Irrigation method for ecological restoration of high and steep slope in alpine region

Abstract

The application provides an irrigation method for ecological restoration of high and steep slopes in alpine regions, comprising: acquiring water temperature, water flow rate, environmental temperature and at least one environmental factor parameter in real time; calculating target heating power required for maintaining target water temperature through a heat balance model and a feedforward compensation model; converting the target heating power into a pulse width modulation signal, and delivering the pulse width modulation signal to a heating device, which switches between hierarchical controls according to water temperature intervals. The irrigation method for ecological restoration of high and steep slopes in alpine regions provided by the application can effectively solve the problems of pipe freezing and clogging in high and steep slopes in alpine regions during irrigation by combining a heat balance model with a feedforward compensation algorithm, dynamically calculating the heating power required for maintaining target water temperature, and accurately adjusting the heating device through a hierarchical control mode, while reducing the loss of electric energy and improving the utilization rate of water resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of irrigation control technology, and in particular to an irrigation method for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions. Background Technology

[0002] High-altitude and cold regions are widely distributed in western my country (especially Tibet), characterized by harsh climates, fragile ecosystems, infertile soils, and sparse vegetation. Affected by global climate change, the stability of ecosystems in these areas continues to decline, making ecological restoration increasingly urgent. Steep slopes, as a key target for restoration, pose significant challenges to ecological governance due to their steep gradients, strong soil erosion, extreme water scarcity, and frequent freeze-thaw cycles.

[0003] Currently, traditional restoration methods rely heavily on manual planting and irrigation. However, in high-altitude and cold environments, manual labor is costly, technically adaptable, and inefficient. Conventional irrigation systems struggle to meet the unique challenges of high-altitude regions: in low temperatures, water in pipes is prone to freezing, causing blockages and even structural damage; mud and sand particles carried during snowmelt easily accumulate in the pipes, further increasing the risk of system failure; steep slopes have complex terrain and poor soil stability, making traditional pipe layouts susceptible to displacement due to landslides or frost heave, leading to irrigation failure.

[0004] While existing smart irrigation systems have achieved some success in low- and mid-altitude, gently sloping areas, they often fail to fully consider the unique impacts of slope microclimate changes and snowmelt processes on the operation of irrigation systems in high-altitude, cold, and steep regions. This is especially true in Tibet, where strong solar radiation, large diurnal temperature variations, and complex surface water and heat dynamics make pipeline systems susceptible to failure due to extreme environmental conditions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new smart irrigation technologies that are highly adaptable to the environment, have a high degree of intelligent operation, and possess stable and reliable structures to overcome the technical bottlenecks in ecological restoration in high-altitude, cold, and steep regions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an irrigation method for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions, which solves the technical problem that existing irrigation systems are not suitable for steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions and are prone to freezing and blockage.

[0006] This invention provides an irrigation method for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions, comprising:

[0007] Real-time acquisition of water temperature, water flow rate, ambient temperature, and at least one environmental factor parameter in the pipeline, including sediment content in the pipeline and / or external wind speed and / or snow thickness;

[0008] Based on the water temperature, water flow rate, ambient temperature, and at least one environmental factor parameter, the target heating power required to maintain the target water temperature is calculated using a heat balance model and a feedforward compensation model.

[0009] The target heating power is corrected using at least the sediment content, and the pipe wall thermal conductivity is corrected using the external wind speed and / or snow thickness.

[0010] The target heating power is converted into a pulse width modulation signal, which is then transmitted to the heating device. The heating device switches between graded control modes according to the water temperature range.

[0011] when T When the value is greater than or equal to the first threshold, output a signal to turn off heating;

[0012] When the second threshold ≤ T When the threshold value is less than the first threshold, an intermittent pulse signal is output.

[0013] when T When the value is less than the second threshold, a continuous power signal is output.

[0014] in, T This refers to the real-time water temperature inside the pipe.

