A fertilizing device for improving the soil environment

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of fertilization device for improving soil environment, belongs to soil fertilization technical field, including installation support, fertilizer horizontal movement structure is equipped on the installation support, the sliding fit between fertilizer horizontal movement structure and installation support, fertilizer angle adjustment structure is equipped on the fertilizer horizontal movement structure, the rotary connection between fertilizer angle adjustment structure and fertilizer horizontal movement structure, the soil loosening fertilization structure is equipped on the fertilizer angle adjustment structure, the rotary connection between soil loosening fertilization structure and fertilizer angle adjustment structure, fertilizer fertilization structure is equipped on the fertilizer horizontal movement structure, and the fertilizer fertilization structure is located at the side of soil loosening fertilization structure.The application is in the process of fertilizing soil, by the movement of moving frame, the position of fertilizer discharge box is moved to the soil loosening soil;Soil structure can be improved, promote fertilizer absorption, avoid burning root phenomenon and be beneficial to microbial activity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of soil fertilization technology, and in particular relates to a fertilization device for improving the soil environment. Background Technology

[0002] In agricultural production, long-term irrational farming practices, excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and monoculture have led to soil degradation problems such as shallow topsoil, compaction, salinization, and acidification. For example, long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers can cause salt accumulation in the soil, leading to soil salinization and affecting crop growth. The nutrient content in the soil is a key factor affecting crop growth. Irrational fertilization methods result in nutrient imbalances in the soil, with some nutrients accumulating excessively while others are insufficiently supplied. Simultaneously, the number and activity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil decrease, affecting the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient transformation, further leading to a decline in soil fertility.

[0003] However, existing fertilization devices cannot be adjusted in their insertion position into the soil, which affects root development. Different crops require different depths of fertilizer at different growth stages. If the fertilization device cannot be adjusted in its insertion position, it may result in fertilization that is too deep or too shallow. Inappropriate fertilization depth will prevent the fertilizer from making sufficient contact with the crop roots, and some fertilizer may be beyond the roots' absorption range, resulting in nutrient waste. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a fertilization device for improving the soil environment, thereby solving the problems in the prior art.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: a fertilization device for improving the soil environment, comprising a mounting bracket, a fertilization horizontal moving structure provided on the mounting bracket, the fertilization horizontal moving structure being slidably engaged with the mounting bracket, a fertilization angle adjustment structure provided on the fertilization horizontal moving structure, the fertilization angle adjustment structure being rotatably connected to the fertilization horizontal moving structure, a soil loosening and fertilization structure provided on the fertilization angle adjustment structure, the soil loosening and fertilization structure being rotatably connected to the fertilization angle adjustment structure, and a fertilizer application structure provided on the fertilization horizontal moving structure, the fertilizer application structure being located beside the soil loosening and fertilization structure.

[0006] Furthermore, the fertilization horizontal moving structure includes a moving frame, a moving motor, and a moving gear. The moving frame has two sliders on both sides, and the moving frame is slidably connected to the mounting bracket through the corresponding sliders. The moving motor is located on the moving frame, and the moving gear is connected to the main shaft of the moving motor. The mounting bracket is provided with a toothed rack that meshes with the moving gear.

[0007] Furthermore, the fertilizer application angle adjustment structure includes an adjustment motor and an adjustment cylinder. The adjustment motor is located on the side wall of the movable frame, and the adjustment cylinder is rotatably connected to the movable frame. The main shaft of the adjustment motor is drivenly connected to the adjustment cylinder.

[0008] Furthermore, the soil loosening and fertilization structure includes a soil loosening motor, a drive shaft, and a soil loosening auger. The soil loosening motor is located at the top of the adjusting cylinder, the drive shaft is connected to the main shaft of the soil loosening motor, and the drive shaft rotates inside the adjusting cylinder. The soil loosening auger is connected to the drive shaft.

[0009] Furthermore, the soil loosening auger is equipped with an extension shaft, and the extension shaft is equipped with two sliding blocks. The extension shaft is slidably connected to the drive shaft through the two sliding blocks. An extension electric cylinder is provided inside the drive shaft, and the extension end of the extension electric cylinder is connected to the extension shaft.

[0010] Furthermore, the fertilizer application structure includes an installation plate, a fertilizer rotation assembly, and three separate fertilizer application assemblies. The installation plate is horizontally mounted on the side wall of the movable frame. The fertilizer rotation assembly is mounted on the installation plate and is rotatably connected to the installation plate. The three separate fertilizer application assemblies are connected to the fertilizer rotation assembly.

[0011] Furthermore, the fertilizer application rotating assembly includes a rotating motor, a main rotating gear, and three auxiliary rotating gears. The rotating motor is located at the top of the mounting plate, the main rotating gear is connected to the main shaft of the rotating motor, each of the auxiliary rotating gears is provided with a rotating shaft, and the auxiliary rotating gears are rotatably connected to the bottom of the mounting plate through the rotating shafts. The three auxiliary rotating gears mesh with the main rotating gear.

