Fire extinguishing system of energy storage system

Abstract

A fire extinguishing system for an energy storage system is disclosed. A fire extinguishing system for an energy storage system including a plurality of battery racks each configured to receive a plurality of battery modules, the fire extinguishing system including: a sensing unit configured to sense at least one of temperature, voltage, and smoke of the battery modules; and a fire extinguishing unit that sprays a fire extinguishing agent to the battery module if at least one of the values sensed by the sensing unit is higher than a preset threshold value, in which the fire extinguishing unit includes a spraying pipe connected to a top of the battery module, the spraying pipe allowing the fire extinguishing agent to be sprayed therethrough, and a fire extinguishing unit that sprays the fire extinguishing agent to the battery module if at least one of the values sensed by the sensing unit is higher than the preset threshold value. A plurality of injection holes are formed through the injection pipe to correspond to positions of battery cells of the battery module, and the injection pipe is rotatably arranged such that the injection holes are arranged in a direction inclined with respect to the battery module.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0033859 filed on March 11, 2024, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0002] Aspects of some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a fire suppression system of an energy storage system. Background Art

[0003] Energy storage systems are systems that store surplus electricity or electricity generated by renewable energy. By utilizing energy storage systems, idle power can be stored during periods of low electricity demand and then supplied during periods of high demand, enabling smoother control of electricity supply and demand.

[0004] The space or facility where the energy storage system is installed and operated may be equipped, as needed, with facilities for suppressing battery fires caused by electric shock, short circuit, external power surge, etc. The fire extinguishing system may include a fire sensor and a spring cooler or a fire extinguishing agent sprayer installed near the battery rack or on the roof, etc.

[0005] Fire suppression systems can be indirect injection-type fire suppression systems, configured to spray water or fire extinguishing agents onto the battery or the entire area where the battery is installed in the event of a battery fire. However, as the energy density of batteries continues to increase, the volume of flames and the pressure of the spray at the exhaust ports of the battery cells increase, which may make it difficult to extinguish or suppress the fire early with certain fire suppression equipment. Therefore, it may be necessary to provide a fire suppression system that can effectively suppress fires arising from multiple batteries in an energy storage system and extinguish high-voltage fires early.

[0006] The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background technology and therefore the information discussed in this Background section does not necessarily constitute prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Aspects of some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a fire extinguishing system of an energy storage system capable of effectively extinguishing a fire in the event of a fire.

[0008] Aspects of some embodiments of the present disclosure include a fire suppression system for an energy storage system capable of effectively suppressing and extinguishing a fire.

[0009] It should be noted that the features according to the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-mentioned features, and those skilled in the art will more clearly understand other unmentioned features according to the embodiments of the present disclosure from the following description.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a fire extinguishing system for an energy storage system is provided, the energy storage system including a plurality of battery racks each configured to receive a plurality of battery modules, the fire extinguishing system including: a sensing unit configured to sense at least one of a temperature, a voltage, and a smoke of each of the battery modules; and a fire extinguishing unit configured to spray a fire extinguishing agent into the battery module if at least one of the values ​​sensed by the sensing unit is higher than a preset threshold value, wherein: the fire extinguishing unit includes a spray pipe connected to the top of the battery module, the spray pipe being configured to allow the fire extinguishing agent to be sprayed therethrough, a plurality of spray holes being formed through the spray pipe to correspond to positions of battery cells of the battery module, and the spray pipe being rotationally arranged so that the spray holes are positioned in a direction inclined relative to the battery module.

[0011] According to some embodiments, the battery module may include a top cover having a plurality of through-openings formed to correspond to positions of the exhaust holes of the battery cells, and the through-openings may be formed through the top cover.

[0012] According to some embodiments, each of the battery racks may include: a main frame on which a tube is mounted; and a sub-frame configured to support the battery module, the sub-frame having a seating groove formed therein, the injection pipe being seated in the seating groove, and the sub-frame may include an extension portion extending from the seating groove toward the interior of the battery rack, the extension portion being formed in the insertion direction of the battery module.

[0013] According to some embodiments, the extension portion may be bent in a direction inclined with respect to a direction toward the top cover.

[0014] According to some embodiments, a through hole configured to allow the fire extinguishing agent sprayed from the spray hole to pass therethrough may be formed in the seating groove, and the through hole may be formed at a position corresponding to a direction toward the spray hole.

[0015] According to some embodiments, the fire extinguishing agent sprayed from the spray hole may be sprayed in a straight line toward the through hole.

[0016] According to some embodiments, the fire extinguishing agent sprayed from the spray hole may be sprayed in a straight line from the through hole toward the top cover.

[0017] According to some embodiments, the battery rack may be formed such that when the battery module is inserted in a state in which the extending portion and the top cover are spaced apart from each other, the extending portion and the top cover contact each other.

[0018] According to some embodiments, a bending angle of the extension portion may be set to an angle such that if the sub-frame is pressed by the battery module, the sub-frame contacts the top cover.

[0019] According to some embodiments, a length from the center of the spray pipe to an end of the extension portion may be set to a length such that if the sub-frame is pressed by the battery module, a bent end of the sub-frame contacts the top cover.

[0020] According to some embodiments, the spray angle of the fire extinguishing agent from the spray hole can be set based on at least one of a bending angle of the extension portion, a distance from the center of the spray pipe to a point where the extension portion and the top cover contact each other, and a range of the through opening of the top cover.

[0021] According to some embodiments, a maximum angle at which the spray holes are rotationally arranged may be based on a position in front of the through-opening, so that the fire extinguishing agent is not sprayed toward the through-opening.

[0022] According to some embodiments, a minimum angle at which the spray holes are rotationally arranged may be based on an upper surface of the top cover so that the fire extinguishing agent is not sprayed outside the top cover.

[0023] According to some embodiments, a minimum angle at which the spray holes are rotationally arranged may be based on a point at which the top cover and the extension portion contact each other, so that the fire extinguishing agent is not sprayed outside the top cover.

[0024] According to some embodiments, the spray hole of the spray pipe may be rotationally arranged toward an interior of the battery rack.

