Block chain smart contract and IPFS-based big instrument experiment storage and evidence storage method
Through blockchain smart contracts and IPFS technology, the problem of secure storage and sharing of experimental data has been solved, and tamper-proof, transparent and traceable data management has been achieved, which has promoted the openness and innovation of scientific research.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510732257.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-05
AI Technical Summary
Traditional data storage methods are prone to tampering, loss and leakage, making it difficult to ensure the security and integrity of experimental data, and lack decentralized management and sharing platforms.
Using blockchain smart contracts and IPFS technology, through hash processing, public key encryption, Diffie-Hellman key exchange and NFT notarization, we ensure the secure storage and traceability of experimental data, and achieve decentralized management and transparent sharing.
It achieves the immutability, transparency, traceability and security of experimental data, reduces the risk of data leakage and tampering, and promotes open collaboration and innovation in scientific research.
Smart Images
Figure CN120602082A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of blockchain technology, and in particular to a large-scale experimental storage and evidence storage method based on blockchain smart contracts and IPFS. Background Art
[0002] Government support for scientific and technological development, the sharing of large-scale equipment, and subsidy policies such as innovation vouchers have greatly promoted the advancement of scientific research. However, verifying and storing experimental data remains a challenge. Traditional data storage methods are prone to tampering, data loss, and data leakage, making it difficult to ensure data security and integrity.
[0003] A system and method using blockchain and IPFS technologies offers a solution to this problem. By storing certificates on the blockchain and encrypted experimental data on IPFS, this system ensures that experimental data is stored in a secure, decentralized, and tamper-proof manner. This provides researchers and innovators with a transparent and unalterable record of experimental data and verified results.
[0004] Furthermore, blockchain and IPFS technologies can preserve relevant processes and save experimental results from large-scale instruments, protecting privacy and security. Experimental data can be encrypted using powerful and efficient algorithms such as AES, ensuring that it can only be accessed by authorized parties.
[0005] The system can also facilitate subsequent development by providing a platform for researchers and innovators to share experimental data and collaborate on research projects. The use of blockchain and IPFS technology provides a transparent and trustworthy platform that encourages open collaboration and promotes innovation.
[0006] In summary, the proposed system and method for storing evidence of large-scale instrument experimental results using blockchain and IPFS technologies provides a secure, decentralized, and efficient solution to the challenges of data storage and verification in scientific research. By leveraging the advantages of blockchain and IPFS technologies, this system can contribute to the advancement of scientific research and promote technological innovation. Summary of the Invention
[0007] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to solve the problem of large-scale instrument experimental evidence storage using blockchain smart contracts and IPFS. This system solves the problems of data tampering and storage in experimental data management. By using blockchain and IPFS technology, the proposed solution provides secure storage and traceability of experimental data and experimental data proofs, while making it easier for researchers to manage and share data. The purpose of this invention is to store large-scale instrument results, store evidence at the same time, and publish NFTs on the chain to ensure the privacy of large-scale instrument experimental results. By using blockchain, smart contracts, IPFS, and related privacy protection algorithms, the authenticity of the data is maintained, the decentralization of the entire system method is guaranteed, the privacy of experimental data is guaranteed, and all transactions and data changes can be tracked and audited. At the same time, compared with traditional centralized storage, security is guaranteed and the risk of data leakage and network attacks is reduced.
[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
[0009] A method for storing and documenting large-scale experiments based on blockchain smart contracts and IPFS, including the following steps: (1) Encrypt and store the experimental data in a series of processes. The specific steps are as follows: the experimenter conducts the experiment to obtain the experimental data, hashes the experimental data; generates public and private keys, encrypts the experimental data with the public key, and the private key can be used for decryption; stores the hash of the experimental data and the ciphertext of the experimental data in IPFS to obtain the corresponding IPFS address hash; stores the IPFS address hash and basic information of the experiment, such as time, location, and experimental instruments, in the smart contract, which can be checked by the smart contract; and queries the corresponding basic experimental information and IPFS address hash.
[0010] (2) The experimenter and the verifier interact and confirm verification-related information through the smart contract: the experimenter calls the smart contract to request verification of the experimental data and transmits the Deffie-Hellman related parameters p, q; the verifier agrees to the experimenter's request through the smart contract and confirms p, q; the experimenter and the verifier privately generate Deffie-Hellman related parameters A, B; the experimenter and the verifier exchange A, B through the smart contract.
[0011] (3) The experimenter and the verifier generate a shared secret: Both parties generate a shared secret by using the Deffie-Hellman method.
[0012] (4) Encrypted storage of the experimenter's private key: The experimenter encrypts the private key through a shared secret and places the encrypted private key in IPFS.
