Cultivation composition and cultivation method of coriolus versicolor

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of edible mushroom cultivation, and discloses a cultivation composition and a cultivation method of Coriolus versicolor. The cultivation composition contains sawdust, wheat bran, gypsum, graphene quantum dots and composite nanoparticles. The composite nanoparticles include nano-metal particles and mesoporous inorganic oxides coated on the surface of the nano-metal particles. The cultivation method includes the following steps: inoculating Coriolus versicolor into the cultivation composition for mycelium cultivation and Coriolus versicolor management. The cultivation composition of Coriolus versicolor can reduce bacterial contamination during the growth of Coriolus versicolor, shorten the growth cycle of Coriolus versicolor, and improve the quality of the fruiting bodies of Coriolus versicolor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of edible fungi cultivation, specifically to a cultivation composition and method for Ganoderma lucidum. Background Technology

[0002] The field of edible fungi cultivation technology has developed rapidly in recent years, and the market demand for *Trametes versicolor*, a large fungus with important medicinal value, continues to grow. *Trametes versicolor* is rich in polysaccharides, proteins, terpenes, and other bioactive components, exhibiting significant effects in immune regulation, anti-tumor activity, and anti-oxidation, and is widely used in medicine, health products, and cosmetics.

[0003] Traditional cultivation substrate formulations for *Ganoderma lucidum* (Yellow Turtle) are diverse. Common formulations primarily consist of broadleaf sawdust and wheat bran, supplemented with soybean meal, gypsum, and lime. For example, a substrate might contain 85-89 parts broadleaf sawdust, 7-1 parts wheat bran, 2 parts soybean meal, 1 part gypsum, and 1 part lime, providing essential nutrients for *Ganoderma lucidum* growth. There have also been attempts to replace some traditional materials with mulberry branch sawdust, grape branch sawdust, and passion fruit vines, using a mixture of 22-26 parts each. These materials are widely available and inexpensive. Further research has optimized formulations using mulberry branch sawdust, fermented mulberry leaf compound, and sugarcane bagasse, such as 58-70% mulberry branch sawdust, 4-6% fermented mulberry leaf compound, and 5-8% sugarcane bagasse, providing richer nutrients and promoting the accumulation of active ingredients. However, *Ganoderma lucidum* cultivation suffers from severe microbial contamination, a long growth cycle, and poor fruiting body quality.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a cultivation method for Ganoderma lucidum that can reduce contamination by miscellaneous bacteria during the production process, shorten the growth cycle of Ganoderma lucidum, and improve the quality of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems of serious contamination by miscellaneous bacteria, long growth cycle and poor quality of fruiting bodies in the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum in the prior art. This invention provides a cultivation composition and cultivation method for Ganoderma lucidum. The cultivation composition can reduce contamination by miscellaneous bacteria during the growth process of Ganoderma lucidum, shorten the growth cycle of Ganoderma lucidum, and improve the quality of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of the present invention provides a cultivation composition for Ganoderma lucidum, the cultivation composition containing sawdust, wheat bran, gypsum, graphene quantum dots and composite nanoparticles; the composite nanoparticles include nano-metal particles and mesoporous inorganic oxides coated on the surface of the nano-metal particles.

[0007] Preferably, the nano-metal particles are selected from at least one of nano-zinc oxide particles, nano-silver particles, and nano-copper oxide particles, and more preferably nano-zinc oxide particles.

[0008] Preferably, the mesoporous inorganic oxide is mesoporous silicon dioxide and / or mesoporous aluminum oxide, and more preferably mesoporous silicon dioxide.

[0009] Preferably, the lateral dimension of the graphene quantum dots is 3-10 nm.

[0010] Preferably, the graphene quantum dots are surface-modified with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, and the molar ratio of hydroxyl to carboxyl groups on the graphene quantum dots surface modification is 1:0.3-1.

[0011] Preferably, the nano-metal particles have a particle size of 20-50 nm, and the mesoporous inorganic oxide has a thickness of 2-5 nm.

[0012] Preferably, the mass ratio of the graphene quantum dots to the composite nanoparticles is 1:0.5-20.

[0013] Preferably, based on the weight of the cultivation composition, the content of sawdust is 40-60%, the content of wheat bran is 20-30%, the content of gypsum is 5-10%, the content of graphene quantum dots is 0.005-0.02%, and the content of composite nanoparticles is 0.01-0.1%.

[0014] Preferably, the pH of the cultivation composition is 5.5-6.5.

[0015] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum, the method comprising the following steps: inoculating Ganoderma lucidum into a cultivation composition for mycelial growth culture and Ganoderma lucidum emergence management; the cultivation composition contains sawdust, wheat bran, gypsum, graphene quantum dots and composite nanoparticles; the composite nanoparticles include nano-metal particles and mesoporous inorganic oxides coated on the surface of the nano-metal particles.

[0016] Preferably, the nano-metal particles are selected from at least one of nano-zinc oxide particles, nano-silver particles, and nano-copper oxide, and more preferably nano-zinc oxide particles.

[0017] Preferably, the mesoporous inorganic oxide is mesoporous silicon dioxide and / or mesoporous aluminum oxide, and more preferably mesoporous silicon dioxide.

[0018] Preferably, the lateral dimension of the graphene quantum dots is 3-10 nm.

[0019] Preferably, the graphene quantum dots are surface-modified with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, and the molar ratio of hydroxyl to carboxyl groups on the graphene quantum dots surface modification is 1:0.3-1.

[0020] Preferably, the particle size of the nano-metal particles is 20-50 nm, and the thickness of the mesoporous inorganic oxide layer is 2-5 nm.

[0021] Preferably, the mass ratio of the graphene quantum dots to the composite nanoparticles is 1:0.5-20.

[0022] Preferably, based on the weight of the cultivation composition, the content of sawdust is 40-60%, the content of wheat bran is 20-30%, the content of gypsum is 5-10%, the content of graphene quantum dots is 0.005-0.02%, and the content of composite nanoparticles is 0.01-0.1%.

[0023] Preferably, the pH of the cultivation composition is 5.5-6.5.