[0025] According to some embodiments, the distance from the injection hole to the top cover may be 8 mm to 12 mm. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The accompanying drawings incorporated in this specification illustrate aspects of some embodiments and are used to further illustrate the technical ideas according to the embodiments of the present disclosure in conjunction with the detailed description of some embodiments below, and the present disclosure should not be interpreted as being limited to the contents shown in these drawings. In the drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a fire extinguishing system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a fire extinguishing system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 3 It is briefly shown Figure 1A perspective view of the main parts of the fire extinguishing system shown in;

[0030] Figure 4 is a partial perspective view showing a battery rack according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 5 It shows Figure 4 A perspective view of the direction of movement of the fire extinguishing agent in the battery rack;

[0032] Figure 6 It shows Figure 4 A perspective view of the battery module and injection pipe shown in FIG;

[0033] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 An enlarged perspective view of the connection area between the battery module and the injection pipe shown in FIG;

[0034] Figure 8 It shows Figure 6 A side view of the top cover and injection pipe of the battery module shown in FIG;

[0035] Figure 9 It shows Figure 8 An enlarged view of one side of the top cover and the injection pipe of the battery module shown in FIG;

[0036] Figure 10 It shows Figure 4 A perspective view of the lower surface of the injection tube shown in FIG;

[0037] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 An enlarged perspective view of portion C shown in FIG;

[0038] Figure 12 It shows Figure 11 A plan view of the lower surface of the injection tube shown in ;

[0039] Figure 13 is an enlarged perspective view showing a portion of a lower surface of a spray pipe according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0040] Figure 14 It shows Figure 13 a plan view of a portion of the lower surface of the injection pipe shown in ;

[0041] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram briefly illustrating a fire extinguishing process according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; and

[0042] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram briefly illustrating a fire extinguishing system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] Hereinafter, aspects of some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the terms or words used in the specification and the appended claims should not be interpreted as limited to the general meaning and dictionary meaning, but should be interpreted based on the meaning and concept of the technical ideas of the present disclosure on the basis of the principle that allows the inventor to define appropriate terms for best description. The embodiments described in this specification and the structures shown in the drawings illustrate and describe aspects of some embodiments and do not represent the entire technical ideas of the present disclosure. Therefore, it should be understood that various alternative equivalents and modifications may be possible when filing this application.

[0044] As used herein, the terms “include” and / or “comprises” are intended to specify the presence of stated figures, numbers, steps, operations, components, elements and / or groups thereof, and do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other figures, numbers, steps, operations, components, elements and / or groups.

[0045] The accompanying drawings may not be drawn to scale, and the sizes of some components may be exaggerated to facilitate understanding of the present disclosure. In different embodiments, the same components may be represented by the same reference numerals.

[0046] Reference to two comparable objects as being "the same" means that they are "substantially the same." Thus, substantially the same can include deviations that are considered low in the art, such as less than 5%. If a parameter is consistent within a given region, this can mean that the parameter is consistent from an average perspective.

[0047] Unless otherwise indicated, throughout the specification, each component may be singular or plural.

[0048] If any configuration is located “above” (or “below”) or “on” (or “below”) a component, this may not only mean that the configuration is arranged close to the upper surface (or lower surface) of the component, but also mean that another configuration may be between the component and the configuration located on (or below) the component.

[0049] It should also be understood that if a component is described as being “on,” “connected to,” or “coupled to” another component, the components may be directly connected or associated with each other, the other component may be “interposed” between the components, or the components may be “connected,” “coupled,” or “associated” with each other via another component.

[0050] As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. "May" when describing embodiments of the present disclosure refers to "one or more embodiments of the present disclosure." Expressions such as "one or more" following a list of elements modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements in the list.

[0051] Throughout the specification, references to "A and / or B" mean A, B, or A and B unless otherwise stated, and references to "C to D" mean C or above and D or below unless otherwise stated.

[0052] If a phrase such as "at least one of A, B, and C," "at least one of A, B, or C," "at least one selected from the group consisting of A, B, and C," or "at least one selected from A, B, and C" is used to specify a list of elements A, B, and C, the phrase may refer to any suitable combination.

[0053] The term "use" may be considered synonymous with the term "utilize." As used herein, the terms "substantially" and "about," and similar terms, are used as terms of approximation, not as terms of degree, and are intended to take into account the inherent variations in measured or calculated values ​​that one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize.

[0054] Although terms such as "first," "second," and "third" may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section from another element, component, region, layer, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section discussed below may be referred to as a second element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of the disclosed embodiments.

[0055] To describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element or feature as shown in the figures, spatially relative terms such as "below," "beneath," "below," "above," and "upper" may be used herein to facilitate description. It will be understood that spatially relative positions are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned upside down, the element or feature described as "below" or "below" becomes "above" or "upper." Therefore, "below" is a concept that includes "above" and "below."

[0056] The terms used herein are intended to describe the embodiments of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure.

[0057] The controller and / or other related devices or parts according to the present disclosure can be implemented using any suitable hardware, firmware (e.g., semiconductors as needed), software, or any suitable combination of software, firmware, and hardware. For example, the various components of the controller and / or other related devices or parts according to the present disclosure can be formed on a single integrated circuit chip or on separate integrated circuit chips. The various components of the controller can be implemented on a flexible printed circuit film and can be formed on a carrier package, a printed circuit board, or on the same substrate as the controller. The various components of the controller can be processes or threads executed by one or more processors in one or more computing devices, and the processor can execute computer program instructions and interact with other components to perform the various functions described below. The computer program instructions can be stored in a memory and can be executed in the computing device using a standard memory device such as a random access memory. The computer program instructions can also be stored on other non-transient computer-readable media such as a CD-ROM or a flash drive. Those skilled in the art will recognize that, without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the functions of the various computing devices can be combined with each other or integrated into a single computing device, or the functions of a particular computing device can be distributed to one or more other computing devices.

[0058] In one example, a controller according to the present disclosure may operate on a computer that includes a central processing unit, a mass storage device such as a hard disk or solid-state drive, a volatile memory device, an input device such as a keyboard or mouse, and an output device such as a display or printer.

