Thin-wall special-shaped part machining tool and machining method

Abstract

The invention discloses a thin-wall special-shaped part machining tool and method, and relates to the technical field of machining, the thin-wall special-shaped part machining tool comprises a core shaft and a pressing ring, a through hole is formed in the center of the core shaft in the axial direction, and a convex ring is arranged in the middle of the outer wall of the core shaft in the circumferential direction; a plurality of tongue piece avoiding grooves are evenly distributed in the outer wall of the end face, connected with the pressing ring, of the mandrel, the width A of each tongue piece avoiding groove is matched with the width a of an inner tongue piece of a through shaft locking piece, and the outer diameter of the end face is matched with an inner hole of the through shaft locking piece. Compared with the prior art, the thin-wall special-shaped part to be machined can be stably limited between the convex ring and the pressing ring of the mandrel, the problem of dimensional deviation or overall deformation caused by workpiece looseness in the machining process is effectively solved, and the machining precision is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mechanical processing, in particular to a tool and method for processing thin-walled special-shaped parts. Background Art

[0002] In automotive transmission systems, axles, as core components, carry out critical functions such as transmitting power, supporting the vehicle body, and enabling driving and braking. Their performance and reliability directly impact the overall operation of the vehicle. As a key component in the axle system, through-axle locking plates play an irreplaceable role in ensuring stable axle operation.

[0003] The through-shaft locking piece is a thin-walled part with a design thickness of 2 mm. An inner tongue piece 100 is provided at the inner hole 102 of the part, and 12-18 outer tongue pieces 101 are evenly distributed on the outer ring. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this structural design is fundamental to its functionality. The through-axle locking plate works in conjunction with the nut on the axle, preventing the nut from loosening through a bidirectional rotational restraint mechanism. Once the nut and the through-axle locking plate are locked in place, they effectively limit the nut's position, preventing it from loosening due to vibration and other factors during driving, thereby ensuring a stable connection between the axle's components. This design also facilitates subsequent disassembly, maintenance, and repair, reducing maintenance effort.

[0004] During assembly, the through-shaft locking plate needs to be installed in a specific position on the bridge housing assembly, and this position has obvious spatial limitations. In order to adapt to this spatial constraint and ensure that the part can be assembled smoothly and perform its due functions, it is necessary to match the requirements of the installation space by changing its outer diameter, which further increases the complexity of the design and manufacturing of the part. Due to the special-shaped structure, thin material and low strength of the through-shaft locking plate, deformation problems are very likely to occur during the processing process. This will not only affect the dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy of the part, resulting in it being unable to meet the assembly requirements, but may also reduce the performance and service life of the part, and thus have an adverse effect on the reliability of the axle system. At the same time, the need to change the outer diameter according to the assembly space also places higher requirements on the processing process. To this end, designing a tooling and processing method with a structure that can meet the processing requirements of the through-shaft locking plate and keep it from deforming as a whole during the processing process has become the key to solving the above problems and ensuring the quality of the parts. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One of the problems to be solved by the present invention is to provide a thin-walled special-shaped part processing tool that can meet the processing requirements of a through-shaft locking piece and keep the through-shaft locking piece from being deformed as a whole during the processing.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: this thin-walled special-shaped parts processing tooling includes a core shaft and a pressure ring, the center part of the core shaft is provided with a through hole along the axial direction, and a convex ring is provided circumferentially in the middle part of the outer wall of the core shaft, and the outer wall of the end face of the core shaft connected to the pressure ring is evenly distributed with a plurality of tongue avoidance grooves, the width A of the tongue avoidance groove is adapted to the width a of the inner tongue of the through-shaft locking plate, and the outer diameter of the end face is adapted to the inner hole of the through-shaft locking plate; the width B of the crimping end of the pressure ring is adapted to the width b of the convex ring.

[0007] In the above technical solution of the thin-walled special-shaped parts processing tooling, a more specific technical solution may also be: the length H of the tongue avoidance groove is greater than or equal to the length h of the inner tongue of the through-shaft locking piece.

