A waste lithium battery regeneration system based on ultrasonic-assisted leaching structure

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of battery regeneration, and discloses a waste lithium battery regeneration system based on an ultrasonic auxiliary leaching structure, which comprises a leaching part, the leaching part comprises a kettle body, the top end of the kettle body is sealingly connected with an upper pressing cover, the upper pressing cover is rotationally connected with a rotating shaft through a hollow shaft fixed in the upper pressing cover, and the rotating shaft is provided with a stirring structure for uniformly mixing materials through a sliding groove arranged at the bottom end of the rotating shaft; and an ultrasonic wave generator. The waste lithium battery regeneration system based on the ultrasonic auxiliary leaching structure can effectively solve the problems in the prior art that some waste lithium batteries still maintain a large block shape due to insufficient preliminary crushing, the waste lithium battery crushing products sink at the bottom of a reaction kettle due to high density, material accumulation is serious, valuable metals in the large-particle lithium battery crushing products are difficult to fully contact and react with leaching agents, and the leaching efficiency is reduced and the metal recovery rate is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery regeneration technology, and more specifically to a waste lithium battery regeneration system based on an ultrasonic-assisted leaching structure. Background Technology

[0002] A leaching reactor is a chemical equipment used to perform leaching reactions. It is widely used in metallurgy, chemical industry, environmental protection, and other fields, playing a particularly important role in metal extraction and resource recovery. The working principle of a leaching reactor is to utilize the leaching agent to react chemically with the target component in the solid material, causing the target component to dissolve from the solid material into a solution, forming a leachate. This leachate can be used to recover valuable metals from waste lithium batteries and electronic waste.

[0003] In existing technologies, some waste lithium batteries remain in large lumps due to insufficient initial crushing. These waste lithium battery crushing products, due to their high density, will sink to the bottom of the reactor, resulting in severe material accumulation. The valuable metals inside the large lithium battery crushing products cannot fully contact and react with the leaching agent, leading to a decrease in leaching efficiency and a low metal recovery rate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a waste lithium battery regeneration system based on an ultrasonic-assisted leaching structure. This system effectively solves the problem in existing technologies where some waste lithium batteries remain in large lumps due to insufficient initial crushing. These crushed products, due to their high density, tend to settle at the bottom of the reactor, resulting in severe material accumulation. Consequently, the valuable metals inside the large-particle crushed lithium batteries cannot fully contact and react with the leaching agent, leading to decreased leaching efficiency and low metal recovery rate.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a waste lithium battery regeneration system based on an ultrasonic-assisted leaching structure, comprising:

[0007] The leaching section includes a vessel body, the top of which is sealed with an upper pressure cap. The upper pressure cap is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft via a hollow shaft fixed inside it. The rotating shaft is equipped with a stirring structure for mixing materials via a groove at its bottom.

[0008] An ultrasonic generator is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the vessel body;

[0009] The stirring structure includes a connecting shaft, which is slidably connected to the inner wall of the rotating shaft via a flat key on its outer circumference. A rotating rod is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the connecting shaft, and a grinding ball is rotatably connected to the outer circumference of the rotating rod.

[0010] The hollow shaft has a lifting component at its bottom end that can be used to move the grinding ball up and down.

[0011] Furthermore, the lifting component includes a spring disposed on the upper surface of the connecting shaft, the end of the spring away from the connecting shaft being connected to the top of the inner wall of the slide groove, a limiting groove being formed on the outer circumferential surface of the connecting shaft, and a reversing component being disposed on an L-shaped rod fixedly connected to its bottom end, which fits against the inner wall of the limiting groove, and two L-shaped rods being disposed and symmetrically distributed with the connecting shaft as the center.

[0012] Furthermore, the bottom of the inner wall of the vessel body adopts an annular concave arc surface design that fits into the outer circumference of the grinding ball.

[0013] Furthermore, a scraper that fits against the outer circumference of the grinding ball is fixedly connected to the side of the outer circumference of the rotating rod near the hollow shaft.

[0014] Furthermore, the grinding balls are arranged in a three-dimensional array around the connecting axis, and the scraper is designed with an inclined shape, with the outer end of the scraper being thinner away from the grinding balls.