[0059] Hereinafter, a fire extinguishing system of an energy storage system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0060] Figure 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a fire extinguishing system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a fire extinguishing system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 3 It is briefly shown Figure 1 A perspective view of aspects of a fire extinguishing system is shown in FIG. Figure 4 is a partial perspective view showing a battery rack according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0061] refer to Figures 1 to 4 According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the fire extinguishing system of the energy storage system (or energy storage device) may mainly include a supply unit 100 configured to supply fire extinguishing agent to the energy storage system 1, a fire extinguishing unit 300 configured to transport and spray the fire extinguishing agent to the energy storage system 1, and a sensing unit 500 configured to monitor fire.

[0062] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The supply unit 100 may include an agent container 110 configured to store a fire extinguishing agent, a leak detector 120 configured to detect leakage of the agent container 110, a main valve 130 configured to supply the fire extinguishing agent and stop the supply of the fire extinguishing agent, a regulator 140 configured to adjust the supply pressure and time of the fire extinguishing agent, and a controller 150 configured to perform control.

[0063] refer to Figures 2 to 4 The fire extinguishing unit 300 may include a main pipe 310 through which the fire extinguishing agent is transported, a branch pipe 320 branched from the main pipe 310 , and a spray pipe 330 connected to the top of the battery module 30 and through which the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed.

[0064] refer to Figure 1 , the sensing unit 500 may include a first sensor 510 configured to sense a fire in the battery module 30 and a second sensor 520 configured to sense smoke in the event of a fire outside the battery module 30. In some embodiments, the sensing unit 500 may be configured to sense at least one of a temperature, a voltage, and smoke of each of the battery modules 30.

[0065] Before describing the fire extinguishing system in detail, the energy storage system 1 will be briefly described.

[0066] refer to Figures 1 to 4 According to some embodiments, the energy storage system 1 may include a plurality of battery modules 30 installed in each of a plurality of battery racks 10, and the battery modules 30 may include a housing 31 received in each of the battery modules 30 (see, for example Figure 5 ) in a plurality of battery cells 33. Each battery cell 33 may be a secondary battery capable of charge and discharge.

[0067] The battery rack 10 may include a main frame 11 on which the tubes may be mounted and a sub-frame 13 configured to support the battery modules 30. The main frame 11 may be substantially hexahedral in shape, and its portion corresponding to the plate surface may be closed or open. The sub-frame 13 may be arranged in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction ( Figure 4 The subframe 13 is arranged in a vertical direction (in the vertical direction) to support the battery module 30. According to some embodiments, if the battery module 30 is placed on the subframe 13, the subframe 13 may be squeezed by the battery module 30 and may sag. For example, the subframe 13 may sag approximately 3 mm. Therefore, according to some embodiments, the subframe 13 may be designed to be spaced approximately 3 mm from the battery module 30.

[0068] According to some embodiments, a seating groove 13a (see, for example, FIG. 1 ) in which a spray pipe 330 to be described later is seated may be formed on the sub-frame 13. Figure 6The seating groove 13a may be formed in the insertion direction of the battery module 30. The size of the seating groove 13a may be equal to or greater than the length and diameter of the injection pipe 330, which will be described in more detail later.

[0069] According to some embodiments, the extension portion 13b (see e.g. Figure 6 ) may be formed on the sub-frame 13 and extend from the seating groove 13a in the inward direction of the battery rack 10. The extension portion 13b may be formed in the extension direction of the seating groove 13a. The extension portion 13b may be formed in the insertion direction of the battery module 30. According to some embodiments, the extension portion 13b may be formed by bending the end of the sub-frame 13 downward. The extension portion 13b may be bent in a direction inclined relative to the battery module 30. The extension portion 13b may prevent the possibility of heat propagating to the rear row in the event of a fire in the battery cells in the battery module 30. The second sensor 520 configured to sense smoke may be mounted on the battery rack 10 to be described later.

[0070] The battery module 30 may include a plurality of battery cells 33 housed inside a housing 31 having a substantially hexahedral shape. The battery cells 33 may be spaced apart from each other by a distance (e.g., a set or predetermined distance) and may be arranged in a plurality of rows. The battery module 30 may further include a top cover 32 configured to cover the tops of the plurality of battery cells 33 after the plurality of battery cells 33 are received in the housing 31 (see, for example, FIG. Figure 6 ). The top cover 32 may have a plurality of through openings 32a formed to correspond to the positions of the exhaust holes of each of the battery cells 33 (see, for example Figure 7 ). However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The battery module 30 may not be provided with a top cover 32 separately, and the housing 31 may be formed as a single body, or the housing 31 may have covers formed on its bottom and sides. The top cover 32 may refer to the top of the housing 31.

[0071] Each battery module 30 may be equipped with a battery management system (BMS) that may transmit a fire signal to a controller 150 to be described later in the event of a fire in a battery cell 33. A plurality of first sensors 510 may be installed in the battery module 30, and a second sensor 520 may be externally installed on a battery rack 10 to be described later. The first sensor 510 may be a sensor configured to sense the ambient temperature in the battery module 30. According to some embodiments, the first sensor 510 may be a voltage sensor. According to some embodiments, one first sensor 510 may be arranged for each row of battery cells 33, such as Figure 3 In this case, the two first sensors 510 may be installed to face each other. The number and installation positions of the first sensors 510 may vary according to various embodiments.

[0072] If the value measured by the first sensor 510 is higher than a preset threshold, the controller 150 may determine to supply the fire extinguishing agent. According to some embodiments, if the temperature in the battery module 30 measured by the first sensor 510 is equal to or higher than a threshold or the voltage is equal to or higher than a threshold, the BMS may send an abnormality signal to the controller 150.

[0073] According to some embodiments, if a threshold temperature is sensed, the BMS may determine that an abnormal condition exists. Then, if a temperature exceeding the threshold temperature by approximately one degree is sensed, the BMS may determine that an abnormal condition has occurred in the battery. According to some embodiments, if a temperature increase of approximately 5 degrees or more within one second is detected twice in a row, the BMS may determine that an abnormal condition has occurred in the battery. With respect to voltage, if a voltage equal to or higher than a threshold voltage is detected twice in a row, the BMS may determine that an abnormal condition has occurred in the battery and may reduce the voltage.