[0015] According to the present invention, an irrigation method for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions is provided, wherein the calculation of the target heating power required to maintain the target water temperature through a heat balance model and a feedforward compensation model includes:

[0016] The heat balance model is as follows:

[0017]

[0018] in, h The thermal conductivity of the pipe wall is _____. A The surface area of ​​the pipe. This is the wind speed correction factor. W To monitor external wind speed in real time, The ambient temperature;

[0019] Formula for calculating target heating power:

[0020]

[0021] in, For safety margin, For dynamic PID output, For feedforward compensation term, It is a local sediment compensation item.

[0022] According to the present invention, an irrigation method for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions constrains the critical flow velocity of water, when the actual sediment content... S Greater than the safety threshold for sediment or actual pressure difference If the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the safety threshold, increase the water pump power to raise the water flow rate to the target value.

[0023]

[0024] For the density of water, The specific heat capacity of water, T This refers to the real-time water temperature inside the pipe. The ambient temperature;

[0025] Local pulse heating is initiated in the sediment deposition area, and the local sediment compensation term is:

[0026]

[0027] in, This is the proportionality coefficient. S The sediment content, S 0 represents the safety threshold for sediment.

[0028] According to the irrigation method for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions provided by the present invention, the wind speed corrects for the thermal conductivity of the pipe wall:

[0029]

[0030] The thermal coefficient of the base pipe wall under windless conditions. This is the wind speed correction factor;

[0031] The feedforward compensation term includes a wind speed compensation term:

[0032]

[0033] in, For wind speed compensation, This is the wind speed compensation coefficient. W To monitor external wind speed in real time, T This refers to the real-time water temperature inside the pipe. The ambient temperature.

[0034] According to the present invention, an irrigation method for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions is provided.

[0035] The wind speed correction coefficient Due to the influence of snow depth, the corrected formula is as follows:

[0036]

[0037] This is the base wind speed correction factor under conditions of no snow accumulation. k This represents the attenuation coefficient of the effect of snow accumulation on wind speed. DFor real-time monitoring of snow depth;

[0038] The revised heat balance model is as follows:

[0039] .

[0040] According to the irrigation method for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions provided by the present invention, the feedforward compensation term further includes a snow accumulation compensation term:

[0041]

[0042] For snow accumulation compensation items, This is the heat dissipation coefficient of snow accumulation.

[0043] According to the present invention, an irrigation method for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions is provided, which uses a neural network to predict the predicted ambient temperature, wind speed and snow thickness at future time points.

[0044] Based on the predicted ambient temperature, wind speed, and snow thickness, a modified heat balance model is used to obtain the predicted heating power. Preheating is then initiated in high-risk areas, with the preheating power exceeding the predicted heating power.

[0045] According to the present invention, an irrigation method for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions is provided, wherein the environmental factor parameters further include the overhead height of the pipeline, and the overhead height is used to correct the thermal conductivity of the pipe wall and the snow accumulation compensation term.

[0046] This invention also provides an intelligent irrigation system for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions, characterized in that it comprises:

[0047] The sensor module is used to collect parameters such as water temperature, water flow rate, ambient temperature, and environmental factors inside the pipeline.

[0048] The control module collects data from the slope bottom sensor module and executes thermal balance calculations, dynamic PID control, and hierarchical control logic, outputting control signals to adjust heating power and water pump frequency.

[0049] The execution module responds to control signals to perform heating, water flow rate regulation, and backwashing.

[0050] An irrigation system for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions, provided by the present invention, further includes:

[0051] The energy module is used to provide electricity to the irrigation system;

[0052] The wireless transmission module uploads sensor data to the cloud control center in real time.

[0053] The user terminal displays pipeline status, energy consumption statistics, and alarm information, and supports remote manual intervention.

[0054] The irrigation method for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions provided by this invention dynamically calculates the heating power required to maintain the target water temperature by combining a heat balance model and a feedforward compensation algorithm, and precisely adjusts the heating device through a graded control mode. During the irrigation process, it can effectively solve the problems of pipe freezing and siltation on steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions, while also reducing power consumption and improving water resource utilization. Attached Figure Description

[0055] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0056] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the irrigation method for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0058] The following is combined with Figure 1 The present invention describes an irrigation method for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions, comprising:

[0059] Real-time acquisition of water temperature, water flow rate, ambient temperature, and at least one environmental factor parameter within the pipeline;

[0060] Based on the water temperature, water flow rate, ambient temperature, and at least one environmental factor parameter, the target heating power required to maintain the target water temperature is calculated using a heat balance model and a feedforward compensation model.