[0015] Furthermore, a gear is fitted on the outer circumferential surface of the rotating rod and fixedly connected to the end of the grinding ball away from the connecting shaft, and a toothed ring that meshes with the outer surface of the gear is fixedly connected to the inner circumferential wall of the vessel body.

[0016] Furthermore, the reversing component includes a rotating block rotatably connected to the bottom end of the L-shaped rod. The rotating block is rotatably connected to the inside of the L-shaped rod via a shaft disposed inside it. The end of the rotating block near the connecting shaft adopts an arc surface design that fits against the inner wall of the limiting groove. A limiting plate that is fixedly connected to the inside of the L-shaped rod is provided on one side of the rotating block.

[0017] Furthermore, a torsion spring connected to the inside of the L-shaped rod is fitted onto the outer circumferential surface of the shaft.

[0018] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0019] This invention incorporates a stirring structure and a lifting component. For leaching waste lithium battery fragments that are not fully crushed and remain in large, fragmented pieces, the grinding balls initially adhere to the bottom of the reactor's inner wall, effectively covering corners and edges, reducing material accumulation and dead zones. When the inclined inner wall of the limiting tank contacts the rotating block, it drives the stirring structure to rotate and rise. When the vertical inner wall of the limiting tank contacts the rotating block, it rapidly descends under the influence of springs and the weight of the grinding balls, hammering the sediment at the bottom of the reactor, transforming the lumpy lithium battery fragments into larger particles. The rotating scraper further ensures thorough mixing of the fragments and the leaching agent. As the shaft continues to rotate, the grinding balls rotate around the rotating rod at the bottom of the reactor, using shear force to quickly break larger particles into smaller ones, increasing the contact area with the leaching agent, improving the leaching effect, and thus increasing the metal recovery rate. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the vessel body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pressure cap, rotating shaft, and grinding ball in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the stirring structure, lifting component, and hollow shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 A magnified structural diagram of part A in the middle;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the connecting shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 A magnified structural diagram of section B in the middle;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the L-shaped rod and the commutator in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] The labels in the diagram represent: 1. Leaching section; 11. Kettle body; 12. Upper pressure cap; 13. Hollow shaft; 14. Rotating shaft; 15. Stirring structure; 151. Connecting shaft; 1511. Flat key; 152. Rotating rod; 153. Grinding ball; 154. Scraper; 155. Gear; 156. Gear ring; 16. Lifting component; 161. Spring; 162. Limiting groove; 163. L-shaped rod; 164. Reversing component; 1641. Rotating block; 1642. Limiting plate; 1643. Torsion spring; 2. Ultrasonic generator. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0032] Example:

[0033] Please see Figures 1-8 This invention provides a technical solution: a waste lithium battery regeneration system based on an ultrasonic-assisted leaching structure, comprising:

[0034] The leaching section 1 includes a vessel body 11. The top of the vessel body 11 is sealed with an upper pressure cover 12. The upper pressure cover 12 is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft 14 via a hollow shaft 13 fixed inside it. The rotating shaft 14 is provided with a stirring structure 15 for mixing materials via a groove opened at its bottom.

[0035] Ultrasonic generator 2 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the vessel body 11.

[0036] The stirring structure 15 includes a connecting shaft 151, which is slidably connected to the inner wall of the rotating shaft 14 via a flat key 1511 on its outer circumference. A rotating rod 152 is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the connecting shaft 151, and a grinding ball 153 is rotatably connected to the outer circumference of the rotating rod 152.

[0037] The hollow shaft 13 has a lifting component 16 at its bottom end, which can be used to move the grinding ball 153 up and down.

[0038] The lifting component 16 includes a spring 161 disposed on the upper surface of the connecting shaft 151. The end of the spring 161 away from the connecting shaft 151 is connected to the top of the inner wall of the slide groove. A limiting groove 162 is formed on the outer circumference of the connecting shaft 151. The hollow shaft 13 is provided with a reversing component 164 that fits against the inner wall of the limiting groove 162 by means of an L-shaped rod 163 fixedly connected to its bottom end. There are two L-shaped rods 163, which are symmetrically distributed with the connecting shaft 151 as the center.