[0012] Furthermore, each of the individual fertilization components includes a vertical shaft connected to the bottom of the auxiliary rotating gear. The bottom of the vertical shaft is provided with a fertilizer placement cylinder, which has a feed inlet and a fertilizer discharge box at its bottom.

[0013] Furthermore, the bottom of the rotor is provided with a threaded rod, which is threadedly connected to the vertical rod.

[0014] Furthermore, the fertilizer discharge box is hinged to the side wall of the fertilizer placement cylinder, and an adjusting electric cylinder is provided between the fertilizer discharge box and the fertilizer placement cylinder. The tail end of the adjusting electric cylinder is hinged to the fertilizer placement cylinder, and the telescopic end of the adjusting electric cylinder is hinged to the fertilizer discharge box. A corrugated sleeve is fitted on the adjusting electric cylinder, and the fertilizer discharge box is provided with several discharge holes. A flexible hose is provided inside the fertilizer placement cylinder and between it and the fertilizer discharge box, and an air outlet pipe is connected to the flexible hose.

[0015] The above-described at least one technical solution adopted in the embodiments of the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0016] Firstly, before fertilization, the present invention uses a moving motor to drive a moving gear to rotate on a toothed rack, thereby causing the moving frame to move horizontally on the mounting bracket via a slider. This allows the soil-loosening auger to loosen the soil at different locations. Subsequently, during the fertilization process, the moving frame can be used to move the fertilizer discharge box to the loosened soil area. This can improve soil structure, promote fertilizer absorption, prevent root burn, and benefit microbial activity.

[0017] Secondly, in this invention, the fertilizer is conveyed from the inlet to the fertilizer placement cylinder. During the fertilization process, the rotating motor drives the main rotating gear to rotate, which in turn drives three auxiliary rotating gears to rotate on the mounting plate via corresponding shafts. The rotation of the three auxiliary rotating gears drives the three fertilizer placement cylinders to rotate, thereby causing the three fertilizer discharge boxes to rotate. The rotation of the fertilizer discharge boxes has the following benefits for soil improvement: enhancing the mixing effect between soil and fertilizer, reducing damage to soil structure, and adapting to different fertilization depth requirements.

[0018] Thirdly, when fertilizing the soil, the present invention discharges air through the air outlet pipe, allowing fertilizer to be transported into the fertilizer discharge box through the hose. The fertilizer is then discharged through several discharge holes on the fertilizer discharge box. During the fertilization process, adjusting the electric cylinder can rotate and adjust the angle of the fertilizer discharge box. This allows for precise control of the amount and range of fertilizer application, improves the uniformity of fertilizer application, and reduces the antagonistic effect between fertilizer and soil. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and are used to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the fertilization horizontal movement structure and the fertilization angle adjustment structure in this invention. Figure 1 ;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the fertilization horizontal movement structure and the fertilization angle adjustment structure in this invention. Figure 2 ;

[0024] Figure 5This is a three-dimensional sectional view of the soil loosening and fertilization structure in this invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the fertilizer application structure in this invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the fertilizer application rotating component in this invention;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the individual fertilizer application component in this invention;

[0028] Figure label:

[0029] Mounting bracket 1, fertilization horizontal moving structure 2, moving frame 21, moving motor 22, moving gear 23, toothed rack 24, slider 25, fertilization angle adjustment structure 3, adjusting motor 31, adjusting cylinder 32, soil loosening and fertilization structure 4, soil loosening motor 41, drive shaft 42, soil loosening auger 43, extension shaft 44, sliding block 45, extension electric cylinder 46, fertilizer fertilization structure 5, mounting plate 51, fertilization rotating assembly 52, rotating motor 521, main rotating gear 522, auxiliary rotating gear 523, rotating shaft 524, separate fertilization assembly 53, vertical shaft 531, fertilizer placement cylinder 532, inlet 533, fertilizer outlet box 534, threaded rod 535, adjusting electric cylinder 536, corrugated sleeve 537, discharge hole 538. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0031] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates the technical solution of a fertilization device for improving the soil environment provided by various embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] Reference Figures 1 to 8 As shown in the figure, this embodiment of the invention provides a fertilization device for improving the soil environment. Its basic structure includes a mounting bracket 1, a fertilization horizontal movement structure 2, a fertilization angle adjustment structure 3, a soil loosening and fertilization structure 4, and a fertilizer application structure 5. The entire device design fully considers the actual needs of agricultural production. While ensuring basic functions, it incorporates multiple innovative technologies, enabling it to adapt to different crop planting requirements and soil conditions.

[0033] Mounting bracket 1 is the fundamental support structure of the entire fertilization device, and its design directly affects the stability and reliability of the entire equipment. In this embodiment, mounting bracket 1 adopts a modular frame structure, with high-strength aluminum alloy profiles as the main material, which has excellent corrosion resistance after anodizing treatment. The frame consists of four main beams and multiple auxiliary support beams, forming a stable rectangular structure.

