Anti-stress feed for cattle in transitional period

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-stress feed for cattle in a transitional period, the formula comprises guniting corn bran, fermented vinasse powder, jujube powder, powder for clearing lung and relieving cough, dihydropyridine, calcium hydrophosphate, organic selenium and other components, the components are compounded according to a specific proportion, and the content, characteristics and the like of the components are strictly limited. The preparation method comprises the steps of material preparation, pretreatment, mixing, granulation, cooling, screening and the like, and process parameters such as the rotating speed and time during mixing, the granulation temperature and mold parameters and the like are accurately controlled in each step. The feed has remarkable advantages in the aspects of reducing the pneumonia morbidity, improving the average daily gain, improving the feed utilization rate, improving the ingestion and digestion conditions and the like, has statistical significance in difference, and has good application prospects and popularization values in the cattle raising industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of feed, in particular to an anti-stress feed for cattle during transition period. Background Art

[0002] Cattle farming faces numerous challenges during transitions. For example, when moving from familiar pastures to unfamiliar surroundings, cattle need to adapt to new temperature, humidity, and light conditions. Changes in feed composition and taste can affect cattle's feeding and digestion. Sharp fluctuations in temperature and humidity during seasonal changes can also easily cause stress reactions in cattle. These stress reactions can weaken the cattle's immune system, leading to various diseases such as pneumonia, severely impacting their growth and development and raising profitability.

[0003] Traditional cattle feed has obvious shortcomings in addressing these problems. On the one hand, traditional feed often only focuses on providing basic nutrients and lacks targeted anti-stress design. During the transition period of cattle, relying solely on conventional nutritional supplies such as energy and protein cannot meet the special nutritional and health needs of cattle during special periods. On the other hand, traditional feed has limited ability to prevent diseases and has no effective prevention and treatment measures for diseases such as pneumonia that cattle are prone to contracting under stress. Moreover, the utilization rate of traditional feed is low, and some nutrients cannot be fully absorbed by cattle, resulting in a waste of resources. In addition, traditional feed is not effective in promoting cattle's appetite and digestion, and cannot effectively help cattle adapt to feed changes during the transition period and maintain a good growth state. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a feed that can effectively respond to cattle's stress response during the transition period, improve cattle's immunity and feed utilization, and promote cattle's appetite and digestion. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the above technical problems and provide an anti-stress feed for cattle during the transition period.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a technical solution: an anti-stress feed for cattle in the transition period, comprising the following components in weight percentage: 45-65% sprayed corn husks, 20-40% fermented distiller's grains powder, 5-15% jujube powder, 1.2-1.8% Qingfei Zhike powder, 0.01-0.03% dihydropyridine, and 1.3-1.8% calcium hydrogen phosphate.

[0006] Furthermore, the weight percentage of the sprayed corn husk is 50-60%, and the moisture content of the sprayed corn husk is less than 12%;

[0007] The weight percentage of the fermented vinasse powder is 25-35%, and the fermented vinasse powder is deeply fermented with probiotics, and the probiotic content is not less than 1×10 8 CFU / g;

[0008] The weight percentage of the jujube powder is 8-12%, and the reducing sugar content in the jujube powder is not less than 30%;

[0009] Furthermore, the Qingfei Zhike Powder is a pure Chinese medicine preparation, which is prepared from Platycodon grandiflorum, Scutellaria baicalensis, Fritillaria thunbergii, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and Honeysuckle in a weight ratio of (2-3):(3-4):(1-2):(1-2):(2-3).

[0010] Furthermore, the dihydropyridine is a crystalline substance with a purity of not less than 98%, and the dispersed particle size in the feed is not greater than 0.05 mm;

[0011] The calcium content of the calcium hydrogen phosphate is not less than 21%, the phosphorus content is not less than 16%, and the fluorine content is less than 0.1%.

[0012] Furthermore, the feed formula is also added with 0.05-0.1% of organic selenium.