[0061] The target heating power is converted into a pulse width modulation signal, which is then transmitted to the heating device. The heating device switches between graded control modes according to the water temperature range.

[0062] when T When the value is greater than or equal to the first threshold, output a signal to turn off heating;

[0063] When the second threshold ≤T When the threshold value is less than the first threshold, an intermittent pulse signal is output.

[0064] when T When the value is less than the second threshold, a continuous power signal is output.

[0065] in, T This refers to the real-time water temperature inside the pipe.

[0066] Temperature sensors are installed at the top, middle, and bottom of the pipeline slope, as well as on the sunny and shady sides, with a node every 20-30 meters, to collect real-time water temperature data inside the pipeline. Ultrasonic flow meters are installed at the water distribution nodes and low points of the pipeline to monitor water flow velocity, ensuring a flow velocity ≥0.5 m / s to reduce the risk of still water freezing. Ambient temperature and wind speed data can be monitored through a meteorological station on the windward side of the slope. Water quality sensors are installed in the pipeline to detect the sediment content. Laser rangefinders are installed on the slope to monitor snow thickness.

[0067] The controller converts the target heating power into a pulse width modulation signal with a duty cycle of 0% to 100%, which drives the electric heating film heating device to heat the pipeline.

[0068] When applying this intelligent irrigation system in the high-altitude and cold regions of Tibet, threshold optimization needs to be performed based on local extreme climate characteristics and monthly temperature data. Taking Lhasa as an example, with an average annual temperature of 7.5℃, an average January temperature of -2.3℃, and an extreme low of -16.5℃, the first threshold is set to 1.5℃, and the second threshold is set to 0℃. T Turn off heating when the temperature is ≥1.5℃, and when the temperature is 0℃≤ T When the temperature is below 1.5℃, intermittent heating should be used, such as 50% duty cycle, with a 15-second on / off cycle. T Full-power heating at temperatures below 0℃. Combined with Tibet's solar irradiance reaching 2000... kWh / m The system's advantages include prioritizing direct photovoltaic heating during the day and switching to battery power at night. For high-altitude and frigid regions like Nagqu, where the average January temperature is -13℃, its anti-freezing mechanism is further strengthened: when the ambient temperature is ≤-10℃, it maintains 10% of the base heating power even when the water temperature is ≥1.5℃ to cope with sudden and severe temperature drops. Practical data shows that this system reduced the pipe freezing rate from 31% to 1.8% at an altitude of 4500 meters.

[0069] By real-time monitoring of environmental parameters such as water temperature, water flow rate, ambient temperature, wind speed, and sediment content in the pipeline, combined with a heat balance model and feedforward compensation algorithm, the heating power required to maintain the target water temperature is dynamically calculated. The heating device is then precisely adjusted through a graded control mode. This effectively solves the problems of pipeline freezing and siltation on steep slopes in cold regions during irrigation, while also reducing energy consumption and improving water resource utilization.

[0070] Specifically, environmental factors include the sediment content inside the pipeline and the external wind speed;

[0071] The target heating power required to maintain the target water temperature is calculated using a thermal balance model and a feedforward compensation model, including:

[0072] The heat balance model is as follows:

[0073]

[0074] in, h The thermal conductivity of the pipe wall is _____. A The surface area of ​​the pipe. This is the wind speed correction factor. W To monitor external wind speed in real time, Ambient temperature;

[0075] Ambient temperature was monitored on site. Wind speed W =5m / s; Water quality sensor detects sediment content S =180mg / L, pipe surface area A =15m 2 , h =1.2, monitoring real-time water temperature T =0.3℃, set wind speed correction coefficient =0.8;

[0076] Substituting into the thermal balance model, the calculation yielded... 215.6W / m.

