ≥ threshold , indicating that the buffering in the moderate deformation interval is sufficient and the most dangerous severe interval can also meet the safety requirements, and the escape system meets the extreme impact safety bottom line;

[0052] When the minimum buffer space < threshold When , it indicates that the escape system has safety hazards under medium-risk impact and does not meet the safety bottom line of extreme impact;

[0053] 3) If the minimum buffer space is in the severe deformation range, the threshold is :

[0054] When the minimum buffer space ≥ threshold When the value is 0, it indicates that the escape system can still provide sufficient buffering under the most dangerous extreme impact, meeting the safety bottom line under extreme impact;

[0055] When the minimum buffer space < threshold When , it indicates that the escape system does not meet the safety bottom line;

[0056] in, .

[0057] A numerical simulation system for mechanical characteristics of an escape system under rockfall impact, the system being used to execute any of the above-mentioned numerical simulation methods for mechanical characteristics of an escape system under rockfall impact, comprising:

[0058] Model building module, used to build a coupled finite element model of the escape system and the rockfall impact source, including the escape pipe, frame, interface buffer layer and pipe-foundation constraint structure;

[0059] The simulation module is used to simulate two working conditions based on the model: falling rocks directly impacting the escape duct and impacting the frame. The module collects the combined parameters of different falling rock masses, shapes, impact locations, and drop heights. The module then simulates the impact of the two working conditions based on the same falling rock mass, shape, height, and corresponding impact location. The module records the dynamic response and extracts the mechanical characteristic parameters, and simultaneously obtains the space reduction under each combined parameter.

[0060] Mechanical characteristic parameters include maximum pipe deflection, maximum frame stress, peak pipe impact force, and peak frame impact force;

[0061] A screening module is used to select the impact frame working condition as the reference working condition based on the mechanical characteristic parameters under the two working conditions;

[0062] The data calculation module is used to introduce parameter sensitivity and correlation analysis to the mechanical characteristic parameters of the benchmark working condition, select the peak value of the frame impact force as the main control parameter based on the escape space retention rate, divide the deformation intervals into different intervals according to the degree of deformation, and calculate the remaining amount and retention rate of the escape space in each deformation interval;

[0063] The judgment module is used to extract the peak impact force of the pipeline under impact escape conditions, divide the corresponding limit benchmark according to the deformation interval of the benchmark working condition, calculate the ratio of the main control parameters of each deformation interval of the benchmark working condition to the corresponding limit benchmark, obtain the safety redundancy coefficient, and combine the remaining amount and retention rate of the escape space to obtain the minimum buffer space of each deformation interval for extreme impact. Based on its value and the interval it is located in, it is judged whether the escape system meets the extreme impact safety bottom line.

[0064] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0065] The present invention builds a coupled finite element model that includes the escape pipe, frame, interface buffer layer, and pipe-foundation constraint structure, incorporating the synergistic effects of multiple components of the system. It then simulates two working conditions: falling rocks directly impacting the pipe and impacting the frame. The dynamic response and mechanical characteristic parameters are simultaneously recorded, and the structural deformation morphology and internal spatial change data after the load are directly obtained. The relationship between the rockfall combination parameters and the mechanical response and spatial change of the escape system is established, clarifying the differences in the mechanical response of the system under different loads. This completes the load-effect chain, extending the process from load calculation to analysis of specific effects, thus filling the gap in the analysis of derivative results.

[0066] By synchronously recording the mechanical characteristic parameters and space reduction, combined with the calculated escape space remaining amount and retention rate, a dynamic correlation between load and space change is directly established, which can accurately determine whether the load will squeeze the living space; at the same time, by using the escape space retention rate as an indicator to screen the main control parameters, divide the deformation interval, calculate the safety redundancy coefficient and the minimum buffer space, a quantitative assessment of the system safety status under extreme impact is achieved, and the safety redundancy and buffer requirements of each interval are clarified, providing an accurate basis for the structural optimization, safety redundancy design and buffer space configuration of the escape system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0067] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall method flow of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 2 It is a block diagram of the module composition of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fitting of the remaining escape space and the minimum buffer space of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fitting of the safety redundancy coefficient and the minimum buffer space of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 5 This is a fitting diagram of the retention rate and the minimum buffer space of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0073] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the present invention should have the usual meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative position relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative position relationship may also change accordingly.

