Fishway structure adapting to water depth change and design scheduling operation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering and environmental protection engineering design. The invention discloses a fishway structure adapting to water depth changes and a design scheduling operation method.The fishway structure comprises a fishway inlet and a fishway outlet, a fishway real-time monitoring water level and flow automatic control system is fixedly arranged near the fishway inlet, and a diversion gate is arranged on the downstream section of the fishway; the fishway inlet is located in a flow velocity advantage area of a downstream river channel. The method that the upstream water depth is larger than the inlet water depth to form the flow velocity advantage at the fishway inlet is designed and fully utilized, the inlet water depth variation range is reduced, the water supplementing working condition occurrence frequency is reduced, and then the reservoir water loss is reduced; the water level is monitored in real time through the fishway, the automatic flow control system adjusts the opening degree of the diversion gate to control the water depth in fishway pools on the two sides of the diversion gate, a fishway inlet meets local water falling to form the flow speed advantage, and the problems that water falling of the fishway inlet is serious and the flow speed is too large due to mismatching of the water depths of the inlet and the outlet are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy engineering and environmental protection engineering design, and in particular to a fishway structure adaptable to changes in water depth and a design, scheduling and operation method. Background Art

[0002] Fishways, as ecological compensation measures in water conservancy projects, are crucial for maintaining the balance of aquatic ecosystems. Water levels in upstream reservoirs of comprehensive water conservancy projects often fluctuate widely, while downstream river depths vary more narrowly. To adapt to upstream reservoir water levels, ensure fish passage at various water levels, and conserve project investment, traditional fishway designs often feature multiple outlets and fewer inlets.

[0003] In the process of selecting the location of the fishway inlet, the conventional practice is to select the inlet in the flow rate advantage area based on the calculation results of the downstream river flow field, and design a small water depth at the inlet so that the water depth of the fishway pool is greater than the inlet water depth, causing a local drop in the inlet water surface, or to use water replenishment to increase the local flow velocity at the fishway inlet to achieve a better fish attracting effect.

[0004] In actual hub operation, the water level of the upstream reservoir and the water depth of the downstream river are constantly changing. When the design method of small inlet water depth is adopted, a water depth mismatch condition often occurs (i.e., the water depth of the fishway chamber is greater than the inlet water depth), resulting in a serious drop in the fishway inlet, and the flow rate is too high, making it difficult for fish to swim upstream; when a large water depth inlet is adopted, the fishway inlet is a submerged outflow with a low flow rate, and water replenishment and other measures are needed to increase the inlet flow rate, but this will increase the loss of reservoir water volume, and the increase in flow rate caused by the water level difference drop is not fully utilized, thus affecting the project benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fishway structure that can adapt to changes in water depth and a design, scheduling and operation method, so as to solve the problem that the water depth mismatch working condition proposed in the above background technology causes a serious drop in the fishway inlet, the flow rate is too large, and it is difficult for fish to swim upstream; when a large water depth inlet is used, the fishway inlet is a submerged outflow with a low flow rate, and measures such as water replenishment are needed to increase the inlet flow rate, but this will increase the loss of reservoir water volume, and the increase in flow rate caused by the water level difference drop is not fully utilized, thereby affecting the project benefits. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a fishway structure that can adapt to changes in water depth, including a fishway inlet and a fishway outlet, the fishway inlet is fixedly provided with a fishway real-time water level and flow automatic control system, the downstream section of the fishway is provided with a diversion gate, and the fishway inlet is located in the flow rate advantage area of ​​the downstream river;

[0006] The fishway inlet is located in the downstream fishway, the fishway outlet is located in the upstream fishway and in the upstream reservoir area, the downstream fishway and the upstream fishway are separated by a dam, and the bottom of the downstream fishway inlet is provided with a fishway inlet water supply pipe.

[0007] Preferably, the fishway real-time water level and flow automatic control system accurately measures the fishway flow, water level and other related information by burying relevant sensors, and feeds back to the regulating diversion gate and the fishway inlet water supply pipe.

[0008] Preferably, the elevation Zn of the bottom plate of the fishway entrance is selected to be no less than 1 meter lower than the elevation of the nearby terrain.

[0009] Preferably, the number of the diversion gates is two or more, and the distance between each diversion gate should not be too far, and the difference in installation base plate elevation is within 30 cm. The diversion gate 5 can be either a radial gate or a flat gate or other gate that can adjust the flow.

