Unmanned aerial vehicle airborne power supply and distribution device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses an airborne power supply and distribution device and method for an unmanned aerial vehicle. The device comprises a power supply unit, a high-voltage power distribution unit, a power supply conversion unit, a low-voltage power distribution unit, an electrical load management unit and a power supply management module, a first high-voltage direct-current power supply and an emergency high-voltage direct-current power supply are provided for the high-voltage power distribution unit through the power supply unit, and an alternating-current power supply is provided for the electrical load management unit; the AC power supply is converted into a second high-voltage DC power supply to be provided for the high-voltage power distribution unit; on-off of an internal high-voltage switch is controlled through a high-voltage power distribution unit based on working states of a power supply unit and a power supply conversion unit so as to automatically control switching of an internal high-voltage direct-current bus bar, and on-off of an internal low-voltage switch of a low-voltage power distribution unit is controlled so as to automatically control switching of a low-voltage direct-current bus bar; according to the invention, seamless switching and cooperative work among multiple bus bars can be realized, so that the reliability and stability of the unmanned aerial vehicle power supply and distribution system are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of power supply and distribution for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and more specifically, relates to an onboard power supply and distribution device and method for UAVs. Background Art

[0002] Amidst the rapid advancement of aerospace technology, demand for large-tonnage, high-speed drones, as well as new drones equipped with high-power payloads, is growing increasingly urgent. These drones require sufficient power for key components such as avionics systems, reconnaissance equipment, and propulsion systems during missions. The 28VDC power supply commonly used in traditional drone applications, due to limited power transmission capabilities and high transmission losses, is no longer sufficient to meet these high-energy, high-efficiency power requirements.

[0003] To address this dilemma, the 270VDC high-voltage direct current (HVDC) and 115VAC AC power supply systems were introduced into drone power distribution systems. The 270VDC power supply system, with its high voltage and low current characteristics, effectively reduces power loss in transmission lines and improves energy transmission efficiency, making it suitable for devices with high power requirements. The 115VAC AC power supply system provides a stable power supply for precision electronic equipment that requires high power stability. As a result, drone power distribution systems now feature a coexistence of 270VDC, 115VAC, and 28VDC power supply systems.

[0004] However, the integration of multiple power supply systems presents new challenges. For one thing, 270VDC and 28VDC emergency loads require extremely high levels of uninterruptible power. A power outage could cause critical drone systems to fail, resulting in serious consequences. Furthermore, the multiple busbars required for multiple power supply systems complicate the system topology, significantly increasing the difficulty of distributing, converting, and coordinating power between these systems. Traditional manual busbar switching suffers from slow response, low precision, and susceptibility to human interference, making it difficult to adapt to complex and volatile power supply environments. Therefore, the introduction of automatic control logic and combined control methods is imperative. These advanced control technologies enable real-time monitoring of system operating status, rapid response to load changes, and seamless switching and coordinated operation between multiple busbars, thereby ensuring the reliability and stability of the drone's power distribution system and providing a solid foundation for its safe and efficient operation.

[0005] The information disclosed in the background technology section of the present invention is only intended to deepen the understanding of the general background technology of the present invention, and should not be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to propose an onboard power supply and distribution device and method for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which can solve the problems of great difficulty in power distribution, conversion and coordinated control between different power supply systems, as well as the drawbacks of slow response speed, low operation accuracy and susceptibility to human interference in the traditional manual switching of bus bars. The present invention can realize seamless switching and coordinated operation between multiple bus bars, thereby ensuring the reliability and stability of the UAV power supply and distribution system, and providing solid guarantee for the safe and efficient operation of UAVs.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an onboard power supply and distribution device for a UAV, comprising:

[0008] a power supply unit, configured to provide a first high-voltage DC power supply and an emergency high-voltage DC power supply to the high-voltage power distribution unit, provide an AC power supply to the electrical load management unit, and convert the AC power supply into a second high-voltage DC power supply to provide to the high-voltage power distribution unit;

[0009] A high-voltage power distribution unit, electrically connected to the power supply unit, for controlling the on / off of an internal high-voltage switch based on the operating status of the power supply unit and the power conversion unit, so as to automatically control the switching of an internal high-voltage DC busbar, thereby realizing intelligent power distribution of a first high-voltage DC power supply, a second high-voltage DC power supply, and an emergency high-voltage DC power supply;

[0010] A power conversion unit, electrically connected to the high-voltage power distribution unit, for converting the high-voltage DC power output by the high-voltage power distribution unit into a low-voltage DC power supply and providing it to the low-voltage power distribution unit;

[0011] A low-voltage power distribution unit is electrically connected to the power conversion unit and is used to provide an emergency low-voltage DC power supply and control the on and off of the internal low-voltage switch through the high-voltage power distribution unit to automatically control the switching of the internal low-voltage DC busbar to achieve intelligent power distribution of the emergency low-voltage DC power supply and the low-voltage DC power supply;

[0012] The electrical load management unit is electrically connected to the high-voltage distribution unit, the low-voltage distribution unit and the power supply unit, respectively, and is used to provide the low-voltage DC power output by the low-voltage distribution unit, the high-voltage DC power output by the high-voltage distribution unit, and the AC power output by the power supply unit to the corresponding load;

[0013] The power management module is respectively communicated with the power supply unit, the power conversion unit, the high-voltage distribution unit, the low-voltage distribution unit and the electrical load management unit, and is electrically connected to the low-voltage distribution unit. It is used to collect the operating status data of the power supply unit, the power conversion unit, the high-voltage distribution unit, the low-voltage distribution unit and the electrical load management unit, and to directly or indirectly control the high-voltage distribution unit, the low-voltage distribution unit and the electrical load management unit of the power supply unit.

[0014] Optionally, the UAV onboard power supply and distribution device further includes:

[0015] Monitoring unit, including:

[0016] A first host computer is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is used to receive the operating status data sent by the power management module and display the operating status data in real time, and send control instructions to the power management module to control the high-voltage distribution unit, the power supply unit, the power conversion unit, and the low-voltage distribution unit electrical load management unit to execute the control instructions;

[0017] The second host computer is respectively connected to the power supply unit, the power conversion unit, the high-voltage distribution unit, the low-voltage distribution unit and the electrical load management unit through a CAN bus, and is used to collect operating status data of the high-voltage distribution unit, the power conversion unit, the power supply unit, the low-voltage distribution unit and the electrical load management unit and display the operating status data in real time, and send control instructions to the high-voltage distribution unit, the power supply unit, the power conversion unit, the low-voltage distribution unit and the electrical load management unit and execute them;

[0018] The third host computer has a DO override output port electrically connected to the DO override input ports of the high-voltage power distribution unit and the low-voltage power distribution unit, respectively, and is used to send DO override instructions to the high-voltage power distribution unit and the low-voltage power distribution unit to force the corresponding internal high-voltage switch and / or internal low-voltage switch to be opened or closed.

[0019] Optionally, the power supply unit includes:

[0020] A DC power generation unit, comprising a DC power generation module and a DC power generation management module, configured to provide a first high-voltage DC power supply to the high-voltage power distribution unit; the DC power generation module is electrically connected to the DC power generation management module, which is electrically connected to the high-voltage power distribution unit; the DC power generation management module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication; the DC power generation management module is connected to the second host computer via a CAN bus communication; and the DO output port of the DC power generation management module is electrically connected to the corresponding DO input port of the high-voltage power distribution unit;

[0021] The emergency power supply unit includes a high-voltage emergency battery pack and a high-voltage emergency battery management module, which is used to provide an emergency high-voltage DC power supply to the high-voltage power distribution unit; the high-voltage emergency battery pack is electrically connected to the high-voltage emergency battery management module, the high-voltage emergency battery module is electrically connected to the high-voltage power distribution unit, the high-voltage emergency battery management module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and the high-voltage emergency battery management module is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication;

[0022] The AC power generation unit includes an AC power generation module and an AC power generation management module, which is used to provide AC power to the electrical load management unit and the AC-DC power conversion module; the AC power generation module is electrically connected to the AC power generation management module, the AC power generation module is electrically connected to the electrical load management unit, the AC power generation management module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, the AC power generation management module is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication, and the DO output port of the AC power generation management module is electrically connected to the corresponding DO input port of the high-voltage power distribution unit;

[0023] An AC-DC power conversion module, whose input end is electrically connected to the AC power generation module, and whose output end is electrically connected to the high-voltage distribution unit. The AC-DC power conversion module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication. Its DO output port is electrically connected to the DO input port corresponding to the high-voltage distribution unit; it is used to convert the AC power output by the AC power generation management module into a second high-voltage DC power supply and provide it to the high-voltage distribution unit.

[0024] Optionally, the high-voltage power distribution unit includes:

[0025] High voltage distribution module and control module,

[0026] The high-voltage power distribution module includes a first high-voltage DC bus bar, a second high-voltage DC bus bar, a plurality of high-voltage switches and a plurality of fuses;

[0027] The first high-voltage DC busbar is electrically connected to the output end of the DC power generation module through a first high-voltage switch, is electrically connected to the output end of the high-voltage emergency battery management module through a second high-voltage switch, is electrically connected to the output end of the ground high-voltage DC power supply through a third high-voltage switch, is electrically connected to the input end of the electrical load management unit through a fourth high-voltage switch, is electrically connected to the input end of the power conversion unit through a fifth high-voltage switch, and is electrically connected to the input end of the corresponding high-voltage load through a plurality of fuses;

[0028] The second high-voltage DC busbar is electrically connected to the output end of the AC-DC power conversion module, is electrically connected to the first high-voltage DC busbar through a sixth high-voltage switch, is electrically connected to the input end of the power conversion unit through a first fuse, and is electrically connected to the input end of the electrical load management unit through a second fuse;

[0029] The control module is connected to the high-voltage power distribution module and the low-voltage power distribution unit through the DO port, is connected to the power management module through RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer through CAN bus communication. Its DO override input port is electrically connected to the DO override output port corresponding to the third host computer, and its multiple DO input ports are electrically connected to the DO output ports of the power supply unit and the power conversion unit respectively; it is used to collect the operating status data of the high-voltage power distribution module, the low-voltage power distribution unit, the power conversion unit and the power supply unit, and to control the on and off of each high-voltage switch in the high-voltage power distribution module and each low-voltage switch in the low-voltage power distribution unit.