[0074] The fire extinguishing unit 300 can be installed on the battery rack 10 and the battery module 30. If the sensing unit 500 senses a fire, a fire extinguishing agent can be supplied through the supply unit 100, and the fire extinguishing agent can be delivered to the battery rack 10 and the battery module 30 through the fire extinguishing unit 300. Therefore, a fire occurring in the battery module 30 can be quickly extinguished in the early stages. In the fire extinguishing system of the present disclosure, the fire extinguishing agent can be supplied to the battery cell 33 in the battery module 30 where the fire has occurred and to the battery cells 33 adjacent to the battery cell 33.

[0075] Hereinafter, a fire extinguishing system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail (refer to Figures 1 to 4 describe Figures 5 to 9 components not shown).

[0076] Figure 5 It shows Figure 4 A perspective view of the movement direction of the fire extinguishing agent in the battery rack. Figure 6 It shows Figure 4 A perspective view of the battery module and injection pipe shown in FIG. Figure 7 yes Figure 6 An enlarged perspective view of the connection area between the battery module and the injection pipe is shown in FIG. Figure 8 It shows Figure 6 Side view of the top cover and injection pipe of the battery module shown in . Figure 9 It shows Figure 8 An enlarged view of one side of the top cover and the injection pipe of the battery module is shown in FIG.

[0077] Figure 10 It shows Figure 4 A perspective view of the lower surface of the injection tube is shown in FIG. Figure 11 yes Figure 10An enlarged perspective view of portion C is shown in FIG. Figure 12 It shows Figure 11 A plan view of the lower surface of the injection tube is shown in FIG.

[0078] refer to Figure 1 , components of the supply unit 100 , the fire extinguishing unit 300 , and the sensing unit 500 of the fire extinguishing system may be organically connected to each other.

[0079] First, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The supply unit 100 is described in more detail.

[0080] The agent container 110 may be a storage container configured to store a fire extinguishing agent. The agent container 110 may be secured to the installation location using a packaging method or a wall-mounting method. According to some embodiments, the agent container 110 may be a pressure vessel configured to store a high-pressure fire extinguishing agent. Any of common fire extinguishing agents, such as a gaseous fire extinguishing agent (e.g., HFC-23 / HFC-125 / HFC227ea, CF3CF2C(O)CF(CF3)2) or water, may be used as the fire extinguishing agent. The fire extinguishing agent may be stored in the agent container 110 using a stacking method or a pressurization method. Therefore, the internal pressure of the agent container 110 may vary depending on the country in which the fire extinguishing system is used or the type of fire extinguishing agent (e.g., a domestic firefighting cylinder filling pressure range of 25 to 42 bar, an international firefighting cylinder filling pressure range of 25 to 34.5 bar, and 50 bar or more for gaseous fire extinguishing agents (HFC-23 / HFC-125 / HFC227ea)). According to some embodiments, if the fire extinguishing agent is discharged from the high-pressure agent container 110, the pressure, flow rate, and injection time may be adjusted by the regulator 140. If the controller 150 determines the injection of the fire extinguishing agent, the main valve 130 may be opened to inject the fire extinguishing agent.

[0081] The leak detector 120 may be integrally formed with or coupled to the agent container 110. The leak detector 120 may detect leakage of the fire extinguishing agent before spraying the fire extinguishing agent. For example, the leak detector 120 may be a load cell coupled to the agent container 110 to detect weight loss.

[0082] The main valve 130 may be used to open and close the discharge portion of the agent container 110. The main valve 130 may open and close the discharge portion of the agent container 110 under the control of the controller 150. If the main valve 130 is opened, the fire extinguishing agent may be discharged from the agent container 110 and may move along the discharge pipe to the regulator 140.

[0083] The regulator 140 can be used to adjust the injection pressure of the fire extinguishing agent to a final injection pressure. The final injection pressure of the fire extinguishing agent can be preset, and the regulator can be configured to achieve the preset final injection pressure. For example, the final injection pressure can be set to approximately 2 to 5 bar. The discharge pipe can be a stainless steel (STS or SUS) pipe or a flexible hose and can be connected to the main pipe 310, which will be described later.

[0084] The main valve 130 and the regulator 140 can be controlled by a controller 150. For example, the controller 150 can be a control board including a processor, executable memory, a communication device, and a display. The controller 150 can communicate with the first sensor 510 and the second sensor 520 and control the main valve 130 and the regulator 140. In the event of a fire, the controller 150 can sense the fire via the sensing unit 500 and open the main valve 130. The controller 150 can control the regulator 140 to discharge the fire extinguishing agent at a preset final injection pressure and direct the fire extinguishing agent to the fire extinguishing unit 300.

[0085] refer to Figures 2 to 4 The fire extinguishing unit 300 may include a main pipe 310 connected to the agent container 110 and conveying the fire extinguishing agent therethrough, and a branch pipe 320 branching from the main pipe 310. The fire extinguishing unit 300 may also include a rack pipe 325 connected to the branch pipe 320 and located on each battery rack 10, an injection pipe 330 positioned adjacent to each battery module 30, and a connecting pipe 340 configured to connect the pipes to each other. All pipes may be hollow pipes (in some figures, for ease of representation, the main pipe, branch pipe, rack pipe, and injection pipe are shown as having a cylindrical or cubic shape). According to some embodiments, the main pipe 310 and the branch pipe 320 may be configured to perform a single function.

[0086] The main pipe 310, to which multiple pipes are connected, may extend to the energy storage system 1. The branch pipe 320 may be coupled to the connection pipe 340 connected to the main pipe 310 and may be installed adjacent to or on each battery rack 10. A rack pipe 325 connected to the branch pipe 320 may be installed on each battery rack 10. The rack pipe 325 may be connected to multiple branch pipes 320, and the branch pipes 320 may be installed parallel to the battery modules 30. The connection pipe 340, which may branch in two, three, four, or other directions, may be coupled to connections between multiple main pipes 310, between the main pipe 310 and the branch pipe 320, and between the branch pipe 320 and the rack pipe 325. In the event of a fire, the fire extinguishing agent supplied from the agent container 110 may be delivered to the energy storage system 1 via the main pipe 310 and may be supplied to each battery module 30 via the branch pipe 320 and the injection pipe 330.

