Energy-saving system for gradient recovery of heat of fermentation tail gas

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy-saving system for gradient recovery of heat of fermentation tail gas. The energy-saving system comprises a pressurizing and heating device and a first heat exchange device. The pressurizing and heating device comprises a tail gas inlet, a pressurizing cavity, a guide baffle, a movable baffle, a heated gas outlet and an eccentric transmission mechanism; the first heat exchange device comprises a primary heat exchange box as well as a primary heat exchange gas inlet, a primary heat exchange cavity, a primary heat exchange gas outlet, a condensed liquid outlet, a primary heat exchange liquid inlet, a primary heat exchange tube and a primary heat exchange liquid outlet which are formed in the primary heat exchange box; after fermentation tail gas is treated by the pressurizing and heating device, the temperature difference between the fermentation tail gas and primary heat exchange liquid is increased, and the energy conversion rate is increased. And the negative pressure state in the pressurizing and heating device is beneficial to preventing tail gas accumulation. The eccentric transmission mechanism is connected with a stirring power system of the fermentation system, an additional power source is not needed, and cooperation of stirring and tail gas treatment is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of waste heat treatment, and in particular to an energy-saving system for cascade recovery of heat from fermentation tail gas. Background Art

[0002] The energy-saving system for cascaded heat recovery of fermentation exhaust gas is an integrated energy recovery device that targets low-temperature exhaust gas emitted during the biological fermentation process. This system reduces energy consumption by gradually recovering waste heat, replacing external steam or electricity consumption. The temperature of fermentation exhaust gas is relatively low, generally not exceeding 80 degrees Celsius. The low temperature of fermentation exhaust gas makes it difficult to meet the temperature difference requirements for power generation, making it difficult to generate electricity through its exhaust temperature. The energy grade of fermentation exhaust gas is low, meaning the energy it contains is relatively limited, resulting in a low energy recovery rate. The portion that can be effectively converted and utilized is relatively small, and therefore cannot be fully utilized. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide an energy-saving system for cascade recovery of heat from fermentation tail gas, which can utilize the heat of the fermentation tail gas in a component manner.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0005] An energy-saving system for cascade recovery of heat from fermentation tail gas, comprising:

[0006] The pressurization and heating device comprises an exhaust gas inlet, a pressurization chamber, a guide baffle, a movable baffle, a heated gas outlet and an eccentric transmission mechanism, wherein the exhaust gas inlet is used to introduce the fermentation exhaust gas into the pressurization chamber, the guide baffle is arranged in the pressurization chamber, the guide baffle is a spiral line structure, the movable baffle is a spiral line structure, the movable baffle cooperates with the guide baffle, the movable baffle can move closely against the guide baffle and squeeze the space between the movable baffle and the guide baffle to heat the fermentation exhaust gas, and the heated gas outlet is used to discharge the heated exhaust gas; the eccentric transmission mechanism is used to connect to the stirring power system of the fermentation system so as to be driven by the stirring power system; the eccentric transmission mechanism is drivably connected to the movable baffle so that the movable baffle can perform eccentric movement relative to the guide baffle;

[0007] A first heat exchange device, comprising a primary heat exchange box and a primary heat exchange gas inlet, a primary heat exchange cavity, a primary heat exchange gas outlet, a condensed liquid outlet, a primary heat exchange liquid inlet, a primary heat exchange pipe and a primary heat exchange liquid outlet arranged in the primary heat exchange box; the primary heat exchange gas inlet, the primary heat exchange cavity and the primary heat exchange gas outlet are connected in sequence; the primary heat exchange pipe is arranged in the primary heat exchange cavity; the condensed liquid outlet is connected to the primary heat exchange cavity; the primary heat exchange liquid inlet, the primary heat exchange pipe and the primary heat exchange liquid outlet are connected in sequence.

[0008] Furthermore, the energy-saving system for step-by-step heat recovery of fermentation tail gas also includes a second heat exchange device, which includes a secondary heat exchange box and a secondary heat exchange gas inlet, a secondary heat exchange chamber, a secondary heat exchange gas outlet, a secondary heat exchange liquid inlet, a secondary liquid heat exchange chamber, a secondary heat exchange liquid outlet and a plurality of heat exchange baffles arranged in the secondary heat exchange box; the primary heat exchange gas outlet, the secondary heat exchange gas inlet, the secondary heat exchange chamber and the secondary heat exchange gas outlet are connected in sequence; the secondary heat exchange liquid inlet, the secondary liquid heat exchange chamber and the secondary heat exchange liquid outlet are connected in sequence.

[0009] Furthermore, the energy-saving system for the step-by-step recovery of heat from fermentation exhaust gas also includes a plurality of first baffles and a plurality of second baffles, and the plurality of first baffles and the plurality of second baffles are stacked in an alternating manner in sequence, and each of the first baffles is provided with the secondary heat exchange chamber, and each of the secondary heat exchange chambers is connected in sequence; each of the second baffles is provided with the secondary liquid heat exchange chamber, and each of the secondary liquid heat exchange chambers is connected in sequence.