[0030] Optionally, the power conversion unit includes:

[0031] A first power conversion module, whose input end is electrically connected to the fifth high-voltage switch, whose output end is electrically connected to the low-voltage power distribution unit, whose DO output port is electrically connected to the DO input port corresponding to the control module, is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication, and is used to convert the DC high-voltage power input from the first high-voltage DC bus into a first low-voltage DC power supply and provide it to the low-voltage power distribution unit;

[0032] The second power conversion module has its input end electrically connected to the first fuse, its output end electrically connected to the low-voltage power distribution unit, its DO output port electrically connected to the DO input port corresponding to the control module, is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication; it is used to convert the DC high-voltage power supply input from the second high-voltage DC bus into a second low-voltage DC power supply and provide it to the low-voltage power distribution unit.

[0033] Optionally, the low-voltage power distribution unit includes:

[0034] A first low-voltage distribution sub-unit is electrically connected to the first power conversion module, the second power conversion module, the control module, the power management module and the electrical load management unit, and is used to distribute the first low-voltage DC power and / or the second low-voltage DC power output by the first power conversion module and the second power conversion module to the corresponding first low-voltage load, the control module, the power management module and the electrical load management unit;

[0035] The second low-voltage distribution sub-unit is electrically connected to the first power conversion module, the second power conversion module and the electrical load management unit, and is used to distribute the first low-voltage DC power supply and / or the second low-voltage DC power supply output by the first power conversion module and the second power conversion module to the corresponding second low-voltage load and the electrical load management unit.

[0036] Optionally, the first low-voltage distribution subunit includes:

[0037] A first low-voltage power distribution module and a first low-voltage emergency power supply module;

[0038] The first low-voltage power distribution module includes a first low-voltage DC bus bar, a second low-voltage DC bus bar, a first low-voltage switch, and a second low-voltage switch;

[0039] The first low-voltage DC busbar is electrically connected to the first output terminal of the first power conversion module, which is electrically connected to the corresponding first low-voltage load, the control module, the power management module and the input terminal of the electrical load management unit, and is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first ground low-voltage power supply;

[0040] The second low-voltage DC bus is electrically connected to the first output terminal of the second power conversion module and is electrically connected to the first low-voltage DC bus through the second low-voltage switch;

[0041] The first low-voltage emergency power supply module includes a first low-voltage emergency battery pack and a first low-voltage emergency battery management module, which is used to provide a first low-voltage emergency power supply to the first low-voltage power distribution module; the output end of the first low-voltage emergency battery pack is electrically connected to the input end of the first low-voltage emergency battery management module, and the output end of the first low-voltage emergency battery management module is electrically connected to the first low-voltage DC busbar through the first low-voltage switch;

[0042] The first low-voltage power distribution module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication. Its DO override input port is electrically connected to the DO override output port corresponding to the third host computer, and its DO port is electrically connected to the DO port corresponding to the control module;

[0043] The first low-voltage emergency battery management module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication.

[0044] Optionally, the second low-voltage distribution subunit includes:

[0045] The second low-voltage power distribution module and the second low-voltage emergency power supply module;

[0046] The second low-voltage power distribution module includes a third low-voltage DC bus bar, a fourth low-voltage DC bus bar, a third low-voltage switch, and a fourth low-voltage switch;

[0047] The third low-voltage DC busbar is electrically connected to the second output terminal of the first power conversion module, which is electrically connected to the corresponding second low-voltage load and the input terminal of the electrical load management unit, which is electrically connected to the output terminal of the second ground low-voltage power supply;

[0048] The fourth low-voltage DC bus is electrically connected to the second output terminal of the second power conversion module and is electrically connected to the second low-voltage DC bus through the fourth low-voltage switch;

[0049] The second low-voltage emergency power supply module includes a second low-voltage emergency battery pack and a second low-voltage emergency battery management module, which is used to provide a second low-voltage emergency power supply to the second low-voltage power distribution module; the output end of the second low-voltage emergency battery pack is electrically connected to the input end of the second low-voltage emergency battery management module, and the output end of the second low-voltage emergency battery management module is electrically connected to the third low-voltage DC busbar through a third low-voltage switch;

[0050] The second low-voltage power distribution module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication, its DO override input port is electrically connected to the DO override output port corresponding to the third host computer, and its DO port is electrically connected to the DO port corresponding to the control module;

[0051] The second low-voltage emergency battery management module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication.

[0052] Optionally, the high-voltage power distribution module further includes:

[0053] Multiple current measurement modules;

[0054] The first current measurement module is connected in series between the first high-voltage switch and the output end of the DC power generation management module, the second current measurement module is connected in series between the third high-voltage switch and the output end of the ground high-voltage DC power supply, the third current measurement module is connected in series between the fourth high-voltage switch and the input end of the electrical load management unit, the fourth current measurement module is connected in series between the fifth high-voltage switch and the input end of the power conversion unit, and the fifth current measurement module is connected in series between the first high-voltage DC busbar and the sixth high-voltage switch;

[0055] The first current measurement module, the second current measurement module, the third current measurement module, the fourth current measurement module and the fifth current measurement module are all electrically connected to the control module, and are used to measure the current of the loop and send the analog current signal to the control module. The control module implements overcurrent and short-circuit protection based on the analog current signal.

[0056] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for power supply and distribution onboard a UAV, based on the UAV power supply and distribution device onboard according to any one of the first aspects, the method comprising:

[0057] Power is supplied to the high-voltage distribution unit and the low-voltage distribution unit through the ground power supply to perform ground static debugging of the UAV's onboard power supply and distribution device;

[0058] After the ground static commissioning is completed, the first high-voltage DC power supply and the emergency high-voltage DC power supply are provided to the high-voltage distribution unit through the power supply unit, and the AC power is provided to the electrical load management unit, and the AC power is converted into a second high-voltage DC power supply and provided to the high-voltage distribution unit, and the high-voltage DC power output by the high-voltage distribution unit is converted into a low-voltage DC power supply through the power conversion unit and output to the low-voltage distribution unit, and the emergency low-voltage DC power supply and the low-voltage DC power supply are provided through the low-voltage distribution unit;

[0059] Based on the working mode of the power supply unit, the power conversion unit and the UAV, the on-off of the internal high-voltage switch is automatically controlled by the high-voltage distribution unit to automatically control the switching of the internal high-voltage DC bus, thereby realizing the intelligent power distribution of the first high-voltage DC power supply, the second high-voltage DC power supply and the emergency high-voltage DC power supply; the on-off of the low-voltage switch inside the low-voltage distribution unit is automatically controlled by the high-voltage distribution unit to automatically control the switching of the internal low-voltage DC bus, thereby realizing the intelligent power distribution of the emergency low-voltage DC power supply and the low-voltage DC power supply; the low-voltage DC power supply output by the low-voltage distribution unit, the high-voltage DC power supply output by the high-voltage distribution unit, and the AC power output by the power supply unit are provided to the corresponding loads through the electrical load management unit, and the on-off of each channel switch of the electrical load management unit is automatically controlled through the power management module to realize the intelligent power distribution of the low-voltage DC power supply, the high-voltage DC power supply and the AC power supply.

[0060] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides a first high-voltage DC power supply and an emergency high-voltage DC power supply to a high-voltage distribution unit through a power supply unit, provides an AC power supply to an electrical load management unit, and converts the AC power supply into a second high-voltage DC power supply and provides it to the high-voltage distribution unit; controls the on-off of an internal high-voltage switch through the working state of the power supply unit and the power conversion unit to automatically control the switching of an internal high-voltage DC bus, thereby realizing intelligent power distribution of the first high-voltage DC power supply, the second high-voltage DC power supply and the emergency high-voltage DC power supply; converts the high-voltage DC power supply output by the high-voltage distribution unit into a low-voltage DC power supply through the power conversion unit and provides it to a low-voltage distribution unit; provides an emergency low-voltage DC power supply through the low-voltage distribution unit, and controls the on-off of the low-voltage switch inside the low-voltage distribution unit through the high-voltage distribution unit to automatically control the switching of the internal low-voltage DC bus, thereby realizing intelligent power distribution of the emergency low-voltage DC power supply and the low-voltage DC power supply, and providing a low-voltage DC power supply to the electrical load management unit; adopts a power management module to adopt ... It collects the operating status data of the power supply unit, power conversion unit, high-voltage distribution unit, low-voltage distribution unit and electrical load management unit, and directly or indirectly controls the power supply unit, high-voltage distribution unit, low-voltage distribution unit and electrical load management unit, and provides the low-voltage DC power output by the low-voltage distribution unit, the high-voltage DC power output by the high-voltage distribution unit and the AC power output by the power supply unit to the corresponding load through the electrical load management unit, thereby realizing intelligent distribution of low-voltage DC power supply, high-voltage DC power supply and AC power supply; the present invention solves the problems of great difficulty in power distribution, conversion and coordinated control between different power supply systems, and the disadvantages of slow response speed, low operation accuracy and susceptibility to human interference in the traditional manual switching bus bar method, and realizes seamless switching and coordinated work between multiple buses, thereby ensuring the reliability and stability of the UAV power supply and distribution system, providing solid guarantee for the safe and efficient operation of the UAV, and at the same time reducing the difficulty of power distribution, conversion and coordinated control between different power supply systems.