[0008] In some possible implementation schemes, the distance L between the end face of the core shaft provided with the tongue avoidance groove and the end face of the convex ring is equal to the length H of the tongue avoidance groove.

[0009] In some possible implementation schemes, the inner side of the crimping end of the pressure ring is a hollow cavity, wherein the diameter of the cavity is equal to the inner hole diameter of the through-shaft locking plate.

[0010] In some possible implementation schemes, the pressure ring is provided with a pressure ring through hole in its central axial direction, and the pressure ring through hole corresponds to the through hole of the core shaft, and the pressure ring and the core shaft are fixed by bolts.

[0011] The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a processing method for thin-walled special-shaped parts processing tooling, the processing method comprising the following steps: A. Align the inner tongue of the through-shaft locking plate with the tongue avoidance groove on the end face of the core shaft to ensure that the inner tongue can be smoothly inserted into the groove; then, insert the locking plate through its inner hole onto the shaft end with the tongue avoidance groove on the core shaft, and push the through-shaft locking plate until its back side is completely in contact with the side of the convex ring of the core shaft to avoid any gap that affects subsequent positioning; B. Install the remaining through-shaft locking plates onto the mandrel in the same manner as in step A. When installing, ensure that the inner tongues of each locking plate fit into different tongue-avoidance grooves on the mandrel, achieving staggered installation. This prevents interference between the inner tongues and improves the overall rigidity of the locking plate during subsequent processing. C. Align the crimping end of the pressure ring with the front surface of the clamped through-shaft locking plate, ensuring that the hollow cavity of the pressure ring matches the inner hole position of the through-shaft locking plate. Then, insert the pressure ring into the shaft end with the tongue avoidance groove on the core shaft until the crimping end of the pressure ring is close to the surface of the through-shaft locking plate. D. Use a bolt to pass through the center hole of the pressure ring and extend it into the center hole of the core shaft. Fix the pressure ring and the core shaft through threaded connection and tighten the bolt. During the tightening process, observe whether the pressure ring is tightly fitted with the through-shaft locking piece. At the same time, ensure that there is no gap between each through-shaft locking piece and between the through-shaft locking piece and the side of the core shaft convex ring. In this way, the overall rigidity is enhanced by mutual compression to prevent loosening during processing. E. After completing the clamping and tightening, the outer circle of the outer tongue of the through-shaft locking plate is turned. During the processing, with the help of the overall rigidity formed by the close contact between multiple through-shaft locking plates, the outer circle processing method adopts the left and right feed directions and is carried out separately. That is, first feed from the left / right side to the middle reference line, and then feed from the right / left side to the middle reference line. The radial force is dispersed through symmetrical turning to avoid bending deformation of thin-walled workpieces due to unidirectional force.

[0012] In some possible implementation schemes, in step B, after the multiple pieces of the through-shaft locking plates are respectively embedded in different tongue avoidance grooves on the core shaft, the second layer of through-shaft locking plates is clamped on the core shaft. The clamping method is the same as step B. The multiple pieces of the through-shaft locking plates are staggered and superimposed on each other, and the inner tongues of two pieces of the through-shaft locking plates are superimposed in the same tongue avoidance groove.

[0013] In some possible implementation schemes, in step B, after the second layer of the through-shaft locking plate is clamped on the core shaft, the nth layer of the through-shaft locking plate is clamped on the core shaft. The clamping method is the same as that in step B. Multiple through-shaft locking plates are staggered and superimposed on each other, and n inner tongue plates of the through-shaft locking plates are superimposed in the same tongue avoidance groove; the n is 3 to 6.

[0014] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: 1. Since the convex ring in the middle of the outer wall of the core shaft is adapted to the width of the crimping end of the pressure ring, and the outer diameter of the core shaft end face is adapted to the inner hole of the through-shaft locking plate, the thin-walled special-shaped parts to be processed can be stably confined between the convex ring and the pressure ring of the core shaft, effectively avoiding dimensional deviation caused by loosening of the workpiece during processing and significantly improving processing accuracy.

