A large-scale simulation platform and method for multi-physical field action of open-pit coal mine slope

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of civil engineering, and discloses a large-scale simulation platform for open-pit coal mine slope under the action of multiple physical fields, which is used for simulating and realizing slope stability test under various working conditions. The platform comprises a base, a plurality of boxes are arranged in the middle of the base from left to right, and a first foundation pit and a second foundation pit are arranged at the bottom of each box; a box rotating shaft is arranged on the base between the first foundation pit and the second foundation pit; a plurality of lateral overturning oil cylinders are arranged in the first foundation pit; the front end bottom of each box is hinged to the top of at least two lateral overturning oil cylinders, and the middle is connected to the rotating shaft fixed on the base; one of the boxes comprises a positive overturning oil cylinder, a positive overturning base and a positive overturning box; the positive overturning oil cylinder is used for driving the positive overturning box to overturn towards the adjacent box. The present application can realize various working condition loading of open-pit coal mine slope, and has the advantages of reasonable structure, convenient operation and high test precision.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering, and discloses a large-scale simulation platform and method for multi-physical field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes, which are used to simulate and implement open-pit coal mine slope stability tests under various working conditions. Background Art

[0002] In mining road construction, slope stability is a key factor affecting road service life and safety. Landslides are a common geological disaster, posing a serious threat to people's lives, property, and the ecological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mechanical behavior and stability of mining road slopes under different working conditions. Indoor landslide simulation tests have become an important research tool to further understand the formation mechanism, development process, and protective measures of landslides. However, in real-world environments, there are many factors that influence slope stability. Existing simulation devices have limited functionality and load capacity, making them unable to meet the diverse needs of mining slope testing.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a simulation platform for open-pit coal mine slope stability experiments using a variety of loading methods. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the technical problems in the existing technology that the simulation device has a single function, limited load capacity, and cannot realize multi-physical field effects, the present invention proposes a large-scale simulation platform for multi-physical field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes to realize stability experiments on open-pit coal mine slopes under various working conditions.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a large-scale simulation platform for multi-physical field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes, comprising: a base, a plurality of boxes are sequentially arranged in the middle of the base from left to right, and a first foundation pit and a second foundation pit are arranged at the bottom of each box; the base is also provided with a box rotating shaft located between the first foundation pit and the second foundation pit; a plurality of lateral flip cylinders are arranged in the first foundation pit, the front end bottom of each box is hinged to the top of at least two of the lateral flip cylinders, and the middle is connected to a box rotating shaft fixed to the base; the lateral flip cylinder is used to drive the front end of each box to flip backward around the box rotating shaft;

[0006] One of the boxes includes a positive flip base and a positive flip box; the positive flip box is arranged on the positive flip base, and the front and rear ends of the positive flip box are both provided with positive flip cylinders; the bottom of the positive flip cylinder is hinged to the positive flip base, and the top of the positive flip cylinder is hinged to the positive flip box, and the positive flip cylinder is used to drive the positive flip box to flip toward the adjacent box;

[0007] A rain-feeding device is provided on the top of the positively flipping box; a stress loading device is provided on the top of at least one of the boxes; and a beam crane is provided above each box.

[0008] The middle part of the base is provided with a first box body, a second box body and a third box body from right to left in sequence;

[0009] The third box body includes a positive flip base and a positive flip box body; the top of the first box body is provided with a stress loading device.

[0010] The front and rear end sides of the forward turning box are both provided with trapezoidal reinforcement brackets, and the top of the forward turning oil cylinder is provided on the reinforcement brackets via a rotating shaft.

[0011] A rotating shaft connection portion is fixedly provided at the bottom of the first box body, the second box body and the third box body, and a box rotating shaft passing through the rotating shaft connection portion is provided on the base.

[0012] A stress loading device is also provided on the side of the third box.

[0013] The stress loading device includes a loading beam arranged on the corresponding box frame, and a plurality of motor-driven screw elevators are arranged on the loading beam. The screws of the screw elevators are threadedly connected to the loading beam, and a stress plate is arranged at one end of the screw elevator close to the first box.

[0014] A plurality of columns are provided on the base, long slide rails are provided above the columns and are located at the front and rear of each box respectively, a crane beam is provided between two long slide rails, and the beam crane is provided on the crane beam.

[0015] The large-scale simulation platform for multi-physical field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes also includes a control center, which is connected to the control ends of the forward flip cylinder and the lateral flip cylinder. An inclination sensor is also provided in each box. The control center is used to control the extension and retraction of the forward flip cylinder and the lateral flip cylinder according to the measurement angle of the inclination sensor.