[0061] The system of the present invention has other features and advantages that will be apparent from or will be described in detail in the accompanying drawings and subsequent detailed description incorporated herein, which together serve to explain the specific principles of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent through a more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like components.

[0063] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an onboard power supply and distribution device for a UAV according to embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present invention. It should be noted that, unless there is a conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an onboard power supply and distribution device for a UAV, comprising:

[0067] a power supply unit, configured to provide a first high-voltage DC power supply and an emergency high-voltage DC power supply to the high-voltage power distribution unit, provide an AC power supply to the electrical load management unit, and convert the AC power supply into a second high-voltage DC power supply to provide to the high-voltage power distribution unit;

[0068] A high-voltage power distribution unit, electrically connected to the power supply unit, for controlling the on / off of an internal high-voltage switch based on the operating status of the power supply unit and the power conversion unit, so as to automatically control the switching of an internal high-voltage DC busbar, thereby realizing intelligent power distribution of a first high-voltage DC power supply, a second high-voltage DC power supply, and an emergency high-voltage DC power supply;

[0069] A power conversion unit, electrically connected to the high-voltage power distribution unit, for converting the high-voltage DC power output by the high-voltage power distribution unit into a low-voltage DC power supply and providing it to the low-voltage power distribution unit;

[0070] A low-voltage power distribution unit is electrically connected to the power conversion unit and is used to provide an emergency low-voltage DC power supply and control the on and off of the internal low-voltage switch through the high-voltage power distribution unit to automatically control the switching of the internal low-voltage DC busbar to achieve intelligent power distribution of the emergency low-voltage DC power supply and the low-voltage DC power supply;

[0071] The electrical load management unit is electrically connected to the high-voltage distribution unit, the low-voltage distribution unit and the power supply unit, respectively, and is used to provide the low-voltage DC power output by the low-voltage distribution unit, the high-voltage DC power output by the high-voltage distribution unit, and the AC power output by the power supply unit to the corresponding load;

[0072] The power management module is respectively communicated with the power supply unit, high-voltage distribution unit, power conversion unit, low-voltage distribution unit and electrical load management unit, and is electrically connected to the low-voltage distribution unit. It is used to collect operating status data of the power supply unit, high-voltage distribution unit, power conversion unit, low-voltage distribution unit and electrical load management unit, and directly or indirectly control the power supply unit, high-voltage distribution unit, low-voltage distribution unit and electrical load management unit.

[0073] Specifically, this embodiment provides a 270V first high-voltage DC power supply and a 270V emergency high-voltage DC power supply to the high-voltage distribution unit through the power supply unit, provides a 115V AC power supply to the electrical load management unit, and converts the 115V AC power supply into a 270V second high-voltage DC power supply and provides it to the high-voltage distribution unit; the high-voltage distribution unit controls the on and off of the internal high-voltage switch according to the working status of the power supply unit and the power conversion unit to automatically control the switching of the internal high-voltage DC bus and determine the power distribution strategy, for example, power distribution by the 270V emergency high-voltage DC power supply alone, or power distribution by the 270V first high-voltage DC power supply and the 270V second high-voltage DC power supply in combination, so as to realize the 270V first high-voltage DC power supply. Intelligent power distribution of 270V high-voltage DC power supply, 270V second high-voltage DC power supply and 270V emergency high-voltage DC power supply; the 270V high-voltage DC power supply output by the high-voltage distribution unit is converted into a 28V low-voltage DC power supply through the power conversion unit and provided to the low-voltage distribution unit. The low-voltage distribution unit can provide a 28V emergency low-voltage DC power supply to ensure the normal operation of some key low-voltage loads in the system when the normal 28V low-voltage DC power supply is interrupted due to a failure of the power conversion unit or other abnormalities; the low-voltage switch inside the low-voltage distribution unit can be controlled through the high-voltage distribution unit to automatically control the switching of the internal low-voltage DC busbar. This switching can be reasonably controlled according to the operating status and load requirements of the system. Allocate emergency low-voltage DC power supply and low-voltage DC power supply to ensure stable power supply for low-voltage loads and realize intelligent power distribution of emergency low-voltage DC power supply and low-voltage DC power supply. For example, when the system is in normal operation, the low-voltage distribution unit will give priority to the normal 28V low-voltage DC power supply; and when a fault occurs, it will continuously switch to the 28V emergency low-voltage DC power supply to ensure the normal operation of the system; the power management module collects the operating status data of the power supply unit, power conversion module, high-voltage distribution unit, low-voltage distribution unit and electrical load management unit. Through these data, the power management module can understand the operation status of the system in real time, including the output status of the power supply, the operation of the above-mentioned devices and loads, and the operation status of the above-mentioned devices and loads. and controls the on / off of each channel switch of the electrical load management unit. According to the system requirements and operating status, the 28V low-voltage DC power supply output by the low-voltage distribution unit, the 270V high-voltage DC power supply output by the high-voltage distribution unit, and the 115V AC power supply output by the power supply unit are reasonably distributed and provided to the corresponding loads, thereby realizing intelligent power distribution of low-voltage DC power supply, high-voltage DC power supply and AC power supply. For example, when a load fault is detected, the power management module can cut off the power supply of the load by controlling the switch of the electrical load management unit to prevent the fault from spreading. When the power supply in the system changes, it can adjust the power distribution in time to ensure the stable operation of the system.

[0074] In this embodiment, the UAV onboard power supply and distribution device further includes:

[0075] Monitoring unit, including:

[0076] A first host computer is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is used to receive the operating status data sent by the power management module and display the operating status data in real time, and send control instructions to the power management module to control the high-voltage distribution unit, the power supply unit, the power conversion unit, and the low-voltage distribution unit electrical load management unit to execute the control instructions;

[0077] The second host computer is respectively connected to the power supply unit, the high-voltage distribution unit, the power conversion unit, the low-voltage distribution unit and the electrical load management unit through a CAN bus, and is used to collect operating status data of the high-voltage distribution unit, the power supply unit, the power conversion unit, the low-voltage distribution unit and the electrical load management unit and display the operating status data in real time, and send control instructions to the high-voltage distribution unit, the power supply unit, the power conversion unit, the low-voltage distribution unit and the electrical load management unit and execute them;

[0078] The third host computer has a DO override output port electrically connected to the DO override input ports of the high-voltage power distribution unit and the low-voltage power distribution unit, respectively, and is used to send DO override instructions to the high-voltage power distribution unit and the low-voltage power distribution unit to force the corresponding internal high-voltage switch and / or internal low-voltage switch to be opened or closed.

[0079] Specifically, the drone's onboard power supply and distribution device also includes a monitoring unit, consisting of a first host computer, a second host computer, and a third host computer. The first host computer is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, which in turn connects the power management module to each device via RS422 communication, forming an RS422 communication link. RS422 communication is a balanced serial communication interface standard with long transmission distances and strong anti-interference capabilities, ensuring stable data transmission in the drone's complex electromagnetic environment. The first host computer receives real-time operating status data from the power management module for the power supply unit, power conversion unit, high-voltage distribution unit, low-voltage distribution unit, and electrical load management unit. This data includes key parameters such as voltage, current, and power, as well as status information such as the operating mode and fault information of each unit. This data is displayed in real time using an intuitive interface, allowing operators to quickly understand the operating status of the entire power supply and distribution system. Operators can send control commands to the power management module via the first host computer. Upon receiving the commands, the power management module precisely controls the high-voltage distribution unit, power supply unit, low-voltage distribution unit, and electrical load management unit based on the command content. For example, when an overload is detected on a certain load and the automatic control of the UAV's onboard power supply and distribution device fails, the operator can send a command through the first host computer. The power management module controls the electrical load management unit according to the command to cut off the power supply to the load to prevent the fault from expanding. Or, when the power distribution strategy needs to be adjusted, the operator can send a command to control the high-voltage distribution unit and the low-voltage distribution unit to switch the internal bus to achieve power redistribution. The second host computer uses the CAN bus to connect to the power supply unit, power conversion unit, high-voltage distribution unit, low-voltage distribution unit and electrical load management unit. When RS422 communication fails, the CAN bus is switched to communicate. The CAN bus is a serial communication network that effectively supports distributed control and real-time control. It has the advantages of fast data transmission rate, high reliability, and multi-master communication. It is suitable for scenarios such as UAV power supply and distribution systems that require real-time and efficient transmission of large amounts of data. The second host computer independently collects the operating status data of each unit. The data dimensions collected by it are different from the data received by the first host computer. It may focus on the specific working parameters and status details within each unit, such as the conversion efficiency of the power supply unit, the contact status of the high-voltage switch of the high-voltage distribution unit, etc., and display them in real time on its own interface. In addition, the operator can also send control instructions directly to the power supply unit, power conversion unit, high-voltage distribution unit, low-voltage distribution unit and electrical load management unit through the second host computer. For example, during system debugging or special working conditions, the second host computer can directly control the power supply unit to adjust the output voltage, or control the high-voltage distribution unit to force switching to a specific power input, thereby achieving direct operation and flexible control of each unit.The DO (Digital Output) override output port of the third host computer is electrically connected to the DO override input ports of the high-voltage distribution unit and the low-voltage distribution unit, respectively. This hard-wired connection ensures the timely and reliable transmission of control commands. The DO override command is a control signal with the highest priority. When the system encounters a serious fault, such as a short circuit or fire, and conventional control methods may not be able to respond quickly, the operator can send a DO override command through the third host computer. This command can directly act on the high-voltage distribution unit and the low-voltage distribution unit, forcing the corresponding internal high-voltage switch and / or internal low-voltage switch to open or close. For example, if a serious insulation fault is detected within the high-voltage distribution unit, a DO override command can be sent through the third host computer to immediately open the relevant high-voltage switch, preventing the fault from causing a larger accident and providing a final guarantee mechanism for the safe operation of the drone.

