Glaze, photovoltaic glass and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention discloses a glaze material, which comprises a fluxing agent, varnish and a pigment, and the fluxing agent comprises the following raw materials: SiO2, Na2O, B2O3, SrO2 and Bi2O3. When the photovoltaic glass prepared from the glaze is applied to a photovoltaic module, the glaze does not easily fall off and has excellent stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic materials, and in particular relates to glazes, photovoltaic glass and photovoltaic modules. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing popularity of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), markets like Europe, the US, and Japan are placing higher demands on the architectural integration of rooftop photovoltaic modules. Traditional local buildings often feature black roof tiles, making traditional silver-framed, white-bottomed photovoltaic modules difficult to match due to their contrasting color. All-black photovoltaic modules, with their pure black appearance, blend seamlessly with the architectural style, becoming the preferred choice for high-end residential and commercial projects. Black-glazed glass, a primary component of all-black photovoltaic modules, is produced by coating the glass surface with a black glaze. Currently, the glaze on black-glazed glass used in photovoltaic modules on the market is prone to detachment, resulting in poor stability and hindering market adoption. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention provides a glaze, a photovoltaic glass, and a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic glass prepared from the glaze does not easily fall off when used in a photovoltaic module, and has excellent stability.

[0004] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A glaze comprises a flux, varnish and a pigment, wherein the flux comprises the following raw materials: SiO2, Na2O, B2O3, SrO2 and Bi2O3.

[0006] In some embodiments of the present invention, the glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: flux: 45-70 parts; varnish: 10-25 parts; pigment: 5-20 parts.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present invention, the percentage of each raw material in the flux is as follows: SiO2: 45wt%-55wt%; Na2O: 13wt%-20wt%; B2O3: 10wt%-20wt%; SrO2: 13.5wt%-14wt%; Bi2O3: 3wt%-3.5wt%.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present invention, the content of SrO2 in the flux is 13.8 wt% and the content of Bi2O3 in the flux is 3.2 wt%.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, the varnish includes a solvent, a resin, and a dispersant.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the percentages of the raw materials in the varnish are as follows: solvent: 40 wt%-70 wt%; resin: 2 wt%-15 wt%; dispersant: 15 wt%-40 wt%.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, the solvent is water.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the dispersant is isopropyl alcohol.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the resin is one of epoxy resin, alkyd resin, PVB resin and polyurethane resin.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the resin is a polyurethane resin and the content of the polyurethane resin in the varnish is 4.5 wt %.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, the varnish is prepared by mixing a solvent and a dispersant and stirring the mixture evenly, then adding the resin and stirring the mixture until the resin is completely dissolved, thereby obtaining the varnish.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, the percentage of each raw material in the pigment is as follows: titanium dioxide: 5wt%; copper powder: 55wt%; chromium powder: 40wt%.

[0017] The method for preparing the glaze as described above comprises the following steps: mixing a flux, varnish and a pigment and then grinding the mixture.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, the grinding refers to ball milling in a ball mill at a speed of 300-500 r / min for 6-10 hours, and sampling every 2 hours to obtain a black glaze.

[0019] A photovoltaic glass is prepared by coating the above-mentioned glaze on the glass surface.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present invention, the preparation method of the photovoltaic glass is: the glaze is evenly coated on the surface of the original glass with a roller coater, and then the original glass with the glaze on the surface is placed in a 150-200°C drying oven for curing for 10-20 minutes. After the solvent is completely evaporated, it is placed in a 600-750°C muffle furnace for tempering for 3-10 minutes to obtain photovoltaic glass.