[0034] To enhance the equipment's versatility, the mounting bracket 1 features a standardized mounting interface at its bottom, allowing for quick connection to various agricultural machinery chassis or tractors. This design not only facilitates equipment installation and disassembly but also adapts to different operating environments. Particularly noteworthy is the precision-machined toothed strip 24 on the inner side of the mounting bracket 1. This toothed strip utilizes a special surface treatment process, resulting in extremely high wear resistance and precise tooth profile, providing a fundamental guarantee for subsequent precision transmission.

[0035] The design of mounting bracket 1 also fully considers ease of maintenance. Inspection doors and viewing windows are installed at key locations, allowing maintenance personnel to easily inspect and maintain the internal mechanisms. Simultaneously, multiple standard mounting holes are provided on the frame, reserving space for potential future functional expansion. This forward-thinking design concept reflects the comprehensive consideration of practicality in this invention.

[0036] The fertilization horizontal moving structure 2 is a key mechanism for achieving precise fertilization positioning, and its performance directly affects the accuracy and efficiency of the entire fertilization process. In this embodiment, the structure mainly consists of components such as a moving frame 21, a moving motor 22, a moving gear 23, a slider 25, and a toothed rack 24.

[0037] The mobile frame 21, serving as the main framework of the moving component, adopts a design that combines lightweight construction with high strength. The frame is integrally cast from aluminum alloy, with an internal honeycomb reinforcing rib structure, significantly reducing overall weight while ensuring sufficient strength. This design not only reduces energy consumption during movement but also improves the equipment's moving accuracy.

[0038] The movable frame 21 has two precision-machined sliders 25 on both sides. These sliders are made of a special composite material with self-lubricating properties. Multiple miniature ball bearings are embedded inside the sliders to ensure smooth sliding performance even after long-term use. To prevent the intrusion of external impurities, each slider is equipped with a double sealing system: the outer layer uses a dustproof rubber seal to effectively block soil particles from entering; the inner layer uses a waterproof O-ring seal to prevent rainwater or irrigation water from damaging the bearings.

[0039] A particularly innovative feature is the integration of an automatic gap adjustment mechanism into the slider 25. When wear and tear causes gaps to form due to prolonged use, the built-in spring preload system automatically compensates for these gaps, ensuring that the movement accuracy remains within the design requirements. Simultaneously, a high-precision displacement sensor is installed inside the slider, enabling real-time monitoring of the precise position of the moving frame and providing accurate feedback to the control system.

[0040] In this embodiment, the mobile motor 22 is a high-precision servo motor equipped with a 23-bit absolute encoder. Compared with traditional ordinary motors, servo motors can provide more precise position control and smoother motion characteristics. The motor body adopts a fully sealed structure design with an IP68 protection rating, enabling reliable operation even in muddy field environments.

[0041] To adapt to different working conditions, the mobile motor 22 is equipped with an intelligent control system. This system features adaptive load adjustment, which automatically adjusts the output torque according to the current workload. For example, when working in soft soil, the system reduces the motor power; while in harder soil, it automatically increases the torque output to ensure stable working performance.

[0042] The control system also integrates advanced collision avoidance detection. By monitoring changes in motor current and speed feedback, the system can promptly detect abnormal resistance and immediately stop movement upon collision, effectively protecting equipment and crops. Furthermore, the system has fault diagnosis capabilities, automatically identifying common fault modes and providing operators with corresponding maintenance guidance via a display screen.

[0043] The engagement between the moving gear 23 and the toothed rack 24 is the core of the entire horizontal moving mechanism. In this embodiment, the moving gear 23 adopts a specially designed helical tooth shape, which has better meshing characteristics than traditional spur teeth and can reduce vibration and noise during transmission. The gear material is made of high-quality alloy steel, and after carburizing and quenching treatment, the surface hardness reaches HRC58-62, ensuring wear resistance for long-term use.

[0044] Of particular note is the use of a nano-level anti-stick coating technology on the gear surface. This coating not only reduces the adhesion of soil and plant debris to the gear surface but also provides additional lubrication, further extending the gear's service life. To ensure smooth transmission, the gear system is also equipped with an automatic lubrication device that provides the appropriate amount of lubricating grease to the gear pair at regular intervals.

[0045] The toothed rack 24 is mounted on the mounting bracket 1 and features a modular design for easy replacement and maintenance. Each toothed rack segment is precision machined to achieve a tooth profile accuracy meeting DIN 6 standards. During installation, special locating pins and adjustment mechanisms ensure the connection accuracy between each toothed rack segment, eliminating transmission problems caused by installation errors.

[0046] The fertilization angle adjustment structure 3 is the key mechanism for the entire device to adapt to different terrain conditions. This structure mainly consists of an adjustment motor 31 and an adjustment cylinder 32. By precisely controlling the angle of the fertilization mechanism, it ensures that ideal fertilization results can be achieved under various terrain conditions.

[0047] The adjusting motor 31 uses a high-performance servo motor equipped with a 24-bit high-resolution encoder, achieving an angle control accuracy of 0.01°. This high-precision angle control capability allows the equipment to accurately adapt to various minute terrain changes, ensuring consistency in fertilization depth and angle.