[0077] because T =0.3℃<0.5℃, enter continuous power mode, output PWM signal with 100% duty cycle to control the heating film heating.

[0078] Formula for calculating target heating power:

[0079]

[0080] in, For safety margin, For dynamic PID output, For feedforward compensation term, It is a local sediment compensation item.

[0081] Set safety margin The dynamic PID output is set at 5%~10% to cope with sudden environmental changes.

[0082]

[0083] , , These are PID parameters.

[0084] Among these measures, the critical flow velocity of water is constrained, and the actual sediment content is... S Greater than the safety threshold for sediment or actual pressure difference If the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the safety threshold, increase the water pump power to raise the water flow rate to the target value.

[0085]

[0086] For the density of water, The specific heat capacity of water, T This refers to the real-time water temperature inside the pipe. Ambient temperature;

[0087] Local pulse heating is initiated in the sediment deposition area, and the local sediment compensation term is:

[0088]

[0089] in, This is the proportionality coefficient. S The sediment content, S 0 represents the safety threshold for sediment.

[0090] In an ecological restoration project on a steep slope in Tibet, the irrigation system faced the dual challenges of high sediment content and low-temperature freezing, necessitating the setting of a safe sediment threshold. =200mg / L, pipe surface area A =12m 2 Ambient temperature Real-time water temperature T =0.4℃; water quality sensor detected sediment content. S =250mg / L, differential pressure sensor displays differential pressure. =25kPa is greater than the differential pressure safety threshold of 20kPa;

[0091] Calculate heat dissipation based on the thermal balance model. Substituting into the critical velocity formula: By increasing the pump frequency from 40Hz to 50Hz, the measured flow velocity decreased from 0.5... m / s Increased to 0.7 m / s It meets the requirements for antifreeze.

[0092] According to the local compensation formula, 3 By deploying micro resistance wires in the sedimentation section and starting the intermittent heating mode, heating for 15 seconds and stopping for 30 seconds, the local water temperature is raised to 0.6℃, which effectively inhibits further sediment deposition. The pressure difference at the bottom of the slope is reduced to 15kPa, the amount of sediment deposition is reduced by 60%, the local energy consumption is 40% of that of continuous heating, and the total energy consumption of the system is reduced by 25%.

[0093] The feedforward compensation term includes the combined effect of wind speed and snow thickness. The feedforward terms for wind speed and snow thickness are described in detail below.

[0094] Since wind blowing towards the slope carries away heat, it affects the thermal conductivity of the pipe wall. The correction for wind speed on the thermal conductivity of the pipe wall is as follows:

[0095]

[0096] The thermal coefficient of the base pipe wall under windless conditions. This is the wind speed correction factor;

[0097] The feedforward compensation term includes a wind speed compensation term:

[0098]

[0099] in, For wind speed compensation, This is the wind speed compensation coefficient. W To monitor external wind speed in real time, T This refers to the real-time water temperature inside the pipe. The ambient temperature.

[0100] In an ecological restoration project of a steep slope in a high-altitude, cold region of Xinjiang, the wind speed compensation coefficient... Set to 0.8, and collect external wind speed in real time. W =8m / s, water temperature inside the pipe T =0.3℃, ambient temperature Dynamic PID output By correcting for the pipe wall thermal conductivity and calculating the wind speed compensation term:

[0101] The total heat dissipation is obtained by integrating the thermal balance model.

[0102] Target heating power =173.6 The heating device heats the water according to the target heating power, keeping the water temperature in the pipeline stable between 0.2℃ and 0.3℃, with no freezing events.

[0103] Furthermore, environmental parameters also include snow depth.

[0104] The wind speed correction coefficient Due to the influence of snow depth, the corrected formula is as follows:

[0105]

[0106] This is the base wind speed correction factor under conditions of no snow accumulation. k This represents the attenuation coefficient of the effect of snow accumulation on wind speed. D For real-time monitoring of snow depth;

[0107] The revised heat balance model is as follows:

[0108] .