[0039] The bottom of the inner wall of the vessel body 11 adopts an annular concave arc surface design that fits with the outer circumference of the grinding ball 153.

[0040] A scraper 154 that fits against the outer circumference of the grinding ball 153 is fixedly connected to the side of the outer circumference of the rotating rod 152 near the hollow shaft 13.

[0041] Three grinding balls 153 are arranged in a circular array around the connecting shaft 151. The scraper 154 is designed with an inclination and is thinner at the outer end away from the grinding balls 153.

[0042] A gear 155 is fitted on the outer circumference of the rotating rod 152 and is fixedly connected to the end of the grinding ball 153 away from the connecting shaft 151. A toothed ring 156 that meshes with the outer surface of the gear 155 is fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the vessel body 11.

[0043] The reversing component 164 includes a rotating block 1641 rotatably connected to the bottom end of the L-shaped rod 163. The rotating block 1641 is rotatably connected to the L-shaped rod 163 via a shaft disposed inside it. The end of the rotating block 1641 near the connecting shaft 151 adopts an arc surface design that fits against the inner wall of the limiting groove 162. A limiting plate 1642 fixedly connected to the inside of the L-shaped rod 163 is provided on one side of the rotating block 1641. The limiting groove 162 includes three parts: a vertical groove, a horizontal groove, and an inclined groove. Each part has two grooves. The interiors of the vertical groove, the horizontal groove, and the inclined groove are interconnected. The vertical groove, the horizontal groove, and the inclined groove are distributed in a ring around the outer surface of the rotating shaft 14.

[0044] A torsion spring 1643, which is connected to the inside of the L-shaped rod 163, is fitted on the outer circumference of the shaft.

[0045] In actual use, waste lithium batteries are disassembled and crushed. The pre-treated crushed lithium battery products are fed into the reactor body 11 through the feed port connected to the inside of the upper cover 12 via a conveying device. A suitable leaching agent is added into the reactor body 11 through pipes and metering devices. Larger pieces of waste lithium battery crushed products will entangle with each other and settle at the bottom of the inner wall of the reactor body 11. They do not have sufficient contact with the leaching agent, resulting in poor leaching effect and low metal recovery rate.

[0046] The process of leaching reaction between waste lithium battery fragments and leaching agent:

[0047] After the waste lithium battery crushed products and leaching agent enter the reactor body 11, appropriate reaction time, reaction temperature, reaction pressure, and other parameters are selected according to the reaction system and process requirements. A hollow shaft 13 is fixedly connected to the center of the upper pressure cover 12, and the bottom end of the hollow shaft 13 extends into the reactor body 11. The interior of the hollow shaft 13 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 14 through bearings. A drive motor is installed at the top of the upper pressure cover 12, and the rotating shaft 14 is driven by the drive motor. The ultrasonic generator 2 continuously provides ultrasonic mechanical vibration to the leaching liquid and the lithium battery crushed products at the bottom of the reactor body 11, which can keep the solid particles in the waste lithium battery in a good dispersed state in the leaching liquid, prevent them from agglomerating inside the liquid, and thus ensure that each particle can fully contact the leaching agent, improving the efficiency and effect of the leaching reaction.

[0048] Start the drive motor. The output end of the drive motor is connected to the top of the rotating shaft 14. The rotating shaft 14 is driven to rotate inside the hollow shaft 13 at a relatively slow speed. From the top of the upper cover 12, the rotating shaft 14 and the connecting shaft 151 rotate counterclockwise. During the counterclockwise rotation, since the rotating block 1641 is provided with a limiting plate 1642 on the side near the horizontal groove, the rotating block 1641 cannot rotate when it is in contact with the outer surface of the rotating block 1641 at the junction of the horizontal groove and the inclined groove. The L-shaped rod 163, the limiting plate 1642 and the rotating block 1641 form a whole, which can drive the stirring structure 15 to move up and down.