[0016] The large-scale simulation platform for multi-physical field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes also includes a deformation monitoring sensor and a stress and strain sensor connected to a control center. The deformation monitoring sensor is arranged at the bottom of the base for detecting ground subsidence; the stress and strain sensor is arranged inside the box for detecting box deformation.

[0017] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for simulating the multi-physical field effects of open-pit coal mine slopes, which is implemented according to the large-scale simulation platform for the multi-physical field effects of open-pit coal mine slopes, and includes the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: Set up the slope structure to be simulated in each box;

[0019] Step 2: Measure the loading stress on the top and side of the first box body by using a stress and strain sensor, and control the loading stress of the stress loading device on the top and side of the first box body to reach a set value;

[0020] Step 3: Use the forward or sideways tilting cylinder to control each box to tilt to different set angles at different speeds, and record the shear force on the slope structure in each box;

[0021] Step 4: Start the rainfall device and measure the rainfall through the rain sensor. When the rainfall reaches the set value, turn off the rainfall device.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The present invention provides a large-scale simulation platform for multi-physics field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes. A hydraulic system enables high-precision flipping of coal mine slopes within a large enclosure. A stress loading device is used to apply shear and pressure to the coal mine slopes. A rainfall module and drainage system are used to simulate actual rainfall conditions, providing a realistic and reliable environment for testing. Stress loading devices installed on the top and sides of the enclosure enable multiple stress loadings, including positive pressure and shear force, on the coal mine slopes to meet diverse testing requirements. Therefore, the present invention can simulate a variety of complex working conditions, meeting the needs of open-pit coal mine slope stability testing. Furthermore, with its rational structure, convenient operation, and high test accuracy, it provides a powerful tool for studying the stability of open-pit coal mine slopes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a large-scale simulation platform for multi-physical field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 Another schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a large-scale simulation platform for multi-physical field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a forward flip of a large-scale simulation platform for multi-physics field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the stress loading device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the control structure of a large-scale simulation platform for multi-physical field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1-base, 2-first box body, 3-second box body; 4-third box body; 5-first foundation pit; 6-side flip cylinder; 7-positive flip base; 8-positive flip box body; 9-positive flip cylinder; 10-rainfall device; 11-stress loading device; 12-rotating shaft connection part; 13-reinforcement bracket; 14-column; 15-long slide rail; 16-crane beam; 17-second foundation pit; 18-loading beam, 19-screw lift, 20-stress plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] like Figure 1-4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a large-scale simulation platform for multi-physical field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes, including: a base 1, a first box body 2, a second box body 3 and a third box body 4 are sequentially arranged in the middle of the base 1 from right to left, a first foundation pit 5 and a second foundation pit 17 are arranged at the bottom of the first box body 2, the second box body 3 and the third box body 4; a box body rotating shaft located between the first foundation pit 5 and the second foundation pit 17 is also provided on the base 1; a plurality of lateral flip cylinders 6 are provided in the first foundation pit 5, the front end bottoms of the first box body 2, the second box body 3 and the third box body 4 are hinged to the tops of the respective lateral flip cylinders 6, and the middle is connected to the box body rotating shaft fixed to the base 1; lateral flip The oil cylinder 6 is used to drive the front end of each box to flip backward around the box rotation axis; the third box 4 includes a positive flip base 7 and a positive flip box 8; the positive flip box 8 is arranged on the positive flip base 7, and the front and rear ends of the positive flip box 8 are both provided with a positive flip oil cylinder 9; the bottom of the positive flip oil cylinder 9 is hinged to the positive flip base 7, and the top of the positive flip oil cylinder 9 is hinged to the positive flip box 8, and the positive flip oil cylinder 9 is used to drive the positive flip box 8 to flip toward the second box 3; a rain device 10 is provided on the top of the positive flip box 8; a stress loading device 11 is provided on the top of the first box 2; a beam crane is provided above the first box 2, the second box 3 and the third box 4.

[0032] Specifically, if Figure 3 As shown, the front and rear end sides of the positive flip box 8 are both provided with a trapezoidal reinforcement bracket 13, and the top of the positive flip cylinder 9 is set on the reinforcement bracket 13 through a rotating shaft. Furthermore, the side of the positive flip box 8 close to the adjacent box is hinged to the positive flip base 7 through a positive rotating shaft. Figure 3The central forward rotation axis is blocked and not shown.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, a rotation shaft connection portion 12 is fixedly provided at the bottom of the first box body 2 , the second box body 3 and the third box body 4 , and a box body rotation shaft passing through the rotation shaft connection portion 12 is provided on the base 1 .