[0013] The preparation method of the anti-stress feed for cattle during the transition period is as follows:

[0014] S1: Material preparation

[0015] Prepare spray corn husk 45-65%, fermented wine lees powder 20-40%, jujube powder 5-15%, Qingfei Zhike powder 1.2-1.8%, dihydropyridine 0.01-0.03%,

[0016] Calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.3-1.8%, and organic selenium 0.05-0.1%;

[0017] S2: Preprocessing

[0018] The sprayed corn husks are first screened to remove impurities, then crushed to a particle size of 0.5-1.5 mm and the moisture content is controlled to be less than 12%;

[0019] The fermented lees powder is pretreated and the probiotic content is not less than 1×10 8 CFU / g fermented wine lees powder is dried to reduce its moisture content to 10-15%;

[0020] Pass the jujube powder through a 60-80 mesh sieve to ensure that the reducing sugar content in the jujube powder is not less than 30%, and remove the lumps;

[0021] Platycodon grandiflorum, scutellaria baicalensis, fritillaria thunbergii, anemarrhena asphodeloides, and honeysuckle are mixed in a weight ratio of (2-3):(3-4):(1-2):(1-2):(2-3), and ultrafinely ground to prepare a Qingfei Zhike powder with a particle size of 100-120 mesh;

[0022] S3: Hybrid

[0023] Put all the prepared raw materials into a twin-shaft paddle mixer and pre-mix them at low speed for 5-10 minutes at a speed of 100-150 rpm, then mix them at high speed for 15-20 minutes at a speed of 300-400 rpm to ensure that all the ingredients are evenly mixed;

[0024] S4: Granulation

[0025] The mixed materials are granulated using a low-temperature granulation process at a temperature not higher than 70°C. The die hole diameter of the granulator is 4-6 mm and the compression ratio is 1:8-1:10.

[0026] S5: Cooling

[0027] After pelleting, the feed pellets are cooled in a cooler to reduce the pellet temperature to room temperature and control the moisture content at 12-14%.

[0028] S6: Screening

[0029] The cooled feed pellets are screened to remove sticky particles and unqualified particles, and then packaged in moisture-proof and breathable composite plastic woven bags.

[0030] Furthermore, in the pretreatment of step S2, the reducing sugar content in the jujube powder is ensured to be not less than 30% by enzymatic hydrolysis or ultrasonic-assisted treatment.

[0031] The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are:

[0032] 1. Effectively prevent and treat pneumonia: By adding Qingfei Zhike Powder, a pure Chinese medicine preparation, and utilizing the synergistic effect of Chinese medicine, it has a significant preventive and therapeutic effect on pneumonia that cattle are prone to during the transition period, reducing the risk of disease in cattle and improving their health level.

[0033] 2. Improve feed utilization: The addition of dihydropyridine not only protects the nutritional components of feed, but also promotes the absorption and utilization of nutrients by cattle, reduces feed waste, and reduces breeding costs.

[0034] 3. Improve appetite and aid digestion: The probiotics in fermented distiller's grains powder regulate intestinal flora, stimulate appetite, and enhance digestive function, so that cattle can better adapt to feed changes during the transition period and maintain a good growth state.

[0035] 4. Comprehensive nutritional supply: The raw materials are scientifically proportioned to provide comprehensive nutrition such as protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, etc. to meet the special nutritional needs of cattle during the transition period.

[0036] 5. Scientific preparation process: From material preparation, pretreatment, mixing, granulation, cooling to screening and packaging, the entire preparation process strictly controls parameters to ensure the quality and stability of the feed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0038] 1. Working principle of the present invention:

[0039] 1.1 Feed formula

[0040] The cattle transition period anti-stress feed of the present invention comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45-65% of sprayed corn husks, 20-40% of fermented distiller's grains powder, 5-15% of jujube powder, 1.2-1.8% of Qingfei Zhike powder, 0.01-0.03% of dihydropyridine, 1.3-1.8% of calcium hydrogen phosphate, and 0.05-0.1% of organic selenium.

[0041] The weight percentage of the sprayed corn husk is preferably 50-60%, and the moisture content is less than 12%; the weight percentage of the fermented vinasse powder is preferably 25-35%, and the probiotic content is not less than 1×10 8 CFU / g; the weight percentage of jujube powder is preferably 8-12%, and the reducing sugar content is not less than 30%;

[0042] Qingfei Zhike Powder is a pure traditional Chinese medicine preparation, made from Platycodon grandiflorum, Scutellaria baicalensis, Fritillaria thunbergii, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and Honeysuckle in a weight ratio of (2-3):(3-4):(1-2):(1-2):(2-3). Dihydropyridine is a crystalline substance with a purity of no less than 98%, and its dispersed particle size in the feed is no larger than 0.05 mm. The calcium content of the calcium hydrogen phosphate is no less than 21%, the phosphorus content is no less than 16%, and the fluorine content is less than 0.1%.