[0048] The motor control system adopts an advanced three-loop control architecture: position loop, speed loop, and current loop. This multi-loop control strategy not only improves the system's response speed but also enhances its anti-interference capability. The system has a parameter self-learning function, which can automatically optimize PID control parameters according to actual working conditions to adapt to different load conditions.

[0049] To improve system reliability, the adjusting motor 31 is equipped with multiple protection functions, including overcurrent protection, overtemperature protection, and over / undervoltage protection. When the system detects an abnormality, it will immediately take corresponding protective measures and send an alarm message to the control center. In addition, the motor also has a power-off position holding function, which can maintain the current position even in the event of an unexpected power outage.

[0050] The adjusting cylinder 32 is connected to the side wall of the movable frame 21, and the angle adjustment function is achieved through a high-precision rotational connection. In this embodiment, the adjusting cylinder 32 adopts a double-bearing support structure, with a high-precision crossed roller bearing installed at both the front and rear. These bearings have extremely high rigidity and precision, and can maintain stable rotational performance even under large radial and axial loads.

[0051] To eliminate transmission backlash, the bearings employ a preload design. Precisely calculated preload ensures zero backlash while avoiding excessive friction caused by excessive preload. The preload system uses a spring-plate combination design, which automatically compensates for wear-induced clearances during long-term use.

[0052] The adjusting cylinder 32 integrates a torque sensor, enabling real-time monitoring of torque changes during transmission. When an abnormal torque peak is detected, the system automatically decelerates or stops to prevent mechanical damage due to overload. The sensor employs a strain gauge design, featuring high precision and rapid response, with a measurement accuracy of ±1%.

[0053] For ease of operation and monitoring, an LED digital display screen is installed on the housing of the adjusting cylinder 32, which can display the current angle position in real time. Operators can intuitively understand the working status of the equipment by observing the display screen. When a fixed angle is required, the system provides an electromagnetic locking function to ensure that the angle position remains stable when work is stopped.

[0054] The angle control system employs an advanced fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm. Compared to traditional PID control, this algorithm better handles nonlinear and time-varying characteristics, making it particularly suitable for complex operating conditions in farmland environments. The algorithm possesses self-learning capabilities, continuously optimizing control parameters based on historical operating data.

[0055] The system has several preset operating modes: Standard mode is suitable for flat surfaces; Precision mode is for applications requiring high-precision angle control; and Fast mode prioritizes response speed. Operators can select the appropriate operating mode based on their specific needs.

[0056] The algorithm also features predictive control capabilities. By analyzing the current operating conditions and soil conditions, the system can predict the angle adjustments needed in the near future, allowing for fine-tuning in advance and avoiding delayed responses. This predictive function is particularly suitable for continuous operation, significantly improving work efficiency and accuracy.

[0057] The soil loosening and fertilization structure 4 is the core mechanism for realizing the function of loosening the soil before fertilizing. This structure mainly includes components such as a soil loosening motor 41, a drive shaft 42, a soil loosening auger 43, an extension shaft 44, a sliding block 45, and an extension electric cylinder 46. The coordinated work of these components ensures the efficiency and precision of the soil loosening and fertilization process.

[0058] The Songtu Motor 41 uses a three-phase asynchronous motor equipped with a high-performance vector control frequency converter. Designed with a power output of 3kW, it provides sufficient torque to handle various soil conditions. The frequency converter features advanced field-oriented control, enabling constant torque output across the entire speed range, ensuring stable operation even in hard soil.

[0059] The variable frequency control system features several intelligent functions. Soft start avoids mechanical shock during startup, extending equipment lifespan. Overload protection automatically reduces motor speed when excessive load is detected, preventing overheating and damage. The system also integrates an energy consumption monitoring module, displaying real-time motor power consumption to help optimize operating parameters.

[0060] A particularly innovative feature is the control system's support for remote monitoring. Through a wireless communication module, operators can monitor the motor's operating status and even make remote adjustments from a distance. The system also has a self-diagnostic function, capable of identifying common fault modes and providing corresponding troubleshooting suggestions.

[0061] In this embodiment, the drive shaft 42 employs an innovative composite material structure design. The shaft core is made of high-strength carbon fiber composite material, with an outer stainless steel sheath. This design ensures sufficient bending and torsional strength while achieving significant weight reduction. Compared to a conventional steel shaft of equivalent strength, the weight is reduced by approximately 40%.

[0062] Of particular note is the hollow design of the drive shaft 42, with a 20mm diameter channel in the center. This channel can be used to lay liquid fertilizer pipelines, enabling precise delivery of liquid fertilizer. This design allows the equipment to process both solid and liquid fertilizers simultaneously, greatly improving its operational flexibility.

[0063] The drive shaft 42 is connected using a spline connection to ensure precise torque transmission. Precision-machined flanges are installed at both ends of the shaft, with the parallelism and perpendicularity of the flange surfaces controlled within 0.02mm. A vibration damper and universal joint are installed in the middle of the drive shaft to effectively absorb vibrations during transmission and improve the overall system stability.

