Method for cultivating eucommia ulmoides with high chlorogenic acid content in saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation and planting of medicinal plants, in particular to a method for cultivating high-chlorogenic-acid-content eucommia ulmoides in saline-alkali soil. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: (1) leveling the ground, removing pebbles, raking soil blocks to be fine, deeply ploughing for 20-30cm, and raking; (2) ridging is conducted, the width of each ridge is 1.0-1.5 m, the height of each ridge is 0.4-0.6 m, and the distance between every two ridges is 1.0-1.5 m; (3) digging planting holes, laying 5-10 kg of straw at the bottom, and uniformly mixing hole soil with an improved material composed of 5-10 kg of organic bacterial fertilizer, 5-10 g of carboxylated graphene oxide powder, 1-5 g of humic acid and 0.1-0.5 kg of compound fertilizer to obtain mixed cultivation soil; (4) transplanting eucommia ulmoides seedlings of 3-5 years old, compacting the eucommia ulmoides seedlings with cultivation soil, and carrying out drip irrigation and watering with root fixing water; (5) after transplanting for 7-10 days, irrigating the roots with an acid-base equilibrium liquid once; topdressing is performed twice from April to August. The method provided by the invention can effectively improve the content of chlorogenic acid in the folium cortex eucommiae.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation and planting of medicinal plants, in particular to a method for cultivating eucommia ulmoides with high chlorogenic acid content in saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] Chlorogenic acid is an important bioactive substance with antibacterial and antiviral properties, including white blood cell count enhancement, liver and choleretic protection, anti-tumor effects, blood pressure and lipid lowering, free radical scavenging, and central nervous system stimulation. It has a wide range of applications, primarily in the pharmaceutical, daily chemical, and food industries. Eucommia ulmoides leaves contain a high concentration of chlorogenic acid. Large-scale artificial cultivation makes them the primary raw material for industrial chlorogenic acid production, resulting in low costs and making them the most promising raw material for chlorogenic acid production. Increasing the chlorogenic acid content in Eucommia ulmoides leaves, further reducing production costs, and enhancing the efficient use of medicinal plants are key trends in the green development of the chlorogenic acid industry.

[0003] While saline-alkali soils are unsuitable for growing medicinal plants due to their high concentrations of salt and alkali, severe compaction and stickiness, and poor physical and chemical properties, they still possess general soil characteristics and represent a potential land resource. Eucommia ulmoides, which thrives in soils with a pH range of 6.5-7.5, is difficult to grow in saline-alkali soils. Therefore, developing a method for cultivating Eucommia ulmoides with high chlorogenic acid content on saline-alkali soils is crucial for obtaining high-quality and high-yield chlorogenic acid and for the development and utilization of saline-alkali soils. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the above content, the present invention provides a method for cultivating Eucommia ulmoides with high chlorogenic acid content suitable for cultivation in saline-alkali land.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is a method for cultivating Eucommia ulmoides with high chlorogenic acid content in saline-alkali soil, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Land preparation: Use mechanical means to level the ground of coastal saline-alkali land, remove stones, break up large clods and harrow the ground, plow the ground 20-30 cm deep and then harrow it flat;

[0008] (2) Ridge formation and drip irrigation tape laying: ridge width 1.0-1.5 meters, ridge height 0.4-0.6 meters, ridge ditch width 1.0-1.5 meters, drip irrigation tape laying, dripper spacing 30-40 cm, flow rate 2-4 L / h.

[0009] (3) Planting holes and treatment: dig planting holes with a diameter of 50-100 cm and a depth of 60-100 cm, lay 5-10 kg of straw at the bottom of the planting holes, and evenly mix the soil dug out of the planting holes with 5-10 kg of organic fertilizer, 5-10 g of carboxylated graphene oxide powder, 1-5 g of humic acid, and 0.1-0.5 kg of compound fertilizer to obtain mixed cultivation soil;

[0010] (4) Transplanting: Transplant Eucommia ulmoides seedlings between March and early April, or between October and November; place the Eucommia ulmoides seedlings with intact root systems into the planting holes, allowing the roots to spread naturally, then fill with mixed cultivation soil and water to allow the roots to take root;

[0011] (5) Field management: Irrigate the roots with acid-base balanced solution 7-10 days after transplanting; apply fertilizer twice in April-August.