[0024] Preferably, before inoculation, the moisture content of the cultivation composition is adjusted to 55-65 wt%, and the cultivation composition is sterilized.

[0025] Preferably, the sterilization conditions include at least the following: a temperature of 80-85°C and a time of 20-30 minutes.

[0026] Preferably, the conditions for mycelial culture include at least: protection from light, a temperature of 25-28°C, a relative humidity of 70-80%, and a time of 15-20 days.

[0027] Preferably, the process of managing the mycelium growth includes: irradiating the mixture obtained from the mycelium culture with light.

[0028] Preferably, the illumination conditions include at least: a wavelength of 790-820 nm and a power density of 1-1.5 W / cm². 2 The temperature is 45-55℃.

[0029] Preferably, the illumination is intermittent, with each illumination lasting 10-15 minutes and the time interval between adjacent illuminations being 1.5-2.5 hours.

[0030] Preferably, the strain of *Trametes versicolor* is *Trametes versicolor* (also known as *Trametes versicolor*). Versicolor trametes HW-119, accession number CCTCC NO:M2025762.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present invention through the above technical solution are as follows:

[0032] The cultivation composition for Ganoderma lucidum provided by this invention contains sawdust, wheat bran, gypsum, graphene quantum dots, and composite nanoparticles. The composite nanoparticles include nano-metal particles and mesoporous inorganic oxides coated on the surface of the nano-metal particles. Through the synergistic effect between graphene quantum dots and composite nanoparticles, the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition can be further enhanced, thereby further protecting the growth environment of Ganoderma lucidum, promoting its growth and development, and improving the quality of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies, which has significant market prospects. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

[0034] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a cultivation composition for Ganoderma lucidum, the cultivation composition containing sawdust, wheat bran, gypsum, graphene quantum dots and composite nanoparticles; the composite nanoparticles include nano-metal particles and mesoporous inorganic oxides coated on the surface of the nano-metal particles.

[0035] During their research, the inventors unexpectedly discovered that the cultivation composition for Ganoderma lucidum contains sawdust, wheat bran, gypsum, graphene quantum dots, and composite nanoparticles coated with a mesoporous inorganic oxide layer on the surface of nano-metal particles. Through the synergistic effect between graphene quantum dots and composite nanoparticles, the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition can be further enhanced, thereby further protecting the growth environment of Ganoderma lucidum, promoting its growth and development, and improving the quality of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies, showing significant market potential.

[0036] According to the present invention, preferably, the nano-metal particles are selected from at least one of nano-zinc oxide particles, nano-silver particles, and nano-copper oxide, and more preferably nano-zinc oxide particles. The inventors have discovered that coating the surface of the above-mentioned nano-metal particles with mesoporous inorganic oxides can further enhance the synergistic effect between the composite nanoparticles and graphene quantum dots, thereby further improving the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition.

[0037] According to the present invention, preferably, the mesoporous inorganic oxide is mesoporous silica and / or mesoporous alumina, more preferably mesoporous silica. The inventors have found that, under this preferred embodiment, coating the surface of the nano-metal particles with the aforementioned mesoporous inorganic oxide can further enhance the synergistic effect between the composite nanoparticles and graphene quantum dots, inhibit the growth of bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger, improve the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition, and thus further protect the growth environment of Ganoderma lucidum, promote its growth and development, and improve the quality of the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body.

[0038] According to the present invention, in order to further improve the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition, preferably, the lateral size of the graphene quantum dots is 3-10 nm, specifically 3 nm, 5 nm, 7 nm, 10 nm, or any value between the two aforementioned values.

[0039] According to the present invention, preferably, the surface of the graphene quantum dots is modified with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, and the molar ratio of the hydroxyl to carboxyl groups on the surface of the graphene quantum dots is 1:0.3-1, specifically 1:0.3, 1:0.5, 1:0.7, 1:1, or any value between the two aforementioned values. The inventors have found that, under this preferred embodiment, the graphene quantum dots have good water solubility and biocompatibility, and can form better synergistic effects with other components in the cultivation composition, exerting interaction with the cells of *Trametes versicolor*, promoting the absorption and utilization of nutrients in the cultivation composition by *Trametes versicolor*, further improving the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition, further protecting the growth environment of *Trametes versicolor*, promoting the growth and development of *Trametes versicolor*, and improving the quality of *Trametes versicolor* fruiting bodies.

[0040] According to the present invention, in order to further improve the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition, preferably, the particle size of the nano-metal particles is 20-50nm, specifically 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, or any value between the two aforementioned values; the thickness of the mesoporous inorganic oxide is 2-5nm, specifically 2nm, 3nm, 4nm, 5nm, or any value between the two aforementioned values.

[0041] According to the present invention, preferably, the mass ratio of the graphene quantum dots to the composite nanoparticles is 1:0.5-20, specifically 1:0.5, 1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or any value between the two aforementioned values. The inventors have found that, under this preferred embodiment, the synergistic effect between the graphene quantum dots and composite nanoparticles at the above-mentioned specific mass ratio can further improve the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition, further protect the growth environment of *Torreya grandis*, promote the growth and development of *Torreya grandis*, and improve the quality of *Torreya grandis* fruiting bodies.

[0042] In this invention, graphene quantum dots and composite nanoparticles can be prepared in-house or purchased commercially.

[0043] According to the present invention, graphene quantum dots can be prepared using methods conventionally selected in the art, such as hydrothermal methods. Preferably, the method for preparing the graphene quantum dots includes: dissolving an organic carbon source and an organic nitrogen source in water to carry out a hydrothermal reaction I to obtain a reaction solution; and dialyzing and drying the reaction solution.

[0044] According to the present invention, in order to further improve the synergistic effect of graphene quantum dots and other components in the cultivation composition and the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition, preferably, the mass ratio of the organic carbon source to the organic nitrogen source is 2-8:1, specifically 2:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, or any value between the two aforementioned values.