[0064] To monitor the operating status of the drive shaft, multiple sensors are installed on it, including speed sensors, torque sensors, and temperature sensors. The data provided by these sensors is not only used for real-time monitoring but also for predictive maintenance, allowing for the early detection of potential failures.

[0065] The soil-loosening auger 43 is a key component of the entire soil-loosening system, and its design incorporates biomimetic principles. By studying the digging methods of burrowing animals such as marmots, a special spiral shape was designed. This shape not only cuts into the soil more effectively but also transports the loosened soil evenly upwards.

[0066] The auger is made of special alloy steel, which achieves a hardness of HRC52-56 after heat treatment. The surface is coated with a special ceramic coating, providing extremely high wear resistance and self-lubrication. More importantly, this coating is non-stick, effectively preventing clay from adhering to the auger surface and maintaining high efficiency for extended periods.

[0067] The auger is designed with a variable pitch structure. The pitch gradually increases from top to bottom, allowing soil to be transported more smoothly upwards. At the lower end of the auger are special soil-breaking blades made of shape-memory alloy, which have self-sharpening properties. When the blades become dull due to wear, they can be restored to their original sharpness through simple heat treatment.

[0068] To prevent grass roots and other plant debris from tangling on the auger, a special anti-tangling structure is employed. Small, reverse-directional teeth are placed at regular intervals along the spiral edge of the auger, effectively cutting off any tangled grass roots. This design significantly reduces downtime and maintenance time caused by tangling.

[0069] The depth control system is crucial for ensuring accurate fertilization depth. The extended shaft 44 is made of high-strength steel with a chrome-plated finish. Two high-precision linear bearing slide blocks 45 are mounted on the shaft to ensure smooth sliding on the drive shaft 42.

[0070] The extended electric cylinder 46 adopts a servo electric cylinder design, featuring extremely high positional and repeatability accuracy. The cylinder is equipped with built-in displacement and force sensors, enabling dual feedback control of position and force. When abnormal resistance is detected, the system automatically adjusts the propulsion speed or stops movement, effectively protecting the equipment.

[0071] The deep control algorithm features soil adaptive capabilities. The system has built-in parameter models for various soil types, including sandy soil, loam, and clay. By monitoring the changes in motor current and torque during the loosening process in real time, the system can automatically identify the current soil type and adjust the optimal operating parameters.

[0072] The system also features deep memory capabilities. For different crops, the system can record the optimal soil loosening depth and automatically apply it in subsequent operations. This function is particularly suitable for large-scale planting, ensuring consistency throughout the entire process.

[0073] The fertilizer application structure 5 is the core functional module of the entire device, and its design embodies the concept of precision fertilization. This structure mainly includes a mounting plate 51, a fertilizer rotation assembly 52, and three separate fertilizer application components 53. The coordinated operation of these components enables multi-point and multi-angle precision fertilization.

[0074] Mounting plate 51 is made of high-strength die-cast aluminum alloy and precision machined. The plate surface features a grid-like reinforcing rib design, ensuring sufficient rigidity while reducing weight. Multiple sets of standardized mounting holes with M10 threads and a standard 50mm hole spacing facilitate adjustment of the fertilizer applicator's position according to different needs.

[0075] The mounting plate 51 is designed with sealing requirements in mind. All through-holes are equipped with sealing sleeves to prevent soil and moisture from entering the internal mechanisms. The plate's edges feature a full-circle sealing groove, which, together with a sealing rubber strip, creates a strong environmental seal. This design ensures that the internal precision machinery continues to function properly even in harsh field conditions.

[0076] Of particular note is the quick-release feature of mounting plate 51. When the fertilizer application component needs replacement or repair, the entire component can be removed simply by unscrewing a few standard bolts. This design significantly reduces maintenance difficulty and time costs. Furthermore, the plate includes multiple expansion interfaces, providing room for future functional upgrades.

[0077] The fertilizer rotary assembly 52 is a key mechanism for achieving multi-point synchronous fertilization. The rotary motor 521 is a high-precision brushless DC motor with a rated power of 1.5kW, featuring high efficiency and low noise. The motor is equipped with a magnetic encoder with a resolution of 4096 pulses / revolution, enabling extremely precise position control.

[0078] The transmission ratio between the main rotating gear 522 and the secondary rotating gear 523 is designed to be 1:3. This ratio ensures both sufficient output torque and a suitable rotational speed. All gears are manufactured using high-precision grinding technology, achieving a gear accuracy of DIN 7 grade. The gear material is 18CrNiMo7-6 alloy steel, which undergoes carburizing and quenching treatment, resulting in a surface hardness of HRC 58-62.

[0079] Each auxiliary rotating gear 523 is mounted on an independent rotating shaft 524, which is made of high-precision ground stainless steel with a diameter tolerance controlled within ±0.005mm. The shaft is supported by a preloaded angular contact ball bearing to ensure high-precision rotational performance. A sealing ring is installed on the outer ring of the bearing to prevent soil and dust from entering.

[0080] The transmission system integrates advanced synchronization control technology. A central controller monitors and adjusts the speeds of the three auxiliary gears in real time, ensuring precise synchronization among the three fertilization points. The system also features load balancing; when a fertilization point encounters significant resistance, the system automatically increases the driving force at that point while adjusting the speeds of other points to maintain overall synchronization.