[0012] In step (3), the purpose of laying straw at the bottom of the hole is to block the return of salt and alkali.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (1), the salt content of the coastal saline-alkali land is not greater than 2.0%, and the pH value is not greater than 8.5.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (4), 3-5 year old Eucommia ulmoides seedlings are used.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (4), the mixed cultivation soil is filled into the planting hole in layers and compacted to prevent the roots from being suspended in the air.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (5), the acid-base balance solution is prepared by diluting potassium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium phosphate and / or potassium fulvate at a ratio of 1:800-1000.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (5), topdressing is performed by spraying 5‰ urea, 3‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate and / or 1:800-1000 times diluted potassium humate on the leaves, and 5-6 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per mu of root of each Eucommia tree in July and August.

[0018] The second technical solution of the present invention is a cultivation method for increasing the chlorogenic acid content in Eucommia ulmoides leaves, which adopts the above-mentioned method for cultivating Eucommia ulmoides with high chlorogenic acid content in saline-alkali soil.

[0019] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0020] In response to the problem that medicinal plants are difficult to grow in saline-alkali soil due to high salinity, viscosity, and lack of good granular structure, the present invention proposes a systematic saline-alkali soil cultivation method for Eucommia ulmoides with high chlorogenic acid content in its leaves. The present invention adopts carboxylated graphene oxide powder, humic acid, acid-base balance adjustment and ridge cultivation to enable Eucommia ulmoides to grow normally in saline-alkali soil, and promotes chlorogenic acid synthesis through the stimulation of carboxylated graphene oxide powder, thereby greatly increasing the chlorogenic acid content in Eucommia ulmoides leaves. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0022] It should be understood that the terms described herein are intended only to describe particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for numerical ranges herein, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded within the scope.

[0023] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated document, the contents of this specification shall prevail.

[0024] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of the invention. The description and examples are intended to be exemplary only.

[0025] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0026] The "room temperature" mentioned in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, refers to 20-30°C.

[0027] Unless otherwise specified, “%” or “‰” mentioned in the present invention refers to mass percentage or mass thousandth.

[0028] The present invention provides a method for cultivating Eucommia ulmoides with a high chlorogenic acid content in saline-alkali soil, specifically involving land preparation, ridge cultivation, base fertilizer application, watering, and topdressing. The present invention improves the survival rate of Eucommia ulmoides in saline-alkali soil by applying carboxylated graphene oxide powder, humic acid, and organic bacterial fertilizer. In particular, the chlorogenic acid content in Eucommia ulmoides leaves is increased by more than 30 times the pharmacopoeial value, providing high-quality raw materials for industrial extraction of chlorogenic acid and high-quality APIs for the traditional Chinese medicine industry. The cultivation method comprises the following steps:

[0029] (1) Land preparation: Select a sunny, used or unused coastal saline-alkali land, level the ground mechanically, remove stones, break up large clods, and harrow the ground to a depth of 20-30 cm before raking it flat.

[0030] (2) Ridge formation and drip irrigation tape laying: ridge width 1.0-1.5 meters, ridge height 0.4-0.6 meters, ridge furrow width 1.0-1.5 meters, drip irrigation tape laying, dripper spacing 40 cm, flow rate 2-4 L / h;

[0031] (3) Planting holes and treatment: Before transplanting, dig a planting hole. The size and depth of the hole are determined according to the root system of Eucommia ulmoides and the diameter of the sapling stem. The diameter of the hole is 50-100 cm and the depth is 60-100 cm. 5-10 kg of straw is laid at the bottom of the planting hole. The soil dug out of the planting hole is evenly mixed with 5-10 kg of organic fertilizer, 5-15 g of carboxylated graphene oxide powder, 1-5 g of humic acid, and 0.1-0.5 kg of compound fertilizer to obtain mixed cultivation soil.