[0074] Example 1:

[0075] See also Figure 1-Figure 5 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0076] A numerical simulation method for mechanical characteristics of an escape system under rockfall impact, comprising the following steps:

[0077] S1. Build a coupled finite element model of the escape system and the rockfall impact source, including the escape duct, frame, interface buffer layer, and duct-foundation constraint structure;

[0078] On the basis of the above, it should be noted that:

[0079] The specific steps of step S1 are as follows:

[0080] 1) Material parameter definition

[0081] The escape pipe is a high-density polyethylene pipe, and the frame is a fiberglass frame. The high-density polyethylene pipe adopts an elastic-plastic model with an elastic modulus of 1.0GPa, a Poisson's ratio of 0.38, a density of 960kg / m3, and a yield stress of 21MPa; the fiberglass adopts an elastic-plastic model with an elastic modulus of 40GPa, a Poisson's ratio of 0.3, a density of 1800kg / m3, and a yield strength of 500MPa; the rockfall material is a linear elastic material with an elastic modulus of 25GPa, a Poisson's ratio of 0.25, and a density of 2500kg / m3; the interface buffer layer has an elastic modulus of 0.01GPa-0.05GPa, a Poisson's ratio of 0.49, and a density of : 1100kg / m³-1200kg / m³, shear modulus: 0.003GPa-0.017GPa, yield stress: 0.05MPa-0.1MPa; foundation soil, using the elastic-plastic model, elastic modulus: 10MPa-50MPa, Poisson's ratio: 0.35-0.45, density: 1800kg / m³-2000kg / m³, internal friction angle: 15°-25°, cohesion: 10kPa-50kPa; constraint connector, material model: linear elastic model, elastic modulus: 200GPa, Poisson's ratio: 0.3, density: 7850kg / m³, yield strength: 235MPa;

[0082] 2) Geometric model construction

[0083] Based on the actual dimensions, including pipe diameter, frame span, and buffer layer thickness, a 3D geometric model of each component is created in finite element software:

[0084] Escape pipe: Construct a hollow cylindrical structure, including pipe wall thickness details;

[0085] FRP frame: Model according to the actual supporting structure and clearly define the connection nodes with the pipeline;

[0086] Interface buffer layer: Construct a thin layer structure that conforms to the assembly relationship at the connection between the pipe and the frame;

[0087] Pipeline-foundation constraint structure: simulate the way the foundation fixes the pipeline and establish the geometric model of the constraint area;

[0088] 3) Meshing and contact settings

[0089] Grid discretization of each component: fine meshing is used for critical stress areas of the pipeline and frame (near the rockfall impact point and the connection nodes between the frame and the pipeline), while coarse meshing is used for non-critical areas to balance calculation accuracy and efficiency;

[0090] Define contact relationships: Set the contact relationship between the rockfall and the pipe / frame as collision, and the contact relationship between the pipe and the frame, and between the buffer layer and the pipe / frame as binding or sliding, to simulate the interaction in the actual assembly;

[0091] 4) Constraint and load boundary condition presets

[0092] Constraints: Fixed constraints are imposed on the pipeline-foundation constraint structure, and corresponding constraints are set at the bottom of the frame according to the support form;

[0093] Impact source parameter preset: Define the initial position, motion trajectory and other parameter interfaces of the falling rock in the model to provide input conditions for subsequent impact simulation.

[0094] S2. Model-based simulations of two operating conditions: a rockfall directly impacting the escape duct and another impacting the frame. Parameter combinations of different rockfall mass, shape, impact location, and drop height were collected. Impact simulations were then performed for both operating conditions using the same rockfall mass, shape, height, and corresponding impact location. The dynamic responses were recorded and mechanical characteristic parameters extracted. The space reduction achieved for each parameter combination was simultaneously calculated.

[0095] On the basis of the above embodiment, five gradients are set for the rockfall mass: 50kg, 100kg, 200kg, 500kg, and 1000kg; the rockfall shape: sphere with a curvature radius of 0.5m, cube with a side length of 1.0m; the end of the pipe close to the rockfall impact source is taken as the reference end, the impact position is the distance from the reference end of the escape pipe, and five impact points are set at the impact position: 1m, 3m, 5m, 7m, and 9m, which are distributed along the axial direction of the pipe, respectively. Among them, the impact point of the impact pipe working condition is located on the outer surface of the pipe, and the impact point of the impact frame working condition is located at the midpoint of the frame beam; the falling height is set to four levels: 5m, 10m, 15m, and 20m.

[0096] Based on the above embodiment, in the rockfall impact simulation, the maximum deflection of the pipeline, the maximum stress of the frame, the peak impact force of the pipeline, the peak impact force of the frame, and the space reduction are obtained as follows:

[0097] In finite element simulation software, displacement monitoring points were set up for the escape pipe model. Monitoring nodes were densely distributed along the pipe axis at the impact points (1m, 3m, 5m, 7m, and 9m) and in adjacent areas. The radial displacement of each node during the impact process was recorded in real time. After the simulation, the displacement data for all monitoring nodes was extracted, and the maximum value was selected as the maximum pipe deflection. This value was determined to correspond to the specific impact time point.

[0098] Stress monitoring units are set up on the beams, columns and connection nodes of the FRP frame model to record the stress changes during the impact process. The stress values ​​at the midpoint of the frame beams and the connection nodes between the frame and the pipeline are monitored in particular. After the simulation, the maximum value is extracted from the monitoring data as the maximum stress of the frame.

[0099] Force sensor units are set at the contact interfaces between the falling rock and the pipeline, and between the falling rock and the frame to collect the time domain curves of the contact force during the impact process in real time. For the pipeline impact force, the peak force value at the contact interface between the falling rock and the pipeline is extracted; for the frame impact force, the peak force value at the contact interface between the falling rock and the frame crossbeam is extracted, which are used as the pipeline impact force peak value and the frame impact force peak value, respectively.

