Planting method for increasing wheat yield

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for increasing the wheat yield, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. Comprising the following steps: (1) ploughing soil, and applying a base fertilizer and a soil integrating agent; (2) soaking wheat seeds, sowing after accelerating germination, covering the surfaces of the seeds with multi-effect compound powder after sowing, and then covering with soil; (3) after wheat seedlings emerge, checking seedlings and filling gaps with the seedlings, and forming fertilizer supplementing ditches; and (4) controlling and managing water and fertilizer. The planting method is easy to manage, and most steps are concentrated in the early stage of planting. Meanwhile, from the two aspects of the soil environment and the survivability of the wheat seeds, the soil looseness and the water and fertilizer retention capacity are improved, the content of nutritional ingredients in the soil is increased, the germination rate, the maturing rate and the lodging-resistant capacity of the wheat are increased, and therefore the yield and quality of the wheat are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to agricultural planting, and specifically to a planting method for increasing wheat yield. Background Art

[0002] As one of the world's major staple crops, wheat's stable supply is crucial for ensuring food security. It's not only a cornerstone of the diet in many countries but also a crucial raw material for the food industry. However, in recent years, wheat production has faced significant challenges due to factors such as climate change, land degradation, and water shortages. Achieving high-yield cultivation not only provides a more secure guarantee for food safety but also significantly increases farmers' economic returns. However, wheat is susceptible to various external factors from planting to harvest, which often affect its yield and quality. To address these issues, adopting scientific planting techniques and pest and disease control measures is crucial. Scientific and appropriate planting methods can effectively improve wheat's growth efficiency and disease resistance, thereby promoting healthy growth.

[0003] Existing technology 1 adjusts the amount of fertilizer applied, the amount of three different fertilizers, namely base fertilizer, topdressing and foliar fertilizer, and the amount of foliar fertilizer applied at different times, thereby achieving the effect of reasonable fertilization. However, this technology can only reduce the cost of fertilizers, and cannot make a breakthrough in actual output, and cannot keep up with the needs of wheat planting and changes in the times. Existing technology 2 sprays the wheat leaves with a solution of methylpiperidin during the wheat seedling emergence stage; irrigates the ground with an aqueous solution of amine resin during the wheat tillering stage; sprays the wheat leaves with chlormequat during the wheat jointing stage; and blows the wheat gently with a warm air blower during the wheat flowering stage, and applies accelerated-release phosphate fertilizer per mu. This technology requires real-time observation of the entire growth cycle of wheat, which consumes manpower and material resources and is not suitable for improving planting efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to seek a technology to improve planting efficiency and simultaneously increase wheat yield and quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a planting method for increasing wheat yield. On the one hand, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the land can be improved by treating the soil. On the other hand, the germination rate and survival rate can be increased by pre-treating the seeds. By comprehensively adjusting the living environment and survival ability of wheat, the yield and quality of wheat can be improved.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present application provides a method for increasing wheat yield, comprising the following steps:

[0007] After tilling the soil, apply base fertilizer and soil integrator;

[0008] The wheat seeds are sequentially placed in warm water and soaking liquid for soaking, and then sown after germination. After sowing, the surface of the seeds is covered with a multi-effect composite powder and then covered with soil; wherein the raw materials of the soaking liquid include: white wine, water, plant ash, peat moss and seaweed;

[0009] After the wheat seedlings emerge, the seedlings are checked and supplemented, and a fertilizer ditch is opened next to the wheat row, and a number of sprinklers are set on the fertilizer ditch;

[0010] Regularly measure the growth of wheat seedlings and control and manage water and fertilizer in wheat fields.

[0011] In the above scheme, the present application increases wheat yield by two-way regulation from the perspective of the wheat growth environment and the survival ability of the wheat seeds themselves. Specifically, first, deep plowing is carried out to prevent pests and diseases in the soil, and then base fertilizer and soil integrators are used to improve the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, providing sufficient fertilizer and water for wheat seeds; secondly, by pre-treating the wheat seeds, the germination rate and vitality are improved, and after sowing, they are covered with powder that can promote seed germination and root growth, providing a favorable soil environment for wheat germination and growth; finally, reasonable fertilizer and water control of wheat can effectively improve wheat's stress resistance and production efficiency, reduce the negative impact of agricultural production on the environment, and promote sustainable agricultural development.

[0012] Furthermore, the tillage specifically includes: applying pesticides to prevent pests and diseases before tilling the land, and then spreading wood ash to adjust the pH value of the soil; turning the soil to a depth of 25cm to 35cm, placing crushed materials at the bottom of the soil, and irrigating;

[0013] The raw materials of the crushed material include: a mixture of diatomaceous earth and at least one of nut shells, grain shells and straw, and the content of diatomaceous earth in the mixture is 20wt% to 40wt%.

[0014] In this approach, both wood ash and pesticides can prevent and eliminate pests and diseases in the soil. Adjusting the soil's pH also makes it more suitable for wheat growth. Deep plowing increases soil aeration and oxygen levels. Filling the plowed soil with dry crushed materials provides energy while ensuring the soil is loose and breathable. Leveraging the rich nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of these crushed materials, the soil's biological activity and nitrogen fixation are enhanced, improving soil fertility and porosity.

[0015] Furthermore, the base fertilizer includes nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and organic fertilizers in a mass ratio of (1-3): (5-10), wherein the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers refer to compound fertilizers with a mass ratio of N:P:K of (15-30):15:(6-9), and the application standard of the base fertilizer is 50kg / mu to 100kg / mu.

[0016] In the above scheme, the base fertilizer uses a mixture of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and organic fertilizers, which can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and provide sufficient nutrients for wheat growth.

[0017] Furthermore, the soil consolidator comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0018] Silicate mineral powder: 40 to 60 parts;

[0019] Phosphate mineral powder: 20 to 30 parts;

[0020] Modified aerogel: 10 to 20 parts;

[0021] Clay minerals: 5 to 10 parts;

[0022] Natural humic acid: 1 to 5 parts.

[0023] Furthermore, the soil integrator is prepared by the following method:

[0024] A silicon source, alcohol and an acid catalyst are mixed to form an aerogel precursor solution through a sol-gel method;

[0025] adding a modifier to the aerogel precursor solution, stirring evenly and drying to obtain a modified aerogel;

[0026] Grind the silicate mineral powder and the phosphate mineral powder separately to make the particle size reach above 100 mesh;

[0027] The ground powder is mixed evenly, and clay mineral, the modified aerogel and natural humic acid are added and mixed evenly again to obtain the final soil consolidator.