[0021] A photovoltaic module comprises the photovoltaic glass described above.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] The photovoltaic glass prepared by the glaze of the present invention will not fall off easily when used in photovoltaic modules, and at the same time has good power generation efficiency, thereby taking into account excellent stability and power generation efficiency, which is conducive to promotion in the market. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0025] Example 1:

[0026] A glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: flux: 45 parts; varnish: 10 parts; pigment: 5 parts; the raw materials in the flux and the percentage of the raw materials in the flux are: SiO2: 53.5wt%; Na2O: 20wt%; B2O3: 10wt%; SrO2: 13.5wt%; Bi2O3: 3wt%; the raw materials in the varnish and the percentage of the raw materials in the varnish are: water: 70wt%; epoxy resin: 15wt%; isopropyl alcohol: 15wt%; the varnish is prepared by mixing water and isopropyl alcohol, stirring evenly, then adding epoxy resin and stirring until the epoxy resin is completely dissolved to obtain the varnish; the raw materials in the pigment and the percentage of the raw materials in the pigment are: titanium dioxide: 5wt%; copper powder: 55wt%; chromium powder: 40wt%.

[0027] The preparation method of the glaze as described above comprises the following steps: mixing flux, varnish and pigment, and then ball milling them in a ball mill at a speed of 300 r / min for 10 hours, sampling every 2 hours to obtain a black glaze.

[0028] A photovoltaic glass, the preparation method of which is: using a roller coater to evenly apply the glaze as described above on the surface of the original glass, then placing the original glass with the glaze on the surface in a 150°C drying oven for curing for 20 minutes, and after the solvent is completely volatilized, placing it in a 600°C muffle furnace for tempering for 10 minutes to obtain the photovoltaic glass.

[0029] A photovoltaic module comprises the photovoltaic glass described above.

[0030] Example 2:

[0031] A glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: flux: 70 parts; varnish: 25 parts; pigment: 20 parts; the raw materials in the flux and their percentages in the flux are as follows: SiO2: 45wt%; Na2O: 17.5wt%; B2O3: 20wt%; SrO2: 14wt%; Bi2O3: 3.5wt%; the raw materials in the varnish and their percentages in the varnish are as follows: water: 55wt%; alkyd resin: 5wt%; isopropyl alcohol: 40wt%; the varnish is prepared by mixing water and isopropyl alcohol, stirring evenly, then adding alkyd resin and stirring until the alkyd resin is completely dissolved to obtain the varnish; the raw materials in the pigment and their percentages in the pigment are as follows: titanium dioxide: 5wt%; copper powder: 55wt%; chromium powder: 40wt%.

[0032] The preparation method of the glaze as described above comprises the following steps: mixing flux, varnish and pigment, and then ball milling them in a ball mill at a speed of 500 r / min for 6 hours, sampling every 2 hours to obtain a black glaze.

[0033] A photovoltaic glass, the preparation method of which is as follows: using a roller coater to evenly apply the glaze as described above on the surface of the original glass, then placing the original glass with the glaze on the surface in a 200°C drying oven for curing for 10 minutes, and after the solvent is completely volatilized, placing it in a 750°C muffle furnace for tempering for 3 minutes to obtain the photovoltaic glass.

[0034] A photovoltaic module comprises the photovoltaic glass described above.

[0035] Example 3:

[0036] A glaze comprises the following raw materials in the following percentages: a flux: 66 parts; varnish: 20 parts; and a pigment: 14 parts. The flux comprises the following raw materials: SiO2, Na2O, B2O3, SrO2, and Bi2O3; the varnish comprises the following raw materials: water, resin, and isopropyl alcohol. The varnish is prepared by mixing water and isopropyl alcohol, stirring the mixture evenly, and then adding the resin and stirring until the resin is completely dissolved to obtain the varnish. The raw materials in the pigment and their percentages in the pigment are as follows: titanium dioxide: 5wt%; copper powder: 55wt%; and chromium powder: 40wt%.

[0037] The preparation method of the glaze as described above comprises the following steps: mixing flux, varnish and pigment, and then ball milling them in a ball mill at a speed of 400 r / min for 8 hours, sampling every 2 hours to obtain a black glaze.