[0015] 2. Since the tongue avoidance groove is evenly distributed on the end face of the core shaft, its width is adapted to the width of the tongue inside the through-shaft locking plate, and its length is greater than or equal to the length of the inner tongue. This design can accommodate the inner tongue structure of the workpiece, preventing the inner tongue from being squeezed or damaged during clamping or processing, thereby ensuring the structural integrity of the workpiece.

[0016] 3. Since the core shaft and the pressure ring are fixed by bolts, and corresponding through holes are provided in the centers of both, it not only provides space for bolt connection, but also can realize auxiliary positioning and connection of tooling and processing equipment through the through holes according to actual processing requirements, thereby enhancing the flexibility and stability of tooling use. At the same time, the position setting of the tongue avoidance groove on the core shaft further optimizes the placement space of the workpiece, making the installation of the workpiece more convenient and the positioning more accurate.

[0017] 4. Effectively improves the processing quality and efficiency of thin-walled, special-shaped parts. Through stable clamping and precise positioning, vibration, displacement and other problems during processing are reduced, reducing scrap rates. The adaptive structural design and convenient installation method also shorten the workpiece clamping time and improve overall processing efficiency, making it suitable for mass production scenarios.

[0018] 5. When this tooling is used for processing, the overall rigidity formed by the staggered installation of multiple locking plates, combined with the left and right separate processing method towards the center in step E, can greatly disperse the processing stress generated during turning. By dispersing the radial force through symmetrical turning, the thin-walled workpiece can be prevented from bending and deformation due to unidirectional force. In particular, it can ensure that the outer tongue piece maintains a stable shape during the processing process, thereby ensuring the dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy of the outer circle of the outer tongue piece and reducing the scrap rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the through-shaft locking plate.

[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 AA cross-sectional view.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic half-section view of the structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the core shaft of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention for clamping the first through-shaft locking plate.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of the second through-shaft locking plate for staggered clamping according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of the third through-shaft locking piece for staggered clamping according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the processing direction of the present invention.

[0028] Description of the marks in the figure: Core shaft 1, convex ring 1-1, tongue avoidance groove 1-2, pressure ring 2, through hole 3, pressure ring 4, bolt 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention easier to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to fully understand the present invention, but the present invention can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0030] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integral connection; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two components or interaction between two components, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0031] like Figure 3-Figure 5The embodiment shown in the figure proposes a tool for processing thin-walled special-shaped parts, including a core shaft 1 and a pressure ring 2. A through hole 3 is opened in the axial direction at the center of the core shaft, and a convex ring 1-1 is circumferentially provided in the middle of the outer wall of the core shaft. The width B of the crimping end of the pressure ring 2 is adapted to the width b of the convex ring 2. When the workpiece is clamped, the convex ring can provide a stable supporting surface for the thin-walled special-shaped part. It cooperates with the pressure ring to limit the thin-walled special-shaped part to be processed between the two, forming an effective clamping, preventing the thin-walled special-shaped part from axial movement during the processing, avoiding dimensional deviation due to loosening, and significantly improving the processing accuracy; the outer wall of the end face where the core shaft is connected to the pressure ring 2 is evenly distributed with There are multiple tongue avoidance grooves 1-2, the width A of the tongue avoidance groove is adapted to the width a of the inner tongue 100 of the through-shaft locking plate, which can accurately accommodate the inner tongue and prevent the inner tongue from being squeezed and damaged during clamping and processing; the outer diameter of the end face with the tongue avoidance groove 1-2 is adapted to the inner hole 102 of the through-shaft locking plate; the length H of the tongue avoidance groove 1-2 is greater than or equal to the length h of the inner tongue 100 of the through-shaft locking plate, which can further ensure that the inner tongue is fully inserted and will not be deformed due to insufficient space. Moreover, the tongue avoidance groove has a pulling effect on the inner tongue of the locking plate, which can assist in positioning the inner tongue, prevent the workpiece from shaking at will during processing, and enhance the stability of processing. The distance L between the end face of the core shaft 1 provided with the tongue avoidance groove 1-2 and the end face of the convex ring 1-1 is equal to the length H of the tongue avoidance groove. The tongue avoidance groove 1-2 is opened to the end of the core shaft. This design provides sufficient space for the placement of the workpiece, so that the inner tongue has a suitable position in the tongue avoidance groove, and the workpiece will not be improperly installed due to cramped space, thereby ensuring the accuracy of workpiece clamping, which is conducive to improving the processing accuracy; the inner side of the crimping end of the pressure ring 2 is a hollow cavity, wherein the diameter of the cavity is equal to the diameter of the inner hole 102 of the through-shaft locking plate; the center axis of the pressure ring 2 is provided with a pressure ring through hole 4, which corresponds to the through hole 3 of the core shaft 1, and the pressure ring 4 is fixed to the core shaft 1 by bolts 5.