[0028] In the above scheme, the raw materials are all cheap and easily available materials, the preparation method is simple, and the prepared soil integrator can loosen the soil, adjust the soil pH value, prevent the soil from becoming compacted, supplement the trace elements in the soil, and improve the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity.

[0029] Furthermore, the soaking step includes:

[0030] S1. Evenly mix liquor, water, wood ash extract, peat moss extract, and seaweed extract in a mass ratio of (1-5):(80-100):(5-20):(8-15):(10-20), and use ultrasonic vibration to obtain a soaking solution;

[0031] S2. soaking the wheat seeds in warm water and soaking liquid in sequence for 5 hours to 10 hours and 10 minutes to 30 minutes, respectively, to obtain soaked wheat seeds;

[0032] S3. Control the ambient temperature to 15° C. to 25° C., and use an ultraviolet lamp to irradiate the soaked wheat seeds for 30 min to 120 min to clean the soaked wheat seeds.

[0033] In the above scheme, the prepared soaking solution contains multiple active ingredients that have a certain regulatory effect on wheat germination. Treating wheat seeds with warm water and soaking solution increases germination rate, ensuring germination and emergence rates, and also reduces the risk of pests and diseases after sowing. Further irradiation with ultraviolet light sterilizes and disinfects the seeds, forming a protective layer, further reducing the wheat seedling mortality rate and the spread of pests and diseases.

[0034] Furthermore, the step of covering the surface of the seeds with the multi-effect composite powder and then covering with soil after sowing comprises:

[0035] Applying seeds, multi-effect compound powder, loam and backfill soil in sequence on the soil surface after applying base fertilizer and soil integrator, and compacting;

[0036] The volume ratio of the loam to the backfill soil is (1-3):(5-10); the mass ratio of the multi-effect composite powder to the seeds is (0.01-0.5):(3-10).

[0037] In the above scheme, the structural layers of the multi-effect compound powder, loam and backfill soil can control the looseness of the soil, and can also provide sufficient energy and environment during the seed germination and rooting stages. It will not cause the seeds to be compacted and unable to germinate, nor will it cause the seedlings to be unable to break through the soil. It improves the survival rate, can greatly avoid the occurrence of seedling replacement, and makes it easier for fertilizers used in later topdressing to enter the soil, come into contact with and be utilized by the wheat seedlings.

[0038] Furthermore, the multi-effect composite powder is prepared by the following method:

[0039] Camphor wood, bamboo, Artemisia annua and eggshell are weighed in a mass ratio of (10-50):(10-50):(10-20):(1-8), crushed and then mixed evenly with brassinolide. The mass fraction of the brassinolide in the multi-effect composite powder is 1% to 2.5%.

[0040] In the above scheme, the camphor wood, bamboo, sweet wormwood, and eggshells used can all be waste materials or materials directly collected from nature, with a wide range of raw materials and simple preparation. The essential oils, hormones, and active ingredients contained in these ingredients can be used in combination with brassinolide to improve crop quality and yield.

[0041] Furthermore, the width of the fertilizer ditch is 15cm to 20cm.

[0042] Furthermore, the step of controlling and managing water and fertilizer in the wheat field includes:

[0043] During the jointing stage of wheat, topdressing should be carried out at a rate of 10kg / mu to 15kg / mu;

[0044] During the wheat filling period, spray foliar fertilizer at a rate of 5kg / mu to 10kg / mu.

[0045] In summary, this application has the following advantages:

[0046] The present application discloses a planting method for increasing wheat yield, which performs early optimization treatment on soil and wheat seeds. First, by plowing and applying soil integrators, the looseness of the soil and the content of nutrients are increased, the occurrence of soil compaction is reduced, and sufficient fertilizer efficiency can be maintained throughout the wheat growth cycle. Secondly, by germination treatment of wheat seeds, the germination rate can be increased and germination can be accelerated, thereby increasing the emergence rate. Finally, after sowing, a multi-effect composite powder with the effects of providing nutrition, preventing and controlling pests and diseases, improving soil structure, and promoting plant growth is applied on the surface of the wheat seeds, further increasing the soil porosity and permeability as well as the fruiting rate and lodging resistance of wheat, thereby increasing the yield and quality of wheat. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a process for increasing wheat yield provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0048] Figure 2 This is a photo of wheat seedlings grown using the planting method of an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 3 This is a photo of wheat ready for harvest grown using the planting method of an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the examples. The examples are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Where specific conditions are not specified in the examples, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Where the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0051] It is worth mentioning that the planting method of this application is applicable to all high-yield and high-quality wheat varieties suitable for the Chengdu Plain, such as Mianmai 112, Chuannong 30, Chuanfu 7, Chuanmai 68, Nanmai 660, Kechengmai 4, Chuanmai 93, Mianmai 827, Shumai 830, Chuanmai 1247, Mianmai 902, Chuanmai 104, Zhongkemai 138, etc. The entire scheme of this application is to achieve high and stable wheat yields, green ecology, high quality and high efficiency, realize the combination of arable land use and maintenance, and efficient resource utilization.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, the present application provides a planting method for increasing wheat yield, comprising the following steps:

[0053] (1) Plough the soil, apply base fertilizer and soil integrator;

[0054] (2) soaking the wheat seeds, germinating them, and sowing them. After sowing, the surface of the seeds is covered with a multi-effect composite powder and then covered with soil;

[0055] (3) After the wheat seedlings emerge, check and supplement the seedlings, and open a fertilizer ditch next to the wheat row, with several sprinklers installed on the fertilizer ditch;

[0056] (4) Regularly measure the growth of wheat seedlings and control and manage the water and fertilizer in the wheat fields.