[0013] (5) Transmit the encrypted private key, verify the data and store the evidence: send the IPFS address of the encrypted private key to the verifier, and the verifier shares the secret to decrypt the experimental data and verify it; after the verification is successful, the verifier will use the smart contract to create an NFT for the experimenter based on the experiment, and the NFT will be stored on the blockchain as an experimental certificate.
[0014] The beneficial effects of the invention are: compared with the traditional method, it has the following advantages: Immutability: Data stored on the blockchain and IPFS is immutable, meaning it cannot be changed or deleted. This ensures that experimental data and evidence cannot be tampered with, increasing the credibility and trustworthiness of the results.
[0015] Transparency: Using blockchain and IPFS enables transparent and decentralized storage and verification of experimental data and evidence, making scientific research more open and collaborative.
[0016] Traceability: By storing experimental data and evidence on blockchain and IPFS, the source and history of the data can be traced, providing a clear and auditable record for research.
[0017] Security: The use of cryptography and privacy-preserving algorithms such as Deffie-Hellman ensures that only authorized personnel can access data. This significantly reduces the risk of data being tampered with, stolen, or lost.
[0018] Decentralization: The decentralized nature of blockchain and IPFS means there is no single point of failure or control. This makes it more difficult for any individual or entity to manipulate or destroy data.
[0019] Overall, using blockchain and IPFS to store and verify large-scale instrument experimental data provides a safe, transparent and efficient way to ensure the authenticity and integrity of experimental data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1 Flowchart for storage and evidence storage of Dayi Experiment based on blockchain smart contracts and IPFS DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] The present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the content of the invention is not limited to the scope of the drawings.
[0022] The basic process of the invention is as follows Figure 1 The specific implementation steps of the present invention include: The main steps of evidence storage: Step 1: Experimental data encryption, HASH and storage and other series of processing: The experimenter conducts the experiment to obtain experimental data, and hashes the experimental data. The hash is used as follows: For hashing, SHA-256 is used. SHA-256 accepts an input message of arbitrary length and produces a fixed-size 256-bit output, typically represented as a 64-character hexadecimal string. The algorithm uses a series of logical operations, including bitwise operations, modular operations, and conditional statements, to process the input message and produce the output hash value.
[0023] Generate public and private keys, encrypt the experimental data with the public key, and the private key can be used for decryption. The main points about public and private key encryption are as follows: The RSA algorithm is an asymmetric cryptography that generates two separate keys for encryption and decryption. The public key is used to encrypt the experimental data, and the private key is used to decrypt the experimental data. The RSA encryption principle steps are as follows: Generate two large prime numbers p and q, and compute their product n = pq.
[0024] Then a value e is chosen that is relatively prime to (p-1)(q-1). This value of e is used as the public key exponent.
[0025] The private key is then calculated using the Extended Euclidean algorithm to find the modular inverse of e modulo (p-1)*(q-1), which is the private key exponent d.
[0026] Then store the hash of the experimental data and the ciphertext of the experimental data in IPFS to obtain the corresponding IPFS address hash. About storing in IPFS: The hash and ciphertext of the experimental data are stored in IPFS. The hash value of the experimental data can be used to verify its integrity later, while the ciphertext is used to decrypt the data when needed. The IPFS address corresponding to the data stored in IPFS is then obtained. This is the content identifier (CID), which is generated using the hash of the data. This CID can be used to retrieve the data from the IPFS network.
[0027] Then, the IPFS address hash and basic information of the experiment, such as time, location, and experimental equipment, are stored in the smart contract. The smart contract can query the corresponding basic information of the experiment and the IPFS address hash: Information to be stored: The smart contract should store necessary information such as the IPFS address hash of the encrypted experiment data, the time and date of the experiment, the location of the experiment, the equipment used, and any other relevant metadata.
[0028] The design of smart contracts also needs to include Access Control: The smart contract should define the access control mechanism for authorized parties to query stored data. This can be achieved by defining the roles and permissions of the authorized parties.
[0029] Query interface: Smart contracts should provide a user-friendly interface or API for authorized parties to retrieve stored data. This can be achieved by defining input parameters, output formats, and query functions.
[0030] Timestamps: Smart contracts should include a timestamp mechanism to ensure the chronological order of stored data. This can be achieved by using a trusted timestamp service or by incorporating timestamps into the stored data.
[0031] Step 2: The experimenter and the verifier interact through the smart contract to confirm verification related information such as request verification, generate parameters related to the shared secret, and transmit parameters as follows: (1) The experimenter requests verification data: The experimenter initiates the smart contract function requestVerificationData to request verification data from the verifier. This function includes the parameters P and Q required for Diffie-Hellman key exchange.
