Injection device and gas turbine engine

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of engines, and discloses an injection device and a gas turbine engine. The injection device is characterized in that a gas inlet pipe introduces gaseous fuel into a first axial flow cavity; the first axial flow cavity is communicated with the flame tube through a first vent hole; the flame tube is defined by an outer ring plate and an inner ring plate. A gap is formed between the end part of the outer ring plate and the first axial flow cavity; a first gap is formed in the tail end of the first axial flow cavity; second vent holes are formed in the side end, opposite to the tail end of the first axial flow cavity in a spaced mode, of the inner ring plate. Gaseous fuel sprayed out of the first vent holes is mixed with compressed air sprayed out of the gaps and then enters the flame tube, and the gaseous fuel is combusted in a diffusion flame mode; gaseous fuel sprayed out of the first gap is mixed with compressed air sprayed out of the second vent hole and then enters the flame tube, and the gaseous fuel is combusted in a premixed flame mode. By arranging the combustion structure for forming diffusion flames and premixed flames, the distribution uniformity of gaseous fuel is improved, local high-temperature hot spots are avoided, and the service life of the flame tube and the service life of turbine components are prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of engines, and in particular to an injection device and a gas turbine engine. Background Art

[0002] Baffled combustion chambers are a common type of combustion chamber in gas turbine engines. Fuel is typically injected into the rotor's oil slinger pan through the stator's injection passages. As the rotor slinger pan rotates at high speed, the fuel, under the influence of centrifugal force, is atomized and then burned in the combustion chamber through radially outward-facing injection holes in the rotor's oil slinger pan. Baffled combustion chambers are a common type of combustion chamber, and certain technical measures can be used to convert a kerosene-fired slinger into a hydrogen-fueled slinger combustor.

[0003] Hydrogen has the characteristics of fast combustion speed, concentrated heat release and high flame temperature, which makes it easier to produce local high temperature points and thermal nitrogen oxides (NO). x Using technical means to evenly distribute the fuel in the combustion area and reduce the degree of fuel enrichment is an effective way to reduce NO x One of the ways to reduce NO emissions is to improve the structure of the stator injection oil channel so that hydrogen is evenly distributed in the combustion chamber, which can effectively reduce NO x Providing sufficient air to the hydrogen combustion area and reducing the equivalence ratio of the combustion area can also reduce thermal NO emissions. x emissions.

[0004] For traditional stator injection oil passages, the internal flow channel generally includes an intake section, a straight section, and a circumferentially evenly distributed section. The above structure has good flow distribution uniformity for liquid fuels, but for gaseous fuels, the flow distribution uniformity is poor, which can easily cause local high-temperature hot spots in the combustion chamber, thereby increasing NO x The emissions will seriously reduce the life of the flame tube and turbine components. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides an injection device to solve the problem that the existing injection structure has poor uniformity in the flow distribution of gaseous fuel, which easily causes local high-temperature hot spots in the combustion chamber, thereby increasing NO x The problem of high emissions seriously reduces the life of the flame tube and turbine components.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a spraying device, comprising:

[0007] an air intake pipe, adapted to introduce gaseous fuel;

[0008] The mounting seat is provided with a first pressure-stabilizing chamber and a first axial flow chamber that are connected; the first pressure-stabilizing chamber is connected to the air inlet pipe; the side of the first axial flow chamber is connected to the flame tube of the deflection combustion chamber through a first vent; the flame tube is a chamber surrounded by an outer ring plate and an inner ring plate; a gap is provided between the end of the outer ring plate and the outside of the first axial flow chamber; an edge plate is provided at the end of the first axial flow chamber, and a first gap is provided between the edge plate and the first axial flow chamber; one side end of the inner ring plate is arranged relative to the edge plate at a distance, and a second vent is provided on one side end of the inner ring plate; the gaseous fuel ejected from the first vent is suitable for being mixed with the compressed air ejected from the gap and then entering the flame tube, and organizing combustion in the form of a diffusion flame; the gaseous fuel ejected from the first slit is suitable for being mixed with the compressed air ejected from the second vent and then entering the flame tube, and organizing combustion in the form of a premixed flame. Beneficial effect: The present application adopts the above technical solution, and by setting up a combustion structure that forms a diffusion flame and a premixed flame, the compressed air ejected from the second vent hole is premixed with the gaseous fuel ejected from the first gap, thereby improving the mixing uniformity; the gap after assembly forms an air film layer, and the gaseous fuel ejected from the first vent hole is mixed with the compressed air ejected from the gap, while avoiding the combustion of the gaseous fuel against the wall, reducing the equivalence ratio, thereby reducing NO x The technical solution of this application improves the uniformity of gaseous fuel flow distribution, avoids localized high-temperature hotspots, and extends the life of the flame tube and turbine components. Furthermore, the injection device of this application has the advantages of simple structure, light weight, easy processing, low cost, more uniform fuel distribution, wider combustion stability margin, and lower flashback risk.