[0010] Preferably, the method for using the fishway structure that adapts to changes in water depth comprises the following steps:

[0011] S1: Determine the number of fishway exits n1 according to the water level variation range H1~H2 in the reservoir area, and determine the maximum water depth h1 and minimum water depth h2 for normal operation of the fishway. n1 is rounded up; the elevations of the bottom plate at the fishway exit are determined as Z1=H1-h2; Z2=H1-h2(-h1-h2(, Zn=H1-h2(-h1-h2(*(n1-1), and so on;

[0012] S2: Determine the river water level range H3~H4 based on the downstream river flow field calculation results and determine the number of fishway entrances n2 is rounded down;

[0013] S3: Based on the calculation results of the downstream river flow field, determine the range of the flow velocity advantage area and combine it with the nearby terrain conditions to determine the elevation of the fishway inlet bottom plate G1 = H4 - h2; The same applies to H4; review the relationship between the inlet floor elevation and the surrounding terrain, requiring that the inlet floor elevation Gn should not be lower than the surrounding terrain elevation by more than 1m. Otherwise, re-draft G1, with the drafting principle of G1 = H3 - (h2 + 0.2), and so on;

[0014] S4: A fishway diversion gate is set outside the influence range of the maximum water depth H4 downstream of the inlet. The opening of the diversion gate is adjusted according to the real-time monitoring of the water level and flow of the fishway by the automatic control system to control the water depth in the fishway pool. The inlet flow velocity during operation is required to be in the range of 1m / s to 1.2m / s.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] In the present invention, a method is designed to fully utilize the flow rate advantage formed at the fishway inlet due to the upstream water depth being greater than the inlet water depth, and the range of change of the inlet water depth is reduced, thereby reducing the frequency of water replenishment conditions and reducing the water loss of the reservoir.

[0017] In the present invention, the water level and flow rate of the fishway are monitored in real time by the automatic control system, and the opening of the diversion gate is adjusted to control the water depth in the fishway pool on both sides of the diversion gate, so that the fishway inlet meets the local drop and forms a flow rate advantage, avoiding the problem of excessive flow rate of the fishway inlet drop caused by the mismatch of the inlet and outlet water depths.

[0018] In the present invention, after setting the diversion gate, the remaining flow forms a fishway scheduling operation mode in which only one outlet is opened while two or more downstream inlets are opened at the same time. Fish can find more inlets to swim upstream, thereby increasing the guaranteed rate of fish passing through the fishway. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic plan view of the fishway of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of the downstream river channel of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of the downstream fishway of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a plan view of the upstream fishway of the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 1. Fishway inlet; 2. Fishway real-time monitoring water level and flow automatic control system; 3. Flow rate advantage area; 4. Downstream river channel; 5. Diversion gate; 6. Downstream fishway; 7. Dam; 8. Upstream fishway; 9. Fishway outlet; 10. Reservoir area; 11. Fishway inlet water supply pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] See also Figures 1 to 4 The present invention provides a technical solution: a fishway structure that adapts to changes in water depth, including a fishway inlet 1 and a fishway outlet 9. The fishway inlet 1 is fixedly provided with a fishway real-time water level and flow automatic control system 2, a water diversion gate 5 is provided in the downstream section of the fishway, and the fishway inlet 1 is located in a flow rate advantage zone 3 of a downstream river channel 4;

[0026] The fishway inlet 1 is located at the downstream fishway 6, the fishway outlet 9 is located at the upstream reservoir 10, and a fishway inlet water supply pipe assembly 11 is provided at the bottom of the downstream fishway inlet 1;

[0027] Implementation column 1:

[0028] The fishway real-time monitoring water level and flow automatic control system 2 accurately measures the fishway flow, water level and other related information by burying relevant sensors, and adjusts the water diversion gate 5 and the fishway inlet water supply pipe 11 through feedback;

[0029] The elevation Zn of the bottom plate of the fishway entrance 1 shall not be lower than the elevation of the nearby terrain by more than 1m;

[0030] There are two or more diversion gates 5, and the distance between each diversion gate 5 should not be too far. The difference in installation base plate elevation is within 30 cm. The diversion gate 5 can be a radial gate, a flat gate, or other gate that can adjust the flow.

[0031] When the water level change range of the reservoir area is H1 = 370m, the maximum water depth of the designed fishway for normal operation is h1 = 2.5m, the minimum water depth is h2 = 0.5m, the number of fishway exits is 9, the elevation is Z1 = H1-h1 = 370-2.5 = 367.5m, when the water level change range of the reservoir area is H2 = 360m, the elevation is Z2 = 367.5-(2.5-0.5) = 365 ... designed fishway for normal operation is H1 = 2.5m, the minimum water depth is h2 = 0.5m, the number of fishway exits is 9, the elevation is Z1 = H1-h1 = 370-2.5 = 367.5m, According to the water level change range of the reservoir area 10 H3 = 350m, Z3 = 363.5m, when according to the water level change range of the reservoir area 10 H4 = 340m, Z4 = 361.5m, when according to the water level change range of the reservoir area 10 H5 = 330m, Z5 = 359.50m, when according to the water level change range of the reservoir area 10 H6 = 320m, Z5 = 359.50m, Z6 = 357.50m;

[0032] Based on the flow field calculation results of the downstream river channel 4, the water level variation range of the downstream river channel 4 is determined to be H3 = 340.2m, H4 = 338m, and the number of fishway entrances is determined, rounded down to 2;

[0033] Based on the calculation results of the flow field in the downstream river channel 4, the range of the velocity advantage zone 3 is determined. In combination with the nearby terrain conditions, the bottom plate elevations of the fishway inlet 1 are determined to be G1 = 338-0.5 = 337.5m and G2 = 337.5 + 1 = 338.5m. The relationship between the inlet bottom plate elevation and the nearby terrain is reviewed. It is required to be no less than 1m lower than the nearby terrain elevation. Otherwise, G1 is re-drafted. The drafting principle is G1 = H3-(h2+0.2), and so on.