[0057] The technical solutions provided in this application mainly have the following effects: 1. Improve soil quality. By tilling, applying base fertilizer and soil integrators, the soil structure can be improved, the air permeability and water retention of the soil can be increased, and a good soil environment for the growth of wheat can be provided. 2. Promote seed germination. Soaking and germinating the wheat seeds can improve the germination rate and germination speed of the seeds, thereby improving the emergence rate. 3. Enhance the ability to resist diseases and pests. Covering the surface of the seeds with a multi-effect composite powder can prevent and control diseases and pests, reduce the use of pesticides, and reduce production costs. 4. Ensure that the seedlings are uniform and strong. Checking and supplementing the seedlings can ensure the uniform distribution of wheat seedlings in the field and improve land utilization. 5. Facilitate water and fertilizer management. Opening a fertilizer supplement ditch and setting up a sprinkler device is conducive to precise fertilization and watering, and improves the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization. Finally, by regularly measuring the growth of the wheat seedlings, water and fertilizer control and management can be carried out according to the actual needs of wheat. This is a conventional technical means in this field and can also play an effect of checking for omissions and filling gaps in this application. It does not belong to the technical means mainly protected by this application and can be adjusted according to actual production needs. It can be seen that the main technical means of this application are concentrated in the early stage of planting, and there is no need for full-process regulation. The planting process saves more manpower and material resources. The technical solution provided by this application can effectively increase wheat yield and increase farmers' income.

[0058] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the tillage in step (1) specifically includes: applying pesticides to prevent pests and diseases before tilling the land, and then spreading wood ash to adjust the pH value of the soil; turning the soil to a depth of 25 cm to 35 cm, placing crushed materials at the bottom of the soil, and irrigating;

[0059] The raw materials of the crushed material include: a mixture of diatomaceous earth and at least one of nut shells, grain shells and straw, and the content of diatomaceous earth in the mixture is 20wt% to 40wt%.

[0060] In this application, applying pesticides in advance can effectively prevent pests and diseases in the soil and reduce the damage that crops may suffer during growth, thereby improving the health and final yield of crops. Spreading wood ash can neutralize the acidity or alkalinity in the soil, adjust the soil pH to a range suitable for crop growth, and facilitate the absorption of nutrients by crops. Deeply plowing the soil to 25cm to 35cm can increase the permeability and water retention capacity of the soil, which is beneficial to the growth of crop roots. Placing crushed materials at the bottom of the soil, especially mixtures containing diatomaceous earth, can increase the organic matter content of the soil and improve soil fertility. Diatomaceous earth has excellent water absorption and water retention capabilities, which can promote the uniform distribution of water in the soil, reduce water evaporation, and provide a stable water supply for crops. Materials such as nut shells, grain husks and straw can increase the porosity of the soil, improve the permeability of the soil, and facilitate the respiration and growth of the root system. At the same time, using agricultural waste such as nut shells, grain husks and straw as raw materials for crushed materials can realize the resource utilization of agricultural waste and reduce environmental pollution. The combined use of diatomaceous earth and other agricultural waste reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, contributing to the protection of the ecological environment. The technical solution of this application improves the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil through comprehensive measures, providing favorable conditions for crop growth and representing an efficient and environmentally friendly agricultural planting method.

[0061] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the base fertilizer in step (1) includes nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and organic fertilizers in a mass ratio of (1-3): (5-10), wherein the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are compound fertilizers with a N:P:K ratio of (15-30): 15: (6-9), and the application standard of the base fertilizer is 50kg / mu to 100kg / mu. If the base fertilizer is applied excessively (>100kg / mu), it will lead to excessive salt concentration in the soil, causing root burn and decreased seedling emergence rate; excess nutrients will lead to excessive nutritional growth, late maturity in the later stage, and difficulty in dehydrating grains; phosphorus and potassium will be fixed and accumulated in the soil, resulting in waste of resources and environmental burden. If the base fertilizer is not applied enough, nutrients will be scarce in the seedling stage, the plants will be weak, the number of tillers will be reduced, and the ear formation rate will be low; the soil fertility will be continuously consumed, and it will be necessary to rely on later topdressing to remedy it, which will increase management costs and not meet the expectations of the present application. The mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer to organic fertilizer is (1-3): (5-10), which can balance fast-acting and long-acting nutrients. Compound fertilizer quickly replenishes nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to meet the early growth needs of wheat; organic fertilizer improves soil structure, enhances water and fertilizer retention capacity, and provides slow-release nutrients. It can avoid soil compaction. The proportion of organic fertilizer can maintain soil looseness and reduce soil acidification or compaction caused by long-term use of single chemical fertilizers. Within this ratio range, microbial activity can be improved. Organic matter promotes soil microbial reproduction and enhances nutrient conversion efficiency (such as phosphorus mineralization). If the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer to organic fertilizer is too high (such as compound fertilizer >3 parts, organic fertilizer <5 parts), it will lead to insufficient soil organic matter replenishment, resulting in long-term structural deterioration and decreased fertilizer retention capacity; chemical fertilizers release fast-acting nutrients too quickly, which can easily cause wheat to grow too tall (thin stems) and increase the risk of lodging. If the ratio is too low (e.g., compound fertilizer <1 part, organic fertilizer >10 parts), the organic fertilizer may compete with the seedlings for soil nitrogen during the initial decomposition phase (imbalance in the carbon-nitrogen ratio), leading to nitrogen deficiency during the seedling stage. Insufficient compound fertilizer supply can slow wheat growth, reduce tillering, and reduce yield. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratios in compound fertilizers are tailored to wheat's fertilizer requirements. Wheat requires a high nitrogen content (15% to 30%) during the tillering phase, with a fixed phosphorus content of 15% to support root development, and potassium (6% to 9%) providing both lodging resistance and disease resistance.

[0062] In this application, organic fertilizers can be selected from commercially available products, such as Chengdu Yuanwo biological organic fertilizer (fermented sheep manure, fermented cow manure, fermented chicken manure and high-activity organic fertilizer, etc.), such as Shijiazhuang Woye Fertilizer Industry's air-dried cow dung organic fertilizer, etc.; it can also be produced by self-fermentation, including composting agricultural waste, livestock and poultry manure, industrial waste and urban sludge, and the composting method uses conventional technology in this field.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the base fertilizer in step (1) includes nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and organic fertilizers in a mass ratio of 1:9, wherein the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are compound fertilizers with an N:P:K ratio of 30:15:6, and the application standard of the base fertilizer is 90 kg / mu.

[0064] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the soil integrator in step (1) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0065] Silicate mineral powder: 40 to 60 parts;

[0066] Phosphate mineral powder: 20 to 30 parts;

[0067] Modified aerogel: 10 to 20 parts;

[0068] Clay minerals: 5 to 10 parts;

[0069] Natural humic acid: 1 to 5 parts.