[0009] Optionally, the mounting seat is also provided with a second axial flow cavity adjacent to the first axial flow cavity, and the second axial flow cavity is provided with a second gap at a position close to the first gap; the gaseous fuel ejected from the first gap is suitable for mixing with the compressed air ejected from the second gap and then entering the flame tube to organize combustion in the form of a premixed flame.

[0010] Optionally, the edge plate has a first state at a first temperature in which it is in contact with the inner wall of the first axial flow cavity, with the end of the first axial flow cavity sealed; and a second state at a second temperature in which it expands to form a first gap; the first temperature being lower than the second temperature. Beneficial Effect: This application adopts the above technical solution, and by providing a combustion structure that forms a diffusion flame and a premixed flame, the engine uses a diffusion combustion mode when in the first, low-temperature state, and automatically forms a premixed combustion mode when in the second, high-temperature state, significantly reducing the emission of combustion pollutants.

[0011] Optionally, it also includes:

[0012] The bleed pipe is adapted to introduce compressed air; the mounting base is further provided with a second pressure-stabilizing chamber, which is in communication with both the bleed pipe and the second axial flow chamber. Beneficial Effect: This application employs the above-described technical solution to introduce compressed air into the second axial flow chamber via the bleed pipe, where it is premixed with the gaseous fuel ejected from the first slit at the outlet of the second slit, thereby improving mixing uniformity.

[0013] Optionally, it also includes:

[0014] The diffuser is arranged on the diffuser casing and is provided with a diffuser channel; the outlet of the diffuser channel is opposite to the pipe opening of the air bleed pipe; the diffuser is suitable for conveying compressed air into the air bleed pipe through the diffuser channel.

[0015] Optionally, the diffuser casing, outer casing and inner casing form an outer cavity; the flame tube, air bleed pipe and part of the air inlet pipe are all located in the outer cavity; the diffuser is suitable for delivering compressed air to the space between the outer cavity and the flame tube; an air inlet hole is provided on the flame tube, and the compressed air enters the flame tube through the air inlet hole.

[0016] Optionally, the outer ring plate is disposed near the outer casing and the diffuser casing, and the inner ring plate is disposed near the inner casing; the outer ring plate and the inner ring plate are connected by a guide at the outer side away from the diffuser casing; the guide is a hollow structure provided with blades; the guide is adapted to guide the compressed air output by the diffuser and located between the outer casing and the outer ring plate into the cavity between the inner casing and the inner ring plate;

[0017] A swirl structure is provided between the outer ring plate and the diffuser casing. Beneficial Effects: This application adopts the above technical solution, and the swirl structure enables the compressed air to generate a circumferential swirl, so that the compressed air is mixed more evenly in the subsequent mixing.

[0018] Optionally, the flame tube is an annular tube; the air inlet pipe, the air bleed pipe and the mounting seat are at least three evenly distributed around the flame tube.

[0019] Optionally, the gaseous fuel is hydrogen.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a gas turbine engine comprising:

[0021] spindle;

[0022] The injection device is arranged around the main shaft. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional assembly structure of the injection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of the injection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional enlarged structure of the injection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Description of reference numerals:

[0028] 1. Diffuser; 2. Inlet pipe; 3. Air bleed pipe; 4. Mounting seat; 5. First pressure stabilizing chamber; 6. Second pressure stabilizing chamber; 7. First axial flow chamber; 8. Second axial flow chamber; 9. First through hole; 10. Edge plate; 11. First vent; 12. First gap; 13. Gap; 14. Second gap; 15. Second vent; 16. Diffuser casing; 17. Diffuser channel; 18. Outer casing; 19. Outer ring plate; 20. Inner ring plate; 21. Inner casing; 22. Main shaft; 23. Guide; 24. Second through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 3 A specific embodiment of the injection device shown includes: an air intake pipe 2 and a mounting base 4. The injection device described in this application is used to provide gaseous fuel and compressed air to the baffled combustion chamber, and belongs to an air supply structure used in an engine.