[0032] (2) The Verifier agrees to the experimental request: The verifier confirms the request by executing a smart contract function called confirmRequest, which verifies whether the experimenter has the right to request the verification data. The verifier then confirms the values of P and Q through a smart contract function called confirmPQ.
[0033] (3) The experimenter and the verifier privately generate A and B: The experimenter randomly generates a secret number a and calculates A = Q^a mod P. The verifier generates a random secret number b and calculates B = Q^b mod P. The experimenter and the verifier exchange A and B via a smart contract: the experimenter uses a smart contract function called sendA to send A to the verifier. The verifier uses a smart contract function called sendB to send B to the experimenter.
[0034] Step 3: The experimenter and the verifier generate a shared secret: The two parties use the obtained parameters to generate a shared secret using the Deffie-Hellman method. The Deffi-Hellman method used is as follows: Diffie-Hellman is a key exchange algorithm that allows two parties to securely exchange keys over an insecure communication channel. This involves using a smart contract to exchange a private key that can decrypt experimental data. The steps are as follows: The experimenter and the verifier compute the shared secret s = B^a mod p = A^b mod p.
[0035] Step 4: Encrypted storage of the experimenter's private key: The experimenter encrypts the private key with the shared secret. Using a key derivation function (KDF), the experimenter derives a symmetric encryption key from the shared secret s. Using the derived key, the experimenter encrypts the private key using AES. The encrypted private key is stored on IPFS, and its IPFS address is obtained.
[0036] Step 5: Transmit the encrypted private key, verify the data and store the evidence. The specific steps are as follows: (1) The experimenter sends the IPFS address to the verifier through the smart contract.
[0037] (2) The verifier shares the secret and decrypts the experimental data and verifies it. The specific steps are as follows: The verifier obtains the IPFS address of the encrypted private key from the smart contract. The verifier retrieves the encrypted private key from IPFS. The verifier uses the same KDF to derive the same symmetric encryption key from the shared secret s. The verifier uses the derived key to decrypt the AES-encrypted private key. The private key can now be used to decrypt the experimental data.
[0038] (3) After successful verification, the verifier will create an NFT based on the experiment through a smart contract and give it to the experimenter. At the same time, the NFT is stored on the blockchain as an experimental certificate. To ensure the proof process, traceability, and privacy, the following information can be stored in the NFT: Experimental details: The NFT can include all necessary information about the experiment, such as the experiment name, date, location, experimental equipment used, experimental protocol, and any other relevant details.
[0039] IPFS address hash: NFTs can also include the IPFS address hash of encrypted experimental data and private keys for easy reference and verification.
[0040] Lab Certificate ID: NFTs can have a unique ID or serial number to identify the lab certificate and its authenticity.
[0041] Verification Information: NFTs can contain information about the verification process, including the verifier’s details and any other relevant information.
[0042] Timestamps: NFTs can also include timestamps to indicate when the experiment was conducted and when the certificate was issued.
[0043] By including all of this information in an NFT, it becomes a secure and traceable record of the experiment that can be easily verified by anyone with access to the blockchain. Additionally, the use of NFTs provides privacy protection by encrypting the experimental data and making it accessible only to authorized parties using a private key.
Claims
1. A method for storing and documenting large-scale experiments based on blockchain smart contracts and IPFS, characterized by: The following steps are involved: (1) Encrypt and store the experimental data in a series of processes. The specific steps are as follows: the experimenter obtains the experimental data through the experiment, hashes the experimental data, generates public and private keys, encrypts the experimental data with the public key, and the private key can be used to decrypt it; stores the hash of the experimental data and the ciphertext of the experimental data in IPFS to obtain the corresponding IPFS address hash; stores the IPFS address hash and basic information of the experiment, such as time, location, and experimental instruments, in the smart contract, which can be checked by the smart contract; queries the corresponding basic experimental information and IPFS address hash; (2) The experimenter and the verifier interact and confirm verification related information through the smart contract: the experimenter calls the smart contract to request verification of experimental data and transmits Deffie-Hellman related parameters p, q; the verifier agrees to the experimenter's request through the smart contract and confirms p, q; the experimenter and the verifier privately generate Deffie-Hellman related parameters A, B; the experimenter and the verifier exchange A, B through the smart contract; (3) The experimenter and the verifier generate a shared secret: Both parties generate a shared secret by using the Deffie-Hellman method; (4) Encrypted storage of the experimenter's private key: The experimenter encrypts the private key using a shared secret and places the encrypted private key in IPFS; (5) Transmit the encrypted private key, verify the data and store the evidence: send the IPFS address of the encrypted private key to the verifier, and the verifier shares the secret to decrypt the experimental data and verify it; after the verification is successful, the verifier will use the smart contract to create an NFT for the experimenter based on the experiment, and the NFT will be stored on the blockchain as an experimental certificate.