[0100] Before simulation, the initial effective space of the escape system is defined in the software: the inner wall of the pipe is used as the boundary, combined with the closed area formed by the frame structure, and the initial space volume is obtained through the volume calculation module. During the impact, the deformation of the pipe and frame is recorded in real time through the software's deformation post-processing module to generate a deformed three-dimensional model. The deformed outline of the inner wall of the pipe is used as the boundary, and the space occupied by the frame deformation is deducted to recalculate the volume of the closed area. The space reduction = initial space volume - post-impact space volume.

[0101] S3. Based on the mechanical characteristic parameters under the two working conditions, select the impact frame working condition as the baseline working condition;

[0102] Based on the above embodiment, the specific steps of S3 are as follows:

[0103] For all combination parameters, the peak impact force on the pipe and the peak impact force on the frame are obtained respectively under two working conditions: the falling rock directly impacts the escape pipe and the impact on the frame.

[0104] Statistical analysis of the peak impact forces on the pipeline and the frame under the same combination of parameters for the two working conditions showed that the mean and standard deviation of the peak impact forces on the pipeline under the working condition of impacting the pipeline were higher than those on the frame under the working condition of impacting the frame, indicating that the impact intensity of the impacting pipeline working condition was high, but the stability of the mechanical response was poor.

[0105] Analysis of the relationship between parameters under the two operating conditions revealed that, in the pipe impact condition, the maximum pipe deflection was strongly positively correlated with the peak impact force, and the deflection increase increased nonlinearly with increasing impact force. In the frame impact condition, however, the maximum frame stress was linearly positively correlated with the peak impact force, with a stable stress increase. Furthermore, the structural risk associated with this increase was significantly lower than the spatial extrusion risk associated with the pipe deflection increase. This linear and stable mechanical response met the requirements of the baseline operating condition.

[0106] Among more than 70% of the combined parameters, the frame impact force under the impact frame condition has the lowest peak value and the smallest fluctuation, and the pipeline deflection is at a low level. Overall, the impact frame condition meets the screening conditions of the benchmark condition, so it is selected as the benchmark condition.

[0107] S4. Introduce parameter sensitivity and correlation analysis on the mechanical characteristic parameters of the baseline working condition, use the escape space retention rate as an indicator to select the peak impact force of the frame as the main control parameter, divide the deformation intervals into different ranges according to the degree of deformation, and calculate the remaining escape space and retention rate in each deformation interval;

[0108] On the basis of the above embodiment, parameter sensitivity and correlation analysis are introduced into the mechanical characteristic parameters of the benchmark working condition, and the peak value of the frame impact force is selected as the main control parameter with the escape space retention rate as an indicator. The specific steps are as follows:

[0109] Using the control variable method, we fixed other parameters and changed a single mechanical parameter to calculate the rate of change of the escape space retention rate. The results showed that the peak value of the frame impact force had the most significant impact on the escape space retention rate, that is, the sensitivity coefficient was the highest.

[0110] The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to calculate the linear correlation between each mechanical characteristic parameter and the escape space retention rate. The results showed that the peak value of the frame impact force had the strongest correlation with the escape space retention rate.

[0111] Through comprehensive sensitivity and correlation analysis, the peak value of the frame impact force is selected as the main control parameter of the benchmark working condition.

[0112] Based on the above embodiment, different deformation intervals are divided according to the degree of deformation. The specific steps are as follows:

[0113] Based on the degree of deformation of the pipeline in the benchmark working condition, the deformation degree is divided into three levels: mild deformation, moderate deformation, and severe deformation;

[0114] From the impact simulation results of all combined parameters of the benchmark working condition, samples belonging to the mild, moderate, and severe deformation intervals are screened out according to the determined frame impact force peak range, and the number of samples in each deformation interval is recorded.

[0115] For each sample in the deformation interval, the corresponding space reduction is extracted. The space reduction and the initial space volume of the escape duct are used to calculate the remaining escape space in each deformation interval. The formula is as follows:

[0116] ;

[0117] in, For the The remaining escape space in each deformation interval is used to quantify the actual available space level of the escape system under different deformation degrees. The larger the remaining escape space, the slighter the structural deformation of the escape system after impact in the deformation interval, the smaller the invasion of living space, the higher the freedom of movement of personnel in it, and the more secure the escape safety.

[0118] Where, is the initial space volume of the escape duct, For the deformation interval, The space reduction of samples is For the The index of the deformation interval sample, , For the The number of deformation interval samples, is the index of the deformation interval, , Corresponding to mild deformation, moderate deformation, and severe deformation respectively;

[0119] The retention rate of each deformation interval is calculated based on the following formula:

[0120] ;

[0121] in, For the The retention rate of each deformation interval is used to quantify the space retention capacity of the escape system under different deformation degrees. It is a measure of the degree of survival space retention of the escape system after impact. The larger the retention rate, the smaller the proportion of space reduction of the escape system under impact in the deformation interval, the stronger the structure's anti-deformation ability, and the better the effect of retaining the initial escape space. This means that even in the event of an impact, a higher proportion of effective activity space can still be retained for personnel, reflecting the better safety performance of the escape system from the spatial dimension.