[0080] In this embodiment, the power supply unit includes:

[0081] A DC power generation unit, comprising a DC power generation module ZF and a DC power generation management module GCU, configured to provide a first high-voltage DC power supply to the high-voltage power distribution unit; the DC power generation module ZF is electrically connected to the DC power generation management module GCU, the DC power generation management module GCU is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, the DC power generation management module GCU is connected to the second host computer via a CAN bus communication, and the DO output port of the DC power generation management module GCU is electrically connected to the corresponding DO input port of the high-voltage power distribution unit;

[0082] The emergency power supply unit includes a high-voltage emergency battery pack DC and a high-voltage emergency battery management module, which is used to provide an emergency high-voltage DC power supply to the high-voltage power distribution unit; the high-voltage emergency battery pack DC is electrically connected to the high-voltage emergency battery management module, which is electrically connected to the high-voltage power distribution unit, the high-voltage emergency battery management module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and the high-voltage emergency battery management module is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication;

[0083] The AC power generation unit includes an AC power generation module JF and an AC power generation management module SGCU, which are used to provide AC power to the electrical load management unit and the AC-DC power conversion module; the AC power generation module JF is electrically connected to the AC power generation management module SGCU, which is electrically connected to the electrical load management unit, the AC power generation management module SGCU is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, the AC power generation management module SGCU is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication, and the DO output port of the AC power generation management module SGCU is electrically connected to the corresponding DO input port of the high-voltage power distribution unit;

[0084] An AC-DC power conversion module, whose input end is electrically connected to the AC power generation management module SGCU, and whose output end is electrically connected to the high-voltage distribution unit. The AC-DC power conversion module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication. Its DO output port is electrically connected to the DO input port corresponding to the high-voltage distribution unit; it is used to convert the AC power output by the AC power generation management module SGCU into a second high-voltage DC power supply and provide it to the high-voltage distribution unit.

[0085] Specifically, the DC power generation unit, serving as the primary source of high-voltage DC power for the drone, consists of a DC power generation module (ZF) and a DC power generation management module (GCU), with clear divisions of labor and close collaboration. Based on electromagnetic induction or other power generation technologies, the DC power generation module (ZF) converts mechanical energy or other forms of energy into high-voltage DC power, representing the primary high-voltage DC power supply. During operation, performance indicators such as the stability of its output voltage and current, as well as power generation efficiency, directly impact the proper operation of the drone's high-voltage electrical equipment.

[0086] The DC power generation management module (GCU) acts as a "smart steward" for the DC power generation unit. It is electrically connected to the DC power generation module (ZF) and monitors key parameters of the generation module, such as output voltage, current, and temperature, in real time. Using a built-in control algorithm, it dynamically adjusts the operating status of the DC power generation module (ZF) to ensure stable output of the primary high-voltage DC power supply. For example, when it detects fluctuations in the output voltage of the generation module, the GCU quickly adjusts the relevant parameters to restore the voltage to a normal range. Regarding power connections, the DC power generation module (ZF) is electrically connected to the high-voltage distribution unit (HDU), delivering the stable primary high-voltage DC power supply to the HDU for subsequent distribution. Furthermore, the GCU communicates with the power management module via RS422, transmitting real-time operating status data on itself and the DC power generation module (ZF), such as power generation efficiency and fault information, to the power management module. This allows the power management module to fully understand the system status and conduct overall scheduling. It communicates with the second host computer via the CAN bus. If RS422 communication fails, it switches to CAN bus communication, allowing the second host computer to independently obtain detailed operating parameters of the DC power generation unit. The DO output port of the DC power generation management module GCU is electrically connected to the corresponding DO input port of the high-voltage distribution unit, providing feedback to the high-voltage distribution unit on key DC power generation unit status information, assisting the high-voltage distribution unit in making power allocation decisions. The functions of the high-voltage emergency battery management module and the AC power generation management module SGCU are essentially the same as those of the DC power generation module ZF. The AC / DC power conversion module acts as a "bridge" within the power supply unit, converting the AC power output from the AC power generation module JF into a second high-voltage DC power source. Its operating principle is based on power electronics conversion technology. Through a series of complex circuit processes such as rectification, filtering, and voltage stabilization, it stably converts AC power into high-voltage DC power that meets the requirements of the high-voltage distribution unit. The input end of the AC / DC power conversion module is electrically connected to the AC power generation module JF to receive stable AC power input; its output end is electrically connected to the high-voltage distribution unit to transmit the converted second high-voltage DC power to the high-voltage distribution unit, participating in the system's high-voltage power distribution; its DO output port is electrically connected to the corresponding DO input port of the high-voltage distribution unit to feedback its own working status information, such as conversion efficiency, fault status, etc., to the high-voltage distribution unit, helping the high-voltage distribution unit to better manage power and make distribution decisions, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the entire UAV power supply and distribution system.

[0087] In this embodiment, the high-voltage power distribution unit includes:

[0088] High voltage distribution module and control module,

[0089] The high-voltage power distribution module includes a first high-voltage DC bus bar, a second high-voltage DC bus bar, a plurality of high-voltage switches and a plurality of fuses;

[0090] The first high-voltage DC busbar is electrically connected to the output end of the DC power generation module ZF through the first high-voltage switch ACT1, is electrically connected to the output end of the high-voltage emergency battery management module through the second high-voltage switch ATC2, is electrically connected to the output end of the 270VDC ground power supply through the third high-voltage switch ATC3, is electrically connected to the input end of the electrical load management unit through the fourth high-voltage switch ATC4, is electrically connected to the input end of the power conversion unit through the fifth high-voltage switch ATC5, is electrically connected to the input end of the load 1 through the fuse 1, and is electrically connected to the input end of the load 2 through the fuse 2;

[0091] The second high-voltage DC bus is electrically connected to the output end of the AC-DC power conversion module, is electrically connected to the first high-voltage DC bus through the sixth high-voltage switch ATC6, is electrically connected to the input end of the power conversion unit through the first fuse, and is electrically connected to the input end of the electrical load management unit through the second fuse;

[0092] The control module is connected to the high-voltage power distribution module and the low-voltage power distribution unit through the DO port, is connected to the power management module through RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer through CAN bus communication. Its DO override input port is electrically connected to the DO override output port corresponding to the third host computer, and its multiple DO input ports are electrically connected to the DO output ports of the power supply unit and the power conversion unit respectively; it is used to collect the operating status data of the high-voltage power distribution module, the low-voltage power distribution unit, the power conversion unit and the power supply unit, and to control the on and off of each high-voltage switch in the high-voltage power distribution module and each low-voltage switch in the low-voltage power distribution unit.

[0093] Specifically, the high-voltage power distribution module consists of a first HVDC busbar, a second HVDC busbar, multiple high-voltage switches, and multiple fuses. These components work together to achieve flexible distribution and safe transmission of high-voltage power. The first HVDC busbar connects to the output of the DC power generation management module (GCU) via the first HV switch ACT1, receiving the 270V first HVDC power generated by the DC power generation unit. When the GCU is functioning normally, the first HV switch ACT1 closes, directing the 270V first HVDC power to the first HVDC busbar. The first HVDC busbar connects to the high-voltage emergency battery management module via the second HV switch ATC2. If the 270VDC first HVDC power fails, the second HV switch ATC2 quickly closes, allowing the high-voltage emergency battery pack to provide 270V emergency HVDC power, ensuring continuous operation of critical loads. The first HVDC busbar connects to the 270V ground power supply via the third HV switch ATC3, allowing the drone to be powered by an external power source during ground maintenance, commissioning, or charging. During this time, the first and second HV switches ACT1 and ATC2 are disconnected. The first HVDC bus transmits 270V HVDC to the electrical load management unit via the fourth HV switch ATC4, powering the high-voltage loads. The first HVDC bus transmits 270V HVDC to the power conversion unit via the fifth HV switch ATC5, generating 28V LVDC. The second HVDC bus is directly connected to the output of the AC / DC power conversion module, receiving the converted 270V second HVDC power. The second HVDC bus is connected to the first HVDC bus via the sixth HV switch ATC6, providing power backup between the two busses. If one bus fails, power can be switched to the other bus via the sixth HV switch ATC6. The second HVDC bus supplies power to the power conversion unit and the electrical load management unit via the first and second fuses, respectively, forming a redundant power supply path with the first bus, improving system reliability. The control module is connected to the high-voltage power distribution module via the DO port, directly controlling the on / off of each high-voltage switch (ACT1-ACT6) in the high-voltage distribution module to achieve rapid power path switching. The control module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, uploading real-time operating data from the high-voltage distribution module to the first host computer. It also receives control commands from the power management module and executes the global power scheduling strategy. The control module is connected to the second host computer via the CAN bus. If RS422 communication fails or is inoperative, communication switches to the CAN bus. The control module's DO override input port is electrically connected to the corresponding DO override output port on the third host computer. In an emergency (e.g., system outage), the control module receives forced control commands from the third host computer and prioritizes disconnecting the high-voltage switch to ensure system safety.Multiple DO input ports of the control module are electrically connected to the DO output ports of the power supply unit and the power conversion unit respectively to collect the operating status data of the high-voltage distribution module, the power conversion unit and the power supply unit. The control module is connected to the low-voltage distribution unit through the DO port to collect the operating status data of the low-voltage distribution unit and control the on and off of each low-voltage switch in the low-voltage distribution unit.