[0034] In this embodiment, by setting up three boxes, synchronous simulation loading of three working conditions can be achieved. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the number of boxes can be more, for example, it can be 4-5 to achieve synchronous simulation loading of more working conditions, or it can be 1-2.

[0035] Furthermore, if Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the stress loading device 11 includes a loading beam 18 provided on the frame of the first box body 2. A plurality of motor-driven screw elevators 19 are provided on the loading beam 18. The screws of the screw elevators 19 are threadedly connected to the loading beam 18. A stress plate 20 is provided at one end of the screw elevator 19 near the first box body 2. Driven by the motor, the screw elevators 19 can move downward, causing the stress plate 20 to apply stress to the inner slope of the box body.

[0036] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a stress loading device 11 is also provided on the side of the third box body 4. The structure of the stress loading device 11 provided on the side is similar to that on the top, and will not be described in detail here.

[0037] Furthermore, if Figure 1-2 As shown, in this embodiment, the base 1 is provided with a plurality of columns 14, and long slide rails 15 are provided above the columns 14, respectively located at the front and rear of each box. A crane beam 16 is provided between two long slide rails 15, and the beam crane is provided on the crane beam 16. The beam crane can realize the hoisting of accessories on the box, such as the stress loading device 11 and the rainfall device 10.

[0038] Furthermore, if Figure 5 As shown, a large-scale simulation platform for multi-physical field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes in this embodiment also includes a control center, which is connected to the control ends of the forward flip cylinder 9 and the side flip cylinder 6. Inclination sensors are also provided in the first box 2, the second box 3 and the third box 4. The control center is used to control the extension and retraction amount of the forward flip cylinder 9 and the side flip cylinder 6 according to the measurement angle of the inclination sensor.

[0039] Furthermore, the large-scale simulation platform for multi-physical field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes of this embodiment also includes a deformation monitoring sensor and a stress-strain sensor connected to the control center. The deformation monitoring sensor is arranged at the bottom of the base 1 for detecting ground subsidence; the stress-strain sensor is arranged inside the box for detecting box deformation.

[0040] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a rainfall sensor is installed below the rainfall device 10 and connected to the control center. When rainfall exceeds a preset value, the control center controls the rainfall device 10 to stop. Specifically, the rainfall device 10 uses a high-precision flow control valve to adjust the rainfall intensity within a range of 20-120 mm / h. Atomizing nozzles ensure a rainfall uniformity coefficient of ≥0.8. During rainfall, the drain pipe at the bottom of the third chamber opens to simultaneously drain water. The internal electrical equipment is protected by a waterproof and moisture-proof structure.

[0041] Specifically, in this embodiment, the length, width and height of the combined structure of the first box 2, the second box 3 and the third box 4 are 16m*6.1m*3m; the internal length and width of the first box 2 are 5.5m*6.1m, the internal length and width of the second box 3 are 5.5m*6.1m; the internal length and width of the positive flip box 8 of the third box 4 are 5m*6.1m. The width of the positive flip box 8 is slightly smaller than that of the adjacent second box 3, so that it can be embedded in the adjacent box, such as Figure 3 shown.

[0042] Specifically, in this embodiment, there are seven lateral tilting cylinders 6 and two forward tilting cylinders 9, with a synchronization accuracy of 1mm. The hydraulic system oil tank is 1600L, adopts an integrated design, and is equipped with a safety protection device to prevent rapid drop in the event of a hydraulic line rupture. The hydraulic lines use high-quality hydraulic oil pipes, and the system adopts a thrust redundancy design, allowing normal lifting operation in the event of the loss of two hydraulic cylinders. The hydraulic system uses water cooling control for temperature reduction and is equipped with a chiller. The first box body 2, the second box body 3, and the third box body 4 can achieve flipping under various working conditions, including overall 0-60° lateral flipping, partial 0-60° lateral flipping of individual boxes, and forward 0-60° flipping of the forward tilting box body 8 of the third box body 4. The lifting speed is 3.3mm / s, and the actual time is between 30min and 1h.

[0043] In addition, the stress loading device 11 can also be set at the top of the second box body 3 and the third box body 4 to apply a top load to the slope structure in the corresponding box body to simulate the mechanical environment under actual working conditions; in the stress loading device 11 on the top, each loading scale 18 is provided with two motor-driven screw elevators 19 to form two loading points, and the maximum force value of each loading point is 6T, and the maximum loading pressure is 160kpa.

[0044] In addition, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for simulating the multi-physical field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes, which is implemented based on the large-scale simulation platform for multi-physical field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes, and includes the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: Set the slope to be simulated in each box and set the sensor in the box;

[0046] Each chamber is filled with soil precisely tailored to the mining area's actual geological conditions. The soil is collected from representative areas within the mine and rigorously screened and proportioned to ensure its physical and mechanical properties are consistent with those of actual mining soil. Slope soil structural parameters such as fill thickness, compaction, and slope are designed according to the mining area's actual road design standards.