[0032] like Figure 6-Figure 9 As shown, the processing method includes the following steps: A. Align the inner tongue of the through-shaft locking plate with the tongue avoidance groove on the end face of the core shaft to ensure that the inner tongue can be smoothly inserted into the groove; then, insert the locking plate through its inner hole onto the shaft end with the tongue avoidance groove on the core shaft, and push the through-shaft locking plate until its back side is completely in contact with the side of the convex ring of the core shaft to avoid any gap that affects subsequent positioning; B. Install the remaining through-shaft locking plates onto the mandrel in the same manner as in step A. When installing, ensure that the inner tongues of each locking plate fit into different tongue-avoidance grooves on the mandrel, achieving staggered installation. This prevents interference between the inner tongues and improves the overall rigidity of the locking plate during subsequent processing. C. Align the crimping end of the pressure ring with the front surface of the clamped through-shaft locking plate, ensuring that the hollow cavity of the pressure ring matches the inner hole position of the through-shaft locking plate. Then, insert the pressure ring into the shaft end with the tongue avoidance groove on the core shaft until the crimping end of the pressure ring is close to the surface of the through-shaft locking plate. D. Use a bolt to pass through the center hole of the pressure ring and extend it into the center hole of the core shaft. Fix the pressure ring and the core shaft through threaded connection and tighten the bolt. During the tightening process, observe whether the pressure ring is tightly fitted with the through-shaft locking piece. At the same time, ensure that there is no gap between each through-shaft locking piece and between the through-shaft locking piece and the side of the core shaft convex ring. In this way, the overall rigidity is enhanced by mutual compression to prevent loosening during processing. E. After completing the clamping and tightening, the outer circle of the outer tongue of the through-shaft locking plate is turned. During the processing, with the help of the overall rigidity formed by the close contact between multiple through-shaft locking plates, the outer circle processing method adopts the left and right feed directions and is carried out separately. That is, first feed from the left / right side to the middle reference line, and then feed from the right / left side to the middle reference line. The radial force is dispersed through symmetrical turning to avoid bending deformation of thin-walled workpieces due to unidirectional force.

[0033] In other embodiments, in step B, after the multiple through-shaft locking plates are respectively embedded in different tongue avoidance grooves on the core shaft, the second layer of through-shaft locking plates is clamped on the core shaft. The clamping method is the same as step B. The multiple through-shaft locking plates are staggered and superimposed on each other, and the inner tongue plates of two through-shaft locking plates are superimposed in the same tongue avoidance groove.

[0034] The core shaft can be clamped to six layers of through-shaft locking plates, and multiple through-shaft locking plates are staggered and superimposed on each other. At least six inner tongues of the through-shaft locking plates are superimposed in the same tongue avoidance groove.

[0035] The present invention may be subject to various changes and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tool for processing thin-walled special-shaped parts, characterized by: It includes a core shaft and a pressure ring. A through hole is opened in the central part of the core shaft along the axial direction. A convex ring is circumferentially provided in the middle part of the outer wall of the core shaft. The outer wall of the end face of the core shaft connected to the pressure ring is evenly distributed with multiple tongue avoidance grooves. The width A of the tongue avoidance groove is adapted to the width a of the inner tongue of the through-shaft locking plate, and the outer diameter of the end face is adapted to the inner hole of the through-shaft locking plate; the width B of the crimping end of the pressure ring is adapted to the width b of the convex ring.