[0070] In this application, silicate mineral powder and phosphate mineral powder can improve the soil's aggregate structure, enhance soil stability and air permeability, and are beneficial to root development and water penetration; phosphate mineral powder can be used as a source of phosphate fertilizer to provide the phosphorus element required for wheat growth, while natural humic acid can increase the organic matter content of the soil and enhance soil fertility. Modified aerogel has high porosity and strong water absorption, which can effectively improve the soil's water retention capacity, reduce water evaporation, and provide a more stable water supply for crops. Modified aerogel and clay minerals can improve the soil's drought resistance and saline-alkali resistance, allowing crops to maintain a good growth state even under adverse environmental conditions. Specifically, silicates promote the silicification of wheat epidermal cells by releasing active silicon, significantly improving resistance to powdery mildew and aphids; phosphates (such as apatite) promote energy metabolism during the tillering period through the gradient release of phosphorus. Clay minerals such as montmorillonite lock ammonium, potassium and other ions in fertilizers in the interlayer domain with their high cation exchange capacity, achieving on-demand supply. The three-dimensional nanoporous network (porosity >90%) formed by the silicon-derived aerogel precursor forms a "micro-reservoir" in the soil, which can absorb more than 20 times its own weight in water and slowly release it during droughts, reducing soil moisture fluctuations by 40%-60%. The modifier constructs ion adsorption sites on the aerogel surface, forming coordination bonds with nitrogen, potassium and other ions, reducing fertilizer loss. The aerogel skeleton forms continuous ventilation channels in the soil, reducing soil bulk density and improving root respiration efficiency. Natural humic acid (containing carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups) and the porous structure of the aerogel jointly create a microbial habitat, increasing the number of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in the soil by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude. Through the three core mechanisms of aerogel water retention, mineral slow release, and humic acid growth promotion, this soil integrator successfully establishes a "water-nutrient-microorganism" dynamic balance system, thereby improving the development efficiency of the wheat root system. In general, these components of the soil integrator in the present application complement each other and work together to adjust the fertility, water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil and the soil environment.

[0071] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the soil integrator comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of silicate mineral powder, 25 parts of phosphate mineral powder, 10 parts of modified aerogel, 10 parts of clay mineral and 5 parts of natural humic acid.

[0072] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the soil integrator is prepared by the following method:

[0073] 1) A silicon source, an alcohol and an acid catalyst are mixed to form an aerogel precursor solution by a sol-gel method;

[0074] 2) adding a modifier to the aerogel precursor solution, stirring evenly and drying to obtain a modified aerogel;

[0075] 3) Grinding the silicate mineral powder and the phosphate mineral powder separately to a particle size of 100 mesh or more;

[0076] 4) The ground powder is mixed evenly, and clay minerals, modified aerogel and natural humic acid are added and mixed evenly again to obtain the final soil consolidator.

[0077] In this application, the sol-gel method is a mature preparation technology that is relatively simple to operate and easy to mass-produce. Through the grinding and mixing steps, the uniform distribution of the various components in the soil integrator is ensured, improving the stability of the product and the consistency of the effect. The ingredients in the soil integrator can improve the soil environment, make fertilizer more easily absorbed by plants, reduce fertilizer loss, and improve fertilizer utilization. The effect of the soil integrator lasts longer, reducing the need for frequent application and lowering long-term maintenance costs.

[0078] Furthermore, the soil integrator is prepared by the following method:

[0079] 1) Weighing raw materials according to weight, mixing a silicon source, an alcohol, and an acid catalyst, adjusting the pH to 6.0 to 7.5, heating at 30° C. to 50° C. for 30 to 120 minutes to condense an aerogel precursor solution, and aging for 10 to 15 hours;

[0080] 2) adding a modifier to the aerogel precursor solution, stirring uniformly and drying to obtain a modified aerogel, wherein the drying is performed by supercritical carbon dioxide drying, freeze drying or vacuum drying;

[0081] 3) Grinding the silicate mineral powder and the phosphate mineral powder separately to a particle size of 100 mesh or more;

[0082] 4) The ground powder is mixed evenly, and clay minerals, modified aerogel and natural humic acid are added and mixed evenly again to obtain the final soil consolidator.

[0083] Soil consolidator is mixed evenly with 100 times the mass of water and then sprayed at 0.5kg / m 2 ~1.0kg / m 2 Apply to the soil.

[0084] Among them, the silicon source can be silicic acid, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, i.e. tetraethyl silicate), methyl orthosilicate (TMOS, i.e. tetramethyl silicate) and silica sol, etc.; the alcohol can be methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, etc.; the acid catalyst can be at least one of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid and phosphoric acid; the modifier can be a surfactant, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the modifier can be an organic silane coupling agent, such as aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) or vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES), the modifier can be a nano-oxide, such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide, the modifier can be a cellulose derivative, such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); the modifier can be a polymer, such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylic acid.

[0085] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the soaking treatment step includes: preparing a soaking liquid, soaking the wheat seeds in the soaking liquid, and irradiating them with ultraviolet light;

[0086] Specifically comprising: S1, mixing liquor, water, wood ash extract, peat moss extract and seaweed extract in a mass ratio of (1-5):(80-100):(5-20):(8-15):(10-20), preferably in a mass ratio of 2:80:6:10:12, and using ultrasonic vibration to obtain a soaking solution;

[0087] S2. Soak the wheat seeds in warm water and soaking liquid in sequence for 5 to 10 hours and 10 to 30 minutes, respectively. Preferably, soak in warm water for 8 hours and then soak in soaking liquid for 20 minutes, so that the wheat seeds are not covered.

[0088] S3. Control the ambient temperature to 15°C to 25°C, and irradiate with ultraviolet light for 30 minutes to 120 minutes, preferably 30 minutes, and then rinse with clean water.