[0031] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the intake pipe 2 is suitable for introducing gaseous fuel; specifically, the gaseous fuel can be hydrogen. The mounting base 4 is provided with a first pressure stabilizing chamber 5 and a first axial flow chamber 7 that are connected. Specifically, the first pressure stabilizing chamber 5 and the first axial flow chamber 7 can be connected through a first through hole 9; the first pressure stabilizing chamber 5 is connected to the intake pipe 2; the side of the first axial flow chamber 7 is connected to the flame tube of the deflected flow combustion chamber through a first vent hole 11; the first vent hole 11 is a plurality of circumferentially distributed on the outer wall of the first axial flow chamber 7. The cross section of the intake pipe 2 described in the present application can be a circular cross section or other shapes. Of course, the intake pipe 2 can also be a variable cross section structure.

[0032] The flame tube is a chamber enclosed by an outer ring plate 19 and an inner ring plate 20. A gap 13 is provided between the end of the outer ring plate 19 and the exterior of the first axial flow chamber 7. An edge plate 10 is provided at the end of the first axial flow chamber 7. The edge plate 10 is an annular plate. Both the first axial flow chamber 7 and the first pressure-stabilizing chamber 5 are annular cavities. A first gap 12 is provided between the edge plate 10 and the first axial flow chamber 7. The first gap 12 is distributed circumferentially. One side end of the inner ring plate 20 is spaced apart from the edge plate 10 and is provided with a plurality of second vents 15. The gaseous fuel ejected from the first vent 11 is suitable for mixing with the compressed air ejected from the gap 13 and then entering the flame tube, where combustion is carried out in the form of a diffusion flame. The gaseous fuel ejected from the first gap 12 is suitable for mixing with the compressed air ejected from the second vent 15 and then entering the flame tube, where combustion is carried out in the form of a premixed flame.

[0033] Furthermore, the mounting base 4 is further provided with a second axial flow cavity 8 adjacent to the first axial flow cavity 7. The second axial flow cavity 8 is provided with a second slit 14 near the first slit 12. The gaseous fuel ejected from the first slit 12 is adapted to be mixed with the compressed air ejected from the second slit 14 and then enter the flame tube to form a premixed flame for combustion. The second slit 14 may be a hole or a slit.

[0034] Furthermore, the edge plate 10 has a first state at a first temperature in which it is in contact with the inner wall of the first axial flow cavity 7 and the end of the first axial flow cavity 7 is closed; and a second state at a second temperature in which it expands to form a first gap 12; the first temperature is lower than the second temperature. The edge plate 10 is made of a material with a high linear expansion coefficient; the first state at the first temperature can be a normal temperature state, and the only gaseous fuel outlet of the first axial flow cavity 7 is the first vent hole 11. The second state at the second temperature means that the engine is in an operating state. At this time, the ambient temperature near the edge plate 10 gradually increases, the edge plate 10 expands to a greater extent, and the first gap 12 is formed. The gaseous fuel can be ejected from the first vent hole 11 and the first gap 12 at the same time.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the spray device described in this application also includes an air duct 3. The air duct 3 is suitable for introducing compressed air. The mounting base 4 is also provided with a second pressure-stabilizing chamber 6, which is in communication with both the air duct 3 and the second axial flow chamber 8. The second pressure-stabilizing chamber 6 and the second axial flow chamber 8 are connected via a second through hole 24. The cross-section of the air duct 3 described in this application can be circular or other shapes, and of course, the air duct 3 can also have a variable cross-section structure.

[0036] The injection device described in this application also includes a diffuser 1, which is mounted on a diffuser casing 16. Specifically, the diffuser 1 may be welded to the diffuser casing 16. Furthermore, the diffuser 1 is provided with a diffuser channel 17; the outlet of the diffuser channel 17 is opposite the opening of the air bleed pipe 3. The diffuser 1 is adapted to deliver compressed air into the air bleed pipe 3 through the diffuser channel 17. The compressed air output by the diffuser 1 is high-pressure air.