[0047] Step 2: Measure the loading stress on the top and side of the first box body 2 through the stress strain sensor, and control the loading stress of the stress loading device 11 on the top of the first box body 2 to reach the set value; the top loading stress simulates traffic loads such as vehicles, and the load size and loading frequency are set according to the actual traffic flow and vehicle type in the mining area.

[0048] Step 3: Control each box to tilt to different set angles at different speeds through the forward tilting cylinder 9 or the sideways tilting cylinder 6, and record the shear force on the slope structure in each box.

[0049] The tilt angle is determined based on historical landslide data and topographic survey information in the mining area to simulate the terrain conditions where landslides may occur in the mining area.

[0050] In addition, the flipping speed can be set according to the setting. The first box 2 is set to flip sideways at a speed of 1 mm / s, and the second box 3 and the third box 4 are set to flip sideways at a speed of 2 mm / s to simulate the situation when the slope structure is subjected to lateral forces at different rates.

[0051] When the third box body 4 is turned forward, the stress loading device on the side of the third box body can be started to apply lateral force and maintain the single cylinder force at 6T to simulate the typical lateral landslide thrust.

[0052] Step 4: Start the rainfall device 10 and measure the rainfall through the rain sensor. When the rainfall reaches the set value, turn off the rainfall device 10.

[0053] In this embodiment, the rainfall device 10 is used to simulate different rainfall intensities and rainfall amounts. In combination with the optical fiber sensing device, the deformation, stress changes and temperature changes of the simulated slope during rainfall can be monitored to study the impact of rainfall on slope stability.

[0054] Specifically, the optical fiber strain sensing device can be a sensing device such as a fiber Bragg grating, a BOTDR, or an OFDR.

[0055] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the optical fiber strain sensor can be installed in areas of the slope where deformation and stress concentration are likely to occur. The optical fiber can be laid along the slope surface or buried in soil or rock layers at varying depths. Furthermore, optical fiber displacement sensors and optical fiber temperature sensors can be installed within the enclosure as needed.

[0056] In this embodiment, the forward or sideways flipping of the box is used to simulate the changes in the soil after the slope tilts and the possibility of landslide. The side thrust device is used to simulate the changes in the soil after shear force occurs on the slope. The rainfall device is used to simulate different rainfall intensities and rainfall amounts to study the impact of rainfall on slope stability.

[0057] Specifically, the purposes of conducting experiments using the simulation platform in this embodiment include:

[0058] (1) Real-time monitoring and early warning of slope stability: Fiber optic sensors are used to monitor slope deformation, stress, temperature and other parameters in real time, and combined with rainfall data for analysis to detect landslide risks in a timely manner and provide early warnings.

[0059] (2) Data collection and analysis: Through long-term continuous data collection, detailed data required for slope stability analysis is provided to help optimize slope protection measures.

[0060] (3) Evaluate the impact of rainfall on slope stability.

[0061] The experimental process includes: installation of fiber optic sensors, signal acquisition and transmission settings, and data monitoring settings.

[0062] When installing fiber optic sensors, they are deployed at various locations along the slope, typically in areas where deformation and stress concentration are likely to occur. These sensors can be laid along the slope surface or buried at varying depths in soil or rock layers. Different types of fiber optic sensors are used, such as displacement sensors, strain sensors, and temperature sensors.

[0063] Fiber optic sensing uses changes in optical fiber reflection signals (such as changes in reflection intensity and wavelength) to detect corresponding physical quantities. The data collected by the fiber optic sensor is transmitted via optical fiber to a data acquisition system for real-time data processing and analysis.

[0064] Real-time data monitoring is generally set up to regularly or continuously monitor slope deformation, stress and other information. In addition, environmental factors need to be monitored, including monitoring environmental temperature changes to prevent temperature fluctuations from affecting sensors.

[0065] Specifically, the experimental measurement data include:

[0066] Displacement data: Measure the displacement changes on the surface or deep layers of the slope to assess the degree of deformation.

[0067] Strain data: Measure the strain of the slope material to understand the response of the slope under external loads.

[0068] Stress data: Measure the stress changes of the slope to determine the stress concentration areas and find potential dangerous points.

[0069] Temperature data: Measure temperature changes to monitor the impact of climate change on the slope and avoid soil frost heaving or soil erosion caused by extreme weather.