[0049] Two symmetrically arranged L-shaped rods 163 are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the hollow shaft 13. The end of the L-shaped rod 163 away from the hollow shaft 13 is in contact with the inner wall of the limiting groove 162. During the leaching reaction, the vessel body 11, the upper pressure cover 12, the hollow shaft 13, and the L-shaped rods 163 remain stationary. The bottom end of the rotating shaft 14 is provided with symmetrically arranged keyways, which are connected to the interior of the sliding groove. The rotating shaft 14 engages with the flat key 1511 on the outer surface of the connecting shaft 151 through the keyway, transmitting torque to the connecting shaft 151, restricting the rotational displacement of both, and driving the connecting shaft 151 to rotate together.

[0050] A rotating rod 152 is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the bottom end of the connecting shaft 151. A grinding ball 153 is sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating rod 152. The grinding ball 153 is spherical. The bottom of the inner wall of the vessel body 11 adopts an annular concave arc surface design that fits with the outer surface of the grinding ball 153. Three grinding balls 153 are arrayed in the annular concave arc surface at the bottom of the vessel body 11. When the rotating shaft 14 rotates, it will sequentially drive the connecting shaft 151, the rotating rod 152, and the grinding ball 153 to rotate. The limiting groove 162 includes three parts: a vertical groove, a horizontal groove, and an inclined groove. Each part has two grooves. The vertical groove, the horizontal groove, and the inclined groove are interconnected. The vertical groove, the horizontal groove, and the inclined groove are sequentially distributed in an annular shape around the outer surface of the rotating shaft 14.

[0051] In the initial state, the bottom end of the L-shaped rod 163 is at the intersection of the vertical and horizontal grooves in the limiting groove 162. The spring 161 inside the connecting shaft 151 and the rotating shaft 14 is in the unfolded state (the spring 161 is made of corrosion-resistant material and can adapt to the environment of the leaching agent). The lowest point of the bottom of the outer circumference of the grinding ball 153 is in contact with the bottom of the inner wall of the vessel body 11. When the rotating shaft 14 drives the connecting shaft 151 to rotate, the limiting groove 162 on the outer circumference of the connecting shaft 151 will rotate along with it. The positional relationship between the limiting groove 162 and the rotating block 1641 changes from the initial state, where the top of the vertical groove is in contact with the outer end of the rotating block 1641, to the inner part of the horizontal groove being in contact with the outer end of the rotating block 1641. At this time, the connecting shaft 151 is inside the horizontal groove. Under the action of the gravity of the grinding ball 153 and the elastic force of the spring 161, it maintains this horizontal state and rotates. During this process, the grinding ball 153 is always in contact with the bottom of the inner wall of the vessel 11, further crushing the lithium battery crushed products that have settled at the bottom of the vessel 11. This further squeezes and grinds the incompletely crushed lithium battery products, improves the degree of crushing of the lithium battery crushed products, increases the contact area with the leaching agent, improves the leaching effect, and increases the metal recovery rate.

[0052] As the grinding ball 153 rotates a certain distance at the bottom of the inner wall of the vessel body 11, the contact position between the limiting groove 162 and the outer end of the L-shaped rod 163 reaches the intersection of the horizontal groove and the inclined groove. The rotating shaft 14 continues to rotate, and the inclined groove in the limiting groove 162 begins to contact the outer end of the rotating block 1641. Viewed from the top of the upper pressure cover 12, the rotating shaft 14 and the connecting shaft 151 rotate counterclockwise. Because the inner wall of the limiting groove 162 on the outer surface of the connecting shaft 151 is always in contact with the outer end of the rotating block 1641, the rotating block 1641 remains stationary. Under the action of the limiting groove 162, the connecting shaft 151 gradually moves upward on the inner wall of the rotating shaft 14. The spring 161, which is inside the rotating shaft 14 and in contact with the top of the connecting shaft 151, begins to undergo elastic deformation. Correspondingly, the grinding ball 153 moves upward under the action of the connecting shaft 151 via the rotating rod 152. At this time, the outer surface of the grinding ball 153 no longer contacts the bottom of the inner wall of the vessel 11 and continues to move upward, increasing the distance between them.