[0087] Will refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5A battery rack 10 is described by way of example.

[0088] Defined as the direction in which the battery modules 30 are inserted as the front of the battery rack 10, the main pipe 310 may be coupled to the front top of the battery rack 10. A branch pipe 320 may be coupled to the main pipe 310 and located at the upper portion of the battery rack 10. The branch pipe 320 may be positioned in the direction in which the battery modules 30 are inserted. For example, the branch pipe 320 may be located at the upper center portion of the battery rack 10. A rack pipe 325 may be coupled to the rear portion of the branch pipe 320. The rack pipe 325 may be arranged in the longitudinal direction of the battery rack 10. For example, the rack pipe 325 may be located at the rear center portion of the battery rack 10. An injection pipe 330 may be coupled to the rack pipe 325 and may be positioned adjacent to each of the battery modules 30. The injection pipe 330 may be coupled to the rack pipe 325 or may be coupled to the rack pipe 325 via a plurality of auxiliary pipes 327. The injection pipe 330 may be coupled to the subframe 13 of the battery rack 10. Fire extinguishing agent may be ejected downward from the injection pipe 330 coupled to the subframe 13. The number of injection pipes 330 may correspond to the number of rows of battery cells 33 received in the battery module 30. For example, if two rows of battery cells 33 are located in one battery module 30, two injection pipes 330 may be connected.

[0089] refer to Figure 5 In the event of a fire, the direction of movement of the fire extinguishing agent may correspond to the direction of the arrow. First, the fire extinguishing agent may move ① in the longitudinal direction of the main pipe 310 to the front of the battery rack 10. Then, the fire extinguishing agent may move ② along the branch pipe 320 from the front top to the rear of the battery rack 10. Subsequently, the fire extinguishing agent may move ③ along the rack pipe 325 from the rear top to the bottom of the battery rack 10. Subsequently, the fire extinguishing agent may move ④ along the various injection pipes 330 toward the front of the battery rack 10 and may be supplied to the battery cells 33 where a fire has occurred. Figure 5 The movement direction of the fire extinguishing agent shown in FIG may be based on an installation example of the tube, and different arrangements of the tubes may result in different movement directions of the fire extinguishing agent.

[0090] According to some embodiments, a plurality of spray holes 332 may be formed through the spray pipe 330. The position of the spray hole 332 may correspond to the position of each battery cell 33. However, according to some embodiments, the spray pipe 330 may be rotatably arranged so that the spray hole 332 is positioned in a direction inclined relative to the battery module 30. The spray hole 332 may be positioned in a direction inclined relative to the top of each battery cell 33 corresponding to the position of each battery cell 33. Therefore, the fire extinguishing agent moving through the spray pipe 330 may move to the corner of the top cover 32 of the battery module 30, and then may move to the top of the battery cell 33 through the through opening 32a formed in the top cover 32 of the battery module 30. A more detailed description thereof will be given later.

[0091] In a direct injection system where the fire extinguishing agent is injected perpendicularly to the exhaust port of the battery cell 33 to prevent or reduce heat propagation, it may take time to detect thermal runaway in a specific battery cell 33 and inject the fire extinguishing agent. Furthermore, before the fire extinguishing agent is injected, the flames and battery cell debris caused by the thermal runaway may affect adjacent battery cells or battery modules, causing secondary damage. Therefore, according to some embodiments, in the event of thermal runaway in a specific battery cell 33 in each battery rack 10, the structure of the tilted direct injection and the extended portion 13b of the extended subframe 13 can be used to block the ingress of debris into adjacent cells and the rear row, thereby preventing or reducing heat propagation.

[0092] In the following, reference will be made to Figures 6 to 9 The structure in which the fire extinguishing agent moves to the corners of the top cover 32 of the battery module 30 and then moves to the tops of the battery cells 33 to prevent or reduce secondary damage will be described in more detail.

[0093] refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 , the seating groove 13a may be formed on the sub-frame 13 of the battery rack 10 in the insertion direction of the battery module 30. The seating groove 13a may be formed along the row where the battery cells 33 are located, and the longitudinal direction of the seating groove 13a may correspond to the longitudinal direction of the injection pipe 330. According to some embodiments, a through hole through which the fire extinguishing agent can pass when the fire extinguishing agent is injected may be formed in the seating groove 13a.

[0094] refer to Figure 8 When an event occurs in a battery cell 33 in the battery module 30, battery cell debris may be ejected toward the injection pipe 330 and the sub-frame 13 (see dotted arrows). Therefore, according to some embodiments, the injection pipe 330 may be rotated toward the interior of the battery rack 10 so that the fire extinguishing agent is injected obliquely.

[0095] refer to Figure 8 and Figure 9 The injection pipe 330 can be rotatably arranged so that the injection hole 332 is positioned in a direction inclined relative to the battery module 30. The injection pipe 330 can be rotatably arranged so that the injection hole 332 is directed toward the interior of the battery rack 10 ( Figure 8 The injection pipe 330 is oriented in a rotational manner. This means that if the injection pipe 330 is placed in the seating groove 13a in a direction toward the through-opening 32a and / or the exhaust port of the battery cell 33, the direction of the injection hole 332 is rotated. The rotation angle of the injection pipe 330 will be described later.

[0096] According to some embodiments, the fire extinguishing agent may be ejected from the ejection hole 332 in a direction toward the inner edge of the seating groove 13a. The through hole of the seating groove 13a may be formed at a position corresponding to the direction toward the ejection hole 332. The through hole may be formed on the edge of the seating groove 13a (the upper surface of the battery module facing the interior of the battery rack) to correspond to the ejection direction of the fire extinguishing agent.