[0045] According to the present invention, in order to further enhance the synergistic effect of graphene quantum dots with other components in the cultivation composition and the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition, preferably, the organic carbon source is an organic acid, and the organic nitrogen source is urea and / or ammonia. More preferably, the organic carbon source is citric acid, and the organic nitrogen source is urea.

[0046] According to the present invention, in order to further improve the yield of graphene quantum dots, preferably, the conditions of the hydrothermal reaction I include at least: a temperature of 180-220°C, specifically 180°C, 200°C, 220°C, or any value between the two aforementioned values; and a time of 6-10h, specifically 6h, 8h, 10h, or any value between the two aforementioned values.

[0047] According to the present invention, in order to further improve the reaction efficiency and yield of graphene quantum dots, preferably, the hydrothermal reaction I is carried out in a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined reactor.

[0048] According to the present invention, in order to further improve the yield and purity of graphene quantum dots, in a preferred embodiment, the dialysis and drying process includes: cooling the reaction solution to room temperature, filtering it with a 0.2-0.3 μm microporous membrane to obtain filtrate I, separating the filtrate through a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 800-1200 Da for 40-60 hours to obtain filtrate II, and freeze-drying the filtrate II.

[0049] According to the present invention, graphene quantum dots can be prepared using methods conventionally selected in the art, such as hydrothermal methods.

[0050] According to the present invention, in a preferred embodiment, the preparation process of the composite nanoparticles includes: mixing and dispersing nano-metal particles and ethanol to obtain a suspension; adding ammonia, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) to the suspension for a mixing reaction; and separating the mixture obtained from the mixing reaction.

[0051] According to the present invention, in order to further improve the yield of composite nanoparticles, preferably, the mass ratio of the nano-metal particles to the ethanol is 0.2-0.8:100, specifically 0.2:100, 0.4:100, 0.6:100, 0.8:100, or any value between the two aforementioned values.

[0052] According to the present invention, the dispersion treatment can be a common dispersion treatment method in the art. For example, the dispersion treatment can be ultrasonic treatment, and the conditions of the ultrasonic treatment include at least: a power of 230-270W, specifically 230W, 250W, 270W, or any value between the two aforementioned values; and a time of 20-40min, specifically 20min, 30min, 40min, or any value between the two aforementioned values.

[0053] According to the present invention, in order to further improve the yield of composite nanoparticles and the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition, preferably, the mass ratio of the ammonia water, the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and the tetraethyl orthosilicate is 1:0.1-0.5:0.02-0.2.

[0054] According to the present invention, the process of separating the mixture includes: centrifuging the mixture and then washing it.

[0055] According to the present invention, the conditions for the mixing reaction include at least 30-50°C, specifically 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, or any value between the two aforementioned values.

[0056] According to the present invention, when the nano-metal particles are nano-zinc oxide particles, in a preferred embodiment, the preparation process of the nano-zinc oxide particles includes: mixing zinc salt, sodium hydroxide and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and carrying out hydrothermal reaction II, followed by washing and drying.

[0057] According to the present invention, the zinc salt is zinc nitrate and / or zinc sulfate, preferably zinc nitrate; exemplaryly, the zinc nitrate can be a zinc nitrate solution with a concentration of 0.05-0.2 mol / L, specifically 0.05 mol / L, 0.1 mol / L, 0.15 mol / L, 0.2 mol / L, or any value between the two aforementioned values. The sodium hydroxide can be a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 1.5-2.5 mol / L, specifically 1.5 mol / L, 2 mol / L, 2.5 mol / L, or any value between the two aforementioned values. The volume ratio of the sodium hydroxide solution to the zinc nitrate solution can be 1:0.8-1.2, specifically 1:0.8, 1:1, 1:1.2, or any value between the two aforementioned values.

[0058] According to the present invention, in order to further improve the reaction efficiency and yield of nano-zinc oxide particles, preferably, the conditions of the hydrothermal reaction II include at least: a temperature of 110-130°C, specifically 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, or any value between the two aforementioned values; and a time of 4-8 hours, specifically 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, or any value between the two aforementioned values. The hydrothermal reaction II can be carried out in a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined reactor.

[0059] According to the present invention, preferably, based on the cultivation composition, the content of sawdust is 40-60%, specifically 40%, 50%, 60%, or any value between the two aforementioned values; the content of wheat bran is 20-30%, specifically 20%, 25%, 30%, or any value between the two aforementioned values; the content of gypsum is 5-10%, specifically 5%, 7%, 10%, or any value between the two aforementioned values; the content of graphene quantum dots is 0.005-0.02%, specifically 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.02%, or any value between the two aforementioned values; and the content of composite nanoparticles is 0.01-0.1%, specifically 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, or any value between the two aforementioned values. The inventors have found that, under this preferred embodiment, the synergistic effect between the components with the above-mentioned contents further improves the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition, thereby further protecting the growth environment of *Torreya grandis*, promoting its growth and development, and improving the quality of *Torreya grandis* fruiting bodies.

[0060] According to the present invention, in order to further improve the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition, preferably, the pH of the cultivation composition is 5.5-6.5, specifically 5.5, 6, 6.5, or any value between the two aforementioned values.

[0061] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum, the method comprising the following steps: inoculating Ganoderma lucidum into a cultivation composition for mycelial growth culture and Ganoderma lucidum emergence management; the cultivation composition contains sawdust, wheat bran, gypsum, graphene quantum dots and composite nanoparticles; the composite nanoparticles include nano-metal particles and mesoporous inorganic oxides coated on the surface of the nano-metal particles.

[0062] The cultivation method described in this invention is simple, easy to operate, and has low production costs.

[0063] According to the present invention, preferably, the nano-metal particles are selected from at least one of nano-zinc oxide particles, nano-silver particles, and nano-copper oxide, and more preferably nano-zinc oxide particles. The inventors have discovered that coating the surface of the above-mentioned nano-metal particles with mesoporous inorganic oxides can further enhance the synergistic effect between the composite nanoparticles and graphene quantum dots, thereby further improving the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition, further protecting the growth environment of *Trametes versicolor*, promoting the growth and development of *Trametes versicolor*, and improving the quality of *Trametes versicolor* fruiting bodies.