[0081] Each individual fertilization assembly 53 is a relatively independent fertilization unit with complete fertilizer storage, metering, and delivery functions. The vertical shaft 531 is hollow with an inner diameter of 12mm, allowing for the passage of control cables and sensor signal lines. The shaft is made of stainless steel with a nickel-plated finish, providing excellent corrosion resistance.

[0082] The vertical shaft 531 is connected to the secondary rotating gear 523 via a spline connection to ensure accurate torque transmission. A multi-turn absolute magnetic encoder is installed at the bottom of the shaft, capable of accurately detecting the shaft's rotation angle and position. This data is used to achieve precise control of fertilizer application.

[0083] The fertilizer storage cylinder 532 has a designed capacity of 5 kg and is made of polyethylene material with a smooth inner wall to prevent fertilizer adhesion. The cylinder body adopts a double-layer structure: the outer layer is a structural layer, providing mechanical strength; the inner layer is a functional layer, with anti-corrosion and anti-stick properties. A transparent material level display window is provided at the top of the cylinder, allowing operators to visually observe the remaining fertilizer level.

[0084] Of particular note is the integrated intelligent functionality of the fertilizer placement cylinder 532. This includes a temperature control system; when the ambient temperature is low and the fertilizer may clump, the built-in heating element automatically activates to maintain a suitable temperature. An electric stirrer is also installed inside the cylinder, which periodically agitates the fertilizer to prevent bridging.

[0085] The feed inlet 533 is designed with an adjustable opening. The opening size can be remotely controlled via an electric actuator, thereby regulating the fertilizer flow rate. The opening features a tapered design to effectively prevent fertilizer bridging at the inlet. The feed inlet is equipped with an insect screen and dust cover, which automatically close when not in use to prevent foreign objects from entering.

[0086] The fertilizer dispensing box 534 is a key component that comes into direct contact with the soil, and its design takes into account various practical needs. The box is made of high-strength engineering plastic, offering excellent wear and corrosion resistance. The box features a multi-chamber design, with each chamber independently controllable to achieve precise mixing ratios of different fertilizers.

[0087] The discharge box and the side wall of the fertilizer placement cylinder 532 are hinged, and the hinge point is designed with a spherical bearing structure, which can realize multi-directional angle adjustment. The adjusting electric cylinder 536 adopts a precision electric push rod with a stroke of 50mm and a position accuracy of ±0.1mm. The push rod is covered with a protective corrugated sleeve 537 to prevent soil and moisture from damaging the push rod.

[0088] The 538 discharge holes on the discharge box are processed using laser cutting technology, ensuring precise hole diameter control. The distribution of the holes is carefully designed to ensure even distribution of fertilizer. Each hole opens in a slightly different direction, creating a certain diffusion angle and increasing the coverage area of ​​the fertilizer application. The discharge holes are equipped with electromagnetic regulating valves, which can close some holes as needed to achieve more precise control of the fertilizer application rate.

[0089] A particularly innovative feature is the inclusion of a mixing device inside the discharge box. When multiple fertilizers are required, they are pre-mixed within the box to ensure a uniform fertilizer ratio applied to the soil. The mixing device employs a turbine design, driven by an independent small motor, enabling rapid and uniform mixing.

[0090] The fertilizer is conveyed from the fertilizer placement cylinder 532 to the fertilizer discharge box 534 using advanced pneumatic conveying technology. The hose adopts a multi-layer composite structure design, with an inner layer of food-grade silicone that has excellent chemical stability; a middle layer of steel wire braiding that provides mechanical strength; and an outer layer of polyurethane material that is weather-resistant and wear-resistant.

[0091] The fan connected to the air outlet duct adopts a centrifugal design, and the air volume is adjustable from 0-100m³ / h. 3 / h. The blower is equipped with a frequency converter, which can automatically adjust the airflow speed according to the type and density of the fertilizer. The system also integrates a pressure sensor to monitor pressure changes in the pipeline in real time. When a blockage is detected, the airflow will be automatically increased to clear it.

[0092] The delivery system features a self-cleaning function. After each operation, the system automatically initiates a high-pressure cleaning program, using high-speed airflow to remove residues from the pipes. This design ensures that different fertilizers do not contaminate each other and prevents pipe blockage.

[0093] To achieve precise fertilization control, the delivery system integrates a flow meter and a weight sensor. The flow meter measures the fertilizer flow rate in real time, while the weight sensor monitors changes in the overall weight of the system. Through feedback from these two sensors, the system can precisely control the amount of fertilizer applied at each point, with an error margin within ±3%.

[0094] The control system of the entire fertilization unit adopts a hierarchical distributed architecture. The main controller is located at the upper level, responsible for overall coordination and decision-making; the controllers of each subsystem are located at the lower level, responsible for specific execution control. The main controller uses a 32-bit ARM Cortex-A9 processor, runs a real-time operating system, and has powerful data processing capabilities.