[0043] The Qingfei Zhike Powder is made from a specific ratio of Platycodon grandiflorum, Scutellaria baicalensis, Fritillaria thunbergii, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and Honeysuckle. Platycodon grandiflorum promotes the flow of phlegm from the respiratory tract, relieves sore throat, eliminates phlegm, and drains pus, thus promoting the excretion of phlegm from the respiratory tract. Scutellaria baicalensis clears heat and dampness, purges fire and detoxifies, and has an inhibitory effect on respiratory inflammation. Fritillaria thunbergii clears heat and resolves phlegm, dissipates stagnation, and reduces swelling, alleviating lung swelling and inflammation. Anemarrhena asphodeloides clears heat and purges fire, nourishes yin and moistens dryness, helping to regulate dryness and heat in the lungs. Honeysuckle clears heat and detoxifies, dispels wind-heat, and has an inhibitory effect on various pathogens. These herbs work synergistically to effectively prevent and treat pneumonia, a common ailment in cattle under stress.

[0044] Dihydropyridine is a new multifunctional feed additive. It has antioxidant effects and can protect the nutrients in feed from being destroyed by oxidation. At the same time, it can regulate fat metabolism and protein synthesis in cattle, promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients, and thus improve feed utilization.

[0045] Fermented distiller's grains powder undergoes deep fermentation with probiotics and is rich in probiotics. Once in the cattle's intestines, these probiotics regulate the balance of intestinal flora, inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria and promoting the reproduction of beneficial bacteria. Furthermore, probiotic metabolites, such as organic acids and vitamins, stimulate the cattle's appetite, enhance the activity of digestive enzymes, and help them better digest feed.

[0046] 1.2 Preparation method

[0047] Material Preparation: Prepare sprayed corn husks, fermented distiller's grains powder, jujube powder, Qingfei Zhike powder, dihydropyridine, calcium hydrogen phosphate, and organic selenium according to the above formula ratio. The weighing accuracy of each raw material should be controlled within ±0.1%.

[0048] Pretreatment: Screen the sprayed corn husks to remove impurities, then crush them to a particle size of 0.5-1.5 mm, and use vacuum drying or airflow drying to control the moisture content below 12%; 8 CFU / g of fermented distiller's grains powder is dried by hot air drying or spray drying to reduce its moisture content to 10-15%; jujube powder is passed through a 60-80 mesh sieve, and an enzymatic hydrolysis method or ultrasound-assisted treatment is used to ensure that the reducing sugar content of the jujube powder is not less than 30%, and lumps therein are removed; platycodon grandiflorum, scutellaria baicalensis, fritillaria thunbergii, anemarrhena asphodeloides, and honeysuckle are mixed in a ball mill or a jet mill according to a weight ratio of (2-3):(3-4):(1-2):(1-2):(2-3), and ultrafinely ground to prepare a lung-clearing and cough-relieving powder with a particle size of 100-120 mesh.

[0049] Mixing: Put all the prepared raw materials into a twin-shaft paddle mixer, pre-mix them at low speed for 5-10 minutes at a speed of 100-150 rpm, then mix them at high speed for 15-20 minutes at a speed of 300-400 rpm. Inert gas is introduced during the mixing process to ensure that the ingredients are evenly mixed and there is no oxidation.

[0050] Granulation: The mixed material is granulated by low-temperature granulation process at a temperature not higher than 70°C using a ring die granulator or a flat die granulator. The die hole diameter of the granulator is 4-6 mm and the compression ratio is 1:8-1:10.

[0051] Cooling: The pelletized feed pellets are cooled by a counter-current cooler or a downstream cooler to reduce the pellet temperature to room temperature and control the moisture content at 12-14%.

[0052] Screening: The cooled feed pellets are screened through a vibrating screen or a rotary screen to remove sticky particles and unqualified particles, and then packaged. The packaging material is a moisture-proof and breathable composite plastic woven bag, and the packaging weight error is controlled within ±0.5%.

[0053] 2. Implementation Methods:

[0054] 2.1 Example 1

[0055] Material Preparation: Accurately weigh 50% sprayed corn husks, 30% fermented distiller's grains powder, 10% jujube powder, 1.5% Qingfei Zhike powder, 0.02% dihydropyridine, 1.5% calcium hydrogen phosphate, and 0.08% organic selenium. Use a high-precision electronic scale to weigh each ingredient to minimize errors.