[0037] Furthermore, the diffuser casing 16, the outer casing 18 and the inner casing 21 form an outer cavity; the flame tube, the air bleed pipe 3 and part of the air inlet pipe 2 are all located in the outer cavity; the diffuser 1 is suitable for delivering compressed air to the space between the outer cavity and the flame tube; the flame tube is provided with an air inlet hole, and the compressed air enters the flame tube through the air inlet hole. The air inlet holes are in multiple groups and are distributed on both the outer ring plate 19 and the inner ring plate 20. The gaseous fuel enters the flame tube through the first air vent 11, mixes with the compressed air in the flame tube, and burns. The air inlet hole can be a hole or a slit. The opening direction of the air inlet hole on the inner ring plate 20 can be deflected by a certain angle in the axial direction, radial direction or circumferential direction. The inner ring plate 20 described in the present application can overlap with the outside of the protruding second axial flow cavity 8 or have a certain gap.

[0038] Further, such as Figure 1 As shown, the outer ring plate 19 is positioned near the outer casing 18 and the diffuser casing 16, while the inner ring plate 20 is positioned near the inner casing 21. A guide 23 connects the outer and inner ring plates 19 and 20 on the outer sides away from the diffuser casing 16. The guide 23 is a hollow structure with multiple blades. The guide 23 is adapted to guide the compressed air output from the diffuser 1, located between the outer casing 18 and the outer ring plate 19, into the cavity between the inner casing 21 and the inner ring plate 20, and into the flame tube through the air inlet. A swirl structure is provided between the outer ring plate 19 and the diffuser casing 16. Figure 1The arrows indicate the direction of compressed air flow. After exiting diffuser duct 17, high-pressure air enters the space enclosed by outer casing 18. The outer side of outer casing 18 is atmospheric air, while the inner side is high-pressure air. The flame tube contains the fuel gas passageway. High-pressure air enters through the air inlet, where hydrogen and high-pressure air mix and combust to form fuel gas.

[0039] Specifically, the flame tube is an annular tube; the air inlet pipe 2, the air bleed pipe 3 and the mounting seat 4 are at least three evenly distributed around the flame tube.

[0040] When the engine is operating, hydrogen enters the first pressure-stabilizing chamber 5 through the intake pipe 2 and then enters the first axial flow chamber 7 through the first through-hole 9. When the engine is at a low temperature, hydrogen is ejected through the first vent hole 11 and enters the gas passage. When the engine is at a high temperature, thermal expansion of the edge plate 10 creates a first slit 12, allowing hydrogen to enter the gas passage through both the first vent hole 11 and the first slit 12. After compressed air is ejected from the diffuser passage 17, the first portion enters the gas passage through the intake holes on the wall of the outer ring plate 19. The second portion enters the gas passage through the guide 23 into the cavity between the inner casing 21 and the inner ring plate 20, and then enters the gas passage through the intake holes on the inner ring plate 20. The third portion enters the gas passage through the gap 13 between the end of the outer ring plate 19 and the exterior of the first axial flow chamber 7. The fourth portion enters the gas passage through the bleed pipe 3, the second pressure-stabilizing chamber 6, the second through-hole 24, and the second axial flow chamber 8, in sequence, through the second slit 14. Among them, the hydrogen ejected from the first air hole 11 can be mixed with the compressed air ejected from the gap 13 to organize combustion in the form of a diffusion flame, which can be called a diffusion stage; the hydrogen ejected from the first gap 12 can be mixed with the compressed air ejected from the second gap 14 and the second air hole 15, and then ejected into the gas channel to organize combustion in the form of a premixed flame, which can be called a premixed stage.

[0041] The injection device described herein is positioned at the head of the flame liner of a baffled combustor to supply hydrogen to the combustor. It is particularly suitable for use in the baffled combustor of a hydrogen-fueled gas turbine engine. The injection device described herein features a simple structure, easy fabrication, low cost, uniform fuel distribution, and low pollutant emissions. It also helps alleviate the high nitrogen oxide emissions, poor combustion chamber outlet temperature distribution, and reduced flame liner and turbine lifespans of hydrogen-fueled combustors.

[0042] The present application also provides a gas turbine engine, comprising: a main shaft 22 and the aforementioned injection device. The aforementioned injection device is disposed around the main shaft 22. An inner casing 21 covers the outer side of the main shaft 22.