2. The thin-walled special-shaped parts processing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length H of the tongue avoidance groove is greater than or equal to the length h of the inner tongue of the through-shaft locking plate.

3. The thin-walled special-shaped parts processing tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The distance L between the end face of the core shaft provided with the tongue avoidance groove and the end face of the convex ring is equal to the length H of the tongue avoidance groove.

4. The tooling for processing thin-walled special-shaped parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner side of the crimping end of the pressure ring is a hollow cavity, wherein the diameter of the cavity is equal to the inner hole diameter of the through-shaft locking plate.

5. The tooling for processing thin-walled special-shaped parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The center axial direction of the pressure ring is provided with a pressure ring through hole, and the pressure ring through hole corresponds to the through hole of the core shaft. The pressure ring and the core shaft are fixed by bolts.

6. The tooling for processing thin-walled special-shaped parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The center axial direction of the pressure ring is provided with a pressure ring through hole, and the pressure ring through hole corresponds to the through hole of the core shaft. The pressure ring and the core shaft are fixed by bolts.

7. A method for processing a thin-walled special-shaped part processing tool as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The processing method includes the following steps: A. Align the inner tongue of the through-shaft locking plate with the tongue avoidance groove on the end face of the core shaft to ensure that the inner tongue can be smoothly inserted into the groove; then, insert the locking plate through its inner hole onto the shaft end with the tongue avoidance groove on the core shaft, and push the through-shaft locking plate until its back side is completely in contact with the side of the convex ring of the core shaft to avoid any gap that affects subsequent positioning; B. Install the remaining through-shaft locking plates onto the mandrel in the same manner as in step A. When installing, ensure that the inner tongues of each locking plate fit into different tongue-avoidance grooves on the mandrel, achieving staggered installation. This prevents interference between the inner tongues and improves the overall rigidity of the locking plate during subsequent processing. C. Align the crimping end of the pressure ring with the front surface of the clamped through-shaft locking plate, ensuring that the hollow cavity of the pressure ring matches the inner hole position of the through-shaft locking plate. Then, insert the pressure ring into the shaft end with the tongue avoidance groove on the core shaft until the crimping end of the pressure ring is close to the surface of the through-shaft locking plate. D. Use a bolt to pass through the center hole of the pressure ring and extend it into the center hole of the core shaft. Fix the pressure ring and the core shaft through threaded connection and tighten the bolt. During the tightening process, observe whether the pressure ring is tightly fitted with the through-shaft locking piece. At the same time, ensure that there is no gap between each through-shaft locking piece and between the through-shaft locking piece and the side of the core shaft convex ring. In this way, the overall rigidity is enhanced by mutual compression to prevent loosening during processing. E. After completing the clamping and tightening, the outer circle of the outer tongue of the through-shaft locking plate is turned. During the processing, with the help of the overall rigidity formed by the close contact between multiple through-shaft locking plates, the outer circle processing method adopts the left and right feed directions and is carried out separately. That is, first feed from the left / right side to the middle reference line, and then feed from the right / left side to the middle reference line. The radial force is dispersed through symmetrical turning to avoid bending deformation of thin-walled workpieces due to unidirectional force.

8. The method for processing thin-walled special-shaped parts according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step B, after the multiple pieces of the through-shaft locking plates are respectively embedded in different tongue avoidance grooves on the core shaft, the second layer of through-shaft locking plates are clamped on the core shaft. The clamping method is the same as step B. The multiple pieces of the through-shaft locking plates are staggered and superimposed on each other, and the inner tongues of two pieces of the through-shaft locking plates are superimposed in the same tongue avoidance groove.

9. The processing method of the thin-walled special-shaped parts processing tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step B, after the second layer of the through-shaft locking plate is clamped on the core shaft, the nth layer of the through-shaft locking plate is clamped on the core shaft. The clamping method is the same as that in step B. Multiple through-shaft locking plates are staggered and superimposed on each other, and n inner tongues of the through-shaft locking plates are superimposed in the same tongue avoidance groove; n is 3 to 6.

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