[0070] When analyzing the experimental results, the following aspects can be included:

[0071] Stability evaluation: Based on the collected displacement, stress, strain and temperature data, analyze the stability of the slope.

[0072] Landslide risk prediction: Based on data trends, predict possible landslides and provide the basis for early warning systems.

[0073] Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not limited thereto; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the foregoing examples can still be modified, or some or all of the technical features can be replaced by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A large-scale simulation platform for multi-physics field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes, characterized by: include: A base (1), wherein a plurality of boxes are sequentially arranged in the middle of the base (1) from left to right, and a first foundation pit (5) and a second foundation pit (17) are arranged at the bottom of each box; the base (1) is further provided with a box rotating shaft located between the first foundation pit (5) and the second foundation pit (17); a plurality of lateral turning oil cylinders (6) are arranged in the first foundation pit (5), and the front bottom of each box is hinged to the top of at least two of the lateral turning oil cylinders (6), and the middle is connected to the box rotating shaft arranged on the base (1); the lateral turning oil cylinder (6) is used to drive the front end of each box to turn backward around the box rotating shaft; One of the boxes includes a forward turning base (7) and a forward turning box (8); the forward turning box (8) is arranged on the forward turning base (7), and the front and rear ends of the forward turning box (8) are both provided with a forward turning oil cylinder (9); the bottom of the forward turning oil cylinder (9) is hinged to the forward turning base (7), and the top of the forward turning oil cylinder (9) is hinged to the forward turning box (8), and the forward turning oil cylinder (9) is used to drive the forward turning box (8) to turn toward an adjacent box; The top of the positively tilting box (8) is provided with a raining device (10); the top of at least one of the boxes is provided with a stress loading device (11); and a beam crane is provided above each box.

2. A large-scale simulation platform for multi-physical field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle part of the base (1) is provided with a first box (2), a second box (3) and a third box (4) in sequence from right to left; The third box body (4) comprises a positive flip base (7) and a positive flip box body (8); and a stress loading device (11) is provided on the top of the first box body (2).

3. The large-scale simulation platform for multi-physical field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Trapezoidal reinforcement brackets (13) are provided on the front and rear end sides of the forward turning box (8), and the top of the forward turning cylinder (9) is provided on the reinforcement bracket (13) via a rotating shaft.

4. A large-scale simulation platform for multi-physical field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that: A rotating shaft connection portion (12) is fixedly provided at the bottom of the first box body (2), the second box body (3) and the third box body (4), and a box rotating shaft passing through the rotating shaft connection portion (12) is provided on the base (1).

5. The large-scale simulation platform for multi-physical field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that: A stress loading device (11) is also provided on the side of the third box (4).

6. The large-scale simulation platform for multi-physical field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stress loading device (11) comprises a loading beam (18) arranged on a corresponding box frame, a plurality of motor-driven screw elevators (19) are arranged on the loading beam (18), the screws of the screw elevators (19) are threadedly connected to the loading beam (18), and a stress plate (20) is arranged at one end of the screw elevator (19) close to the first box (2).

7. The large-scale simulation platform for multi-physical field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of columns (14) are provided on the base (1), long slide rails (15) are provided above the columns (14) and are located at the front and rear of each box body respectively, a crane beam (16) is provided between two long slide rails (15), and the beam crane is provided on the crane beam (16).

8. The large-scale simulation platform for multi-physical field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also includes a control center, which is connected to the control ends of the forward turning oil cylinder (9) and the side turning oil cylinder (6). Each box is also provided with an inclination sensor. The control center is used to control the extension and contraction amount of the forward turning oil cylinder (9) and the side turning oil cylinder (6) according to the measurement angle of the inclination sensor.

9. The large-scale simulation platform for multi-physical field effects on open-pit coal mine slopes according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a deformation monitoring sensor and a stress and strain sensor connected to the control center. The deformation monitoring sensor is arranged at the bottom of the base (1) for detecting ground subsidence; the stress and strain sensor is arranged inside the box for detecting box deformation.

10. A method for simulating the multi-physics field effect on an open-pit coal mine slope, implemented by the large-scale simulation platform for the multi-physics field effect on an open-pit coal mine slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Set up the slope structure to be simulated in each box; Step 2: measuring the loading stress on the top and side of the first box (2) by means of a stress-strain sensor, and controlling the loading stress of the stress loading device (11) on the top and side of the first box (2) to reach a set value; Step 3: Control each box to tilt to different set angles at different speeds through the forward tilting cylinder (9) or the sideways tilting cylinder (6), and record the shear force on the slope structure in each box; Step 4: Start the rainfall device (10), measure the rainfall through the rain sensor, and turn off the rainfall device (10) after the rainfall reaches the set value.

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