[0064] According to the present invention, preferably, the mesoporous inorganic oxide is mesoporous silica and / or mesoporous alumina, more preferably mesoporous silica. The inventors have found that, under this preferred embodiment, coating the surface of the nano-metal particles with the above-mentioned mesoporous inorganic oxide can further enhance the synergistic effect between the composite nanoparticles and graphene quantum dots, inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, and other miscellaneous bacteria, improve the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition, thereby further protecting the growth environment of Trametes versicolor, promoting its growth and development, and improving the quality of the Trametes versicolor fruiting bodies.

[0065] According to the present invention, in order to further improve the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition, preferably, the lateral size of the graphene quantum dots is 3-10 nm, specifically 3 nm, 5 nm, 7 nm, 10 nm, or any value between the two aforementioned values.

[0066] According to the present invention, preferably, the surface of the graphene quantum dots is modified with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, and the molar ratio of the hydroxyl to carboxyl groups on the surface of the graphene quantum dots is 1:0.3-1, specifically 1:0.3, 1:0.5, 1:0.7, 1:1, or any value between the two aforementioned values. The inventors have found that, under this preferred embodiment, the graphene quantum dots have good water solubility and biocompatibility, and can form better synergistic effects with other components in the cultivation composition, exerting an interaction with the cells of *Trametes versicolor*, promoting the absorption and utilization of nutrients in the cultivation composition by *Trametes versicolor*, further improving the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition, thereby further protecting the growth environment of *Trametes versicolor*, promoting the growth and development of *Trametes versicolor*, and improving the quality of *Trametes versicolor* fruiting bodies.

[0067] According to the present invention, in order to further improve the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition, preferably, the particle size of the nano-metal particles is 20-50nm, specifically 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, or any value between the two aforementioned values; the thickness of the mesoporous inorganic oxide is 2-5nm, specifically 2nm, 3nm, 4nm, 5nm, or any value between the two aforementioned values.

[0068] According to the present invention, preferably, the mass ratio of the graphene quantum dots to the composite nanoparticles is 1:0.5-20, specifically 1:0.5, 1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, or any value between the two aforementioned values. The inventors have found that, under this preferred embodiment, the synergistic effect between the graphene quantum dots and composite nanoparticles at the above-mentioned specific mass ratio can further improve the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition, further protect the growth environment of *Torreya grandis*, promote the growth and development of *Torreya grandis*, and improve the quality of *Torreya grandis* fruiting bodies.

[0069] According to the present invention, preferably, based on the cultivation composition, the content of sawdust is 40-60%, specifically 40%, 50%, 60%, or any value between the two aforementioned values; the content of wheat bran is 20-30%, specifically 20%, 25%, 30%, or any value between the two aforementioned values; the content of gypsum is 5-10%, specifically 5%, 7%, 10%, or any value between the two aforementioned values; the content of graphene quantum dots is 0.005-0.02%, specifically 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.02%, or any value between the two aforementioned values; and the content of composite nanoparticles is 0.01-0.1%, specifically 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, or any value between the two aforementioned values. The inventors have found that, under this preferred embodiment, the synergistic effect between the components with the above-mentioned contents further improves the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition, thereby further protecting the growth environment of *Torreya grandis*, promoting its growth and development, and improving the quality of *Torreya grandis* fruiting bodies.

[0070] According to the present invention, in order to further improve the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition, preferably, the pH of the cultivation composition is 5.5-6.5, specifically 5.5, 6, 6.5, or any value between the two aforementioned values.

[0071] In this invention, graphene quantum dots and composite nanoparticles can be prepared in-house or commercially available. When graphene quantum dots and composite nanoparticles are prepared in-house, the preparation method is as described above.

[0072] In this invention, preferably, when inoculating the cultivation composition with *Torreya grandis*, the inoculation amount of *Torreya grandis* is 1-10 wt% of the cultivation composition, specifically 1 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, or any value between the aforementioned two values. The inventors have found that this preferred embodiment is beneficial for promoting the growth of *Torreya grandis* and increasing the biomass of fermentation.

[0073] According to the present invention, preferably, before inoculation, the moisture content of the cultivation composition is adjusted to 55-65 wt%, specifically 55 wt%, 60 wt%, 65 wt%, or any value between the two aforementioned values; and the cultivation composition is sterilized. The inventors have found that, under this preferred embodiment, controlling the moisture content of the cultivation composition within the above range can further promote the growth of *Torreya grandis*; sterilization treatment can further improve the growth environment of *Torreya grandis*, thereby improving the quality of the *Torreya grandis* fruiting bodies.

[0074] According to the present invention, the sterilization conditions include at least: a temperature of 80-85°C, specifically 80°C, 83°C, 85°C, or any value between the two aforementioned values; and a time of 20-30 minutes, specifically 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes, or any value between the two aforementioned values. The inventors have found that, under this preferred embodiment, compared to traditional high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization methods, pasteurization can reduce sterilization energy consumption and production costs, resulting in significant economic benefits.

[0075] In this invention, the sterilized cultivation composition is cooled to 20-30°C before inoculation with Ganoderma lucidum.

[0076] According to the present invention, the parameters such as temperature, air humidity, and time used in the mycelium incubation can be conventional settings in the art. Preferably, the conditions for mycelium incubation include at least: protection from light; a temperature of 25-28°C, specifically 25°C, 26°C, 27°C, 28°C, or any value between the two aforementioned values; a relative humidity of 70-80%, specifically 70%, 75%, 80%, or any value between the two aforementioned values; and a time of 15-20 days, specifically 15 days, 17 days, 20 days, or any value between the two aforementioned values.

[0077] According to the present invention, the management of the spawn growth can be carried out in a manner conventionally selected in the art. Preferably, the spawn growth management process includes: irradiating the mixture obtained from the mycelium culture with light.