[0032] (4) Transplantation: Eucommia ulmoides seedlings should be transplanted in spring or autumn, from March to early April in spring and from October to November in autumn. Place the Eucommia ulmoides seedlings with intact root systems into the planting holes, allowing the roots to spread naturally, and then fill with mixed cultivation soil. When filling the soil, tamp it down layer by layer to prevent the roots from hanging in the air. Water the roots promptly after transplanting.

[0033] (5) Field management: 7-10 days after transplanting, irrigate the roots with acid-base balance solution (prepared by diluting potassium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium phosphate and / or potassium humate at a ratio of 1:800-1000); apply topdressing twice in April-August by spraying 5‰ urea, 3‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate and / or potassium humate at a ratio of 1:800-1000 on the leaves; apply 5-6 kg of organic fertilizer per mu of root per tree in July-August.

[0034] The present invention first emphasizes the necessity of improving the high salinity and alkalinity of saline-alkali soil to ensure the survival and good growth of Eucommia ulmoides. Before planting, carboxylated graphene oxide powder, humic acid, microbial organic fertilizer, etc. that can inhibit salinity and improve fertility are used in the planting hole soil to improve the adaptability of Eucommia ulmoides to the soil and create a good growth environment for the growth of Eucommia ulmoides. Then, ridge planting is adopted in conjunction with drip irrigation to ensure the survival rate of Eucommia ulmoides in saline-alkali soil. At the same time, detailed post-transplanting management measures are formulated, including precise application of acid-base balance solution, foliar fertilizer, organic fertilizer, controlled watering procedures, etc., to ensure the applicability of Eucommia ulmoides to saline-alkali soil and enrich more chlorogenic acid in the leaves.

[0035] The cultivation method of the present invention significantly improves the survival rate of eucommia transplanting and the content of chlorogenic acid in leaves by improving the soil environment in combination with modern agronomic measures, optimizing planting procedures and management, and scientific fertilization.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, the technical solutions described in the present invention are all conventional solutions in the field, and the reagents or raw materials used, unless otherwise specified, are purchased from commercial channels or have been disclosed.

[0037] The organic fertilizer used in the embodiment of the present invention is an organic fertilizer containing beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus plantarum and / or yeast purchased from Hebei Sanhe New Materials Co., Ltd., or similar products of the same enterprise.

[0038] The carboxylated graphene oxide powder used in the embodiments of the present invention was purchased from Jiangsu Xianfeng Nanomaterial Technology Co., Ltd. Similar products from the same company are also applicable to the present invention.

[0039] The coastal saline-alkali wasteland in the embodiment of the present invention has a salt content of 0.4-2.0%, a pH value of 7.5-9.0, organic matter ≤1.0 g / kg, and a cation exchange capacity <20 cmol / kg.

[0040] The compound fertilizer used in the embodiment of the present invention is a ternary compound fertilizer purchased from Jiangsu Huachang Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., with N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15.

[0041] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] A method for cultivating Eucommia ulmoides with high chlorogenic acid content in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:

[0044] Select sunny, coastal saline-alkali wasteland with an average salt content of 1.3% and a pH of 8.42. Mechanically level the ground, remove stones, and break up large clods. Plow the ground 20-30 cm deep and harrow it flat. Ridges are formed, 1.5 meters wide and 0.5 meters high, with furrows 1 meter wide. Dig planting holes, 50 cm in diameter and 60 cm deep, with plant spacing of 1.5 meters. Place 5 kg of 3-10 cm long wheat straw at the bottom of the holes. Mix the excavated soil with 5 kg of organic fertilizer, 5 g of carboxylated graphene oxide powder, 5 g of humic acid, and 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer to create a mixed soil. Select three-year-old Eucommia ulmoides seedlings and transplant them in early April. Before transplanting, place the seedlings in the planting holes to allow the roots to spread naturally. Fill the holes with the mixed soil in layers, tamping them down to ensure no overhanging roots. Lay drip irrigation tape with emitters 30 cm apart and a flow rate of 2 L / h, watering every 6 hours. Seven days after transplanting, the roots were irrigated with potassium dihydrogen phosphate diluted 1:1000 and watered for 4 hours. Topdressing was performed once in mid-May and mid-June, each time using 5‰ urea and 3‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate as a foliar spray. In mid-July, 5 kg of organic bacterial fertilizer was applied to the roots, followed by watering for 2-3 hours. The Eucommia ulmoides tree survival rate in this example was 88.8%, and the chlorogenic acid content of Eucommia ulmoides leaves was measured in September to be 2.169%.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] A method for cultivating Eucommia ulmoides with a high chlorogenic acid content in saline-alkali land differs from Example 1 only in that the coastal saline-alkali wasteland has an average salt content of 1.0% and a pH of 8.31; the mixed cultivation soil is obtained by uniformly mixing soil excavated from the planting holes with 7 kg of organic bacterial fertilizer, 6 g of carboxylated graphene oxide powder, 1 g of humic acid, and 0.3 kg of compound fertilizer; 7 days after transplanting, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is diluted 1:800 and then irrigated the roots; the Eucommia ulmoides tree survival rate in this example is 89.2%, and the chlorogenic acid content of Eucommia ulmoides leaves measured in September is 2.234%.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] A method for cultivating Eucommia ulmoides with high chlorogenic acid content in saline-alkali land differs from Example 1 only in that the coastal saline-alkali wasteland has an average salt content of 1.8% and a pH of 8.46; the dripper spacing is 30 cm, and the flow rate is 3 L / h; the mixed cultivation soil is obtained by uniformly mixing soil excavated from the planting hole with 8 kg of organic fertilizer, 8 g of carboxylated graphene oxide powder, 4 g of humic acid, and 0.2 kg of compound fertilizer; 7 days after transplanting, the soil is diluted 1:800 with diammonium phosphate and then irrigated with the roots; the Eucommia ulmoides tree survival rate in this example is 87.7%, and the chlorogenic acid content of Eucommia ulmoides leaves measured in September is 2.051%.

[0049] Example 4

[0050] A method for cultivating Eucommia ulmoides with high chlorogenic acid content in saline-alkali land differs from Example 1 only in that the coastal saline-alkali wasteland has an average salt content of 0.6% and a pH of 8.15; the mixed cultivation soil is obtained by uniformly mixing soil excavated from planting holes with 10 kg of organic bacterial fertilizer, 5 g of carboxylated graphene oxide powder, 2 g of humic acid, and 0.1 kg of compound fertilizer; 7 days after transplanting, potassium fulvate is diluted 1:900 and then irrigated the roots; the Eucommia ulmoides tree survival rate in this example is 90.4%, and the chlorogenic acid content of Eucommia ulmoides leaves measured in September is 2.963%.

[0051] Example 5

[0052] A method for cultivating Eucommia ulmoides with high chlorogenic acid content in saline-alkali land differs from Example 1 only in that the coastal saline-alkali wasteland has an average salt content of 0.4% and a pH of 8.12; mixed cultivation soil is obtained by uniformly mixing soil excavated from planting holes with 5 kg of organic bacterial fertilizer, 5 g of carboxylated graphene oxide powder, 2 g of humic acid, and 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer; seven days after transplanting, potassium fulvate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:3 and then diluted to 1:900 before root irrigation; the Eucommia ulmoides tree survival rate in this example is 92.7%, and the chlorogenic acid content of Eucommia ulmoides leaves measured in September is 3.034%.

[0053] Example 6

[0054] A method for cultivating Eucommia ulmoides with a high chlorogenic acid content in saline-alkali land differs from Example 1 only in that the coastal saline-alkali wasteland has an average salt content of 2% and a pH of 8.40; the mixed cultivation soil is obtained by uniformly mixing soil excavated from planting holes with 10 kg of organic bacterial fertilizer, 5 g of carboxylated graphene oxide powder, 5 g of humic acid, and 0.4 kg of compound fertilizer; 7 days after transplanting, potassium fulvate is diluted 1:1000 and then irrigated the roots; in this example, the Eucommia ulmoides tree survival rate is 85.2%, and the chlorogenic acid content of Eucommia ulmoides leaves measured in September is 2.365%.