2. The method for storing and recording large-scale experiments based on blockchain smart contracts and IPFS according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (1), the experimenter conducts an experiment to obtain experimental data, and hashes the experimental data. The hashing is performed as follows: SHA-256 is used for hashing. SHA-256 accepts an input message of any length and produces a fixed-size 256-bit output, usually represented as a 64-character hexadecimal string. The algorithm uses a series of logical operations, including bitwise operations, modular operations, and conditional statements, to process the input message and generate an output hash value.
3. The method for storing and recording large-scale experimental evidence based on blockchain smart contracts and IPFS according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (1), public and private keys are generated, and the experimental data is encrypted with the public key, and the private key can be used for decryption. The main steps of public and private key encryption are as follows: the RSA algorithm is adopted, which is an asymmetric cryptography, and two separate keys are generated for encryption and decryption respectively, that is, the public key is used to encrypt the experimental data and the private key is used to decrypt the experimental data; the working principle of RSA encryption is as follows: two large prime numbers p and q are generated, and their product n = pq is calculated; then a value e is selected to make it coprime with (p-1)(q-1); the e value is used as the public key exponent, and then the extended Euclidean algorithm is used to calculate the private key to find the modular inverse of e modulo (p-1)*(q-1), that is, the private key exponent d.
4. The method for storing and recording large-scale experimental data based on blockchain smart contracts and IPFS according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (1), the design of the smart contract also needs to include: Access control: The smart contract should define the access control mechanism for authorized parties to query stored data. This can be achieved by defining the roles and permissions of authorized parties. Query interface: The smart contract should provide a user-friendly interface or API for authorized parties to retrieve stored data; this can be achieved by defining input parameters, output formats, and query functions; Timestamps: Smart contracts should include a timestamp mechanism to ensure the chronological order of stored data. This can be achieved by using a trusted timestamp service or by incorporating timestamps into the stored data.
5. The method for storing and recording large-scale experimental evidence based on blockchain smart contracts and IPFS according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (2), the experimenter and the verifier interact through the smart contract to confirm verification-related information such as request verification, generate parameters related to the shared secret, and transmit the parameters as follows: (1) The experimenter requests verification data: The experimenter initiates the smart contract function requestVerificationData to request verification data from the verifier; this function includes the parameters P and Q required for Diffie-Hellman key exchange; (2) The Verifier agrees to the experimental request: The verifier confirms the request by executing a smart contract function called confirmRequest, which verifies whether the experimenter has the right to request verification data; the verifier then confirms the values of P and Q through a smart contract function called confirmPQ; (3) The experimenter and the verifier privately generate A and B: The experimenter randomly generates a secret number a and calculates A = Q^a mod P; the verifier generates a random secret number b and calculates B = Q^b mod P; the experimenter and the verifier exchange A and B through a smart contract: the experimenter uses a smart contract function called sendA to send A to the verifier; the verifier uses a smart contract function called sendB to send B to the experimenter.
6. The method for storing and recording large-scale experimental evidence based on blockchain smart contracts and IPFS according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (3), using Deffi-Hellman, the experimenter and the verifier calculate the shared secret s = B^a modp = A^b mod p.
7. The method for storing and recording large-scale experimental data based on blockchain smart contracts and IPFS according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (5), the encrypted private key is transmitted, the data is verified and the evidence is stored. The specific steps are: (1) The experimenter sends the IPFS address to the verifier through the smart contract; (2) The verifier shares the secret to decrypt the experimental data and verify it. The specific steps are as follows: the verifier obtains the IPFS address of the encrypted private key from the smart contract, retrieves the encrypted private key from IPFS, uses the same KDF to derive the same symmetric encryption key from the shared secret s, and uses the derived key to decrypt the AES-encrypted private key. The private key can now be used to decrypt the experimental data. (3) After successful verification, the verifier will create an NFT based on the experiment and give it to the experimenter through a smart contract. At the same time, the NFT is stored on the blockchain as an experimental certificate. To ensure the proof process, traceability, and privacy, the following information can be stored in the NFT: Experiment details: NFT can include all necessary information about the experiment, such as the experiment name, date, location, experimental equipment used, experimental protocol, and any other relevant details; IPFS address hash: NFT can also contain the IPFS address hash of encrypted experimental data and private key for easy reference and verification; Experiment certificate ID: NFT can have a unique ID or serial number to identify the experimental certificate and its authenticity; Verification information: NFT can contain information about the verification process, including the details of the verifier and any other relevant information; Timestamps: NFTs can also include timestamps to indicate when the experiment was conducted and when the certificate was issued.