[0053] When the outer circumference of the grinding ball 153 is in close contact with the bottom of the vessel body 11 to crush and grind the broken lithium battery products, some of the broken lithium battery products will be squeezed to the middle of the bottom of the vessel body 11, and will not be located within the annular concave surface of the vessel body 11. After the grinding ball 153 separates from the bottom of the vessel body 11, the larger fragments of this part of the broken lithium battery products will naturally flow towards the annular concave surface of the bottom of the vessel body 11 under the suction of the water flow and the action of the annular concave surface, and will be located at the lowest point of the vessel body 11, which will help to crush and grind them in the next cycle; the smaller fragments will float in the leaching agent and float upward.

[0054] During the contact process between the inclined groove in the connecting shaft 151 and the outer surface of the rotating block 1641, both the grinding ball 153 and the scraper 154 rise and rotate around the rotating shaft 14. The scraper 154 is designed with an inclined top, and its top is thinner while its bottom, near the grinding ball 153, is thicker. This design effectively scrapes away the material adhering to the surface of the grinding ball 153, while also stirring the leaching agent inside the vessel 11 as it rotates with the connecting shaft 151. Due to the inclined design of the scraper 154, the fluid is propelled to generate both axial and radial flow during this process. The axial flow allows the leaching agent to circulate vertically within the vessel 11, enabling thorough exchange of material between the bottom and top. The radial flow causes the leaching agent fluid to flow from the center of the connecting shaft 151 towards the inner wall of the vessel 11, and then back along the inner wall, forming a complex three-dimensional flow pattern. This process effectively mixes materials at different levels and in different areas, enhancing the mixing effect of lithium battery crushed products and leachate at different heights. It also effectively avoids dead zones in the mixing process, ensuring that all materials within the entire vessel 11 participate in the mixing process. During this process, the spring 161 located between the connecting shaft 151 and the rotating shaft 14 gradually begins to compress, and the distance between the bottom of the inner wall of the inner groove of the rotating shaft 14 and the top of the connecting shaft 151 gradually decreases.

[0055] As the rotating shaft 14 continues to rotate, the bottom of the inclined groove in the limiting groove 162 on the outer circumference of the connecting shaft 151 contacts the outer surface of the rotating block 1641. At this time, the stirring structure 15 is about to reach the highest point within its stroke range, and the spring 161 is in a fully compressed state. When the intersection of the inclined groove and the vertical groove contacts the outer surface of the rotating block 1641, the limiting groove 162 loses the limiting effect of the rotating block 1641, the L-shaped rod 163, and the limiting plate 1642. Under the action of the elastic force of the spring 161 and the gravity of the grinding ball 153, the entire stirring structure 15 moves downward rapidly. The vertical groove changes from contacting the outer surface of the rotating block 1641 at its bottom end to contacting the rotating block 1641 at its top end, returning to the initial state. During the descent, the gear 155 at the outer end of the grinding ball 153 completes the meshing with the teeth on the upper surface of the gear ring 156.

[0056] As the rotating shaft 14 continues to rotate, it transmits torque to the connecting shaft 151 via the flat key 1511, causing the stirring structure 15 to rotate inside the vessel body 11. The grinding balls 153 mesh with the gear ring 156 via the gear 155 on their side. While rotating around the connecting shaft 151, the three grinding balls 153 also rotate around the rotating rod 152. During this process, the grinding balls 153 continuously rotate around the rotating rod 152 via the bearing, preventing jamming or pushing due to contact between the outer surface of the grinding balls 153 and the broken lithium battery particles. This continuously provides a large frictional force to the waste lithium batteries inside the annular concave surface at the bottom of the vessel body 11. As the grinding ball 153 rotates around the rotating rod 152, the contact point between its circumferential surface and the waste lithium battery at the bottom changes continuously, which can continuously generate new friction. During the movement, the grinding ball 153 will generate shear force on the lithium battery material, just like pulling and cutting the lithium battery from multiple directions at the same time, which can quickly break larger particles into smaller particles, thereby improving the overall grinding efficiency.