[0078] According to the present invention, in order to further improve the quality of the fruiting bodies of *Trametes versicolor*, preferably, the illumination conditions include at least: a wavelength of 790-820 nm, specifically 790 nm, 800 nm, 810 nm, 820 nm, or any value between the aforementioned two; and a power density of 1-1.5 W / cm². 2 1W / cm 2 1.3W / cm 2 1.5W / cm 2Or any value between the two aforementioned values; the temperature is 45-55℃, specifically 45℃, 50℃, 55℃, or any value between the two aforementioned values.

[0079] According to the present invention, preferably, the illumination is intermittent, and the duration of each illumination is 10-15 minutes, specifically 10 minutes, 13 minutes, 15 minutes, or any value between the two aforementioned values; the time interval between adjacent illuminations is 1.5-2.5 hours, specifically 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, or any value between the two aforementioned values.

[0080] In this invention, a hanging bag vertical cultivation mode can be adopted during the management of Ganoderma lucidum growth. Using a steel-framed plastic greenhouse, bags are hung via a vertically suspended cultivation device, making full use of space and significantly improving land utilization compared to ground cultivation. Micro-spray water pipes and atomizing nozzles can be installed inside the greenhouse for easy humidity control; ventilation and temperature can also be adjusted using a film rolling device, creating a favorable environment for Ganoderma lucidum growth.

[0081] In this invention, the cultivation method further includes harvesting the mushrooms after the initial growth management. The harvesting process includes: when the white growth ring at the edge of the cap begins to narrow significantly, the color gradually changes from light to dark, and the edge curling phenomenon basically stops or is just about to begin, the mushroom fruiting body, along with the base of the stipe (about 1-1.5cm), is cleanly and completely cut off entirely using a sharp and clean knife or scissors. After the first flush is harvested, the substrate surface is cleaned, watering is stopped for 7-10 days to allow the mycelium to grow, and then the second round of growth management is carried out.

[0082] In this invention, the strains of *Trametes versicolor* can be obtained through self-screening or breeding, or they can be commercially purchased. For example, strains can be isolated and screened from wild *Trametes versicolor*, or wild *Trametes versicolor* can be systematically bred; strains can also be bred for specific environments.

[0083] According to the present invention, preferably, the strain of *Trametes versicolor* is adopted. Versicolor trametes HW-119, also known as Yunzhi HW-119, is currently deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) with accession number CCTCC NO:M2025762 and deposit date of April 11, 2025.

[0084] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum is provided, the method comprising the following steps:

[0085] (1) Preparation of cultivation composition: Based on the weight of the cultivation composition, the content of sawdust is 40-60%, the content of wheat bran is 20-30%, the content of gypsum is 5-10%, the content of graphene quantum dots is 0.005-0.02%, and the content of composite nanoparticles is 0.01-0.1%; the pH of the cultivation composition is 5.5-6.5;

[0086] (2) Adjust the moisture content of the cultivation composition to 55-65wt%, and sterilize the cultivation composition at a temperature of 80-85℃ for 20-30min; inoculate the Yunzhi into the cultivation composition and carry out mycelial culture under the conditions of avoiding light, a temperature of 25-28℃ and a relative humidity of 70-80%;

[0087] (3) The mixture obtained from the inoculum culture was subjected to a wavelength of 790-820 nm and a power density of 1-1.5 W / cm². 2 The mushrooms were managed by light exposure at a temperature of 45-55℃. The light exposure was intermittent, with each exposure lasting 10-15 minutes and the time interval between adjacent exposures being 1.5-2.5 hours.

[0088] The composite nanoparticles include zinc oxide nanoparticles and mesoporous silica coated on the surface of the zinc oxide nanoparticles; the graphene quantum dots have a lateral size of 3-10 nm and are modified with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on their surface, with a molar ratio of hydroxyl to carboxyl groups of 1:0.3-1; the zinc oxide nanoparticles have a particle size of 20-50 nm and the mesoporous silica has a thickness of 2-5 nm; the mass ratio of graphene quantum dots to composite nanoparticles is 1:0.5-20.

[0089] In the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, the cultivation method described above has a good antibacterial effect, which can protect the growth environment of Ganoderma lucidum, promote its growth and development, improve the quality of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies, and has significant market prospects.

[0090] The present invention will be described in detail below through examples. Yunzhi HW-119 is currently deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), with accession number CCTCC NO: M2025762. Unless otherwise specified, all other raw materials were commercially purchased.

[0091] Preparation Example 1

[0092] (1) Preparation of ZnO NPs by hydrothermal method: 0.1 mol / L zinc nitrate solution was mixed with an equal volume of 2 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution, and 0.5 wt% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was added as a dispersant under magnetic stirring; the mixed solution was transferred to a high-pressure reactor and hydrothermally reacted at 120℃ for 6 hours; after the reaction, the solution was washed three times by centrifugation with deionized water (12000 rpm × 10 min), and vacuum dried at 60℃ to obtain white ZnO NPs powder, which is zinc oxide nanoparticles. The average particle size of the zinc oxide nanoparticles was 30 ± 5 nm as detected by TEM.

[0093] (2) The modified Stöber method was used to coat zinc oxide nanoparticles with mesoporous SiO2: 200 mg of ZnO NPs obtained in step (1) was dispersed in 50 mL of anhydrous ethanol and sonicated for 30 minutes to form a uniform suspension; 2 mL of ammonia, 0.5 g of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and 0.15 mL of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) were added in sequence and stirred at 40 °C for 24 hours; after centrifugation to collect the product, it was washed three times with ethanol and calcined at 550 °C for 2 hours to remove the CTAB template agent, and ZnO NPs@mSiO2 with mesoporous SiO2 coating layer was obtained, which is the composite nanoparticle; the composite nanoparticle was subjected to BET test, which showed that the pore size of mesoporous SiO2 was 3.8 nm and the coating layer thickness was measured by TEM to be 3.2 ± 0.5 nm.

[0094] Preparation Example 2

[0095] Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were prepared using a hydrothermal method.