[0109] In snowy environments, the attenuation coefficient of the effect of snow on wind speed. k =0.05cm -1 Pipe surface area A =15m 2 Ambient temperature T a =-15℃, water temperature inside the pipe T =0.2℃, real-time monitoring of external wind speed W =7m / s, snow depth D =20cm,

[0110] Because the wind cannot penetrate the snow and carry away the pipe temperature, the wind speed correction factor... The snow level drops to zero, completely blocking the wind's influence on the pipe's heat dissipation.

[0111] Substitute the above parameters into the heat balance model for calculation.

[0112] Target heating power =334.4

[0113] because T When the temperature is between 0.2℃ and 0.5℃, the system enters continuous heating mode, with the heating device outputting 334.4W / m of power, while simultaneously increasing the water flow rate. V =0.7m / s, preventing still water from freezing; by introducing a dynamic attenuation mechanism for the wind speed correction coefficient based on snow thickness, the system achieves precise adaptation of the heat dissipation model in cold and snowy environments, significantly improving anti-freezing and energy efficiency under extreme weather conditions.

[0114] Furthermore, the feedforward compensation term also includes a snow accumulation compensation term:

[0115]

[0116] For snow accumulation compensation items, This is the heat dissipation coefficient of snow accumulation.

[0117] Similarly, in a snow-covered environment, the laser rangefinder monitored the snow thickness outside the pipe. D =25cm, temperature sensor collects water temperature inside pipe T =0.5℃, ambient temperature T a =-18℃, snow heat dissipation coefficient The value is 0.12, and the snow accumulation compensation power is calculated. 55.5W / m. Since the snow thickness blocks the wind from dissipating heat from the pipeline, the feedforward compensation term only includes the snow compensation term.

[0118] Furthermore, in another snow-covered environment, the surface area of ​​the pipe... A =12m 2 Ambient temperature T a =-22℃, water temperature inside the pipe T =0.6℃, real-time monitoring of external wind speed W =9m / s, snow thickness D =15cm, the attenuation coefficient of the effect of snow accumulation on wind speed k =0.03cm -1 Wind speed compensation coefficient =0.9.

[0119] Wind speed correction factor Snow accumulation reduces the efficiency of wind cooling.

[0120] Total heat dissipation

[0121] Wind speed compensation item

[0122] Snow Compensation

[0123] Total feedforward compensation

[0124] Dynamic PID output

[0125] Target heating power =540.3

[0126] because T When the temperature is between 0.6℃ and 0.5℃, the system enters intermittent pulse mode, with an actual power of 540.3 × 0.33 = 178.3 W / m, simultaneously increasing the water flow rate. V=0.65m / s, to prevent low-speed water flow from freezing. Through the synergistic effect of wind speed and snow accumulation compensation, the system achieves dynamic quantification and precise offsetting of heat loss in complex and harsh environments.

[0127] According to the present invention, an irrigation method for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions is provided, which uses a neural network to predict the predicted ambient temperature, wind speed and snow thickness at future time points.

[0128] Based on the predicted ambient temperature, wind speed, and snow thickness, a modified heat balance model is used to obtain the predicted heating power. Preheating is then initiated in high-risk areas, with the preheating power exceeding the predicted heating power.

[0129] Input historical data for the past 72 hours, including pipe temperature gradient and ambient temperature. T a Wind speed W Snow depth D The weather forecast obtains the probability of snowfall and wind speed changes for the next 6 hours, and predicts the ambient temperature for the next 3 hours based on the LSTM model. Predicting wind speed Predicting snow depth Correcting the thermal equilibrium model:

[0130]

[0131] Set preheating trigger conditions; preheating conditions are met. and D For pipes ≥30cm in diameter, preheating should be started 30 minutes in advance. It is best to start preheating in high-risk areas, such as U-shaped bends at the bottom of slopes or pipe sections on the shaded side.