[0095] The control system uses the CAN bus protocol for communication, offering high reliability and real-time performance. The bus topology employs a dual-redundancy design, ensuring the system continues to function normally even if one bus fails. Each subsystem controller is assigned a unique address and priority, guaranteeing orderly communication.

[0096] The system integrates a rich sensor network, including soil sensors (moisture, pH, NPK content), environmental sensors (temperature, humidity, wind speed), and equipment sensors (vibration, temperature, current). The data provided by these sensors is uploaded to the cloud via a wireless transmission module, forming a complete data loop.

[0097] Of particular note is the integration of machine learning algorithms into the control system, which automatically optimizes fertilization parameters based on historical and real-time monitoring data. The system also supports cloud-based upgrades, allowing new algorithms and features to be deployed to the equipment remotely.

[0098] The equipment's safety protection system includes multiple protective measures. Mechanically, all rotating parts are equipped with protective covers to prevent accidental contact by operators. Electrically, it employs three-level leakage protection to ensure electrical safety. In terms of control, it is equipped with an emergency stop button, which can stop all movement with a single press.

[0099] The equipment is designed with ease of maintenance in mind. Key components are modular, allowing for quick replacement of faulty parts. The system has self-diagnostic capabilities, automatically identifying fault types and locations, and displaying fault codes and troubleshooting suggestions on the screen.

[0100] The preventative maintenance system automatically reminds users of maintenance times based on equipment uptime and workload. The system includes built-in maintenance guides and video tutorials, allowing operators to perform routine maintenance tasks. For complex faults, the system supports remote technical support, enabling professional technicians to diagnose and guide repairs remotely via the network.

[0101] The fertilization device of this invention has been tested in actual farmland and has demonstrated excellent performance under various crop and soil conditions. In a corn planting trial, compared with traditional fertilization methods, fertilizer utilization was increased by 32% and crop yield increased by 15%. In the application of ring fertilization for fruit trees, precise depth control and angle adjustment resulted in more uniform fertilization and significantly improved fruit tree growth.

[0102] The equipment's adaptability to different terrain conditions was also verified. In mountain orchards with slopes reaching 20°, the automatic angle adjustment function ensured consistent fertilization depth. In heavy clay soils, its powerful soil-loosening ability effectively improved soil structure, creating favorable conditions for fertilizer absorption.

[0103] From an economic perspective, although the initial investment in this equipment is relatively high, the payback period is approximately 2-3 years due to improvements in fertilizer utilization, reduced labor costs, and increased crop yields. Long-term use can also improve soil structure and enhance the sustainable productivity of farmland.

[0104] The fertilization device of the present invention has the following significant technical features:

[0105] Loosen the soil before fertilizing: This unique workflow ensures that the fertilizer is fully mixed with the loose soil, improving absorption efficiency.

[0106] Precise control: Through multi-sensor feedback and advanced control algorithms, precise control of fertilization depth, angle, and amount is achieved.

[0107] Modular design: Key components adopt a modular design, which facilitates maintenance and functional expansion.

[0108] High level of intelligence: It integrates artificial intelligence algorithms and has self-learning and self-adaptive capabilities.

[0109] Environmentally friendly and efficient: It significantly improves fertilizer utilization, reduces environmental pollution, and meets the requirements of sustainable agricultural development.

[0110] This invention, through innovative mechanical structure design and advanced control technology, achieves an organic combination of soil improvement and precision fertilization, providing a highly efficient and environmentally friendly solution for modern agriculture. With continuous technological advancements and expanded application areas, this device will undoubtedly play a vital role in promoting agricultural modernization and make significant contributions to ensuring food security and promoting sustainable agricultural development.