[0122] S5. For impact escape pipeline conditions, extract the peak impact force of the pipeline, divide the corresponding limit benchmark according to the deformation range of the baseline condition, calculate the ratio of the main control parameters of each deformation range of the baseline condition to the corresponding limit benchmark, and obtain the safety redundancy coefficient. Combined with the remaining amount and retention rate of the escape space, the minimum buffer space for each deformation range against extreme impact is obtained. Based on the value and the range in which it is located, determine whether the escape system meets the extreme impact safety bottom line.

[0123] On the basis of the above embodiment, for the impact escape pipeline working condition, the pipeline impact force peak is extracted, and the corresponding limit benchmark is divided according to the deformation range of the benchmark working condition. The specific steps are as follows:

[0124] Taking the peak impact force range of the frame under the baseline working condition as a reference, the pipeline impact force peak values ​​within the error range of the peak impact force of the frame under the baseline working condition are selected from the simulation results of the impact pipe working condition, so that the two working conditions form a one-to-one correspondence in the impact force peak values.

[0125] Following the deformation interval division logic of the benchmark working condition, the pipeline impact force peaks screened out in the impact pipeline working condition are classified according to the three-level deformation interval range of the benchmark working condition, forming three corresponding intervals of the impact pipeline working condition;

[0126] For each corresponding interval, the peak value of the pipeline impact force within the interval in the impact pipeline working condition is defined as the limit benchmark, that is:

[0127] The limit benchmark for the mild deformation range is the peak value of the pipeline impact force within the range of the frame impact force peak value in the mild deformation range of the benchmark working condition, expanded by 5% error, in the impact pipe working condition.

[0128] The limit benchmark for the moderate deformation range is the peak value of the pipeline impact force within the range of the frame impact force peak value in the moderate deformation range of the benchmark working condition, expanded by 5% error, in the impact pipe working condition.

[0129] The limit benchmark for the severe deformation range is the peak value of the pipeline impact force within the range obtained after the framework impact force peak range in the severe deformation range of the benchmark working condition is expanded by 5% error in the impact pipeline working condition.

[0130] Based on the above embodiment, the ratio of the main control parameter of each deformation interval of the reference working condition to the corresponding limit reference is calculated to obtain the safety redundancy coefficient, according to the following formula:

[0131] ;

[0132] in, For the The safety redundancy coefficient for each deformation interval is used to quantify the margin between the actual impact force on the frame and the ultimate pipeline impact force that the escape system can withstand within the corresponding deformation interval under the baseline working condition. It is a measure of the system's safety reserve capacity under impact. The larger the safety redundancy coefficient, the greater the gap between the impact force on the frame under the baseline working condition and the ultimate pipeline impact force in the corresponding interval. The system has a more sufficient safety reserve within the deformation interval, can withstand a wider range of impact load fluctuations, and has a stronger ability to resist impacts beyond the baseline working condition. From a mechanical perspective, this reflects that the escape system has better safety and stability within this interval.

[0133] Where, Under the baseline condition, The peak impact force of the frame in each deformation interval, For impact pipeline conditions The peak value of pipeline impact force in the extreme reference interval corresponding to each deformation interval;

[0134] Table 1. Minimum buffer space changes with the remaining escape space, retention rate and safety redundancy coefficient

[0135]

[0136] According to Table 1, as the remaining escape space increases from 3.0 m³ to 15.0 m³, the minimum buffer space increases from 3.33 to 45.00, and the overall value increases steadily with the increase of the remaining space. There is a positive correlation between the minimum buffer space and the remaining escape space.

[0137] The safety redundancy coefficient dropped from 0.39 to 0.10, and the minimum buffer space increased accordingly, reflecting the rule that the lower the safety redundancy, the more buffer space needs to be reserved. The minimum buffer space and the safety redundancy coefficient are negatively correlated.

[0138] The retention rate dropped from 0.54 to 0.30, the minimum buffer space increased, and the minimum buffer space was negatively correlated with the retention rate.

[0139] according to Figure 3-Figure 5 It can be seen that the fitting line of the minimum buffer space and the remaining escape space is a straight line, which is in positive proportion. That is, the larger the remaining escape space, the larger the minimum buffer space, and the change trends of the two are synchronized and uniform.

[0140] The fitting line of the minimum buffer space and the safety redundancy coefficient is a straight line, which is in inverse proportion. That is, the larger the safety redundancy coefficient is, the smaller the minimum buffer space is.

[0141] The fitting line between the minimum buffer space and the retention rate is nonlinear, and as the retention rate increases (the spatial retention capacity increases), the minimum buffer space decreases monotonically, reflecting a negative correlation between the two.