[0096] (1) Dissolve 2g of citric acid and 0.5g of urea in 50mL of deionized water and sonicate to form a transparent solution;

[0097] (2) Transfer the solution to a 100 mL polytetrafluoroethylene-lined reactor and perform a hydrothermal reaction at 200 °C for 8 hours;

[0098] (3) After natural cooling, large particles are removed by filtration using a 0.22μm microporous membrane;

[0099] (4) The filtrate was placed into a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 1000 Da and dialyzed continuously for 48 hours to remove unreacted small molecules;

[0100] (5) After freeze-drying, a light yellow GQDs powder was obtained; AFM analysis showed that the transverse size of GQDs was 5.2±1.3 nm, and XPS analysis confirmed that the surface contained hydroxyl (-OH, accounting for 28.6%) and carboxyl (-COOH, accounting for 15.3%) functional groups.

[0101] Preparation Example 3

[0102] Graphene quantum dots were prepared according to the method of Preparation Example 1, except that in step (1), the amount of urea was replaced with 2g.

[0103] Example 1

[0104] (1) Preparation of cultivation substrate: Prepare all raw materials and weigh out 50% sawdust, 25% wheat bran, 8% gypsum powder, 0.05% composite nanoparticles obtained in Preparation Example 1, and 0.01% graphene quantum dots (GQDs) obtained in Preparation Example 2 according to the weight percentage. Make up the rest with water and the pH is 6. Put these raw materials into a mixing device and mix them thoroughly to make the components evenly distributed to obtain the cultivation substrate.

[0105] (2) Pasteurization and inoculation: The moisture content of the cultivation substrate was adjusted to 55 wt%. The cultivation substrate was sterilized by pasteurization. The cultivation substrate was placed in the sterilization equipment and treated at 83℃ for 25 min. After the cultivation substrate cooled to 20℃, Yunzhi HW-119 was inoculated. The inoculation amount was 6% of the total weight of the cultivation substrate.

[0106] (3) Mycelium growth culture: Place the inoculated cultivation substrate in the culture room, control the temperature of the culture room at 25℃, maintain the relative humidity of the air at 70%, and keep the environment dark. Cultivate under these conditions for 20 days.

[0107] (4) Management of mycelium growth: After the mycelium growth culture is completed, pulse irradiation with near-infrared light (wavelength 808±10nm) is performed daily. The power density of the light is 1.0W / cm², the duration of each irradiation is 15 minutes, and the interval between each irradiation is 2 hours. During irradiation, the surface temperature of the cultivation substrate is controlled at 50℃.

[0108] (5) Harvesting: When the white growth ring on the edge of the cap begins to narrow significantly, the color gradually changes from light to dark, and the edge curling phenomenon basically stops or just begins to curl back, use a sharp and clean knife or scissors to cut off the entire fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum along with the base of the stipe (about 1-1.5cm) cleanly and completely to obtain the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0109] Example 2

[0110] (1) Preparation of cultivation substrate: Prepare all raw materials and weigh out 40% sawdust, 30% wheat bran, 10% gypsum powder, 0.1% composite nanoparticles obtained in Preparation Example 1, and 0.005% graphene quantum dots (GQDs) obtained in Preparation Example 2 according to the weight percentage. Make up the rest with water and the pH is 5.5. Put these raw materials into a mixing device and mix them thoroughly to make the components evenly distributed to obtain the cultivation substrate.

[0111] (2) Pasteurization and inoculation: Adjust the moisture content of the cultivation substrate to 65 wt%, and sterilize the cultivation substrate by pasteurization. Place the cultivation substrate in the sterilization equipment and continue to treat it at 80 ℃ for 20 min. After the cultivation substrate cools down to 26 ℃, inoculate with Yunzhi HW-119. The inoculation amount is 10% of the total weight of the cultivation substrate.

[0112] (3) Mycelium growth culture: Place the inoculated cultivation substrate in the culture room, control the temperature of the culture room at 28℃, maintain the relative humidity of the air at 80%, and keep the environment dark. Cultivate under these conditions for 20 days.

[0113] (4) Management of mycelium growth: After the mycelium growth culture is completed, pulse irradiation with near-infrared light (wavelength 808±10nm) is performed daily. The power density of the light is 1.5W / cm², the duration of each irradiation is 10 minutes, and the interval between each irradiation is 2 hours. During irradiation, the surface temperature of the cultivation substrate is controlled at 55℃.

[0114] (5) Harvesting: When the white growth ring on the edge of the cap begins to narrow significantly, the color gradually changes from light to dark, and the edge curling phenomenon basically stops or just begins to curl back, use a sharp and clean knife or scissors to cut off the entire fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum along with the base of the stipe (about 1-1.5cm) cleanly and completely to obtain the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0115] Example 3

[0116] (1) Preparation of cultivation substrate: Prepare all raw materials and weigh out 60% sawdust, 20% wheat bran, 5% gypsum powder, 0.01% composite nanoparticles obtained in Preparation Example 1, and 0.02% graphene quantum dots (GQDs) obtained in Preparation Example 2 according to the weight percentage. Make up the rest with water and the pH is 6.5. Put these raw materials into a mixing device and mix them thoroughly to make the components evenly distributed to obtain the cultivation substrate.

[0117] (2) Pasteurization and inoculation: Adjust the moisture content of the cultivation substrate to 60 wt%, and sterilize the cultivation substrate by pasteurization. Place the cultivation substrate in the sterilization equipment and continue to treat it at a temperature of 85 ℃ for 30 min. After the cultivation substrate cools down to 30 ℃, inoculate with Yunzhi HW-119. The inoculation amount is 2% of the total weight of the cultivation substrate.

[0118] (3) Mycelium growth culture: Place the inoculated cultivation substrate in the culture room, control the temperature of the culture room at 25℃, maintain the relative humidity of the air at 75%, and keep the environment dark. Cultivate under these conditions for 20 days.

[0119] (4) Management of mycelium growth: After the mycelium growth culture is completed, pulse irradiation with near-infrared light (wavelength 808±10nm) is performed daily. The power density of the light is 1.0W / cm², the duration of each irradiation is 15 minutes, and the interval between each irradiation is 2 hours. During irradiation, the surface temperature of the cultivation substrate is controlled at 45℃.