[0056] Preparation process: The process strictly follows the steps of pretreatment, mixing, granulation, cooling, and screening. During pretreatment, the sprayed corn husks are screened to remove impurities and crushed to a particle size of 0.5-1.5 mm using a specialized grinder. Vacuum drying is used to control the moisture content to below 12%. Fermented distiller's grains powder is dried using hot air to reduce the moisture content to 10-15%. During mixing, a twin-shaft paddle mixer is used for premixing at low speed for 8 minutes at 120 rpm, followed by high-speed mixing for 18 minutes at 350 rpm. Nitrogen is continuously introduced during mixing to prevent oxidation. Granulation is performed using a ring die pelletizer at a low temperature of 65°C, with a die diameter of 5 mm and a compression ratio of 1:9. A countercurrent cooler is used to cool the pellets to room temperature and control the moisture content to 13%. Finally, a vibrating screen is used to screen out unqualified pellets, and the pellets are packaged in moisture-proof, breathable composite plastic woven bags.

[0057] 2.2 Example 2

[0058] Material preparation: prepare 55% spray corn husks, 25% fermented distiller's grains powder, 8% jujube powder, 1.3% Qingfei Zhike powder, 0.015% dihydropyridine, 1.6% calcium hydrogen phosphate, and 0.06% organic selenium.

[0059] Preparation process: The process was largely the same as in Example 1, but with optimization of some key parameters. For example, in the mixing step, the low-speed premixing time was adjusted to 7 minutes at a speed of 130 rpm, and the high-speed mixing time was adjusted to 16 minutes at a speed of 380 rpm. For pelleting, a flat-die pelletizer was used, with a temperature of 68°C, a die diameter of 4.5 mm, and a compression ratio of 1:8.5. These parameter adjustments were used to further investigate the effects on feed quality and performance.

[0060] 2.3 Example 3

[0061] Material preparation: prepare 60% sprayable corn husks, 20% fermented distiller's grains powder, 12% jujube powder, 1.2% Qingfei Zhike powder, 0.01% dihydropyridine, 1.8% calcium hydrogen phosphate, and 0.05% organic selenium.

[0062] Preparation Process: During the pretreatment stage, we focus on optimizing the pulverization process. We utilize a new claw-type pulverizer, combined with ultrasonic-assisted pulverization technology, to achieve more uniform particle size and improve mixing uniformity. During the pelletizing and cooling process, we precisely control the cooling time and wind speed based on the material characteristics to ensure consistent pellet quality.

[0063] 2.4 Comparative Example 1

[0064] Ordinary cattle feed commonly found in the market is used. The formula of this feed does not have any special design for cattle to resist stress during the transition period. The preparation process is also relatively conventional, lacking fine handling of raw materials and special processing links.

[0065] 2.5 Comparative Example 2

[0066] The feed formula of the present invention is prepared by conventional processes using the Qingfei Zhike Powder, dihydropyridine and fermented distiller's grains powder removed. This allows for intuitive comparison of the important roles of these three key ingredients in resisting stress, preventing and treating diseases and promoting digestion.

[0067] 2.6 Comparison Results

[0068] 300 cattle of similar breed, age, and weight in the transition period were randomly divided into five groups of 60 each and fed the five aforementioned feeds. During the experiment, the same breeding environment and management methods were maintained, and data on the cattle's feeding habits and health were recorded daily. After two months of feeding, the following results were obtained:

[0069] Pneumonia incidence: The incidence rates of Examples 1-3 were 4%, 5%, and 6%, respectively; Comparative Example 1 was 20%, and Comparative Example 2 was 15%. The chi-square test showed that the incidence rates of the Example group and the Comparative Example group were significantly different (P < 0.05), indicating that the feed of the present invention can effectively reduce the incidence of pneumonia.

[0070] Average Daily Weight Gain: The average daily weight gain of cattle in Examples 1-3 was 1.2 kg, 1.15 kg, and 1.1 kg, respectively; the average daily weight gain of Comparative Example 1 was 0.8 kg, and the average daily weight gain of Comparative Example 2 was 0.9 kg. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference in average daily weight gain between the Example and Comparative Example groups (P < 0.05), indicating that the feed of the present invention can significantly increase the growth rate of cattle.

[0071] Feed utilization rate: The feed utilization rates of Examples 1-3 reached 85%, 83%, and 82%, respectively; the feed utilization rates of Comparative Example 1 were 70%, and those of Comparative Example 2 were 75%. Using t-test analysis, the feed utilization rates of the Example group and the Comparative Example group were significantly different (P<0.05), indicating that the feed of the present invention is significantly effective in improving feed utilization rate.

[0072] Feeding enthusiasm and digestion: The cattle in the Example group ate actively, and their feces were well-formed and had no obvious odor; the cattle in the Comparative Example 1 ate generally, and their feces were loose and soft, with undigested feed residues; the feeding and digestion of the Comparative Example 2 were slightly better than those of the Comparative Example 1, but there was still a large gap compared with the Example group.