[0057] The process of rotating shaft 14 in the reverse direction:

[0058] After a period of impact, the internal lithium battery fragments have become granular. At this time, the drive motor drives the rotating shaft 14 to rotate in the opposite direction, that is, viewed from the top of the upper cover 12, the rotating shaft 14 is in a clockwise rotation state. When the connecting shaft 151 and the limiting groove 162 rotate clockwise together, the intersection of the horizontal groove and the vertical groove comes into contact with the outer surface of the rotating block 1641. When the connecting shaft 151 continues to rotate clockwise, the inner wall side of the vertical groove comes into contact with the side of the rotating block 1641 near the limiting plate 1642 (the distance from the outer side of the limiting plate 1642 away from the L-shaped rod 163 to the inner wall of the limiting groove 162 is greater than the depth of the inner wall of the limiting groove 162). Under the action of the continuous rotation of the connecting shaft 151, the rotating block 1641 rotates inside the L-shaped rod 163 with the shaft as the center point, and the internal torsion spring 1643 deforms.

[0059] After the rotating block 1641 rotates approximately ninety degrees, its sidewall contacts the outer surface of the connecting shaft 151 and is no longer locked inside the limiting groove 162. At this time, under the elastic force of the spring 161 and the gravity of the grinding ball 153, the rotating shaft 14 drives the stirring structure 15 to rotate horizontally. During this process, the bottom of the outer circumference of the grinding ball 153 is always in contact with the inner wall of the vessel body 11, further finely grinding the remaining small lithium battery crushed products in the annular concave arc surface at the bottom of the vessel body 11, making the powder distribution more uniform and able to flow smoothly into the leaching agent above the vessel body 11, thereby improving the metal recycling rate.

[0060] In summary, this device has the following advantages during use:

[0061] Advantage 1: When leaching waste lithium battery fragments that are not sufficiently crushed and are still in large chunks, grinding balls 153 are used instead of traditional stirring paddles. The lifting component 16 can hammer the part that has settled at the bottom of the reactor body 11, so that the chunks of lithium battery fragments are transformed into large particles. The scraper 154 rotates to ensure that the lithium battery fragments and leaching agent are fully mixed.

[0062] Advantage 2: When the stirring structure 15 is at the bottom, the grinding ball 153 meshes with the gear 155 and the gear ring 156 at its outer end, which can drive the grinding ball 153 to rotate around the rotating rod 152 at the bottom of the vessel 11. It can use shear force to quickly break larger particles into smaller particles, increase the contact area with the leaching agent, significantly improve the leaching effect, and thus improve the metal recovery rate.

[0063] Thirdly, the bottom of the inner wall of the vessel body 11 adopts an annular concave arc surface design that fits the outer surface of the grinding balls 153. This design effectively covers the corners and edges of the vessel body 11, reducing material accumulation and dead zones in the stirring process. The outer surface of the grinding balls 153 has a smooth design without complex edges or gaps, making it less likely for material to remain after stirring. This facilitates cleaning and reduces the entanglement problem caused by the good ductility of lithium battery fragments such as aluminum foil. During stirring, the grinding balls 153 exert a relatively gentle mechanical force on the lithium battery fragments floating in the leachate, which can reduce excessive crushing and damage to active materials and electrode materials floating in the leachate to a certain extent. This helps maintain the physical and chemical properties of the materials, facilitating subsequent processing and recycling.

[0064] Fourthly, the inclined design of the scraper 154, as it moves up and down with the rotating rod 152, drives the leaching agent to generate axial and radial flow, forming a complex three-dimensional flow pattern. This flow allows the leaching agent to be fully exchanged vertically and horizontally within the vessel body 11, ensuring thorough mixing of materials in different layers and areas, effectively avoiding dead zones in the mixing process. The grinding ball 153 moves within the annular concave surface at the bottom of the vessel body 11. Through rotation, vertical movement, and self-rotation, it not only further squeezes and grinds the incompletely crushed product, improving its degree of pulverization, but also allows the lithium battery crushed products squeezed into the grinding ball 153 and the outer side of the bottom of the vessel body 11 to flow into the annular concave surface at the bottom of the vessel body 11 for further hammering and squeezing.

[0065] Fifthly, the scraper 154 can effectively scrape off the material adhering to the outer surface of the grinding ball 153 and mix it into the leaching agent under the action of water flow during rotation, thus maintaining the grinding efficiency of the grinding ball 153. It can also stir the leaching agent during rotation, enhancing the stirring effect and further promoting the mixing of material and leaching agent.