[0120] (5) Harvesting: When the white growth ring on the edge of the cap begins to narrow significantly, the color gradually changes from light to dark, and the edge curling phenomenon basically stops or just begins to curl back, use a sharp and clean knife or scissors to cut off the entire fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum along with the base of the stipe (about 1-1.5cm) cleanly and completely to obtain the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0121] Example 4

[0122] The cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum was carried out according to the cultivation method of Example 1, except that in step (1), the weight of the composite nanoparticles was replaced with 0.2%.

[0123] Example 5

[0124] The cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum was carried out according to the cultivation method of Example 3, except that in step (1), the weight of the composite nanoparticles was replaced with 0.001%.

[0125] Example 6

[0126] The cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum was carried out according to the cultivation method of Example 1, except that in step (1), pH was replaced with 8.

[0127] Example 7

[0128] The cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum was carried out according to the cultivation method of Example 1. The difference is that in step (2), the composite nanoparticles were replaced with composite nanoparticles with mesoporous Al2O3 coated on the surface of nano zinc oxide.

[0129] Example 8

[0130] The cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum was carried out according to the cultivation method of Example 1. The difference is that in step (2), the composite nanoparticles were replaced with composite nanoparticles with mesoporous SiO2 coated on the surface of the nano-silver particles (purchased from Guangzhou Weber Technology Co., Ltd.).

[0131] Example 9

[0132] The cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum was carried out according to the cultivation method of Example 1, except that in step (1), the graphene quantum dots were replaced with the graphene quantum dots obtained in Preparation Example 3.

[0133] Example 10

[0134] The cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum was carried out according to the cultivation method of Example 1. The difference was that in step (1), the graphene quantum dots were replaced with graphene quantum dots with a lateral size of 15-20 nm and surface functional groups mainly of amino (-NH2) and without hydroxyl and carboxyl groups (purchased from Xi'an Ruixi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.).

[0135] Example 11

[0136] The cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum was carried out according to the cultivation method of Example 1, except that step (4) was replaced with:

[0137] (4) Management of fruiting bodies: When primordia protrude inside the bag, lay the bags flat on the shelf and spread a layer of sand or sandy loam about 6 cm thick on the shelf. Then remove the film of the bag and place the tube on the sand or sandy loam. One-third of the tube should be buried in the sand and the distance between tubes should be about 10 cm. After the bags are arranged, the temperature should be 25-28℃ and the air humidity should be controlled at 85-90%. Increase the light and ventilation to promote the occurrence of fruiting bodies.

[0138] Comparative Example 1

[0139] The cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum was carried out according to the cultivation method of Example 1, except that no composite nanoparticles were added in step (1).

[0140] Comparative Example 2

[0141] The cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum was carried out according to the cultivation method of Example 1, except that graphene quantum dots were not added in step (1).

[0142] Comparative Example 3

[0143] The cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum was carried out according to the cultivation method of Example 1, except that in step (1), the composite nanoparticles were replaced with nano zinc oxide particles.

[0144] Comparative Example 4

[0145] The cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum was carried out according to the cultivation method of Example 1, except that in step (1), no composite nanoparticles or graphene quantum dots were added.

[0146] Comparative Example 5

[0147] (1) Preparation of cultivation substrate: Prepare the raw materials according to the following weight percentages: cottonseed hulls 40%, sawdust 40%, wheat bran 19%, gypsum 1%, pH 6.0; put these raw materials into a mixing device and mix them thoroughly to ensure that the components are evenly distributed to obtain the cultivation substrate.

[0148] (2) Sterilization and inoculation: Tie the two ends of the bag with rope, put it in a steamer and sterilize at 100°C for 8 hours, then remove the bag and cool it. After the cultivation substrate has cooled to 30°C, inoculate with Yunzhi HW-119. The inoculation amount is 10% of the total weight of the cultivation substrate.

[0149] (3) Mycelium growth culture: Place the inoculated cultivation substrate in the culture room, control the temperature of the culture room at 25℃, maintain the relative humidity of the air at 65%, and keep the environment in the dark. Cultivate under these conditions for 25-30 days.

[0150] (4) Management of fruiting bodies: When the mycelium matures, lay the bags flat on the shelf and spread a layer of sand or sandy loam about 6 cm thick on the shelf. Then remove the film from the bags and place the tubes on the sand or sandy loam. One-third of the tubes should be buried in the sand and the distance between tubes should be about 10 cm. After the bags are arranged, the temperature should be 25-28℃ and the air humidity should be controlled at 85-90%. Increase the light and ventilation to promote the occurrence of fruiting bodies.

[0151] (5) Harvesting Ganoderma: Cut the Ganoderma off from the base of the stem with a sharp knife, or twist the stem off by hand to obtain the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0152] Test Example 1

[0153] The inoculated cultivation substrates obtained in step (2) of Examples 1-11 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were taken respectively, and the antibacterial rate of the above cultivation substrates was tested according to the method in "National Food Safety Standard for Microbiological Examination of Food: Determination of Total Colony Count". After 24 hours of cultivation and observation, the antibacterial rate of the cultivation substrates against Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger is shown in Table 1. The antibacterial long-term effect was also determined. The test method was to take 100g of each of the sterilized cultivation substrates of Examples 1-11 and Comparative Examples 1-3 and place them in a sterile container. 1×10 6 CFU / g E. coli and 1×10 5 Aspergillus niger spores were mixed and cultured at 25°C and 70% humidity. Each day, 1g of sample was added to 9mL of sterile physiological saline and vortexed for 1 minute. The mixture was then spread onto MacConkey and PDA agar plates. After 24 hours, colony forming units (CFU) were counted. Each sample was prepared in triplicate. The control group (Comparative Example 4) was inoculated with the same amount of microorganisms. The time point when the inhibition rate first fell below 70% for two consecutive days was recorded; the day prior to this was considered the effective inhibition period. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0154] Table 1

[0155]

[0156] As can be seen from the results in Table 1, compared with the comparative example, the cultivation method provided by the present invention is used in the embodiment. The cultivation composition used contains sawdust, wheat bran, gypsum, graphene quantum dots and composite nanoparticles. Through the synergistic effect between graphene quantum dots and composite nanoparticles, the antibacterial effect of the cultivation composition is further enhanced, which can further protect the growth environment of Ganoderma lucidum, promote its growth and development, and improve the quality of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies.