[0142] Based on the above embodiment, the minimum buffer space of each deformation interval against extreme impact is obtained by combining the remaining escape space, the retention rate, and the safety redundancy coefficient. The formula is as follows:

[0143] ;

[0144] in, For the The minimum buffer space of each deformation interval against extreme impact is used to combine the three indicator parameters of escape space remaining, retention rate and safety redundancy coefficient to comprehensively quantify the additional safety space required for the escape system under extreme impact. The larger the minimum buffer space, the weaker the comprehensive protection capability of the existing safety redundancy and space reserve in this deformation interval under extreme impact, and more additional space needs to be reserved to offset the space reduction and structural deformation caused by the impact.

[0145] On this basis, it should be noted that:

[0146] Remaining escape space It is The average value of the actual available space of the escape system after the impact within the deformation interval is When it increases, it means that the effective space reserved by the system within this range is larger. Under extreme shocks, in order to offset the additional space reduction that may be caused by the shock, the additional safety space required to be reserved will also increase accordingly. Therefore, the minimum buffer space for extreme shocks is Increase;

[0147] Safety redundancy factor It is The ratio of the peak impact force of the frame in a deformation interval to the peak impact force of the pipeline in the corresponding limit reference interval is used to measure the safety reserve capacity of the system in this interval. When it increases, it indicates that the gap between the actual impact force borne by the system and the ultimate impact force is narrowing, the safety reserve is relatively more sufficient, the ability to resist extreme impact is enhanced, and the required additional buffer space is reduced. Therefore, the minimum buffer space for extreme impact reduce;

[0148] Retention rate It is The ratio of the remaining escape space in a deformation interval to the initial space volume reflects the system's ability to maintain the initial escape space. When it increases, it means that the proportion of space reduction of the system under impact is smaller, the effect of maintaining the initial space is better, the spatial stability is stronger, and the additional buffer space required under extreme impact is less. Therefore, the minimum buffer space for extreme impact is Decrease.

[0149] Therefore, the minimum buffer space for extreme impact and the remaining escape space There is a positive correlation, and the minimum buffer space for extreme shocks and safety redundancy factor , retention rate Both are negative correlations.

[0150] In addition, the remaining escape space The "base" for calculating buffer space. Buffer space is essentially an additional reserve on top of existing spare space, so it must be based on the absolute amount of spare space. For example, a system with 10m³ of spare space is likely to experience a greater absolute reduction in space compared to a system with only 5m³ of spare space when facing an extreme shock of the same intensity (due to the larger initial base of available space for reduction). Therefore, more buffer space is required to offset this potential absolute loss.

[0151] Safety redundancy factor , retention rate , then as the correction factor, the safety redundancy factor The lower the value, the greater the gap between the impact force currently borne by the system and the ultimate bearing capacity (i.e., the less safety reserve there is), and the more likely the structure will deform excessively under extreme impact, resulting in further reduction in space. This "safety redundancy defect" needs to be compensated by additional buffer space - the more significant the defect ( The smaller, 1- The larger the value is), the more buffer space is required, and more buffer space is needed to cope with possible structural failure under extreme impact;

[0152] Retention rate The higher it is, the stronger the system's ability to maintain the initial space under impact (the smaller the space reduction ratio), and the better its "toughness" to resist space invasion. This toughness will reduce the dependence on additional buffer space - just like high-strength materials are less likely to deform than low-strength materials and do not require too much external support. Therefore, the stronger the space retention capacity ( The larger the value is), the more obvious the decrease in buffer space demand is;

[0153] The buffer space requirement under extreme shocks isn't a single numerical value; it's proportional to the system's spatial scale and structural performance. For example, for a system with large residual space but low safety margins, its buffer requirement should be a combination of a large base of space and a high need for defect compensation. Meanwhile, for a system with strong spatial retention capabilities, even with certain safety margin deficiencies, its buffer requirement will be reduced due to its inherent resilience.

[0154] In summary, the above function is used to express the functional relationship between the minimum buffer space and the remaining escape space, the retention rate, and the safety redundancy coefficient.

[0155] Based on the above embodiment, the minimum buffer space and the corresponding deformation range are used to determine whether the escape system meets the safety bottom line under extreme impact. The specific steps are as follows:

[0156] Based on the minimum living space requirements of adults in extreme environments in ergonomics and the risk level differences in different deformation intervals, the threshold of the minimum buffer space for each deformation interval is set;

[0157] Determine the interval where the minimum buffer space is located from the minimum buffer space data of the three deformation intervals of mild, moderate and severe deformation;

[0158] 1) If the minimum buffer space is in the slightly deformed range, the threshold is :

[0159] Since it corresponds to the lowest risk level, it cannot represent the safety performance of the escape system in a higher risk range. Therefore, regardless of whether the minimum buffer space is ≥ the threshold , it is impossible to determine that the system meets the extreme impact safety bottom line;

[0160] 2) If the minimum buffer space is in the moderate deformation range, the threshold is :