[0089] In this application, extracts of liquor (to regulate osmotic pressure), wood ash (containing potassium and trace elements), peat moss (water-retaining and antibacterial) and seaweed (containing natural growth hormones) are compounded, and ultrasonic vibration is combined to promote the homogenization of ingredients, which can stimulate the metabolic activity of seeds and improve the germination rate and stress resistance. A two-stage soaking process is adopted, first soaking in warm water (which can soften the seed coat) for a long time to promote water absorption, and then a short-term biological treatment is used to balance efficiency and active ingredient absorption. In this application, peat moss is used in combination with seaweed for the first time. Peat moss is rich in phenolic compounds (such as sphagnum acid) and polysaccharides, which can effectively inhibit pathogenic microorganisms (such as Fusarium and Gibberellic fungi) on the surface of seeds and in the soil, and reduce the incidence of seedling diseases; the super water absorption performance of peat moss forms a micro-water film around the seeds, delaying water evaporation and ensuring continuous water absorption during the germination stage; peat moss is weakly acidic and can neutralize soil alkalinity, alleviating germination disorders caused by soil pH imbalance. Endogenous hormones such as gibberellins and cytokinins contained in seaweed can break seed dormancy, simultaneously increase the growth rate of radicle and plumule, and improve the uniformity of seedling emergence; seaweed polysaccharides and betaine can activate the antioxidant enzyme system of wheat (such as SOD, POD), and enhance the tolerance of seedlings to low temperature, saline-alkali and other stresses; seaweed is rich in trace nutrients such as iodine, zinc, and selenium, which promote the activation of amylase in seed endosperm and accelerate the transport of endosperm nutrients to the plumule. When the two are used in combination, the acidic components of peat moss soften the seed coat and, combined with the active substances of seaweed, significantly improve the absorption efficiency of mineral elements by the seed cell membrane; the antibacterial effect of peat moss reduces energy loss, and seaweed hormones drive energy for plumule development in a targeted manner, thereby improving germination potential; the combination of peat moss and seaweed extract optimizes the seed germination environment from multiple dimensions of physical protection, biological stimulation, and chemical regulation, laying the foundation for high and stable yields.

[0090] In this application, the plant ash extract is prepared by the following method:

[0091] Pour the wood ash into a bucket, slowly add water in a ratio of 1:10 or 1:20, and stir continuously with a stirring rod until the wood ash is completely immersed in the water; soak the wood ash in water for about 3 days, stirring it once a day during this period to ensure that the wood ash is evenly dissolved in the water; filter the wood ash extract with a sieve or cloth to remove solid residues to obtain clean wood ash extract.

[0092] In this application, the peat moss (or seaweed) extract is prepared by the following method:

[0093] Dried peat moss (or seaweed) is crushed and placed in a mixed aqueous solution of phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide, followed by ultrasonic extraction to obtain the product. The seaweed can be red algae, brown algae, fern algae, gracilaria, sandweed, finger-branched algae, fan-shaped algae, and digitata algae, with red algae and brown algae having a higher fiber content being preferred. The mass ratio of the crushed peat moss to the mixed aqueous solution is 1:(15-20), and the mass ratio of the crushed seaweed to the mixed aqueous solution is 1:(5-10). The phosphoric acid content in the mixed aqueous solution is 2.5% (V / V) to 5% (V / V), and the potassium hydroxide content is 5wt% to 12wt%. The ultrasonic extraction parameters are: temperature 30°C to 35°C, ultrasonic power 1000W to 3000W, and time 15min to 30min.

[0094] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the step of covering the surface of the seeds with the multi-effect composite powder and then covering with soil after sowing includes:

[0095] Applying seeds, multi-effect composite powder, loam and backfill soil in sequence on the surface of the soil treated in step (1) and compacting them;

[0096] The volume ratio of the loam to the backfill soil is (1-3):(5-10); the mass ratio of the multi-effect composite powder to the seeds is (0.01-0.5):(3-10).

[0097] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the volume ratio of the loam to the backfill soil is 3:10; the mass ratio of the multi-effect composite powder to the seeds is 0.1:5. The loam referred to in this application is loamy soil, which is a soil type between sandy soil and clay soil, and has moderate aeration, water permeability, water retention and fertilizer retention. In some practical application scenarios, the selection of sandy soil and clay soil can also have the effect of increasing wheat yield, but loamy soil works best with the other materials in this application.

[0098] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the multi-effect composite powder is prepared by the following method:

[0099] According to the mass ratio of (10-50): (10-50): (10-20): (1-8), camphor wood, bamboo, artemisia annua and eggshell are weighed, crushed and stirred evenly with brassinolide, and the mass fraction of the brassinolide in the multi-effect composite powder is 1% to 2.5%. Preferably, the mass ratio of camphor wood, bamboo, artemisia annua and eggshell is 20:30:10:5, the mass fraction of the brassinolide in the multi-effect composite powder is 2.5%, and the particle size of the camphor wood, bamboo, artemisia annua and eggshell after crushing does not exceed 0.5mm. Among them, the lower limit of camphor wood can provide basic protection, and the upper limit avoids excessive phenolic substances from inhibiting seed germination. Bamboo and camphor wood dynamically complement each other, and a high ratio is suitable for silicon-poor soil, and a low ratio avoids excessive bamboo fiber from affecting the dispersibility of the powder. The lower limit of 1% of the brassinolide content ensures effective activation of growth signals (such as cell elongation), and the upper limit of 2.5% prevents excessive stimulation from leading to excessive growth (thin stems and easy lodging).

[0100] In this application, plant materials such as camphor wood, bamboo and Artemisia annua may contain natural antibacterial and insect repellent ingredients, which can reduce the occurrence of wheat diseases and pests and reduce the use of pesticides; eggshell powder contains a large amount of calcium and phosphorus, which are important nutrients required for plant growth and can supplement the nutrients in the soil. The addition of eggshell powder and other plant powders can improve the physical properties of the soil and increase the air permeability and water retention of the soil. Brassinolide is a plant growth regulator that can promote the development of wheat roots, enhance the plant's stress resistance, and increase growth rate. The multiple ingredients in the composite powder work together to not only provide nutrition, but also prevent and control diseases and pests, with multiple effects. The use of the multi-effect composite powder provided in this application can help improve the yield and quality of wheat by improving the soil environment and promoting plant growth.

[0101] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the width of the fertilizer ditch is 15 cm to 20 cm, which can be used as a passage for farmers to walk and harvest, as a route for adding fertilizer, or for directly applying fertilizer in the fertilizer ditch so that the fertilizer slowly contacts the wheat and is absorbed by the wheat.

[0102] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the step of controlling and managing water and fertilizer in the wheat field includes:

[0103] During the jointing stage of wheat, topdressing should be carried out at a rate of 10kg / mu to 15kg / mu;

[0104] During the wheat filling period, spray foliar fertilizer at a rate of 5kg / mu to 10kg / mu.

[0105] For topdressing, you can choose a nitrogen-based quick-acting fertilizer, such as ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium nitrate, or a phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Dissolve it in water and apply it to the plant via irrigation or spraying with a sprinkler. Foliar fertilizers include a 0.1% to 0.2% borax solution or a 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution. Foliar fertilizers should ideally be applied before 9:00 AM or after 4:00 PM, avoiding high temperatures to prevent phytotoxicity.