[0097] According to some embodiments, the fire extinguishing agent ejected from the injection hole 332 can be ejected in a straight line toward the through hole. The fire extinguishing agent ejected from the injection hole 332 can be ejected in a straight line from the through hole toward the top cover 32. According to some embodiments, the diameter of the injection hole 332 can be in a range of approximately 2 to 2.5 mm (a first range), and the second range of diameters can be approximately 1 to 4 mm. The distance between the injection hole 332 and the top cover 32 can be approximately 8 to 12 mm. According to some embodiments, because the size of the injection hole 332 through which the fire extinguishing agent is ejected is small and the distance from the injection hole 332 to the top cover 32 is short, it can be assumed that the fire extinguishing agent is ejected in a straight line rather than in a dispersed manner. The fire extinguishing agent ejected in a straight line may not only mean that the fire extinguishing agent is ejected at a size within the diameter of the injection hole 332, but also mean that the fire extinguishing agent is ejected within a certain range (e.g., less than approximately 1 mm) based on the diameter of the injection hole 332. The spray range may refer to the extent (size) of the fire extinguishing agent after the fire extinguishing agent sprayed from the spray hole 332 reaches the seating groove 13 a or the top cover 32 .

[0098] According to some embodiments, a plurality of through openings 32a may be formed in the top cover 32 of the battery module 30 to correspond to the positions of the exhaust ports of the battery cells 33. The through openings 32a may be formed through the top cover 32 located on the upper surface of the housing 31. The through openings 32a may be formed in the form of a circle, an ellipse, a long hole, a narrow and long slit, etc., and may be provided as one or more. Because the through openings 32a are formed to correspond to the positions of the exhaust ports of the battery cells 33, the fire extinguishing agent supplied through the injection pipe 330 can be supplied to the housing 31. The housing 31 may be provided with a bus bar bracket therein, and the bus bar bracket may be connected to the through opening 32a. The bus bar bracket may be positioned at a position corresponding to the exhaust port of each battery cell 33. The bus bar bracket may serve as a path (e.g., an exhaust channel) through which the fire extinguishing agent is injected. Therefore, the fire extinguishing agent sprayed obliquely from the spray hole 332 toward the inside of the battery rack 10 may be sprayed to a position of the top cover 32 other than the through-opening 32a, and then may flow into the through-hole to be supplied into the housing 31. According to some embodiments, the spray hole 332 of the spray pipe 330 is described as being rotationally arranged toward the inside of the battery rack 10, but according to some embodiments, the spray hole 332 of the spray pipe 330 may be rotationally arranged toward the outside of the battery rack 10.

[0099] As described above, the fire extinguishing agent injected obliquely from the injection holes 332 toward the interior of the battery rack 10 can be injected into locations of the top cover 32 other than the through-opening 32a, and then flow into the through-holes to be supplied to the housing 31, thereby reducing the possibility of the injection holes 332 being clogged with debris. In the event of thermal runaway in the battery cells 33, flames and debris could damage the injection pipes 330. To prevent or reduce such damage, the injection holes 332 can be arranged obliquely, thereby achieving effective fire extinguishing.

[0100] According to some embodiments, the sub-frame 13 may include an extension portion 13b extending from the seating groove 13a toward the inside of the battery rack 10 and formed in an insertion direction of the battery module 30. The extension portion 13b may be bent obliquely toward the top cover 32.

[0101] refer to Figure 9 According to some embodiments, because the sub-frame 13 may be squeezed by the battery module 30 and may sag, the battery rack 10 may be formed so that when the battery module 30 is inserted while the extension 13b and the top cover 32 are spaced apart from each other, the extension 13b and the top cover 32 contact each other. According to some embodiments, the bending angle A of the extension 13b may be set to an angle such that if the sub-frame 13 is squeezed by the battery module 30, the sub-frame 13 contacts the top cover 32. According to some embodiments, the length D from the center of the injection pipe 330 to the end of the extension 13b may be set to a length such that if the sub-frame 13 is squeezed by the battery module 30, the bent end of the sub-frame 13 contacts the top cover 32.

[0102] According to some embodiments, the maximum angle C (maximum spray angle of the fire extinguishing agent) at which the spray holes 332 are rotationally arranged can be based on a position in front of the through-opening 32a, so that the fire extinguishing agent is not sprayed into the through-opening 32a. The minimum angle B (minimum spray angle of the fire extinguishing agent) at which the spray holes 332 are rotationally arranged can be based on the upper surface of the top cover 32, so that the fire extinguishing agent is not sprayed outside the top cover 32. The minimum angle B at which the spray holes 332 are rotationally arranged can be based on a point F where the top cover 32 and the extension portion 13b contact each other, so that the fire extinguishing agent is not sprayed outside the top cover 32.

[0103] According to some embodiments, the fire extinguishing agent injection angle of the fire extinguishing agent injection may have a value between a minimum angle B and a maximum angle C. Therefore, the fire extinguishing agent may not be injected directly into the through opening 32a, but may be injected indirectly, thereby minimizing damage caused by flames and debris from the battery cell 33. The angle may be based on a horizontal line passing through the center of the injection pipe 330 (see FIG. Figure 9 ).

[0104] According to some embodiments, the spray angles B and C of the fire extinguishing agent from the spray hole 332 can be set based on at least one of the bending angle A of the extension portion 13b, the distance D from the center of the spray pipe 330 to the point F where the extension portion 13b and the top cover 32 contact each other, and the range E of the through-opening 32a of the top cover 32. According to some embodiments, the minimum spray angle B and the maximum spray angle C of the fire extinguishing agent can be determined after determining the bending angle A of the extension portion 13b, the distance D from the center of the spray pipe 330 to the point F where the extension portion 13b and the top cover 32 contact each other, and the range E of the through-opening 32a of the top cover 32 based on the design of the battery module 30 and the battery rack 10.

[0105] As described above, in the event of a thermal runaway in a specific battery cell 33 in each battery rack 10, the structure of the extended portion 13b of the sub-frame 13 can be used to block debris from entering the adjacent cells and the rear row by tilting the direct spray and extending the sub-frame 13, thereby preventing or reducing heat propagation. According to some embodiments, when an event occurs in a battery cell in the battery module 30, the fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed at an angle, thereby reducing the possibility of the spray hole 332 of the spray pipe 330 being blocked by debris. According to some embodiments, the space between the battery cell where the event occurred and the battery cells in the rear row can be blocked by the structure of the extended portion 13b, thereby preventing or reducing the situation where flames and debris affect the battery cells adjacent to it in the event of a thermal runaway.