[0043] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such modifications and variations are all within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A spraying device, characterized in that: include: an air intake pipe (2) adapted to introduce gaseous fuel; The mounting seat (4) is provided with a first pressure stabilizing chamber (5) and a first axial flow chamber (7) in communication; the first pressure stabilizing chamber (5) is in communication with the air inlet pipe (2); the side of the first axial flow chamber (7) is in communication with the flame tube of the deflection combustion chamber through a first vent hole (11); the flame tube is a chamber surrounded by an outer ring plate (19) and an inner ring plate (20); a gap (13) is provided between the end of the outer ring plate (19) and the outside of the first axial flow chamber (7); an edge plate (10) is provided at the end of the first axial flow chamber (7), and the edge plate (10) is in communication with the first axial flow chamber (7). A first gap (12) is provided between the cavities (7); one side end of the inner ring plate (20) is arranged opposite to the edge plate (10) at a distance, and a second vent hole (15) is provided on one side end of the inner ring plate (20); the gaseous fuel ejected from the first vent hole (11) is suitable for being mixed with the compressed air ejected from the gap (13) and then entering the flame tube, and organizing combustion in the form of a diffusion flame; the gaseous fuel ejected from the first gap (12) is suitable for being mixed with the compressed air ejected from the second vent hole (15) and then entering the flame tube, and organizing combustion in the form of a premixed flame.

2. The injection device according to claim 1, characterized in that The mounting seat (4) is further provided with a second axial flow cavity (8) adjacent to the first axial flow cavity (7); the second axial flow cavity (8) is provided with a second slit (14) at a position close to the first slit (12); the gaseous fuel ejected from the first slit (12) is suitable for being mixed with the compressed air ejected from the second slit (14) and then entering the flame tube, thereby organizing combustion in the form of a premixed flame.

3. The spraying device according to claim 2, characterized in that The edge plate (10) has a first state at a first temperature in which it is in contact with the inner wall of the first axial flow cavity (7) and the end of the first axial flow cavity (7) is closed; and has a second state at a second temperature in which it expands to form a first gap (12); the first temperature is lower than the second temperature.

4. The injection device according to claim 2, characterized in that Also includes: an air bleed pipe (3) adapted to introduce compressed air; The mounting seat (4) is further provided with a second pressure stabilizing chamber (6), and the second pressure stabilizing chamber (6) is in communication with the air duct (3) and the second axial flow chamber (8).

5. The spraying device according to claim 4, characterized in that Also includes: A diffuser (1) is arranged on a diffuser casing (16), and the diffuser (1) is provided with a diffuser channel (17); the outlet of the diffuser channel (17) is opposite to the pipe opening of the air bleed pipe (3); the diffuser (1) is suitable for conveying compressed air into the air bleed pipe (3) through the diffuser channel (17).

6. The spraying device according to claim 5, characterized in that The diffuser casing (16), the outer casing (18) and the inner casing (21) form an outer cavity; the flame tube, the air bleed pipe (3) and part of the air inlet pipe (2) are all located in the outer cavity; the diffuser (1) is suitable for conveying compressed air into the space between the outer cavity and the flame tube; an air inlet hole is provided on the flame tube, and the compressed air enters the flame tube through the air inlet hole.

7. The spraying device according to claim 6, characterized in that The outer ring plate (19) is arranged close to the outer casing (18) and the diffuser casing (16), and the inner ring plate (20) is arranged close to the inner casing (21); the outer ring plate (19) and the inner ring plate (20) are connected by a guide (23) at the outer side away from the diffuser casing (16); the guide (23) is a hollow structure provided with blades; the guide (23) is suitable for guiding the compressed air output by the diffuser (1) and located between the outer casing (18) and the outer ring plate (19) into the cavity between the inner casing (21) and the inner ring plate (20); A swirl structure is provided between the outer ring plate (19) and the diffuser casing (16).

8. The spraying device according to claim 4, characterized in that The flame tube is an annular tube; the air inlet pipe (2), the air bleed pipe (3) and the mounting seat (4) are at least three evenly distributed around the flame tube.

9. The spraying device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The gaseous fuel is hydrogen.

10. A gas turbine engine, characterized in that: include: spindle (22); The injection device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is arranged around the main axis (22).

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