[0132] In a steep slope environment, an LSTM model is used to predict the next 3 hours. , ,

[0133] Calculated using a modified thermal balance model

[0134] Preheating power setting

[0135] The U-shaped bend at the bottom of the slope uses full-power heating, that is... This will continue until the end of the predicted period;

[0136] The shaded side uses pulse heating with a duty cycle of 1:1 and an average power of 521.7W / m.

[0137] The forecast data is updated every 10 minutes. Once the temperature rises above -15℃, reduce the preheating power proportionally.

[0138]

[0139] This refers to the temperature increase.

[0140] If prediction If the deviation from the actual value is greater than 30%, a manual intervention alarm will be triggered.

[0141] Through neural network prediction and dynamic preheating strategies, proactive antifreeze control is achieved in high-altitude and steep slope environments. The system can offset heat loss in advance under extreme weather conditions, maintain stable pipeline water temperature, and significantly reduce energy consumption.

[0142] Furthermore, considering the protection against soil erosion on slopes, engineering measures need to be added to the slopes, such as reinforced mattresses, ecological bags, and frame beams. At this time, the pipelines will be suspended above them, which will affect the heat dissipation of the pipelines. Therefore, the thermal conductivity of the pipe wall and the snow accumulation compensation item need to be corrected.

[0143] Corrected tube wall thermal conductivity:

[0144]

[0145] Correct the snow cover compensation item:

[0146]

[0147] in H The coefficient 0.02 in the pipe wall thermal conductivity coefficient represents that for every 1cm increase in overhead height, the wind speed heat dissipation efficiency increases by 2%. In the snow accumulation compensation item, for every 10cm increase in overhead height, the insulation effect of snow on the pipe is reduced by 15%.

[0148] Generally, frame beam segments H ≥30cm, eco-bag section 15cm≤ H <30cm, reinforced Mac mat section H <15cm;

[0149] In a project in Tibet, the average winter temperature... Extreme low temperature ,

[0150] The reinforced MacPherson strut section is 8cm high, with the pipe close to the ground, making it susceptible to snow accumulation and prone to freezing in still water areas. Therefore, a first threshold is set. T 1 = 0.5℃, second threshold T 2 = −0.5℃,

[0151] when T ≥0.5℃: Turn off heating;

[0152] -0.5℃≤T <0.5℃: 40% duty cycle, heating device on for 12 seconds / off for 18 seconds;

[0153] T <−0.5℃: Full power heating + electric heating cable assistance.

[0154] The ecological bag section is 20cm high. The moderate elevation results in poor air circulation, which easily leads to the formation of low-temperature eddies and causes the pipes to freeze. The intermittent heating duty cycle is increased to 50%, and the heating device is turned on for 20 seconds and off for 20 seconds to control the water temperature fluctuation within ±0.3℃.

[0155] The frame beam section is 40cm above ground, and this high exposure leads to a sudden and intense drop in temperature due to strong winds. Ice forms quickly at bends. Spiral electric heating cables are deployed in high-risk sections, with a 10cm winding spacing, connected in parallel with the main heating system. Ambient temperature... T a When the temperature is ≤−20℃, the LSTM model predicts a temperature drop in the next 3 hours, and preheats the elbow section with 80% power 30 minutes in advance.

[0156] This invention also provides an intelligent irrigation system for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions, characterized in that it comprises:

[0157] The sensor module is used to collect parameters such as water temperature, water flow rate, ambient temperature, and environmental factors in the pipeline. The sensor module includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, a water quality sensor, and a laser rangefinder.

[0158] Temperature sensors are installed every 20 meters at the top, middle, and bottom of the pipe slope, as well as on the sunny and shady sides. At U-bends and water distribution valves, the density is increased to one every 10 meters. Temperature sensors are embedded with threaded interfaces, and the sensor probes are in direct contact with the water flow.

[0159] Flow sensors are installed at the main pipe inlet, water distribution nodes, and drainage outlets at the bottom of the slope. It is best to use an ultrasonic flow meter connected to the pipe via a flange to ensure that the measuring surface is perpendicular to the water flow direction and to avoid turbulence interference.