[0106] According to some embodiments, the injection pipe 330 may be provided with a thermal member 334 configured to allow selective injection of the fire suppressant only in the event of a fire. Figure 10 , the injection pipe 330 may be provided with a plurality of thermal members 334. The thermal member 334 may wrap each of the plurality of injection holes 332 formed in the injection pipe 330 to prevent or reduce leakage of the fire extinguishing agent. One thermal member 334 may be configured to wrap one injection hole 332. The thermal member 334 may melt by the heat generated by the fire in the event of a fire to allow the injection hole 332 to open. If the injection hole 332 is open, the fire extinguishing agent injected through the injection pipe 330 may move to the top of the battery cell 33. To this end, the through opening 32a may be formed to correspond to the position of the exhaust port of each battery cell 33.

[0107] like Figure 11 and Figure 12As shown, the thermal member 334 may have a shape that completely surrounds the injection hole 332 and its periphery. According to some embodiments, the thermal member 334 may have a polyhedral body, a spherical body, or a hemispherical body. In some figures, the thermal member 334 is shown as a cubic shape, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The thermal member 334 may be manufactured to withstand the final injection pressure of the fire extinguishing agent (e.g., approximately 2 to 5 bar). The thermal member 334 may be melted by the heat discharged from the exhaust port of the battery cell 33 in the event of a fire in the battery cell 33 or by the flames or sparks generated by the fire. Therefore, in the event of a fire, the injection hole 332 may open so that the fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed into the fire area. According to some embodiments, the thermal member 334 may melt in the range of approximately 80°C to 250°C. 80°C may be the temperature at which the thermal member 334 begins to melt, and 250°C may be the temperature at which the thermal member 334 is completely melted. The material of the thermal member 334 may be determined by considering the temperature rise in the event of a fire in the battery module 30. For example, the heat member 334 may be made of a resin material such as ABS, PP, PC, PE, or PFA. The heat member 334 may be formed integrally with the injection pipe 330 by applying high injection pressure to the resin material.

[0108] By adjusting the thickness, material, and shape of thermal member 334, the time it takes for heat, flame, or sparks to melt thermal member 334, thereby opening spray hole 332, can be adjusted. For example, by forming a thin film portion 334a on the lower surface of thermal member 334 corresponding to the location of spray hole 332, the thickness of thermal member 334 near spray hole 332 can be thinner than other portions. Therefore, if heat is applied to thermal member 334, thin film portion 334a can melt faster than other portions, allowing the fire extinguishing agent to be sprayed quickly. According to some embodiments, assuming that the thickness of thermal member 334 near thin film portion 334a is approximately 1 mm, the thickness of thin film portion 334a can be within a range of approximately 0.3 to 0.6 mm (a first range). The second range of the thickness of thin film portion 334a can be approximately 0.2 to 0.9 mm.

[0109] According to some embodiments, a pair of spray holes 332 may be formed at each location where one heat member 334 is provided.

[0110] Figure 13 is an enlarged perspective view illustrating a portion of a lower surface of a spray pipe according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 14 It shows Figure 13 A plan view of a portion of the lower surface of the injection pipe is shown in FIG.

[0111] refer to Figure 13 and Figure 14Two injection holes 332' may be formed in the injection pipe 330', covered by a thin film portion 334a' of a thermal member 334'. The thin film portion 334a' may have a rib 334b' located between the two injection holes 332'. The rib 334b' may be formed to protrude from the surface of the thin film portion 334a' and may be thicker than the portion of the thin film portion 334a' where the injection holes 332' are formed. The rib 334b' may be formed to be thicker than the portion of the thin film portion 334a' on the injection hole 332' side to prevent or reduce melting of the portion between the two injection holes 332' before the injection holes 332' are opened. Therefore, when heat is applied to the thermal member 334', the thin film portion 334a' blocking the two injection holes 332a' may melt before the rib 334b', allowing the injection holes 332' to be opened and eject the fire extinguishing agent.

[0112] A fire extinguishing process of the fire extinguishing system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure having the above-described configuration will be described (for convenience, the description is based on the reference numerals of the first embodiment).

[0113] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram briefly illustrating a fire extinguishing process according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0114] refer to Figures 1 to 15 , a fire may have occurred in a battery cell 33 in a particular battery module 30. An injection pipe 330, through which a fire extinguishing agent is injected, may be connected to each battery module 30, and a first sensor 510 configured to sense a fire may be provided in the battery module 30. If the temperature in the battery module 30 rises due to the heat generated by the fire, the first sensor 510 may sense this. If the first sensor 510 senses a fire, a fire sensing signal may be transmitted to the controller 150 via the battery management system (BMS) of the battery module 30 (the signal may be transmitted in various ways, such as wireless communication or electrical signal transmission via contacts). If the controller 150 senses a fire via the first sensor 510, it may open the main valve 130 of the agent container 110. The fire extinguishing agent discharged from the agent container 110 may be adjusted to a final injection pressure by the regulator 140 and may be discharged. The discharged fire extinguishing agent may be transported along the main pipe 310 and the branch pipe 320.

[0115] Flames and heat may be generated in a battery cell 33 that has caught fire, and these flames and heat may cause the thermal member 334 of the adjacent injection pipe 330 to melt. If the thermal member 334 melts and the injection holes 332 open, the pressure in that area may decrease, allowing the fire extinguishing agent to move toward the injection pipe 330 with the open injection holes 332 based on the pressure gradient. As a result, the fire extinguishing agent can be supplied to the battery cell 33 where the fire has occurred and sprayed into the fire area. Because the fire is extinguished by spraying the fire extinguishing agent, the spread of the fire to adjacent battery modules can be prevented or reduced.

[0116] In addition to the above-mentioned fire sensing by sensors, fire monitoring can also be performed by smoke sensing.