[0094] In this embodiment, the power conversion unit includes:

[0095] A first power conversion module, whose input end is electrically connected to the fifth high-voltage switch ATC5, whose output end is electrically connected to the low-voltage power distribution unit, whose DO output port is electrically connected to the DO input port corresponding to the control module, is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication; is used to convert the DC high-voltage power input from the first high-voltage DC bus into a first low-voltage DC power supply and provide it to the low-voltage power distribution unit;

[0096] The second power conversion module has its input end electrically connected to the first fuse, its output end electrically connected to the low-voltage power distribution unit, its DO output port electrically connected to the DO input port corresponding to the control module, is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication; it is used to convert the DC high-voltage power supply input from the second high-voltage DC bus into a second low-voltage DC power supply and provide it to the low-voltage power distribution unit.

[0097] In this embodiment, the low-voltage power distribution unit includes:

[0098] A first low-voltage distribution sub-unit is electrically connected to the first power conversion module, the second power conversion module, the control module, the power management module and the electrical load management unit, and is used to distribute the first low-voltage DC power and / or the second low-voltage DC power output by the first power conversion module and the second power conversion module to the corresponding first low-voltage load, the control module, the power management module and the electrical load management unit;

[0099] The second low-voltage distribution sub-unit is electrically connected to the first power conversion module, the second power conversion module and the electrical load management unit, and is used to distribute the first low-voltage DC power supply and / or the second low-voltage DC power supply output by the first power conversion module and the second power conversion module to the corresponding second low-voltage load and the electrical load management unit.

[0100] In this embodiment, the first low-voltage distribution subunit includes:

[0101] A first low-voltage power distribution module and a first low-voltage emergency power supply module;

[0102] The first low-voltage power distribution module includes a first low-voltage DC bus bar, a second low-voltage DC bus bar, a first low-voltage switch LATC1 and a second low-voltage switch LATC2;

[0103] The first low-voltage DC busbar is electrically connected to the first output terminal of the first power conversion module, which is electrically connected to the corresponding first low-voltage load, the control module, the power management module and the input terminal of the electrical load management unit, and is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first ground low-voltage power supply;

[0104] The second low-voltage DC bus is electrically connected to the first output terminal of the second power conversion module, and is electrically connected to the first low-voltage DC bus through the second low-voltage switch LATC2;

[0105] The first low-voltage emergency power supply module includes a first low-voltage emergency battery pack and a first low-voltage emergency battery management module, which is used to provide a first low-voltage emergency power supply to the first low-voltage power distribution module; the output end of the first low-voltage emergency battery pack is electrically connected to the input end of the first low-voltage emergency battery management module, and the output end of the first low-voltage emergency battery management module is electrically connected to the first low-voltage DC busbar through the first low-voltage switch LATC1;

[0106] The first low-voltage power distribution module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication. Its DO override input port is electrically connected to the DO override output port corresponding to the third host computer, and its DO port is electrically connected to the DO port corresponding to the control module;

[0107] The first low-voltage emergency battery management module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication.

[0108] In this embodiment, the second low-voltage distribution subunit includes:

[0109] The second low-voltage power distribution module and the second low-voltage emergency power supply module;

[0110] The second low-voltage power distribution module includes a third low-voltage DC bus, a fourth low-voltage DC bus, a third low-voltage switch FLATC1 and a fourth low-voltage switch FLATC2;

[0111] The third low-voltage DC busbar is electrically connected to the second output terminal of the first power conversion module, which is electrically connected to the corresponding second low-voltage load and the input terminal of the electrical load management unit, which is electrically connected to the output terminal of the second ground low-voltage power supply;

[0112] The fourth low-voltage DC bus is electrically connected to the second output terminal of the second power conversion module, and is electrically connected to the second low-voltage DC bus through the fourth low-voltage switch FLATC2;

[0113] The second low-voltage emergency power supply module includes a second low-voltage emergency battery pack and a second low-voltage emergency battery management module, which is used to provide a second low-voltage emergency power supply to the second low-voltage power distribution module; the output end of the second low-voltage emergency battery pack is electrically connected to the input end of the second low-voltage emergency battery management module, and the output end of the second low-voltage emergency battery management module is electrically connected to the third low-voltage DC busbar through a third low-voltage switch FLATC1;

[0114] The second low-voltage power distribution module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication, its DO override input port is electrically connected to the DO override output port corresponding to the third host computer, and its DO port is electrically connected to the DO port corresponding to the control module;

[0115] The second low-voltage emergency battery management module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication.

[0116] In this embodiment, the high-voltage power distribution module further includes:

[0117] Multiple current measurement modules;

[0118] The first current measurement module H1 is connected in series between the first high-voltage switch ATC1 and the output end of the DC power generation management module GCU, the second current measurement module H2 is connected in series between the third high-voltage switch ATC3 and the output end of the ground high-voltage DC power supply, the third current measurement module H3 is connected in series between the fourth high-voltage switch ATC4 and the input end of the electrical load management unit, the fourth current measurement module H4 is connected in series between the fifth high-voltage switch ATC5 and the input end of the power conversion unit, and the fifth current measurement module H5 is connected in series between the first high-voltage DC busbar and the sixth high-voltage switch ATC6;

[0119] The first current measurement module H1, the second current measurement module H2, the third current measurement module H3, the fourth current measurement module H4 and the fifth current measurement module H5 are all electrically connected to the control module, and are used to measure the current of the loop and send the analog current signal to the control module. The control module implements overcurrent and short-circuit protection based on the analog current signal.

[0120] In this embodiment, the first current measurement module H1 , the second current measurement module H2 , the third current measurement module H3 , the fourth current measurement module H4 and the fifth current measurement module H5 are all Hall sensors.

[0121] Example 2

[0122] This embodiment provides a method for power supply and distribution onboard a UAV, based on the UAV power supply and distribution device onboard the UAV described in Example 1, and includes:

[0123] S1. Power the high-voltage distribution unit and the low-voltage distribution unit through the ground power supply to perform ground static debugging of the UAV's onboard power supply and distribution device;

[0124] In this step, if Figure 1As shown, during static ground commissioning of the drone, 28V DC power is supplied to the first low-voltage DC busbar via the first ground low-voltage power supply. 28V DC power is supplied to the second low-voltage DC busbar via the second ground low-voltage power supply. This energizes all 28VDC emergency loads (including the power management module and the control module of the high-voltage distribution unit). The 270VDC high-voltage ground power supply is enabled and voltage is successfully built. During commissioning, RS422 communication is used to transmit a command to close or open the second high-voltage switch ATC2 to the power management module via the first host computer, powering on and off the first high-voltage DC busbar. The power management module interprets the command and forwards it to the control module in the high-voltage distribution unit. The control module receives the command, executes the corresponding operation, and collects the operating status of the high-voltage distribution unit and feeds it back to the power management module. The power management module collects and frames the operating status of the high-voltage distribution unit and other equipment, and transmits it to the first host computer for status display. After the second high-voltage switch ATC2 is closed, loads 1 and 2 are powered on, and commissioning of loads 1 and 2 can begin. The control method and process of the first high-voltage switch ATC1, the third high-voltage switch ATC3, the fourth high-voltage switch ATC4, the fifth high-voltage switch ATC5, and the sixth high-voltage switch ATC6 in the high-voltage power distribution module are consistent with those of the second high-voltage switch ATC2. Sending a closing or opening instruction to the sixth high-voltage switch ATC6 can realize the power-on and power-off operation of the second high-voltage DC bus, thereby completing the debugging of its related loads; sending a closing or opening instruction to the fourth high-voltage switch ATC4 can realize the overall control of the power supply of the 270V controllable load of the entire machine; when the fourth high-voltage switch ATC4 is controlled to be closed or the sixth high-voltage switch ATC6 is controlled to be closed, the first host computer sends the power-on and power-off instructions of each device related to the second high-voltage DC bus or the 270V controllable load to the power management module, the power management module interprets the control instructions and forwards them to the electrical load management unit, which interprets the received data and executes the power-on or power-off operation of each channel of the 270V controllable load and the 28V controllable load to realize the debugging of the 270V controllable load and the 28V controllable load, and the electrical load management unit collects the working status of this device and forwards it to the first host computer through the power management module to realize status display.The first host computer sends a parallel closing or opening instruction for the second low-voltage switch LATC2 inside the first low-voltage distribution module or a parallel closing or opening instruction for the fourth low-voltage switch FLATC2 inside the second low-voltage distribution module to the power management module. The power management module solves the control instruction and forwards it to the control module. The control module then controls the second low-voltage switch LATC2 inside the first low-voltage distribution module to close or open through the DO port, or controls the fourth low-voltage switch FLATC2 inside the second low-voltage distribution module to close or open through the DO port, and thereby completes the parallel control of the bus bars of the first low-voltage distribution module and the second low-voltage distribution module. At this time, the first low-voltage distribution module and the second low-voltage distribution module respectively collect their own working status and forward it to the power management module, and finally forward it to the first host computer to realize status report display. The first host computer sends charging or heating enable and disable instructions for the high-voltage emergency battery pack to the power management module. The power management module receives the control instructions, solves them, and forwards them to the high-voltage emergency battery management module to implement the relevant operations. The high-voltage emergency battery management module collects the status of itself and the high-voltage emergency battery pack and feeds it back to the power management module. The power management module collects the data and forwards it to the first host computer to monitor the status of the emergency power supply unit. The first host computer sends charging or heating enable and disable instructions for the first and second low-voltage emergency battery packs to the power management module. The power management module receives the control instructions, solves them, and forwards them to the first and second low-voltage emergency battery management modules to implement the relevant operations. The first and second low-voltage emergency battery management modules collect the status of themselves and the first and second low-voltage emergency battery packs and feed it back to the power management module. The power management module collects the data and forwards it to the first host computer to monitor the status of the first and second low-voltage emergency power supply modules. After switching the communication mode from RS422 communication to CAN bus, the second host computer issues control instructions on behalf of the first host computer to complete the above operations. Finally, under DO override conditions, the DO override interface of the third host computer sends a forced disconnect instruction for the fourth high-voltage switch ATC4 or a forced close instruction for the sixth high-voltage switch ATC6 to the high-voltage distribution module; a forced close instruction for the second low-voltage switch LATC2 can be sent to the first low-voltage distribution module; and a forced close instruction for the fourth low-voltage switch FLATC2 contactor can be sent to the second low-voltage distribution module. The control module can collect the current measured by the third current measurement module H3 and the fourth current measurement module H4 and automatically implement overload or short-circuit protection based on the current magnitude.