[0038] A photovoltaic glass, the preparation method of which is: using a roller coater to evenly apply the glaze as described above on the surface of the original glass, then placing the original glass with the glaze on the surface in a 180°C drying oven for curing for 15 minutes, and after the solvent is completely volatilized, placing it in a 700°C muffle furnace for tempering for 5 minutes to obtain the photovoltaic glass.

[0039] A photovoltaic module comprises the photovoltaic glass described above.

[0040] (1) First, the content of Bi2O3 and SrO2 is set to control the impact resistance and weather resistance of the black glazed photovoltaic glass. When other components and process parameters remain unchanged, the weight percentage of the specific components of the flux is controlled as shown in Table 1 below:

[0041] Table 1.

[0042] serial number <![CDATA[SiO2]]> <![CDATA[Na2O]]> <![CDATA[B2O3]]> <![CDATA[Bi2O3]]> <![CDATA[SrO2]]> H001 52％ 16％ 15％ 1.2％ 15.8％ H002 52％ 16％ 15％ 2.2％ 14.8％ H003 52％ 16％ 15％ 3.2％ 13.8％ H004 52％ 16％ 15％ 4.2％ 12.8％

[0043] By adjusting the content of Bi2O3 and SrO2, the specific performance analysis is as follows:

[0044] 1) Adhesion: Select three points on the coating and use a scriber with a 1mm interval to make a 10mm*10mm horizontal and vertical grid. The scratches should be deep enough to reach the original glass surface. After removing the scratched object, use tape to stick to the scratched surface of the coating and quickly pull it up in a 90° direction. Repeat 5 times in a row and observe the surface changes and defects of the glaze coating grid.

[0045] 2) Hardness: Use a Chinese pencil with a hardness of 5H to test the surface of the photovoltaic glass. After erasing the scratches with a soft eraser, visually inspect the surface for scratches after the coating test.

[0046] 3) Acid Resistance: Four types of photovoltaic glass were placed in a 0.1 M HCl solution and soaked for 1 h, 3 h, 5 h, 7 h, and 10 h. The glasses were then removed from the solution, rinsed with distilled water, and dried at 100°C. The reflectivity of the four types of photovoltaic glass was then measured using a Konica Minolta CM-26dG / 26d / 25d spectrophotometer to investigate their stability in acidic solutions.

[0047] 4) Alkali resistance: Four types of photovoltaic glass with different numbers were placed in a 0.1 M NaOH solution and soaked for 1 h, 3 h, 5 h, 7 h, and 10 h. The glasses were then removed from the solution, rinsed with distilled water, and dried at 100°C. The reflectivity of the four types of photovoltaic glass with different numbers was then measured to investigate their stability in alkaline solutions.

[0048] 5) Salt immersion resistance: Four types of photovoltaic glass with different numbers were placed in a 0.1M NaCl solution and soaked for 1 hour, 3 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours, and 1 hour, then removed and rinsed with distilled water. After drying at 100°C, the reflectivity of the four types of photovoltaic glass with different numbers was tested to study the stability of the photovoltaic glass in salt solution.

[0049] 6) Boiling resistance: Four types of photovoltaic glass with different numbers were placed in 80°C hot water for 1 hour, 3 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours, and 10 hours. After being removed, they were rinsed with distilled water and dried at 100°C. The reflectivity of the four types of photovoltaic glass with different numbers was then tested to study the stability of the photovoltaic glass in hot water.

[0050] 7) Moisture resistance: Four photovoltaic glasses with different numbers were placed in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of 65°C and a humidity of 95%. After 168 hours, they were taken out and cooled at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reflectivity changes of the four photovoltaic glasses with different numbers were then measured.

[0051] 8) Resistance to hot and cold cycles: Four photovoltaic glasses with different numbers were placed in a constant temperature box. The temperature was set to 80±1°C and kept warm for 3 hours. Then the temperature was set to 40±1°C and kept warm for 3 hours. Then the temperature was raised to 80±1°C. This cycle was repeated. The temperature rose or fell for 2 hours. A total of 20 cycles were tested to detect the reflectivity changes of the four photovoltaic glasses with different numbers.