[0161] When the minimum buffer space ≥ threshold When the minimum buffer space of the severe deformation interval is less than the threshold , indicating that the escape system does not meet the extreme impact safety bottom line; if the minimum buffer space in the severe deformation interval ≥ threshold , indicating that the buffering in the moderate deformation interval is sufficient and the most dangerous severe interval can also meet the safety requirements, and the escape system meets the extreme impact safety bottom line;

[0162] When the minimum buffer space < threshold When , it indicates that the escape system has safety hazards under medium-risk impact and does not meet the safety bottom line of extreme impact;

[0163] 3) If the minimum buffer space is in the severe deformation range, the threshold is :

[0164] When the minimum buffer space ≥ threshold When the value is 0, it indicates that the escape system can still provide sufficient buffering under the most dangerous extreme impact, meeting the safety bottom line under extreme impact;

[0165] When the minimum buffer space < threshold When , it indicates that the escape system does not meet the safety bottom line.

[0166] in, .

[0167] See also Figure 2 , the present invention also provides a technical solution:

[0168] A numerical simulation system for mechanical characteristics of an escape system under rockfall impact, the system being used to execute any of the above-mentioned numerical simulation methods for mechanical characteristics of an escape system under rockfall impact, comprising:

[0169] Model building module, used to build a coupled finite element model of the escape system and the rockfall impact source, including the escape pipe, frame, interface buffer layer and pipe-foundation constraint structure;

[0170] The simulation module is used to simulate two working conditions based on the model: falling rocks directly impacting the escape duct and impacting the frame. The module collects the combined parameters of different falling rock masses, shapes, impact locations, and drop heights. The module then simulates the impact of the two working conditions based on the same falling rock mass, shape, height, and corresponding impact location. The module records the dynamic response and extracts the mechanical characteristic parameters, and simultaneously obtains the space reduction under each combined parameter.

[0171] Mechanical characteristic parameters include maximum pipe deflection, maximum frame stress, peak pipe impact force, and peak frame impact force;

[0172] A screening module is used to select the impact frame working condition as the reference working condition based on the mechanical characteristic parameters under the two working conditions;

[0173] The data calculation module is used to introduce parameter sensitivity and correlation analysis to the mechanical characteristic parameters of the benchmark working condition, select the peak value of the frame impact force as the main control parameter based on the escape space retention rate, divide the deformation intervals into different intervals according to the degree of deformation, and calculate the remaining amount and retention rate of the escape space in each deformation interval;

[0174] The judgment module is used to extract the peak impact force of the pipeline under impact escape conditions, divide the corresponding limit benchmark according to the deformation interval of the benchmark working condition, calculate the ratio of the main control parameters of each deformation interval of the benchmark working condition to the corresponding limit benchmark, obtain the safety redundancy coefficient, and combine the remaining amount and retention rate of the escape space to obtain the minimum buffer space of each deformation interval for extreme impact. Based on its value and the interval it is located in, it is judged whether the escape system meets the extreme impact safety bottom line.

[0175] The above formulas are all dimensionless and numerical calculations. The formulas are obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation to obtain the most recent real situation. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by technicians in this field according to actual conditions.

[0176] The above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by computer software, electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed by hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0177] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, and may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment as needed.

[0178] The above is only a specific implementation method of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with this technical field can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in this application, which should be covered by the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A numerical simulation method for the mechanical characteristics of an escape system under rockfall impact, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Build a coupled finite element model of the escape system and the rockfall impact source, including the escape duct, frame, interface buffer layer, and duct-foundation constraint structure; S2. Model-based simulations of two operating conditions: a rockfall directly impacting the escape duct and another impacting the frame. Parameter combinations of different rockfall mass, shape, impact location, and drop height were collected. Impact simulations were then performed for both operating conditions using the same rockfall mass, shape, height, and corresponding impact location. The dynamic responses were recorded and mechanical characteristic parameters extracted. The space reduction achieved for each parameter combination was simultaneously calculated. Mechanical characteristic parameters include maximum pipe deflection, maximum frame stress, peak pipe impact force, and peak frame impact force; S3. Based on the mechanical characteristic parameters under the two working conditions, select the impact frame working condition as the baseline working condition; S4. Introduce parameter sensitivity and correlation analysis on the mechanical characteristic parameters of the baseline working condition, use the escape space retention rate as an indicator to select the peak impact force of the frame as the main control parameter, divide the deformation intervals into different ranges according to the degree of deformation, and calculate the remaining escape space and retention rate in each deformation interval; S5. For impact escape pipeline conditions, extract the peak impact force of the pipeline, divide the corresponding limit benchmark according to the deformation range of the baseline condition, calculate the ratio of the main control parameters of each deformation range of the baseline condition to the corresponding limit benchmark, and obtain the safety redundancy coefficient. Combined with the remaining amount and retention rate of the escape space, the minimum buffer space for each deformation range against extreme impact is obtained. Based on the value and the range in which it is located, determine whether the escape system meets the extreme impact safety bottom line.