[0125] S2. After the ground static commissioning is completed, the power supply unit provides the first high-voltage DC power supply and the emergency high-voltage DC power supply to the high-voltage distribution unit, and provides AC power to the electrical load management unit, and converts the AC power into a second high-voltage DC power supply and provides it to the high-voltage distribution unit, converts the high-voltage DC power output by the high-voltage distribution unit into a low-voltage DC power supply through the power conversion unit and outputs it to the low-voltage distribution unit, and provides the emergency low-voltage DC power supply and low-voltage DC power supply through the low-voltage distribution unit;

[0126] In this step, after ground static debugging and before starting the engine, switch back to RS422 communication, or use CAN bus communication, disconnect the fourth high-voltage switch ATC4 and the relevant channels in the electrical load management unit through the first host computer or the second host computer, keep the 270VDC ground power supply and the two 28VDC of the first ground low-voltage power supply and the second ground low-voltage power supply powered on, manually close the second high-voltage switch ATC2, manually close the first low-voltage switch LATC1 and the third low-voltage switch FLATC1 contactor, at this time, the high-voltage emergency unit provides 270V high-voltage emergency DC power to the first high-voltage DC bus, the first low-voltage emergency power supply module of the low-voltage distribution unit provides 28V low-voltage emergency DC power to the first low-voltage DC bus, and the second low-voltage emergency power supply module of the low-voltage distribution unit provides 28V low-voltage emergency DC power to the fourth low-voltage DC bus.Start the engine, and after the DC generation module ZF reaches the grid-connected speed, it automatically controls the DC generation grid-connected contactor to close, and automatically controls the first high-voltage switch ATC1 of the high-voltage distribution module to close to supply power to the first high-voltage DC busbar; after the AC generation module JF reaches the grid-connected speed, it automatically controls the AC generation grid-connected contactor to close, and provides 115VAC power to the AC-DC power conversion module. After the AC-DC power conversion module detects that the 115VAC power supply meets the relevant requirements, it automatically controls its internal grid-connected contactor to close and provides 270VDC power to the second high-voltage DC busbar of the high-voltage distribution module. A fuse provides 270VDC power to the second power conversion module, and provides 270VDC power to the electrical load management unit through the second fuse; the second power conversion module converts 270VDC into 28VDC and provides it to the second low-voltage DC bus and the third low-voltage DC bus; in this embodiment, the first high-voltage switch ATC1, the second high-voltage switch ATC2, the third high-voltage switch ATC3, the fourth high-voltage switch ATC4, the fifth high-voltage switch ATC5, the sixth high-voltage switch ATC6, the first low-voltage switch LATC1, the second low-voltage switch LATC2, the third low-voltage switch The switch FLATC1 and the fourth low-voltage switch FLATC2 are both contactors. At this time, the high-voltage power distribution module can respectively collect the auxiliary contact states of the DC power generation grid contactor of the DC power generation module ZF, the AC power generation grid contactor of the AC power generation module JF, and the grid contactor of the AC-DC power conversion module. After the UAV takes off, the UAV onboard power supply and distribution device switches from manual control mode to automatic control mode, automatically controls the third high-voltage switch ATC3 and the sixth high-voltage switch ATC6 to be disconnected, automatically controls the fourth high-voltage switch ATC4 and the fifth high-voltage switch ATC5 to be closed, and automatically controls the first low-voltage switch ATC3 and the sixth high-voltage switch ATC6 to be disconnected. The high-voltage switch LATC1 is disconnected from the third low-voltage switch FLATC1. At this time, the first high-voltage DC bus provides 270VDC power to the electrical load management unit via the fourth high-voltage switch ATC4, and provides 270VDC power to the first power conversion module via the fifth high-voltage switch ATC5. The first power conversion module converts 270VDC into 28VDC and provides it to the first low-voltage DC bus and the third low-voltage DC bus, and then provides the corresponding low-voltage load and the electrical load management unit, and cuts off the 270VDC ground power supply and the first ground low-voltage power supply and the second ground low-voltage power supply and withdraws them.

[0127] S3. Based on the working mode of the power supply unit, the power conversion unit and the UAV, the on-off of the internal high-voltage switch is automatically controlled by the high-voltage distribution unit to automatically control the switching of the internal high-voltage DC bus, thereby realizing the intelligent power distribution of the first high-voltage DC power supply, the second high-voltage DC power supply and the emergency high-voltage DC power supply; the on-off of the low-voltage switch inside the low-voltage distribution unit is automatically controlled by the high-voltage distribution unit to automatically control the switching of the internal low-voltage DC bus, thereby realizing the intelligent power distribution of the emergency low-voltage DC power supply and the low-voltage DC power supply; the low-voltage DC power supply output by the low-voltage distribution unit, the high-voltage DC power supply output by the high-voltage distribution unit, and the AC power output by the power supply unit are provided to the corresponding loads through the electrical load management unit, and the on-off of each channel switch of the electrical load management unit is automatically controlled through the power management module to realize the intelligent power distribution of the low-voltage DC power supply, the high-voltage DC power supply and the AC power supply.

[0128] In this step, when the device enters the automatic control mode, the control mode of each high-voltage switch inside the high-voltage distribution module, the first low-voltage distribution module and the second low-voltage distribution module is the same in the UAV's ground taxiing, take-off, cruise flight, cruise combat, landing and emergency working modes, except that the power-on configuration of the non-emergency load of the electrical load management unit is different. This embodiment takes the cruise flight mode of the UAV as an example. When the UAV is in the cruise flight mode, all devices operate normally and communicate and interact through RS422. The first host computer sends an instruction to the power management module to enter the cruise flight mode of the UAV, and the power management module automatically sends a control instruction to the electrical load management unit according to the identified flight status to control the normal closing and closing of each channel in the cruise flight mode. When the control module of the high-voltage distribution unit detects that the auxiliary contact state of the DC power generation grid contactor of the DC power generation module ZF is in the grid-connected condition, and detects that the auxiliary contact state of the grid-connected contactor of any one of the AC power generation module JF or the AC-DC power conversion module is off-grid, the sixth high-voltage switch ATC6 of the high-voltage distribution module is automatically controlled to close. At this time, the first high-voltage DC bus provides 270VDC power to the second high-voltage DC bus through the sixth high-voltage switch ATC6; when it is detected that the auxiliary contact states of the grid-connected contactors of the AC power generation module JF and the AC-DC power conversion module are both in the grid-connected state, the sixth high-voltage switch ATC6 is automatically controlled to disconnect. When the system is running, it is detected that the auxiliary contact states of the grid contactors of the AC power generation module JF and the AC-DC power conversion module are both in the grid-connected condition, and the auxiliary contact state of the DC power generation grid contactor of the DC power generation module ZF is off-grid, then the sixth high-voltage switch ATC6 is automatically controlled to be closed, and the fourth high-voltage switch ATC4 is disconnected, and the working state of the high-voltage distribution module itself is fed back to the power management module. The power management module receives the relevant state information and sends a control instruction to the electrical load management unit to automatically control all 270VDC SSPC channels from the first high-voltage DC bus and the second high-voltage DC bus to be disconnected. At this time, the electrical load is disconnected in the cruising flight state. The switch states of each SSPC channel configured by the load management unit are invalid; when it is detected that the auxiliary contact state of the DC power generation grid contactor of the DC power generation module ZF is grid-connected, the sixth high-voltage switch ATC6 is automatically controlled to be disconnected and the fourth high-voltage switch ATC4 is closed. At this time, the high-voltage power distribution module feeds back its own working status to the power management module. The power management module receives the relevant information and sends a control instruction to the electrical load management unit to automatically control all 270VDC SSPC channels from the first high-voltage DC bus and the second high-voltage DC bus to be closed. The electrical load management unit returns to the SSPC channel configuration when the original UAV is in cruising flight state.When the control module detects that the auxiliary contact state of the DC power generation grid contactor of the DC power generation module ZF is off-grid, and the auxiliary contact state of any grid contactor of the AC power generation module JF or the AC-DC power conversion module is off-grid, it automatically controls the sixth high-voltage switch ATC6 to close, the fourth high-voltage switch ATC4 to open, the fifth high-voltage switch ATC5 to open, the second low-voltage switch LATC2 to open, and the fourth low-voltage switch FLATC2 to open; the high-voltage power distribution module feeds back its own working state to the power management module, and the power management module receives the relevant information and sends a control instruction to the electrical load management unit to control all SSPC channels from the first high-voltage DC bus and the second high-voltage DC bus to open, and all SSPC channels of the first low-voltage DC bus and the fourth low-voltage DC bus are automatically disconnected except for the data communication equipment with the ground station; under this condition, if the control module detects that the auxiliary contact state of the DC power generation grid contactor of the DC power generation module ZF is on-grid, the DC power generation module ZF is adopted. The auxiliary contact state of the DC power generation grid contactor is grid-connected, and the auxiliary contact state of any grid-connected contactor of the AC power generation module JF or the AC-DC power conversion module is the power supply and distribution strategy in the off-grid mode; if the control detects that the auxiliary contact state of the AC power generation module JF and the AC-DC power conversion module is grid-connected, then the power supply and distribution strategy in which the auxiliary contact state of the DC power generation grid contactor of the DC power generation module ZF is off-grid, and the auxiliary contact state of the grid-connected contactor of the AC power generation module JF and the AC-DC power conversion module is grid-connected is adopted; if the control detects that the auxiliary contact state of the DC power generation grid contactor of the DC power generation module ZF is grid-connected, and the auxiliary contact state of the grid-connected contactor of the AC power generation module JF and the AC-DC power conversion module are both grid-connected, then the power supply and distribution strategy in which the control detects that the auxiliary contact state of the DC power generation grid contactor of the DC power generation module ZF is grid-connected, and the auxiliary contact state of the grid-connected contactor of the AC power generation module JF and the AC-DC power conversion module are both grid-connected is adopted, that is, the power supply and distribution strategy in which the control detects that the auxiliary contact state of the DC power generation grid contactor of the DC power generation module ZF is grid-connected, and the auxiliary contact state of the grid-connected contactor of the AC power generation module JF and the AC-DC power conversion module are both grid-connected,