[0117] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram briefly illustrating a fire extinguishing system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0118] refer to Figure 16 , multiple second sensors 520 can be installed on the battery rack 10. The second sensors 520 can be used in combination with the first sensors 510, or only the second sensors 520 can be used without the first sensors 510. Considering the rising nature of smoke, the second sensors 520 can be installed in the upper area D of the battery rack 10. However, because a large amount of smoke can not only rise but also spread around the fire area, the second sensors 520 can also be installed in the lower area E of the battery rack 10 for further sensing. According to some embodiments, one second sensor 520 can be installed in the upper area D of each battery rack 10, and one second sensor 520 can be installed between two battery racks 10 in the lower area E. According to some embodiments, one second sensor 520 can be installed in the upper area D of each battery rack 10, and one or two second sensors 520 can be installed between two battery racks 10 in the lower area E.

[0119] As is apparent from the foregoing description, the fire extinguishing system according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can quickly suppress and extinguish fires that may occur due to ground faults, short circuits, and other factors within and outside the energy storage system, while minimizing the spread of fire. This can protect expensive energy storage systems and improve customer reliability.

[0120] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the event of thermal runaway of a specific battery cell in each battery rack, the fire extinguishing agent can be directly sprayed in an oblique direction, thereby reducing the possibility of the spray holes in the spray pipe being blocked by debris, thereby achieving effective fire extinguishing.

[0121] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the space between the battery cell where an event has occurred and the battery cells in the rear row can be blocked by extending the structure of the extended portion of the subframe, thereby preventing or reducing the introduction of debris into the battery cells adjacent thereto, and thus preventing or reducing heat propagation.

[0122] The effects of the present disclosure are not limited to those described above, and other unmentioned technical effects will be apparent to those skilled in the art through the above description of the disclosed embodiments.

[0123] The above description and corresponding figures illustrate and describe aspects of some embodiments of a fire extinguishing system for implementing an energy storage system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments, and the technical spirit of the present disclosure is that any person skilled in the art to which the present disclosure belongs can make various modifications without departing from the main purpose of the present disclosure as claimed in the claims. Although the present disclosure has been described above with reference to limited embodiments and drawings, the present disclosure is not limited thereby, and any person skilled in the art to which the present disclosure belongs can make various modifications and variations within the technical concept of the present disclosure and the scope of equivalents of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fire extinguishing system for an energy storage system, the energy storage system comprising a plurality of battery racks, each configured to receive a plurality of battery modules, the fire extinguishing system comprising: a sensing unit configured to sense at least one of a temperature, a voltage, and smoke of each of the plurality of battery modules; as well as a fire extinguishing unit configured to spray a fire extinguishing agent into a battery module among the plurality of battery modules based on at least one of the values ​​sensed by the sensing unit being higher than a preset threshold, wherein: The fire extinguishing unit includes a spray pipe connected to the top of the battery module, the spray pipe being configured to allow the fire extinguishing agent to be sprayed therethrough, A plurality of injection holes are formed through the injection pipe to correspond to positions of a plurality of battery cells of the battery module, and The spray pipe is rotationally arranged so that the plurality of spray holes are arranged in a direction inclined with respect to the battery module.

2. The fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, wherein the battery module includes a top cover having a plurality of through openings formed to correspond to positions of the exhaust holes of the plurality of battery cells, and The plurality of through openings are formed through the top cover.

3. The fire suppression system of claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of battery racks comprises: a main frame having tubes mounted thereon; as well as A sub-frame is configured to support the battery module, the sub-frame having a seating groove formed therein, the injection pipe being seated in the seating groove, and the sub-frame including an extension portion extending from the seating groove toward the interior of the battery rack, the extension portion being formed in an insertion direction of the battery module. 4 . The fire extinguishing system according to claim 3 , wherein the extension portion is bent in a direction inclined with respect to a direction toward the top cover.

5. The fire extinguishing system according to claim 3, wherein: A through hole is formed in the seating groove, the through hole being configured to allow the fire extinguishing agent sprayed from the spray holes among the plurality of spray holes to pass therethrough, and The through hole is formed at a position corresponding to a direction toward the injection hole. 6 . The fire extinguishing system according to claim 5 , wherein the fire extinguishing system is configured to spray the fire extinguishing agent from the spray hole in a straight line toward the through hole. 7 . The fire extinguishing system according to claim 5 , wherein the fire extinguishing system is configured to spray the fire extinguishing agent from the spray hole in a straight line from the through hole toward the top cover.

8. The fire extinguishing system according to claim 3, wherein the battery rack is formed such that when the battery module is inserted in a state in which the extending portion and the top cover are spaced apart from each other, the extending portion and the top cover are in contact with each other. 9 . The fire extinguishing system according to claim 8 , wherein a bending angle of the extension portion is set to an angle such that the sub-frame contacts the top cover based on the sub-frame being pressed by the battery module.

10. The fire extinguishing system according to claim 8, wherein a length from a center of the spray pipe to an end of the extension portion is set to a length such that a bent end of the subframe contacts the top cover based on the subframe being pressed by the battery module.

11. The fire extinguishing system according to claim 3, wherein a spray angle of the fire extinguishing agent from a spray hole among the plurality of spray holes is set based on at least one of a bending angle of the extension portion, a distance from a center of the spray pipe to a point where the extension portion and the top cover contact each other, and a range of a through-opening among the plurality of through-openings of the top cover.

12. The fire extinguishing system according to claim 3, wherein a maximum angle at which the spray holes among the plurality of spray holes are rotationally arranged is based on a position in front of a through opening among the plurality of through openings so that the fire extinguishing agent is not sprayed to the through opening. 13 . The fire extinguishing system according to claim 3 , wherein a minimum angle at which the spray holes among the plurality of spray holes are rotationally arranged is based on an upper surface of the top cover so that the fire extinguishing agent is not sprayed outside the top cover.

14. The fire extinguishing system according to claim 3, wherein a minimum angle at which the spray holes among the plurality of spray holes are rotationally arranged is based on a point at which the top cover and the extension portion contact each other so that the fire extinguishing agent is not sprayed outside the top cover. 15 . The fire extinguishing system according to claim 1 , wherein the spray holes of the plurality of spray holes of the spray pipe are rotationally arranged toward an interior of the battery rack.

16. The fire extinguishing system according to claim 2, wherein a distance from a spray hole among the plurality of spray holes to the top cover is in a range of 8 mm to 12 mm.

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