[0073] The experimental results demonstrate that the present invention's transitional anti-stress feed for cattle demonstrates significant advantages in preventing and treating pneumonia, promoting growth, increasing feed utilization, and improving feed intake and digestion. It demonstrates promising application prospects and promotional value in the cattle industry. Comparison of different examples also provides data support for further optimization of feed formulations and preparation processes.

[0074] The present invention and its implementation methods are described above. This description is not restrictive. In short, if ordinary technicians in this field are inspired by it and do not depart from the purpose of the invention, they can creatively design structures and embodiments similar to the technical solution, which should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Transitional anti-stress feed for cattle, characterized by: The invention comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45-65% of sprayed corn husk, 20-40% of fermented distiller's grains powder, 5-15% of jujube powder, 1.2-1.8% of lung-clearing and cough-relieving powder, 0.01-0.03% of dihydropyridine and 1.3-1.8% of calcium hydrogen phosphate.

2. The cattle transition period anti-stress feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight percentage of the sprayed corn husk is 50-60%, and the moisture content of the sprayed corn husk is less than 12%; The weight percentage of the fermented vinasse powder is 25-35%, and the fermented vinasse powder is deeply fermented with probiotics, and the probiotic content is not less than 1×10 8 CFU / g; The weight percentage of the jujube powder is 8-12%, and the reducing sugar content in the jujube powder is not less than 30%.

3. The cattle transition period anti-stress feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Qingfei Zhike powder is a pure traditional Chinese medicine preparation, which is prepared from Platycodon grandiflorum, Scutellaria baicalensis, Fritillaria thunbergii, Anemarrhena asphodeloides and Honeysuckle in a weight ratio of (2-3):(3-4):(1-2):(1-2):(2-3).

4. The cattle transition period anti-stress feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dihydropyridine is a crystalline substance with a purity of not less than 98%, and the dispersed particle size in the feed is not greater than 0.05 mm; The calcium content of the calcium hydrogen phosphate is not less than 21%, the phosphorus content is not less than 16%, and the fluorine content is less than 0.1%.

5. The cattle transition period anti-stress feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed formula is also supplemented with 0.05-0.1% organic selenium.

6. The anti-stress feed for cattle during transition period according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Also included is a preparation method, which is as follows: S1: Material preparation Prepare spraying corn husk 45-65%, fermented distiller's grains powder 20-40%, jujube powder 5-15%, Qingfei Zhike powder 1.2-1.8%, dihydropyridine 0.01-0.03%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.3-1.8%, and organic selenium 0.05-0.1%; S2: Preprocessing The sprayed corn husks are first screened to remove impurities, then crushed to a particle size of 0.5-1.5 mm and the moisture content is controlled to be less than 12%; The fermented lees powder is pretreated and the probiotic content is not less than 1×10 8 CFU / g fermented wine lees powder is dried to reduce its moisture content to 10-15%; Pass the jujube powder through a 60-80 mesh sieve to ensure that the reducing sugar content in the jujube powder is not less than 30%, and remove any lumps; Platycodon grandiflorum, scutellaria baicalensis, fritillaria thunbergii, anemarrhena asphodeloides, and honeysuckle are mixed in a weight ratio of (2-3):(3-4):(1-2):(1-2):(2-3), and ultrafinely ground to prepare a Qingfei Zhike powder with a particle size of 100-120 mesh; S3: Hybrid Put all the prepared raw materials into a twin-shaft paddle mixer and pre-mix them at low speed for 5-10 minutes at a speed of 100-150 rpm, then mix them at high speed for 15-20 minutes at a speed of 300-400 rpm to ensure that all the ingredients are evenly mixed; S4: Granulation The mixed materials are granulated using a low-temperature granulation process at a temperature not higher than 70°C. The die hole diameter of the granulator is 4-6 mm and the compression ratio is 1:8-1:

10. S5: Cooling After pelleting, the feed pellets are cooled in a cooler to reduce the pellet temperature to room temperature and the moisture content is controlled at 12-14%; S6: Screening The cooled feed pellets are screened to remove sticky particles and unqualified particles, and then packaged in moisture-proof and breathable composite plastic woven bags.

7. The method for preparing the anti-stress feed for cattle during transition period according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the pretreatment of step S2, the reducing sugar content in the jujube powder is ensured to be not less than 30% by enzymatic hydrolysis or ultrasonic-assisted treatment.