[0129] If the control module detects that the DO quantity output to the first low-voltage power distribution module by any one of the first power conversion module or the second power conversion module fails, the second low-voltage switch LATC2 in the first low-voltage power distribution module is automatically controlled to close. At this time, the first low-voltage DC bus and the second low-voltage DC bus are connected. If it is detected that the DO quantities of both are normal, the second low-voltage switch LATC2 is automatically disconnected. At this time, the first low-voltage DC bus and the second low-voltage DC bus are disconnected. If the control module detects that the output current of either the first power conversion module or the second power conversion module to the second low-voltage power distribution module fails, it automatically controls the fourth low-voltage switch FLATC2 of the second low-voltage power distribution module to close, at which point the third low-voltage DC busbar and the fourth low-voltage DC busbar are connected; if it detects that the DO values ​​of both are normal, it automatically controls the fourth low-voltage switch FLATC2 to open, at which point the third low-voltage DC busbar and the fourth low-voltage DC busbar are disconnected; the control module collects the output current of the fourth high-voltage switch ATC4 and the output current of the fifth high-voltage switch ATC5 through the third current measurement module H3 and the fourth current measurement module H4, respectively, and automatically implements overload or short-circuit protection based on the magnitude of the current. If an abnormality occurs in the RS422 communication between the first host computer and the power management module, or between the power management module and the various devices of the drone's onboard power supply and distribution device, it automatically switches to CAN bus communication mode, with the second host computer replacing the first host computer and the power management module. If the automatic control of the sixth high-voltage switch ATC6 by the control module fails, the third host computer sends a forced disconnection instruction of the sixth high-voltage switch ATC6 to the high-voltage power distribution module through the DO override interface, and the sixth high-voltage switch ATC6 is forced to disconnect; if the automatic control of the fourth high-voltage switch ATC4 by the control module fails, the third host computer sends a forced disconnection instruction of the fourth high-voltage switch ATC4 to the high-voltage power distribution module through the DO override interface, and the fourth high-voltage switch ATC4 is forced to disconnect; if the automatic control of the fifth high-voltage switch ATC5 by the control module fails, the third host computer sends a forced disconnection instruction of the fifth high-voltage switch ATC6 to the high-voltage power distribution module through the DO override interface, and the fourth high-voltage switch ATC4 is forced to disconnect; TC5's forced disconnection instruction, the fifth high-voltage switch ATC5 is forced to disconnect; if the control module fails to automatically control the second low-voltage switch LATC2 of the first low-voltage power distribution module, the third host computer sends a forced disconnection instruction of the second low-voltage switch LATC2 to the first low-voltage power distribution module through the DO override interface, and the second low-voltage switch LATC2 is forced to disconnect; if the control module fails to automatically control the fourth low-voltage switch FLATC2 of the second low-voltage power distribution module, the third host computer sends a forced disconnection instruction of the fourth low-voltage switch FLATC2 to the second low-voltage power distribution module through the DO override interface, and the second low-voltage switch FLATC2 is forced to disconnect.

[0130] While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is intended to be illustrative, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. An airborne power supply and distribution device for a UAV, characterized in that: include: a power supply unit, configured to provide a first high-voltage DC power supply and an emergency high-voltage DC power supply to the high-voltage power distribution unit, provide an AC power supply to the electrical load management unit, and convert the AC power supply into a second high-voltage DC power supply to provide to the high-voltage power distribution unit; A high-voltage power distribution unit, electrically connected to the power supply unit, for controlling the on / off of an internal high-voltage switch based on the operating status of the power supply unit and the power conversion unit, so as to automatically control the switching of an internal high-voltage DC busbar, thereby realizing intelligent power distribution of a first high-voltage DC power supply, a second high-voltage DC power supply, and an emergency high-voltage DC power supply; A power conversion unit, electrically connected to the high-voltage power distribution unit, for converting the high-voltage DC power output by the high-voltage power distribution unit into a low-voltage DC power supply and providing it to the low-voltage power distribution unit; A low-voltage power distribution unit is electrically connected to the power conversion unit and is used to provide an emergency low-voltage DC power supply and control the on and off of the internal low-voltage switch through the high-voltage power distribution unit to automatically control the switching of the internal low-voltage DC busbar to achieve intelligent power distribution of the emergency low-voltage DC power supply and the low-voltage DC power supply; The electrical load management unit is electrically connected to the high-voltage distribution unit, the low-voltage distribution unit and the power supply unit, respectively, and is used to provide the low-voltage DC power output by the low-voltage distribution unit, the high-voltage DC power output by the high-voltage distribution unit, and the AC power output by the power supply unit to the corresponding load; The power management module is respectively communicated with the power supply unit, the power conversion unit, the high-voltage distribution unit, the low-voltage distribution unit and the electrical load management unit, and is electrically connected to the low-voltage distribution unit. It is used to collect the operating status data of the power supply unit, the power conversion unit, the high-voltage distribution unit, the low-voltage distribution unit and the electrical load management unit, and to directly or indirectly control the power supply unit, the high-voltage distribution unit, the low-voltage distribution unit and the electrical load management unit.

2. The UAV airborne power supply and distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Monitoring unit, including: A first host computer is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is used to receive the operating status data sent by the power management module and display the operating status data in real time, and send control instructions to the power management module to control the high-voltage distribution unit, the power supply unit, the power conversion unit, and the low-voltage distribution unit electrical load management unit to execute the control instructions; The second host computer is respectively connected to the power supply unit, the power conversion unit, the high-voltage distribution unit, the low-voltage distribution unit and the electrical load management unit through a CAN bus, and is used to collect operating status data of the high-voltage distribution unit, the power conversion unit, the power supply unit, the low-voltage distribution unit and the electrical load management unit and display the operating status data in real time, and send control instructions to the high-voltage distribution unit, the power supply unit, the power conversion unit, the low-voltage distribution unit and the electrical load management unit and execute them; The third host computer has a DO override output port electrically connected to the DO override input ports of the high-voltage power distribution unit and the low-voltage power distribution unit, respectively, and is used to send DO override instructions to the high-voltage power distribution unit and the low-voltage power distribution unit to force the corresponding internal high-voltage switch and / or internal low-voltage switch to be opened or closed.

3. The UAV airborne power supply and distribution device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The power supply unit comprises: A DC power generation unit, comprising a DC power generation module and a DC power generation management module, configured to provide a first high-voltage DC power supply to the high-voltage power distribution unit; the DC power generation module is electrically connected to the DC power generation management module, which is electrically connected to the high-voltage power distribution unit; the DC power generation management module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication; the DC power generation management module is connected to the second host computer via a CAN bus communication; and the DO output port of the DC power generation management module is electrically connected to the corresponding DO input port of the high-voltage power distribution unit; The emergency power supply unit includes a high-voltage emergency battery pack and a high-voltage emergency battery management module, which is used to provide an emergency high-voltage DC power supply to the high-voltage power distribution unit; the high-voltage emergency battery pack is electrically connected to the high-voltage emergency battery management module, the high-voltage emergency battery module is electrically connected to the high-voltage power distribution unit, the high-voltage emergency battery management module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and the high-voltage emergency battery management module is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication; The AC power generation unit includes an AC power generation module and an AC power generation management module, which is used to provide AC power to the electrical load management unit and the AC-DC power conversion module; the AC power generation module is electrically connected to the AC power generation management module, the AC power generation module is electrically connected to the electrical load management unit, the AC power generation management module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, the AC power generation management module is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication, and the DO output port of the AC power generation management module is electrically connected to the corresponding DO input port of the high-voltage power distribution unit; An AC-DC power conversion module, whose input end is electrically connected to the AC power generation module, and whose output end is electrically connected to the high-voltage distribution unit. The AC-DC power conversion module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication. Its DO output port is electrically connected to the DO input port corresponding to the high-voltage distribution unit; it is used to convert the AC power output by the AC power generation management module into a second high-voltage DC power supply and provide it to the high-voltage distribution unit.