[0052] 9) Anti-ultraviolet radiation: Eight UV150W lamps were used to irradiate four types of photovoltaic glass with different numbers at 60°C for 5 hours and then condense at 50°C for 5 hours. This constituted one cycle. A total of 10 cycles were conducted to test the reflectivity of the four types of photovoltaic glass with different numbers. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0053] Table 2.

[0054]

[0055] From the specific test results in Table 2, it can be seen that the glaze coating on H003 (i.e., when the Bi2O3 and SrO2 contents are 3.2% and 13.8% respectively) will not fall off and has excellent stability.

[0056] (2) The type of resin in the ink will affect the quality of the ink coating, which in turn will have a significant impact on the power generation efficiency and impact resistance of the photovoltaic module. If the resin decomposes during drying, the ink coating will have insufficient adhesion and fall off. If the resin has not decomposed after the glass base material softens, the ink coating will turn black, produce pinholes, and reduce the adhesion of the coating after sintering. Therefore, it is necessary to select an ink resin with a suitable decomposition temperature. While keeping the Bi2O3 and SrO2 contents at 3.2% and 13.8% respectively, the effects of four different resins on the power generation efficiency and impact resistance of the photovoltaic module are explored. The test results are shown in Table 3.

[0057] Table 3.

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] From the specific test results in Table 3, it can be seen that polyurethane resin has the greatest impact on the power generation efficiency and impact resistance of photovoltaic modules.

[0061] (3) The next step is to find the appropriate polyurethane resin content. Therefore, five types of ink varnishes were designed. The content of polyurethane resin in the ink varnishes is shown in Table 4. The effects of different polyurethane resin contents on the power generation efficiency and impact resistance of photovoltaic modules were explored.

[0062] Table 4.

[0063]

[0064] From the test results in Table 4, it can be seen that when the polyurethane resin content in the varnish is 4.5 wt %, its impact resistance and power generation efficiency can reach the optimal level.

[0065] In summary, when the Bi2O3 and SrO2 contents in the flux are 3.2% and 13.8% respectively, and the polyurethane resin in the varnish is used as a synthetic raw material and its content is 4.5wt%, the photovoltaic module can have the best power generation efficiency and stability.

[0066] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be considered as equivalent replacement methods and are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A glaze, characterized in that: The invention comprises flux, varnish and pigment, wherein the flux comprises the following raw materials: SiO2, Na2O, B2O3, SrO2 and Bi2O3.

2. A glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that: The glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: flux: 45-70 parts; varnish: 10-25 parts; pigment: 5-20 parts.

3. The glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that: The percentage of each raw material in the flux is as follows: SiO2: 45wt%-55wt%; Na2O: 13wt%-20wt%; B2O3: 10wt%-20wt%; SrO2: 13.5wt%-14wt%; Bi2O3: 3wt%-3.5wt%.

4. The glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that: The varnish comprises a solvent, a resin and a dispersant.

5. The glaze according to claim 4, characterized in that: The percentages of the raw materials in the varnish are as follows: solvent: 40 wt%-70 wt%; resin: 2 wt%-15 wt%; dispersant: 15 wt%-40 wt%.

6. The glaze according to claim 4, characterized in that: The resin is one of epoxy resin, alkyd resin, PVB resin and polyurethane resin.

7. The glaze according to claim 4, characterized in that: The varnish is prepared by mixing a solvent and a dispersant, stirring the mixture evenly, and then adding the resin and stirring the mixture until the resin is completely dissolved, thereby obtaining the varnish.

8. The method for preparing the glaze according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The flux, varnish and pigment are mixed and then ground.

9. A photovoltaic glass, characterized by: The photovoltaic glass is prepared by applying the glaze according to any one of claims 1 to 7 to a glass surface.

10. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: Including the photovoltaic glass described in claim 9.

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