[0160] Temperature and wind speed sensors used to collect ambient temperature data are installed on the windward side of the pipe, 0.5 meters above the pipe surface. A set is deployed every 50 meters. The temperature and wind speed sensors are fixed to the anchor rods with brackets, and the sensors face the wind direction. The data cables are buried underground through waterproof sleeves.

[0161] Water quality sensors and laser rangefinders are installed in the low-point deposition areas of the pipeline, such as the bottom of U-bends and areas on slopes prone to snow accumulation. The water quality sensors are embedded at the bottom of the pipeline and inserted into the water flow through the flange interface; the laser rangefinders are installed 1 meter above the pipeline to monitor the snow thickness vertically downwards.

[0162] To avoid detection errors, dual temperature sensors are installed at critical stages such as the bottom of the slope and the shaded side. When the data difference is ≥1%, the backup data is activated.

[0163] The control module adopts an embedded controller, which integrates an LSTM prediction model and a dynamic PID algorithm. The data collected by the slope bottom sensor module is used to perform heat balance calculation, dynamic PID control and hierarchical control logic, and output control signals to adjust the heating power and water pump frequency. The controller's communication interface supports RS485, LoRa and 4G multi-mode transmission, and receives sensor data in real time and sends control commands.

[0164] The execution module includes an electric heating film heating device, a variable frequency water pump, and a high-pressure pulse flushing valve. Alternatively, an electric heating cable can be spirally wound around the outer wall of the pipe. It responds to control signals to perform heating, water flow rate regulation, and backflushing.

[0165] The variable frequency water pump is installed in an underground equipment compartment and connected to the main pipeline via a flange. It dynamically adjusts its frequency based on feedback from a flow sensor to maintain... V ≥0.5m / s, switch to standby pump in case of abnormality; the high-pressure pulse flushing valve is installed at the lowest point of the pipeline and downstream of the water distribution node. When the flow rate drops by ≥25% or the pressure difference is ≥20kPa, start 0.5MPa reverse flushing, last for 30 seconds / time, and cycle 3 times.

[0166] Furthermore, the irrigation system also includes:

[0167] The energy module is used to provide electricity to the irrigation system. The energy module includes solar panels and battery packs. The solar panels are installed in the open area at the top of the slope and on the sunny side of the slope. They are installed using brackets with a 2-meter gap between the brackets and the ground. The battery packs are installed in the underground equipment compartment. The equipment compartment is also equipped with a power distribution room for connecting to the external power grid as a backup. During the day, solar power is used first, and excess electricity is stored in the battery packs.

[0168] The wireless transmission module uploads sensor data to the cloud control center in real time.

[0169] The user terminal displays pipeline status, energy consumption statistics, and alarm information, and supports remote manual intervention.

[0170] This intelligent irrigation system, through the comprehensive deployment of multi-dimensional sensor modules and combined with LSTM predictive models and dynamic PID control algorithms, achieves precise thermal balance control and anti-freezing and de-icing functions for irrigation pipelines on high-altitude and cold slopes. It also reduces energy consumption through a hybrid power supply of solar energy, battery packs, and the power grid, as well as intelligent adjustment of variable frequency water pumps. With the support of 4G / LoRa dual-mode transmission and cloud-based remote manual control, the system improves the operational reliability of the irrigation system in the ecological restoration area of ​​the slope, extends the service life of the equipment, and enables the irrigation system on steep slopes to operate stably, normally, and with low energy consumption under harsh conditions such as low temperature, strong winds, and snow accumulation.

[0171] An electronic device may include a processor, a communications interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, communications interface, and memory communicate with each other via the communication bus. The processor can invoke logical instructions stored in the memory to execute irrigation methods for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions.

[0172] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory can be implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, and can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0173] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer is able to execute the irrigation methods for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions provided by the above methods.

[0174] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, is implemented to perform the irrigation methods for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions provided by the methods described above.