[0066] Advantage 6: By rotating the shaft 14 in both directions, materials at different stages can be processed: When rotating in the forward direction, the limiting groove 162 is always in contact with the outer surface of the rotating block 1641. The L-shaped rod 163 and the rotating block 1641 cause the stirring structure 15 to reciprocate up and down. When returning from the highest point to the lowest point, the grinding ball 153 can squeeze and hammer larger lithium battery fragments. When the shaft 14 rotates in the reverse direction, the reversing component 164 is no longer in contact with the inside of the limiting groove 162. At this time, the stirring structure 15 only rotates in the horizontal direction, which finely grinds the material that has become smaller particles, making the powder distribution more uniform and preventing it from settling at the bottom of the vessel 11. This allows for full contact with the leaching agent, improving the metal recovery rate and meeting the needs of different stages of the leaching reaction.

[0067] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waste lithium battery regeneration system based on an ultrasonic-assisted leaching structure, characterized in that, include: The leaching section (1) includes a vessel body (11), the top of which is sealed with an upper pressure cap (12). The upper pressure cap (12) is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft (14) via a hollow shaft (13) fixed inside it. The rotating shaft (14) is provided with a stirring structure (15) for mixing materials via a groove at its bottom. An ultrasonic generator (2) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the vessel body (11); The stirring structure (15) includes a connecting shaft (151), which is slidably connected to the inner wall of the rotating shaft (14) via a flat key (1511) on its outer circumference. A rotating rod (152) is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the connecting shaft (151), and a grinding ball (153) is rotatably connected to the outer circumference of the rotating rod (152). The hollow shaft (13) is provided with a lifting component (16) at its bottom end, which can be used to move the grinding ball (153) up and down; The lifting component (16) includes a spring (161) disposed on the upper surface of the connecting shaft (151). One end of the spring (161) away from the connecting shaft (151) is connected to the top of the inner wall of the slide groove. A limiting groove (162) is formed on the outer circumference of the connecting shaft (151). The hollow shaft (13) is provided with a reversing component (164) that fits against the inner wall of the limiting groove (162) by means of an L-shaped rod (163) fixedly connected to its bottom end. The limiting groove (162) includes a vertical groove, a horizontal groove, and an inclined groove. The inclined groove consists of three parts. Two L-shaped rods (163) are provided and symmetrically distributed with the connecting shaft (151) as the center. The bottom of the inner wall of the vessel body (11) adopts an annular concave arc surface design that fits with the outer circumference of the grinding ball (153). The outer circumference of the rotating rod (152) is fitted with a gear (155) that is fixed to the end of the grinding ball (153) away from the connecting shaft (151). The inner circumference of the vessel body (11) is fixedly connected with a toothed ring (156) that meshes with the outer surface of the gear (155).

2. The waste lithium battery regeneration system based on an ultrasonic-assisted leaching structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer circumference of the rotating rod (152) is fixedly connected to a scraper (154) that is in contact with the outer circumference of the grinding ball (153).

3. The waste lithium battery regeneration system based on an ultrasonic-assisted leaching structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The grinding balls (153) are arranged in three and arranged in a circular array with the connecting shaft (151) as the central axis. The scraper (154) adopts an inclined design and the outer end of the scraper (154) away from the grinding balls (153) is thinner.

4. The waste lithium battery regeneration system based on an ultrasonic-assisted leaching structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reversing component (164) includes a rotating block (1641) rotatably connected to the bottom end of the L-shaped rod (163). The rotating block (1641) is rotatably connected to the inside of the L-shaped rod (163) through a shaft set inside it. The end of the rotating block (1641) near the connecting shaft (151) adopts an arc surface design that fits against the inner wall of the limiting groove (162). A limiting plate (1642) fixedly connected to the inside of the L-shaped rod (163) is provided on one side of the rotating block (1641).

5. The waste lithium battery regeneration system based on an ultrasonic-assisted leaching structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer circumferential surface of the shaft is fitted with a torsion spring (1643) that is connected to the inside of the L-shaped rod (163).

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