4. The UAV airborne power supply and distribution device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The high-voltage power distribution unit includes: High voltage distribution module and control module, The high-voltage power distribution module includes a first high-voltage DC bus bar, a second high-voltage DC bus bar, a plurality of high-voltage switches and a plurality of fuses; The first high-voltage DC busbar is electrically connected to the output end of the DC power generation module through a first high-voltage switch, is electrically connected to the output end of the high-voltage emergency battery management module through a second high-voltage switch, is electrically connected to the output end of the ground high-voltage DC power supply through a third high-voltage switch, is electrically connected to the input end of the electrical load management unit through a fourth high-voltage switch, is electrically connected to the input end of the power conversion unit through a fifth high-voltage switch, and is electrically connected to the input end of the corresponding high-voltage load through a plurality of fuses; The second high-voltage DC busbar is electrically connected to the output end of the AC-DC power conversion module, is electrically connected to the first high-voltage DC busbar through a sixth high-voltage switch, is electrically connected to the input end of the power conversion unit through a first fuse, and is electrically connected to the input end of the electrical load management unit through a second fuse; The control module is connected to the high-voltage power distribution module and the low-voltage power distribution unit through the DO port, is connected to the power management module through RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer through CAN bus communication. Its DO override input port is electrically connected to the DO override output port corresponding to the third host computer, and its multiple DO input ports are electrically connected to the DO output ports of the power supply unit and the power conversion unit respectively; it is used to collect the operating status data of the high-voltage power distribution module, the low-voltage power distribution unit, the power conversion unit and the power supply unit, and to control the on and off of each high-voltage switch in the high-voltage power distribution module and each low-voltage switch in the low-voltage power distribution unit.

5. The UAV airborne power supply and distribution device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The power conversion unit includes: A first power conversion module, whose input end is electrically connected to the fifth high-voltage switch, whose output end is electrically connected to the low-voltage power distribution unit, whose DO output port is electrically connected to the DO input port corresponding to the control module, is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication; is used to convert the DC high-voltage power input from the first high-voltage DC bus into a first low-voltage DC power supply and provide it to the low-voltage power distribution unit; The second power conversion module has its input end electrically connected to the first fuse, its output end electrically connected to the low-voltage power distribution unit, its DO output port electrically connected to the DO input port corresponding to the control module, is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication; it is used to convert the DC high-voltage power supply input from the second high-voltage DC bus into a second low-voltage DC power supply and provide it to the low-voltage power distribution unit.

6. The UAV airborne power supply and distribution device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The low-voltage power distribution unit comprises: A first low-voltage distribution sub-unit is electrically connected to the first power conversion module, the second power conversion module, the control module, the power management module and the electrical load management unit, and is used to distribute the first low-voltage DC power and / or the second low-voltage DC power output by the first power conversion module and the second power conversion module to the corresponding first low-voltage load, the control module, the power management module and the electrical load management unit; The second low-voltage distribution sub-unit is electrically connected to the first power conversion module, the second power conversion module and the electrical load management unit, and is used to distribute the first low-voltage DC power supply and / or the second low-voltage DC power supply output by the first power conversion module and the second power conversion module to the corresponding second low-voltage load and the electrical load management unit.

7. The UAV airborne power supply and distribution device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first low-voltage distribution subunit comprises: A first low-voltage power distribution module and a first low-voltage emergency power supply module; The first low-voltage power distribution module includes a first low-voltage DC bus bar, a second low-voltage DC bus bar, a first low-voltage switch, and a second low-voltage switch; The first low-voltage DC busbar is electrically connected to the first output terminal of the first power conversion module, which is electrically connected to the corresponding first low-voltage load, the control module, the power management module and the input terminal of the electrical load management unit, and is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first ground low-voltage power supply; The second low-voltage DC bus is electrically connected to the first output terminal of the second power conversion module and is electrically connected to the first low-voltage DC bus through the second low-voltage switch; The first low-voltage emergency power supply module includes a first low-voltage emergency battery pack and a first low-voltage emergency battery management module, which is used to provide a first low-voltage emergency power supply to the first low-voltage power distribution module; the output end of the first low-voltage emergency battery pack is electrically connected to the input end of the first low-voltage emergency battery management module, and the output end of the first low-voltage emergency battery management module is electrically connected to the first low-voltage DC busbar through the first low-voltage switch; The first low-voltage power distribution module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication. Its DO override input port is electrically connected to the DO override output port corresponding to the third host computer, and its DO port is electrically connected to the DO port corresponding to the control module; The first low-voltage emergency battery management module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication.

8. The UAV airborne power supply and distribution device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second low-voltage distribution subunit includes: The second low-voltage power distribution module and the second low-voltage emergency power supply module; The second low-voltage power distribution module includes a third low-voltage DC bus bar, a fourth low-voltage DC bus bar, a third low-voltage switch, and a fourth low-voltage switch; The third low-voltage DC busbar is electrically connected to the second output terminal of the first power conversion module, which is electrically connected to the corresponding second low-voltage load and the input terminal of the electrical load management unit, which is electrically connected to the output terminal of the second ground low-voltage power supply; The fourth low-voltage DC bus is electrically connected to the second output terminal of the second power conversion module and is electrically connected to the second low-voltage DC bus through the fourth low-voltage switch; The second low-voltage emergency power supply module includes a second low-voltage emergency battery pack and a second low-voltage emergency battery management module, which is used to provide a second low-voltage emergency power supply to the second low-voltage power distribution module; the output end of the second low-voltage emergency battery pack is electrically connected to the input end of the second low-voltage emergency battery management module, and the output end of the second low-voltage emergency battery management module is electrically connected to the third low-voltage DC busbar through a third low-voltage switch; The second low-voltage power distribution module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication, its DO override input port is electrically connected to the DO override output port corresponding to the third host computer, and its DO port is electrically connected to the DO port corresponding to the control module; The second low-voltage emergency battery management module is connected to the power management module via RS422 communication, and is connected to the second host computer via CAN bus communication.

9. The UAV airborne power supply and distribution device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The high-voltage power distribution module further includes: Multiple current measurement modules; The first current measurement module is connected in series between the first high-voltage switch and the output end of the DC power generation management module, the second current measurement module is connected in series between the third high-voltage switch and the output end of the ground high-voltage DC power supply, the third current measurement module is connected in series between the fourth high-voltage switch and the input end of the electrical load management unit, the fourth current measurement module is connected in series between the fifth high-voltage switch and the input end of the power conversion unit, and the fifth current measurement module is connected in series between the first high-voltage DC busbar and the sixth high-voltage switch; The first current measurement module, the second current measurement module, the third current measurement module, the fourth current measurement module and the fifth current measurement module are all electrically connected to the control module, and are used to measure the current of the loop and send the analog current signal to the control module. The control module implements overcurrent and short-circuit protection based on the analog current signal.

10. A method for power supply and distribution onboard a UAV, characterized in that: Based on the UAV airborne power supply and distribution device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprises: Power is supplied to the high-voltage distribution unit and the low-voltage distribution unit through the ground power supply to perform ground static debugging of the UAV's onboard power supply and distribution device; After the ground static commissioning is completed, the first high-voltage DC power supply and the emergency high-voltage DC power supply are provided to the high-voltage distribution unit through the power supply unit, and the AC power is provided to the electrical load management unit, and the AC power is converted into a second high-voltage DC power supply and provided to the high-voltage distribution unit, and the high-voltage DC power output by the high-voltage distribution unit is converted into a low-voltage DC power supply through the power conversion unit and output to the low-voltage distribution unit, and the emergency low-voltage DC power supply and the low-voltage DC power supply are provided through the low-voltage distribution unit; Based on the working mode of the power supply unit, the power conversion unit and the UAV, the on-off of the internal high-voltage switch is automatically controlled by the high-voltage distribution unit to automatically control the switching of the internal high-voltage DC bus, thereby realizing the intelligent power distribution of the first high-voltage DC power supply, the second high-voltage DC power supply and the emergency high-voltage DC power supply; the on-off of the low-voltage switch inside the low-voltage distribution unit is automatically controlled by the high-voltage distribution unit to automatically control the switching of the internal low-voltage DC bus, thereby realizing the intelligent power distribution of the emergency low-voltage DC power supply and the low-voltage DC power supply; the low-voltage DC power supply output by the low-voltage distribution unit, the high-voltage DC power supply output by the high-voltage distribution unit, and the AC power output by the power supply unit are provided to the corresponding loads through the electrical load management unit, and the on-off of each channel switch of the electrical load management unit is automatically controlled through the power management module to realize the intelligent power distribution of the low-voltage DC power supply, the high-voltage DC power supply and the AC power supply.

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