[0175] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0176] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0177] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An irrigation method for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions, characterized in that, include: Real-time acquisition of water temperature, water flow rate, ambient temperature, and at least one environmental factor parameter in the pipeline, including sediment content in the pipeline and / or external wind speed and / or snow thickness; Based on the water temperature, water flow rate, ambient temperature, and at least one environmental factor parameter, the target heating power required to maintain the target water temperature is calculated using a heat balance model and a feedforward compensation model. The target heating power is corrected using at least the sediment content, and the pipe wall thermal conductivity is corrected using the external wind speed and / or snow thickness. The target heating power is converted into a pulse width modulation signal, which is then transmitted to the heating device. The heating device switches between graded control modes according to the water temperature range. when T When the value is greater than or equal to the first threshold, output a signal to turn off the heating. When the second threshold ≤ T When the threshold value is less than the first threshold, an intermittent pulse signal is output. when T When the value is less than the second threshold, a continuous power signal is output. in, T This refers to the real-time water temperature inside the pipe. The calculation of the target heating power required to maintain the target water temperature using a thermal balance model and a feedforward compensation model includes: The heat balance model is as follows: in, h The thermal conductivity of the pipe wall is _____. A The surface area of ​​the pipe. This is the wind speed correction factor. W To monitor external wind speed in real time, The ambient temperature; Formula for calculating target heating power: in, For safety margin, For dynamic PID output, For feedforward compensation term, It is a local sediment compensation item; Local pulse heating is initiated in the sediment deposition area, and the local sediment compensation term is: in, This is the proportionality coefficient. S The sediment content, S 0 The safety threshold for sediment; The feedforward compensation term includes a wind speed compensation term: in, For wind speed compensation, W is the wind speed compensation coefficient, where W is the real-time monitored external wind speed. T This refers to the real-time water temperature inside the pipe. The ambient temperature.

2. The irrigation method for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Constraining the critical flow velocity of water, when the actual sediment content... S Greater than the safety threshold for sediment or actual pressure difference If the pressure difference is greater than or equal to the safety threshold, increase the water pump power to raise the water flow rate to the target value. For the density of water, The specific heat capacity of water, T This refers to the real-time water temperature inside the pipe. For ambient temperature 3. The irrigation method for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Correction for pipe wall thermal conductivity based on wind speed: The thermal coefficient of the base pipe wall under windless conditions. Wind speed correction factor 4. The irrigation method for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental factor parameters also include snow thickness. The wind speed correction coefficient Due to the influence of snow depth, the corrected formula is as follows: This is the base wind speed correction factor under conditions of no snow accumulation. k This represents the attenuation coefficient of the effect of snow accumulation on wind speed. D For real-time monitoring of snow depth; The revised heat balance model is as follows: 。 5. The irrigation method for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 4, characterized in that, The feedforward compensation term also includes a snow accumulation compensation term: For snow accumulation compensation items, This is the heat dissipation coefficient of snow accumulation.

6. The irrigation method for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 4, characterized in that, Predict environmental temperature, wind speed, and snow depth at future time points using neural networks. Based on the predicted ambient temperature, wind speed, and snow thickness, a modified heat balance model is used to obtain the predicted heating power. Preheating is then initiated in high-risk areas, with the preheating power exceeding the predicted heating power.

7. The irrigation method for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 5, characterized in that, The environmental factor parameters also include the overhead height of the pipeline, which is used to correct the thermal conductivity of the pipe wall and the snow accumulation compensation term.

8. An intelligent irrigation system for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions, characterized in that, Based on the irrigation method according to any one of claims 1-7, the irrigation system comprises: The sensor module is used to collect parameters such as water temperature, water flow rate, ambient temperature, and environmental factors inside the pipeline. The control module collects data from the slope bottom sensor module and executes thermal balance calculations, dynamic PID control, and hierarchical control logic, outputting control signals to adjust heating power and water pump frequency. The execution module responds to control signals to perform heating, water flow rate regulation, and backwashing.

9. The intelligent irrigation system for ecological restoration of steep slopes in high-altitude and cold regions according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: The energy module is used to provide electricity to the irrigation system; The wireless transmission module uploads sensor data to the cloud control center in real time. The user terminal displays pipeline status, energy consumption statistics, and alarm information, and supports remote manual intervention.

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