[0106] The above technical solutions of the present application are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0107] In the following examples, the plant ash extract was prepared by the following method:

[0108] Pour the wood ash into a bucket, slowly add water in a ratio of 1:10, and stir continuously with a stirring rod until the wood ash is completely immersed in the water; soak the wood ash in water for 3 days, stirring once a day during this period to allow the wood ash to dissolve evenly in the water; filter the wood ash extract with a sieve to remove solid residues to obtain a clean wood ash extract.

[0109] The peat moss (or seaweed) extract is prepared by the following method:

[0110] Dried peat moss (or brown algae) is crushed and placed in a mixed aqueous solution of phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide, followed by ultrasonic extraction. The mass ratio of the crushed peat moss to the mixed aqueous solution is 1:15, and the mass ratio of the crushed brown algae to the mixed aqueous solution is 1:10. The volume fraction of phosphoric acid in the mixed aqueous solution is 2.5%, and the potassium hydroxide content is 5wt%. The ultrasonic extraction parameters are: temperature 30°C, ultrasonic power 3000W, and time 20 minutes.

[0111] Example 1

[0112] This embodiment discloses a planting method for increasing wheat yield, comprising the following steps:

[0113] 1. Till the soil, apply base fertilizer and soil integrator

[0114] 1. Before tilling the land, apply pesticides to prevent pests and diseases, then apply wood ash to adjust the soil pH to 6.5; plow the soil to a depth of 25 cm, place crushed materials at the bottom of the soil, and irrigate;

[0115] The raw materials of the crushed material include diatomaceous earth, rice husk and straw. The content of diatomaceous earth in the crushed material is 30wt%, the content of rice husk is 30wt% and the content of straw is 40wt%.

[0116] 2. Sprinkle base fertilizer on the plowed soil. The base fertilizer includes nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and organic fertilizers in a mass ratio of 1:9. The organic fertilizer is Chengdu Yuanwo biological fermented chicken manure, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are compound fertilizers with a N:P:K ratio of 30:15:6. The application standard of base fertilizer is 90kg / mu.

[0117] 3. Prepare soil integrator, mix with 100 times the mass of water and add 0.5kg / m 2 Applied to the soil, the soil integrator includes the following raw materials by weight: 50 parts of silicate mineral powder, 25 parts of phosphate mineral powder, 10 parts of modified aerogel, 10 parts of clay mineral and 5 parts of natural humic acid. The natural humic acid is purchased from Zhenxing Natural Weathered Coal Humic Acid 80 Mesh Mineral Source Humic Acid in Yaodu District, Linfen City (the same below).

[0118] The soil integrator is prepared by the following method:

[0119] 1) Weighing raw materials according to weight, mixing TEOS, n-butanol and sulfuric acid, adjusting the pH to 7.0, heating at 30° C. for 60 minutes to condense into an aerogel precursor solution, and aging for 12 hours;

[0120] 2) adding carboxymethyl cellulose to the aerogel precursor solution, stirring evenly and vacuum drying to obtain a modified aerogel;

[0121] 3) Grinding the talc powder and the apatite powder separately to a particle size of 100 mesh or more;

[0122] 4) The ground powder is mixed evenly, and clay minerals, modified aerogel and natural humic acid are added and mixed evenly again to obtain the final soil consolidator.

[0123] 2. Soak the wheat seeds, germinate and sow them, then cover the surface of the seeds with multi-effect compound powder and then cover with soil.

[0124] 4. Mix the liquor, water, wood ash extract, peat moss extract and seaweed extract in a mass ratio of 2:80:6:10:12, and use 500W ultrasonic vibration for 20 minutes to obtain a soaking solution.

[0125] 5. Soak in 30℃ warm water for 8 hours and then in soaking liquid for 20 minutes. The soaking should be enough to cover the wheat seeds.

[0126] 6. Control the ambient temperature to 25℃, irradiate with ultraviolet light for 30 minutes, and then rinse with clean water.

[0127] 7. Sow the treated wheat seeds, apply multi-effect compound powder, loam and backfill soil on the surface after sowing, and compact them.

[0128] The multi-effect composite powder is prepared by the following method:

[0129] Camphor wood, bamboo, Artemisia annua and eggshell are weighed in a mass ratio of 20:30:10:5, crushed and evenly mixed with brassinolide. The mass fraction of brassinolide in the multi-effect composite powder is 2.5%.

[0130] 3. After the wheat seedlings emerge, check and replant the seedlings, and open a fertilizer ditch next to the wheat row. The width of the fertilizer ditch is 15 cm, and sprinklers are installed on the fertilizer ditch.

[0131] 4. Regularly measure the growth of wheat seedlings and control and manage the water and fertilizer in the wheat fields, including: during the jointing stage of wheat, topdressing treatment with Hualu Hengsheng ammonium bicarbonate water-soluble fertilizer at a fertilizer rate of 15kg / mu;

[0132] During the wheat filling period, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as foliar fertilizer at a fertilizer rate of 10 kg / mu.

[0133] Example 2

[0134] This embodiment discloses a planting method for increasing wheat yield, comprising the following steps:

[0135] 1. Till the soil, apply base fertilizer and soil integrator

[0136] 1. Before tilling the land, apply pesticides to prevent pests and diseases, then apply wood ash to adjust the soil pH to 6.5; plow the soil to a depth of 35 cm, place crushed materials at the bottom of the soil, and irrigate;

[0137] The raw materials of the crushed materials include: a mixture of diatomaceous earth and straw, wherein the content of diatomaceous earth in the mixture is 40wt%.

[0138] 2. Sprinkle base fertilizer on the plowed soil. The base fertilizer includes nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and organic fertilizers with a mass ratio of 3:10. The organic fertilizer is Chengdu Yuanwo biological fermented chicken manure, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are compound fertilizers with a N:P:K ratio of 30:15:9. The application standard of base fertilizer is 75kg / mu.

[0139] 3. Prepare soil integrator, mix with 100 times the mass of water and add 0.5kg / m 2 The soil integrator is applied to the soil and includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of silicate mineral powder, 25 parts of phosphate mineral powder, 15 parts of modified aerogel, 10 parts of clay mineral and 5 parts of natural humic acid.