2. The numerical simulation method for mechanical characteristics of an escape system under rockfall impact according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are five gradients for rockfall weight: 50kg, 100kg, 200kg, 500kg, and 1000kg; there are four levels for rockfall shape: sphere with a curvature radius of 0.5m and cube with a side length of 1.0m; the end of the pipe close to the rockfall impact source is taken as the reference end, and the impact position is the distance from the reference end of the escape pipe. There are five impact points at the impact position: 1m, 3m, 5m, 7m, and 9m, which are distributed along the axial direction of the pipe. The impact point of the pipe impact condition is located on the outer surface of the pipe, and the impact point of the frame impact condition is located at the midpoint of the frame beam; there are four levels for the falling height: 5m, 10m, 15m, and 20m.

3. The numerical simulation method for mechanical characteristics of an escape system under rockfall impact according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps for S3 are as follows: For all combination parameters, the peak impact force on the pipe and the peak impact force on the frame are obtained respectively under two working conditions: the falling rock directly impacts the escape pipe and the impact on the frame. Statistical analysis of the peak impact forces on the pipeline and the frame under the same combination of parameters for the two working conditions showed that the mean and standard deviation of the peak impact forces on the pipeline under the working condition of impacting the pipeline were higher than those on the frame under the working condition of impacting the frame, indicating that the impact intensity of the impacting pipeline working condition was high, but the stability of the mechanical response was poor. Analysis of the relationship between parameters under the two operating conditions revealed that, in the pipe impact condition, the maximum pipe deflection was strongly positively correlated with the peak impact force, and the deflection increase increased nonlinearly with increasing impact force. In the frame impact condition, however, the maximum frame stress was linearly positively correlated with the peak impact force, with a stable stress increase. Furthermore, the structural risk associated with this increase was significantly lower than the spatial extrusion risk associated with the pipe deflection increase. This linear and stable mechanical response met the requirements of the baseline operating condition. Among more than 70% of the combined parameters, the frame impact force under the impact frame condition has the lowest peak value and the smallest fluctuation, and the pipeline deflection is at a low level. Overall, the impact frame condition meets the screening conditions of the benchmark condition, so it is selected as the benchmark condition.

4. The numerical simulation method for mechanical characteristics of an escape system under rockfall impact according to claim 3, characterized in that: Parameter sensitivity and correlation analysis are introduced into the mechanical characteristic parameters of the benchmark working condition, and the escape space retention rate is used as an indicator to select the peak value of the frame impact force as the main control parameter. The specific steps are as follows: Using the control variable method, we fixed other parameters and changed a single mechanical parameter to calculate the rate of change of the escape space retention rate. The results showed that the peak value of the frame impact force had the most significant impact on the escape space retention rate, that is, the sensitivity coefficient was the highest. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to calculate the linear correlation between each mechanical characteristic parameter and the escape space retention rate. The results showed that the peak value of the frame impact force had the strongest correlation with the escape space retention rate. Through comprehensive sensitivity and correlation analysis, the peak value of the frame impact force is selected as the main control parameter of the benchmark working condition.

5. The numerical simulation method for mechanical characteristics of an escape system under rockfall impact according to claim 4, characterized in that: Different deformation intervals are divided according to the degree of deformation. The specific steps are as follows: Based on the degree of deformation of the pipeline in the benchmark working condition, the deformation degree is divided into three levels: mild deformation, moderate deformation, and severe deformation; From the impact simulation results of all combined parameters of the benchmark working condition, samples belonging to the mild, moderate, and severe deformation intervals are screened out according to the determined frame impact force peak range, and the number of samples in each deformation interval is recorded. For each sample in the deformation interval, the corresponding space reduction is extracted. The space reduction and the initial space volume of the escape duct are used to calculate the remaining escape space in each deformation interval. The formula is as follows: ； in, For the The remaining escape space of the deformation interval, is the initial space volume of the escape duct, For the deformation interval, The space reduction of samples is For the The index of the deformation interval sample, , For the The number of deformation interval samples, is the index of the deformation interval, , Corresponding to mild deformation, moderate deformation, and severe deformation respectively; The retention rate of each deformation interval is calculated based on the following formula: ； in, For the The retention rate of the deformation interval.

6. The numerical simulation method for mechanical characteristics of an escape system under rockfall impact according to claim 5, characterized in that: For the impact escape pipeline working condition, extract the pipeline impact force peak value and divide the corresponding limit benchmark according to the benchmark working condition deformation range. The specific steps are as follows: Taking the peak impact force range of the frame under the baseline working condition as a reference, the pipeline impact force peak values ​​within the error range of the peak impact force of the frame under the baseline working condition are selected from the simulation results of the impact pipe working condition, so that the two working conditions form a one-to-one correspondence in the impact force peak values. Following the deformation interval division logic of the benchmark working condition, the pipeline impact force peaks screened out in the impact pipeline working condition are classified according to the three-level deformation interval range of the benchmark working condition, forming three corresponding intervals of the impact pipeline working condition; For each corresponding interval, the peak value of the pipeline impact force within the interval in the impact pipeline working condition is defined as the limit benchmark, that is: The limit benchmark for the mild deformation range is the peak value of the pipeline impact force within the range of the frame impact force peak value in the mild deformation range of the benchmark working condition, expanded by 5% error, in the impact pipe working condition. The limit benchmark for the moderate deformation range is the peak value of the pipeline impact force within the range of the frame impact force peak value in the moderate deformation range of the benchmark working condition, expanded by 5% error, in the impact pipe working condition. The limit benchmark for the severe deformation range is the peak value of the pipeline impact force within the range obtained after the framework impact force peak range in the severe deformation range of the benchmark working condition is expanded by 5% error in the impact pipeline working condition.