[0034] A fishway diversion gate 5 is set outside the influence range of the maximum water depth H3 = 340.2m downstream of the fishway inlet 1. The influence range is that the bottom plate elevation of the downstream fishway 6 is higher than H3 = 340.2m, and a suitable position is selected upstream. The distance between the gates of the diversion gate 5 should not be too far, and the elevation of the bottom plates of the two gates should not exceed 0.3m. According to the real-time monitoring of the water level and flow of the fishway, the automatic control system 2 should be able to measure the flow velocity at the fishway inlet 1, the water level, flow velocity and flow of the downstream fishway 6 and the upstream fishway 8, and through a preset scheduling plan, the matching fishway inlet 1, fishway outlet 9, diversion gate 5 opening and fishway inlet water supply pipe assembly 11 are opened to make the flow velocity of the fishway inlet 1 in operation within the range of 1m / s to 1.2m / s.

[0035] If the combination of the fishway outlet 9 and the fishway inlet 1 causes the flow rate to exceed the range, the diversion gate 5 is opened to make the flow rate of the fishway inlet 1 meet the design requirements;

[0036] The fishway inlet water supply pipe 11 is a water pipeline that draws water from the upstream reservoir 10;

[0037] The fishway real-time water level and flow automatic control system 2 accurately measures the fishway flow, water level and other related information by burying relevant sensors, and adjusts the water diversion gate 5 and the fishway inlet water supply pipe 11 through feedback;

[0038] The elevation Zn of the bottom plate of the fishway inlet 1 should not be lower than the elevation of the nearby terrain by more than 1m, otherwise siltation will occur. If it is too much lower than the ground, even if water is added, it will not have a beneficial effect on the nearby flow field.

[0039] The distance between each diversion gate 5 should not be too far, and the difference in installation base plate elevation should be within 30 cm, otherwise water will flow over the gate top. The diversion gate 5 can be a radial gate or a flat gate or other gate that can adjust the flow.

[0040] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fishway structure adapted to changes in water depth, comprising a fishway inlet (1) and a fishway outlet (9), characterized in that: A fishway real-time water level and flow rate automatic control system (2) is fixedly installed inside the fishway inlet (1), a water diversion gate (5) is installed in the downstream section of the fishway, and the fishway inlet (1) is located in the flow rate advantage area (3) of the downstream river channel (4); The fishway inlet (1) is located in the downstream fishway (6), the fishway outlet (9) is located inside the upstream fishway (8) and above the upstream reservoir area (10), the downstream fishway (6) and the upstream fishway are separated by a dam (7), and a fishway inlet water supply pipe (11) is provided at the bottom of the downstream fishway inlet (1).

2. The fishway structure adapted to water depth changes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fishway real-time water level and flow automatic control system (2) accurately measures relevant information such as the fishway flow, water level, etc. by burying relevant sensors, and adjusts the water diversion gate (5) and the fishway inlet water supply pipe (11) through feedback.

3. The fishway structure adapted to water depth changes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elevation Zn of the bottom plate of the fishway entrance (1) is selected to be no less than 1m lower than the elevation of the nearby terrain.

4. The fishway structure adapted to water depth changes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the diversion gates (5) is two or more, and the distance between each diversion gate (5) should not be too far, and the difference in the installation base plate elevation is within 30 cm. The diversion gate (5) can be a radial gate or a flat gate or other gate that can adjust the flow rate.

5. A method for using a fishway structure that adapts to changes in water depth, using the fishway structure that adapts to changes in water depth as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Determine the number n1 of fishway exits (9) according to the water level variation range H1 to H2 of the reservoir area (10), and determine the maximum water depth h1 and minimum water depth h2 for normal operation of the fishway. n1 is rounded up; the bottom plate elevations of the fishway exit (9) are determined as Z1 = H1 - h2; Z2 = H1 - h2 (-h1 - h2 (, Zn = H1 - h2 (-h1 - h2 (* (n1 - 1), and so on; S2: Determine the river water level range H3~H4 based on the downstream river flow field calculation results and determine the number of fishway entrances n2 is rounded down; S3: Based on the calculation results of the downstream river flow field, determine the range of the flow velocity advantage area and combine it with the nearby terrain conditions to determine the elevation of the fishway inlet bottom plate G1 = H4 - h2; The same applies to H4; review the relationship between the inlet floor elevation and the surrounding terrain, requiring that the inlet floor elevation Gn should not be lower than the surrounding terrain elevation by more than 1m. Otherwise, re-draft G1, with the drafting principle of G1 = H3 - (h2 + 0.2), and so on; S4: A fishway diversion gate (5) is set outside the influence range of the maximum water depth H4 downstream of the inlet. The opening of the diversion gate (5) is adjusted according to the real-time monitoring of the water level and flow rate of the fishway by the automatic control system (2) to control the water depth in the fishway pool. The inlet flow velocity during operation is required to be in the range of 1m / s to 1.2m / s.

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