[0140] The soil integrator is prepared by the following method:

[0141] 1) Weighing raw materials according to weight, mixing tetraethyl orthosilicate, isopropyl alcohol, and sulfuric acid, adjusting the pH to 7.0, heating at 30° C. for 30 minutes to condense into an aerogel precursor solution, and aging for 15 hours;

[0142] 2) adding polyvinyl alcohol to the aerogel precursor solution, stirring evenly and freeze-drying at -10°C to obtain a modified aerogel;

[0143] 3) Grinding the talc powder and the apatite powder separately to a particle size of 100 mesh or more;

[0144] 4) The ground powder is mixed evenly, and clay minerals, modified aerogel and natural humic acid are added and mixed evenly again to obtain the final soil consolidator.

[0145] 2. Soak the wheat seeds, germinate and sow them, then cover the surface of the seeds with multi-effect compound powder and then cover with soil.

[0146] 4. Mix the liquor, water, wood ash extract, peat moss extract and seaweed extract in a mass ratio of 5:90:5:15:10, and use 500W ultrasonic vibration for 15 minutes to obtain a soaking solution.

[0147] 5. Soak in warm water for 5 hours and then in soaking liquid for 30 minutes, making sure the wheat seeds are covered.

[0148] 6. Control the ambient temperature to 25℃, irradiate with ultraviolet light for 30 minutes, and then rinse with clean water.

[0149] 7. Sow the treated wheat seeds, apply multi-effect compound powder, loam and backfill soil on the surface after sowing, and compact them.

[0150] The multi-effect composite powder is prepared by the following method:

[0151] Camphor wood, bamboo, Artemisia annua and eggshell are weighed in a mass ratio of 30:30:20:8, crushed and evenly mixed with brassinolide. The mass fraction of brassinolide in the multi-effect composite powder is 1%.

[0152] 3. After the wheat seedlings emerge, check and replant the seedlings, and open a fertilizer ditch next to the wheat row. The width of the fertilizer ditch is 20 cm, and sprinklers are installed on the fertilizer ditch.

[0153] 4. Regularly measure the growth of wheat seedlings and control and manage the water and fertilizer in the wheat fields, including: during the jointing stage of wheat, topdressing treatment with Hualu Hengsheng ammonium bicarbonate water-soluble fertilizer at a fertilizer rate of 15kg / mu;

[0154] During the wheat filling period, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as foliar fertilizer at a fertilizer rate of 5kg / mu.

[0155] Example 3

[0156] This embodiment discloses a planting method for increasing wheat yield, comprising the following steps:

[0157] 1. Till the soil, apply base fertilizer and soil integrator

[0158] 1. Before tilling the land, apply pesticides to prevent pests and diseases, then apply wood ash to adjust the soil pH; plow the soil to a depth of 25 cm, place crushed materials at the bottom of the soil, and irrigate;

[0159] The raw materials of the crushed material include: a mixture of diatomaceous earth, peanut shells, rice husks and straw, the content of diatomaceous earth in the mixture is 30wt%, and the mass ratio of peanut shells, rice husks and straw is 1:1:5.

[0160] 2. Sprinkle base fertilizer on the plowed soil. The base fertilizer includes nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and organic fertilizers in a mass ratio of 2:8. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are compound fertilizers with a N:P:K ratio of 16:15:8. The application standard of base fertilizer is 100kg / mu, and the organic fertilizer is Chengdu Yuanwo biological fermented chicken manure.

[0161] 3. Prepare soil integrator, mix with 100 times the mass of water and add 0.5kg / m 2 The soil integrator is applied to the soil and includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts of silicate mineral powder, 25 parts of phosphate mineral powder, 10 parts of modified aerogel, 7 parts of clay mineral and 3 parts of natural humic acid.

[0162] The soil integrator is prepared by the following method:

[0163] 1) Weighing raw materials according to weight, methyl orthosilicate, methanol and phosphoric acid were mixed, the pH was adjusted to 7.5, heated at 30° C. for 30 minutes to condense into an aerogel precursor solution, and aged for 10 hours;

[0164] 2) adding sodium lauryl sulfate to the aerogel precursor solution, stirring uniformly and performing supercritical carbon dioxide drying to obtain a modified aerogel;

[0165] 3) Grinding the talc powder and the apatite powder separately to a particle size of 100 mesh or more;

[0166] 4) The ground powder is mixed evenly, and clay minerals, modified aerogel and natural humic acid are added and mixed evenly again to obtain the final soil consolidator.

[0167] 2. Soak the wheat seeds, germinate and sow them, then cover the surface of the seeds with multi-effect compound powder and then cover with soil.

[0168] 4. Mix the liquor, water, wood ash extract, peat moss extract and seaweed extract in a mass ratio of 3:100:10:8:15, and use 300W ultrasonic vibration for 20 minutes to obtain a soaking solution.

[0169] 5. Soak in 30℃ warm water for 8 hours and then in soaking liquid for 20 minutes. The soaking should be enough to cover the wheat seeds.

[0170] 6. Control the ambient temperature to 25℃, irradiate with ultraviolet light for 30 minutes, and then rinse with clean water.

[0171] 7. Sow the treated wheat seeds, apply multi-effect compound powder, loam and backfill soil on the surface after sowing, and compact them.

[0172] The multi-effect composite powder is prepared by the following method:

[0173] Camphor wood, bamboo, Artemisia annua and eggshell are weighed in a mass ratio of 20:50:20:5, crushed and then mixed evenly with brassinolide. The mass fraction of brassinolide in the multi-effect composite powder is 2%.

[0174] 3. After the wheat seedlings emerge, check and replant the seedlings, and open a fertilizer ditch next to the wheat row. The width of the fertilizer ditch is 15 cm, and sprinklers are installed on the fertilizer ditch.

[0175] 4. Regularly measure the growth of wheat seedlings and control and manage the water and fertilizer in the wheat fields, including: during the jointing stage of wheat, topdressing treatment with Hualu Hengsheng ammonium bicarbonate water-soluble fertilizer at a fertilizer rate of 15kg / mu;

[0176] During the wheat filling period, spray 0.2% borax solution as foliar fertilizer at a rate of 10 kg / mu.

[0177] Comparative Example 1

[0178] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no soil integrator is applied.

[0179] Comparative Example 2

[0180] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the soil consolidator comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of silicate mineral powder, 25 parts of phosphate mineral powder, 10 parts of clay mineral and 5 parts of natural humic acid.