[0055] Example 7

[0056] A method for cultivating Eucommia ulmoides with high chlorogenic acid content in saline-alkali soil differs from Example 5 only in that the addition of 5g of carboxylated graphene oxide powder is omitted. As a result, the Eucommia ulmoides trees shed their leaves and dried up in May after sprouting new leaves, with no trees surviving.

[0057] The chlorogenic acid content in the fresh leaves of Eucommia ulmoides in each embodiment was tested by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) according to the standards of Parts 1 and 4 of the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0058] Table 1 Survival rate and chlorogenic acid content of fresh leaves of Eucommia ulmoides

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] As can be seen from the table above, the average chlorogenic acid content of Eucommia ulmoides leaves within one year of transplanting in the present embodiment was higher than the 0.08% specified in the 2020 Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, and also higher than the chlorogenic acid content of a typical Eucommia ulmoides tree (1.153%) (measured in June, Changsha Shanghe Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Study on the Relationship between Eucommia Leaf Growth and Chlorogenic Acid Content Changes, 2017). Except for the solutions described in this application, other field management measures not described in this invention, such as Eucommia weeding, tillage management, and pest and disease control, were performed according to existing techniques.

[0062] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by persons skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Eucommia ulmoides with high chlorogenic acid content in saline-alkali soil, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Land preparation: Use mechanical means to level the ground of coastal saline-alkali land, remove stones, break up large clods and harrow the ground, plow the ground 20-30 cm deep and then harrow it flat; (2) Ridge formation and drip irrigation tape laying: ridge width 1.0-1.5 meters, ridge height 0.4-0.6 meters, ridge spacing 1.0-1.5 meters, drip irrigation tape laying, dripper spacing 30-40 cm, flow rate 2-4 L / h; (3) Planting holes and treatment: dig planting holes with a diameter of 50-100 cm and a depth of 60-100 cm, lay 5-10 kg of straw at the bottom of the planting holes, and evenly mix the soil dug out of the planting holes with 5-10 kg of organic fertilizer, 5-10 g of carboxylated graphene oxide powder, 1-5 g of humic acid, and 0.1-0.5 kg of compound fertilizer to obtain mixed cultivation soil; (4) Transplanting: Transplant Eucommia ulmoides seedlings between March and early April, or between October and November; place the Eucommia ulmoides seedlings with intact root systems into the planting holes, allowing the roots to spread naturally, then fill with mixed cultivation soil and drip irrigation to allow the roots to settle, with a watering time of 4-6 hours; (5) Field management: irrigate the roots once with acid-base balanced solution 7-10 days after transplanting; apply top dressing twice in April-August.

2. The method for cultivating Eucommia ulmoides with high chlorogenic acid content in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the salt content of the coastal saline-alkali land is not greater than 2.0%, and the pH value is not greater than 8.

5.

3. The method for cultivating Eucommia ulmoides with high chlorogenic acid content in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), 3-5 year old Eucommia ulmoides seedlings are used.

4. The method for cultivating Eucommia ulmoides with high chlorogenic acid content in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the mixed cultivation soil is filled into the planting hole in layers and compacted.

5. The method for cultivating Eucommia ulmoides with high chlorogenic acid content in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), the acid-base balance solution is prepared by diluting potassium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium phosphate and / or potassium fulvate at a ratio of 1:800-1000.

6. The method for cultivating Eucommia ulmoides with high chlorogenic acid content in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), topdressing is performed by spraying 5‰ urea, 3‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate and / or 1:800-1000 times diluted potassium humate on the leaves, and 5-6 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per mu of root of each Eucommia tree in July and August.

7. A cultivation method for increasing the chlorogenic acid content in Eucommia ulmoides leaves, characterized in that: The method for cultivating eucommia ulmoides with high chlorogenic acid content in saline-alkali soil according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is adopted.

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