7. The numerical simulation method for mechanical characteristics of an escape system under rockfall impact according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ratio of the main control parameters of each deformation interval under the baseline working condition to the corresponding limit benchmark is calculated to obtain the safety redundancy coefficient. Combined with the remaining escape space and the retention rate, the minimum buffer space of each deformation interval against extreme impact is obtained. The formula is as follows: ； ； in, For the The safety redundancy factor of the deformation interval is Under the baseline condition, The peak impact force of the frame in each deformation interval, For impact pipeline conditions The peak value of pipeline impact force in the extreme reference interval corresponding to each deformation interval is: For the The minimum buffer space of each deformation range against extreme impact.

8. The numerical simulation method for mechanical characteristics of an escape system under rockfall impact according to claim 7, characterized in that: Based on the minimum buffer space and the corresponding deformation range, determine whether the escape system meets the safety bottom line under extreme impact. The specific steps are as follows: Based on the minimum living space requirements of adults in extreme environments in ergonomics and the risk level differences in different deformation intervals, the threshold of the minimum buffer space for each deformation interval is set; Determine the interval where the minimum buffer space is located from the minimum buffer space data of the three deformation intervals of mild, moderate and severe deformation; 1) If the minimum buffer space is in the slightly deformed range, the threshold is : Since it corresponds to the lowest risk level, it cannot represent the safety performance of the escape system in a higher risk range. Therefore, regardless of whether the minimum buffer space is ≥ the threshold , it is impossible to determine that the system meets the extreme impact safety bottom line; 2) If the minimum buffer space is in the moderate deformation range, the threshold is : When the minimum buffer space ≥ threshold When the minimum buffer space of the severe deformation interval is less than the threshold , indicating that the escape system does not meet the extreme impact safety bottom line; if the minimum buffer space in the severe deformation interval ≥ threshold , indicating that the buffering in the moderate deformation interval is sufficient and the most dangerous severe interval can also meet the safety requirements, and the escape system meets the extreme impact safety bottom line; When the minimum buffer space < threshold When , it indicates that the escape system has safety hazards under medium-risk impact and does not meet the safety bottom line of extreme impact; 3) If the minimum buffer space is in the severe deformation range, the threshold is : When the minimum buffer space ≥ threshold When the value is 0, it indicates that the escape system can still provide sufficient buffering under the most dangerous extreme impact, meeting the safety bottom line under extreme impact; When the minimum buffer space < threshold When , it indicates that the escape system does not meet the safety bottom line; in, .

9. A numerical simulation system for the mechanical characteristics of an escape system under a rockfall impact, the system being used to implement the numerical simulation method for the mechanical characteristics of an escape system under a rockfall impact according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: Model building module, used to build a coupled finite element model of the escape system and the rockfall impact source, including the escape pipe, frame, interface buffer layer and pipe-foundation constraint structure; The simulation module is used to simulate two working conditions based on the model: falling rocks directly impacting the escape duct and impacting the frame. The module collects the combined parameters of different falling rock masses, shapes, impact locations, and drop heights. The module then simulates the impact of the two working conditions based on the same falling rock mass, shape, height, and corresponding impact location. The module records the dynamic response and extracts the mechanical characteristic parameters, and simultaneously obtains the space reduction under each combined parameter. Mechanical characteristic parameters include maximum pipe deflection, maximum frame stress, peak pipe impact force, and peak frame impact force; A screening module is used to select the impact frame working condition as the reference working condition based on the mechanical characteristic parameters under the two working conditions; The data calculation module is used to introduce parameter sensitivity and correlation analysis to the mechanical characteristic parameters of the benchmark working condition, select the peak value of the frame impact force as the main control parameter based on the escape space retention rate, divide the deformation intervals into different intervals according to the degree of deformation, and calculate the remaining amount and retention rate of the escape space in each deformation interval; The judgment module is used to extract the peak impact force of the pipeline under impact escape conditions, divide the corresponding limit benchmark according to the deformation interval of the benchmark working condition, calculate the ratio of the main control parameters of each deformation interval of the benchmark working condition to the corresponding limit benchmark, obtain the safety redundancy coefficient, and combine the remaining amount and retention rate of the escape space to obtain the minimum buffer space of each deformation interval for extreme impact. Based on its value and the interval it is located in, it is judged whether the escape system meets the extreme impact safety bottom line.

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