[0181] Comparative Example 3

[0182] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the wheat seeds are only soaked in warm water.

[0183] Comparative Example 4

[0184] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the wheat seeds are only soaked in the soaking liquid.

[0185] Comparative Example 5

[0186] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the multi-effect composite powder is not applied.

[0187] Comparative Example 6

[0188] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the treated wheat seeds are sown, and after sowing, a brassinolide solution, loam and backfill soil are applied on the surface of the seeds and compacted.

[0189] Experiment: A wheat planting experiment was conducted on the Tianfu Greenway in Chengdu. Seven experimental groups were set up. The same type of wheat (Mianmai 902) was sown using the methods of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-6, with a sowing rate of 20 kg per mu. The yield, lodging rate, wheat bulk density and other data were tested. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0190] Table 1

[0191]

[0192] As can be seen from Table 1, wheat is planted using the planting method provided by the application, and the yield, tiller number per mu, bulk density and 1000-grain weight of wheat are all improved, and the lodging rate is also greatly reduced. Specifically, by comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that the soil integrator has a greater impact on wheat anti-lodging. By using the soil integrator containing multiple components of the application, the compaction of the soil can be improved, the air permeability and stability can be improved, and the soil can also be given more abundant nutrients, the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved, and the tiller number and 1000-grain weight of wheat are improved. By comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4, it can be seen that germination treatment of wheat seeds can improve germination rate and improve antiviral ability, promote the activity of enzymes inside seeds, accelerate the conversion of nutrients, thereby improving seed vigor and germination rate. Although warm water can also promote seed germination, its effect is obviously not as good as the soaking solution provided by the application, which can be significantly improved. Comparison of Example 1 with Comparative Examples 5 and 6 shows that the multi-effect compound powder has a certain effect on both yield and lodging rate, particularly lodging rate. This is because the ingredients contained in the multi-effect compound powder can adjust the physical properties of the soil, improve the growth of wheat roots, and enhance wheat's stress resistance. It also further affects wheat yield and quality by supplementing nutrients.

[0193] Although the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this patent. Within the scope described by the claims, various modifications and variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work are still within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. A planting method for increasing wheat yield, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: After tilling the soil, apply base fertilizer and soil integrator; The wheat seeds are sequentially placed in warm water and soaking liquid for soaking, and then sown after germination. After sowing, the surface of the seeds is covered with a multi-effect composite powder and then covered with soil; wherein the raw materials of the soaking liquid include: white wine, water, plant ash, peat moss and seaweed; After the wheat seedlings emerge, the seedlings are checked and supplemented, and a fertilizer ditch is opened next to the wheat row, and a number of sprinkler devices are set on the fertilizer ditch; Regularly measure the growth of wheat seedlings and control and manage water and fertilizer in wheat fields.

2. The method for increasing wheat yield according to claim 1, wherein: The tillage specifically includes: applying pesticides to prevent pests and diseases before ploughing the land, then spreading wood ash to adjust the pH value of the soil; turning the soil to a depth of 25cm to 35cm, placing crushed materials at the bottom of the soil, and irrigating; The raw materials of the crushed material include: a mixture of diatomaceous earth and at least one of nut shells, grain shells and straw, and the content of diatomaceous earth in the mixture is 20wt% to 40wt%.

3. The method for increasing wheat yield according to claim 1, wherein: The base fertilizer includes nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and organic fertilizers in a mass ratio of (1-3): (5-10), wherein the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers refer to compound fertilizers in a mass ratio of N:P:K of (15-30):15:(6-9), and the application standard of the base fertilizer is 50kg / mu to 100kg / mu.

4. The method for increasing wheat yield according to claim 1, wherein: The soil consolidator comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Silicate mineral powder: 40 to 60 parts; Phosphate mineral powder: 20 to 30 parts; Modified aerogel: 10 to 20 parts; Clay minerals: 5 to 10 parts; Natural humic acid: 1 to 5 parts.

5. The method for increasing wheat yield according to claim 4, wherein: The soil integrator is prepared by the following method: A silicon source, alcohol and an acid catalyst are mixed to form an aerogel precursor solution through a sol-gel method; adding a modifier to the aerogel precursor solution, stirring evenly and drying to obtain a modified aerogel; Grind the silicate mineral powder and the phosphate mineral powder separately to make the particle size reach above 100 mesh; The ground powder is mixed evenly, and clay mineral, the modified aerogel and natural humic acid are added and mixed evenly again to obtain the final soil consolidator.

6. The method for increasing wheat yield according to claim 1, wherein: The soaking step comprises: S1. Evenly mix liquor, water, wood ash extract, peat moss extract, and seaweed extract in a mass ratio of (1-5):(80-100):(5-20):(8-15):(10-20), and use ultrasonic vibration to obtain a soaking solution; S2. soaking the wheat seeds in warm water and soaking liquid in sequence for 5 hours to 10 hours and 10 minutes to 30 minutes, respectively, to obtain soaked wheat seeds; S3. Control the ambient temperature to 15° C. to 25° C., and use an ultraviolet lamp to irradiate the soaked wheat seeds for 30 min to 120 min to clean the soaked wheat seeds.

7. The planting method for increasing wheat yield according to claim 1, wherein: The step of covering the surface of the seeds with the multi-effect composite powder and then covering with soil after sowing comprises: Applying seeds, multi-effect compound powder, loam and backfill soil in sequence on the soil surface after applying base fertilizer and soil integrator, and compacting; The volume ratio of the loam to the backfill soil is (1-3):(5-10); the mass ratio of the multi-effect composite powder to the seeds is (0.01-0.5):(3-10).

8. The planting method for increasing wheat yield according to claim 7, wherein: The multi-effect composite powder is prepared by the following method: Camphor wood, bamboo, Artemisia annua and eggshell are weighed in a mass ratio of (10-50):(10-50):(10-20):(1-8), crushed and then mixed evenly with brassinolide. The mass fraction of the brassinolide in the multi-effect composite powder is 1% to 2.5%.

9. The planting method for increasing wheat yield according to claim 1, wherein: The width of the fertilizer supplement ditch is 15cm to 20cm.

10. The planting method for increasing wheat yield according to claim 1, wherein: The steps of controlling and managing water and fertilizer in the wheat field include: During the jointing stage of wheat, topdressing should be carried out at a rate of 10kg / mu to 15kg / mu; During the wheat filling period, spray foliar fertilizer at a rate of 5kg / mu to 10kg / mu.

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