[0157] Test Example 2

[0158] During the mycelial growth stage of Examples 1-11 and Comparative Examples 1-5, the growth of *Trametes versicolor* mycelium was observed. The results of the average daily mycelial extension rate and the budding time are shown in Table 2. The average daily mycelial extension rate refers to the average extension length per unit time calculated by periodically observing the growth distance of the mycelium in the cultivation substrate; the budding time refers to the time interval from inoculation to the first formation of visible fruiting body primordia by the mycelium.

[0159] Test Example 3

[0160] The polysaccharide content and zinc residue in the fruiting bodies of *Tricholoma matsutake* obtained in Examples 1-11 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were determined, and the results are shown in Table 2; the bioconversion rate of the second *Flammulina velutipes* was also determined, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0161] The polysaccharide content in the fruiting bodies of *Ganoderma lucidum* was tested using the phenol-sulfuric acid method, and the zinc residue was tested using the method in GB5009.268-2016 National Food Safety Standard, Determination of Multiple Elements in Food. The test process for the bioconversion rate of the second flush of *Ganoderma lucidum* included: after harvesting the first flush and cleaning the mushroom roots, watering the mushroom bags and controlling the environment to induce a second flush of fruiting. After maturity, the mushrooms were harvested and weighed separately. The bioconversion rate of the second flush was calculated as follows: (Total weight of the second flush of fresh mushrooms ÷ Dry weight of the substrate) × 100%.

[0162] Table 2

[0163]

[0164] As can be seen from the results in Table 2, compared with the comparative example, the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum using the cultivation method provided by the present invention resulted in faster daily mycelial extension, shorter budding time, higher polysaccharide content, zinc residue reaching the nutritional fortification standard, and improved bioconversion rate of the second flush of mushrooms. This further demonstrates that the cultivation method provided by the present invention can ensure the growth environment of Ganoderma lucidum, promote its growth and development, and improve the quality of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies.

[0165] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above; however, the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the inventive concept, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable manner. These simple modifications and combinations should also be considered as the content disclosed in the present invention and are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation composition for Ganoderma lucidum, characterized in that, The cultivation composition contains sawdust, wheat bran, gypsum, graphene quantum dots, and composite nanoparticles; the composite nanoparticles include nano-metal particles and mesoporous inorganic oxides coated on the surface of the nano-metal particles; The nano-metal particles are nano-zinc oxide particles and / or nano-silver particles; the mesoporous inorganic oxide is mesoporous silica and / or mesoporous alumina; the lateral size of the graphene quantum dots is 3-10 nm; the surface of the graphene quantum dots is modified with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, and the molar ratio of hydroxyl to carboxyl groups on the surface of the graphene quantum dots is 1:0.3-1.

2. The cultivation composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nano-metal particles are nano-zinc oxide particles; The mesoporous inorganic oxide is mesoporous silicon dioxide; The nano-metal particles have a particle size of 20-50 nm, and the mesoporous inorganic oxide has a thickness of 2-5 nm.

3. The cultivation composition according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the graphene quantum dots to the composite nanoparticles is 1:0.5-20.

4. The cultivation composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Based on the weight of the cultivation composition, the content of sawdust is 40-60%, the content of wheat bran is 20-30%, the content of gypsum is 5-10%, the content of graphene quantum dots is 0.005-0.02%, and the content of composite nanoparticles is 0.01-0.1%. The pH of the cultivation composition is 5.5-6.

5.

5. A method for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: inoculating the *Typha orientalis* into a cultivation composition for mycelial growth culture and *Typha orientalis* harvest management; The cultivation composition contains sawdust, wheat bran, gypsum, graphene quantum dots, and composite nanoparticles; the composite nanoparticles include nano-metal particles and mesoporous inorganic oxides coated on the surface of the nano-metal particles; The nano-metal particles are nano-zinc oxide particles and / or nano-silver particles; the mesoporous inorganic oxide is mesoporous silica and / or mesoporous alumina; the lateral size of the graphene quantum dots is 3-10 nm; the surface of the graphene quantum dots is modified with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, and the molar ratio of hydroxyl to carboxyl groups on the surface of the graphene quantum dots is 1:0.3-1.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The nano-metal particles are nano-zinc oxide particles; The mesoporous inorganic oxide is mesoporous silicon dioxide; The nano-metal particles have a particle size of 20-50 nm, and the mesoporous inorganic oxide has a thickness of 2-5 nm. The mass ratio of the graphene quantum dots to the composite nanoparticles is 1:0.5-20; Based on the weight of the cultivation composition, the content of sawdust is 40-60%, the content of wheat bran is 20-30%, the content of gypsum is 5-10%, the content of graphene quantum dots is 0.005-0.02%, and the content of composite nanoparticles is 0.01-0.1%. The pH of the cultivation composition is 5.5-6.

5.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, Before inoculation, the moisture content of the cultivation composition is adjusted to 55-65 wt%, and the cultivation composition is sterilized. The sterilization conditions include at least the following: a temperature of 80-85°C and a time of 20-30 minutes.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The conditions for mycelial culture include at least the following: protection from light, temperature of 25-28℃, relative humidity of 70-80%, and time of 15-20 days.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The process of managing the emergence of fungi includes: irradiating the mixture obtained from the mycelium culture with light; The illumination conditions include at least the following: wavelength of 790-820nm and power density of 1-1.5W / cm². 2 The temperature is 45-55℃; The light is applied intermittently, with each irradiation lasting 10-15 minutes and the time interval between adjacent irradiations being 1.5-2.5 hours.

10. The cultivation method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The strain of *Ganoderma lucidum* used is *Ganoderma lucidum* (Yunzhi). Trametes versicolor HW-119, accession number CCTCC NO:M2025762.

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