[0111] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fertilization device for improving the soil environment, characterized in that, The system includes a mounting bracket (1), on which a fertilization horizontal moving structure (2) is provided, the fertilization horizontal moving structure (2) and the mounting bracket (1) are slidably connected, the fertilization horizontal moving structure (2) is provided with a fertilization angle adjustment structure (3), the fertilization angle adjustment structure (3) and the fertilization horizontal moving structure (2) are rotatably connected, the fertilization angle adjustment structure (3) is provided with a soil loosening and fertilization structure (4), the soil loosening and fertilization structure (4) and the fertilization angle adjustment structure (3) are rotatably connected, the fertilization horizontal moving structure (2) is provided with a fertilizer fertilization structure (5), the fertilizer fertilization structure (5) is located beside the soil loosening and fertilization structure (4); The fertilization horizontal moving structure (2) includes a moving frame (21), a moving motor (22) and a moving gear (23). The moving frame (21) has two sliders (25) on both sides. The moving frame (21) is slidably connected to the mounting bracket (1) through the corresponding sliders (25). The moving motor (22) is located on the moving frame (21). The moving gear (23) is connected to the main shaft of the moving motor (22). The mounting bracket (1) is provided with a toothed rack (24) that meshes with the moving gear (23). The fertilizer angle adjustment structure (3) includes an adjustment motor (31) and an adjustment cylinder (32). The adjustment motor (31) is located on the side wall of the movable frame (21), and the adjustment cylinder (32) is rotatably connected to the movable frame (21). The main shaft of the adjustment motor (31) is connected to the adjustment cylinder (32) in a transmission connection. The soil loosening and fertilization structure (4) includes a soil loosening motor (41), a drive shaft (42), and a soil loosening auger (43). The soil loosening motor (41) is located at the top of the adjusting cylinder (32). The drive shaft (42) is connected to the main shaft of the soil loosening motor (41), and the drive shaft (42) rotates inside the adjusting cylinder (32). The soil loosening auger (43) is connected to the drive shaft (42). The fertilizer application structure (5) includes a mounting plate (51), a fertilizer application rotating assembly (52), and three individual fertilizer application assemblies (53). The mounting plate (51) is horizontally mounted on the side wall of the movable frame (21). The fertilizer application rotating assembly (52) is mounted on the mounting plate (51) and is rotatably connected to the mounting plate (51). The three individual fertilizer application assemblies (53) are connected to the fertilizer application rotating assembly (52). The fertilizer application rotating assembly (52) includes a rotating motor (521), a main rotating gear (522), and three auxiliary rotating gears (523). The rotating motor (521) is located on the top of the mounting plate (51), and the main rotating gear (522) is connected to the rotating motor (521). The main shaft of the motor (521) is connected, and each of the auxiliary rotating gears (523) is provided with a rotating shaft (524). The auxiliary rotating gears (523) are rotatably connected to the bottom of the mounting plate (51) through the rotating shaft (524). The three auxiliary rotating gears (523) mesh with the main rotating gear (522). Each of the individual fertilizer application components (53) includes a vertical shaft (531). The vertical shaft (531) is connected to the bottom of the auxiliary rotating gear (523). The bottom of the vertical shaft (531) is provided with a fertilizer placement cylinder (532). The fertilizer placement cylinder (532) is provided with a feed inlet (533). The bottom of the fertilizer placement cylinder (532) is provided with a fertilizer discharge box (534). The movable frame (21) moves horizontally on the mounting bracket (1) via the slider (25) to move the position of the fertilizer discharge box (534) to the soil that has been loosened by the soil loosening auger (43); The fertilizer discharge box (534) is hinged to the side wall of the fertilizer placement cylinder (532). An adjusting electric cylinder (536) is provided between the fertilizer discharge box (534) and the fertilizer placement cylinder (532). The tail end of the adjusting electric cylinder (536) is hinged to the fertilizer placement cylinder (532), and the telescopic end of the adjusting electric cylinder (536) is hinged to the fertilizer discharge box (534). A corrugated sleeve (537) is fitted on the adjusting electric cylinder (536). The fertilizer discharge box (534) is provided with several discharge holes (538). A flexible hose is provided inside the fertilizer placement cylinder (532). The flexible hose is installed in the fertilizer... Between the fertilizer placement cylinder (532) and the fertilizer discharge box (534), an air outlet pipe is connected to the flexible hose; the fertilizer placement cylinder (532) integrates intelligent functions, including a temperature control system. When the ambient temperature is low and the fertilizer may clump, the built-in heating wire will automatically start to maintain a suitable temperature; the fertilizer placement cylinder (532) is also equipped with an electric stirrer, which starts stirring at regular intervals to prevent fertilizer bridging. The discharge hole (538) on the discharge box is processed by laser cutting technology, with precise hole diameter control. The opening direction of each hole is slightly different, forming a certain diffusion angle to increase the coverage area of ​​fertilizer application.

2. The fertilization device for improving the soil environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil loosening auger (43) is provided with an extension shaft (44), and the extension shaft (44) is provided with two sliding blocks (45). The extension shaft (44) is slidably connected to the transmission shaft (42) through the two sliding blocks (45). The transmission shaft (42) is provided with an extension electric cylinder (46), and the extension end of the extension electric cylinder (46) is connected to the extension shaft (44).

3. A fertilization device for improving the soil environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the rotating shaft (524) is provided with a threaded rod (535), which is threadedly connected to the vertical shaft (531).

4. A fertilization device for improving soil environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive shaft (42) is a hollow shaft, and the shaft center of the drive shaft (42) is provided with a channel with a diameter of 20mm, and a liquid fertilizer pipeline is arranged in the channel.

5. A fertilization device for improving the soil environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slider (25) is equipped with a spring preload system and a displacement sensor is also installed inside the slider (25).

6. A fertilization device for improving soil environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting cylinder (32) is equipped with a torque sensor inside, which is a strain gauge torque sensor.

7. A fertilization device for improving soil environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer placement cylinder (532) is equipped with a heating wire inside, and an electric stirrer is also installed inside the fertilizer placement cylinder (532).

8. A fertilization device for improving soil environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge port (538) is equipped with an electromagnetic regulating valve, and the fertilizer discharge box (534) is equipped with a mixing device inside. The mixing device is a turbine mixing device and is driven by an independent motor.

9. A fertilization device for improving soil environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission ratio between the main rotating gear (522) and the secondary rotating gear (523) is 1:3.

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