[0010] Furthermore, the energy-saving system for step-by-step heat recovery of fermentation exhaust gas also includes a biological carbon fixation device, which includes a shell and a cooling gas inlet, a accommodating chamber and a low-carbon gas outlet provided on the shell, the secondary heat exchange gas outlet, the cooling gas inlet, the accommodating chamber and the low-carbon gas outlet are connected in sequence; and photosynthetic organisms are contained in the accommodating chamber.

[0011] Furthermore, the cooling gas inlet is connected to the bottom of the accommodating chamber, and the low-carbon gas outlet is connected to the top of the accommodating chamber.

[0012] Furthermore, the heating gas outlet is located at the center of the vortex line of the guide baffle.

[0013] Furthermore, a shielding cover is provided directly above the primary heat exchange gas inlet, and the shielding cover is used to prevent condensed liquid from flowing back into the heating gas outlet.

[0014] Furthermore, the shell is a component made of transparent material.

[0015] Furthermore, the cooling gas inlet is provided with a mesh plate, and is connected to the interior of the shell through the mesh plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the biological carbon fixation device also includes a stirrer, and the stirrer is arranged in the shell.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. After the fermentation tail gas passes through the pressurized heating device, its temperature rises, increasing the temperature difference between it and the primary heat exchange liquid. This effectively increases the heat density in the tail gas, facilitating heat transfer to the heat exchange liquid, thereby improving energy conversion efficiency. During the heat exchange process, the pressurized and heated gas and the heat exchange liquid achieve a faster heat transfer rate, improving thermal energy utilization and reducing energy waste.

[0019] 2. Maintaining a certain negative pressure inside the pressurized heating device helps to smoothly discharge the exhaust gas generated by the fermentation system. This negative pressure ensures that the exhaust gas can continuously and stably enter the device for treatment, preventing exhaust gas accumulation, improving treatment efficiency and system safety.

[0020] 3. Furthermore, the pressurization and heating device is connected to the fermentation system's stirring power system via an eccentric transmission mechanism, eliminating the need for an additional power source. When the stirring device is operating, power is transmitted to the pressurization and heating device via the eccentric transmission mechanism, driving its efficient operation. This design simplifies the equipment structure and reduces costs, while simultaneously achieving synergy between stirring and exhaust gas treatment, enhancing the fermentation system's economical and energy efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an energy-saving system for cascade recovery of heat from fermentation tail gas according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the pressurizing and heating device and the first heat exchange device shown;

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the biological carbon fixation device shown;

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the pressurized temperature increasing device shown.

[0025] In the figure: 1. Pressurization and heating device; 101. Exhaust gas inlet; 102. Pressurization chamber; 103. Guide baffle; 104. Movable baffle; 105. Heating gas outlet; 2. First heat exchange device; 201. Primary heat exchange box; 202. Primary heat exchange gas inlet; 203. Primary heat exchange chamber; 204. Primary heat exchange gas outlet; 205. Condensate outlet; 206. Primary heat exchange liquid inlet; 207. Primary 1. Secondary heat exchange tube; 208. Primary heat exchange liquid outlet; 3. Secondary heat exchange device; 301. Secondary heat exchange box; 302. Secondary heat exchange gas inlet; 303. Heat exchange baffle; 304. Secondary heat exchange gas outlet; 305. Secondary heat exchange liquid inlet; 306. Secondary heat exchange liquid outlet; 4. Biological carbon fixation device; 401. Shell; 402. Cooling gas inlet; 403. Low-carbon gas outlet; 5. Shielding cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. It should be noted that, under the premise of no conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0027] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it may be directly attached to the other element, or there may be an intermediate element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element, or there may be an intermediate element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms used in this specification are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0029] See also Figure 1-Figure 4 A preferred embodiment of the present invention is an energy-saving system for cascade recovery of heat from fermentation tail gas, comprising: a pressurizing and heating device 1 and a first heat exchange device 2.

[0030] The pressurized heating device 1 includes an exhaust gas inlet 101, a pressurized chamber 102, a guide baffle 103, a movable baffle 104, a heated gas outlet 105 and an eccentric transmission mechanism. The exhaust gas inlet 101 is used to introduce the fermentation exhaust gas into the pressurized chamber 102. The guide baffle 103 is arranged in the pressurized chamber 102. The guide baffle 103 is a spiral line structure. The movable baffle 104 is a spiral line structure. The movable baffle 104 cooperates with the guide baffle 103. The movable baffle 104 can move closely against the guide baffle 103 and squeeze the space between the movable baffle 104 and the guide baffle 103 to heat the fermentation tail gas. The heated gas outlet 105 is used to discharge the heated tail gas. The eccentric transmission mechanism is used to connect to the stirring power system of the fermentation system and be driven by the stirring power system. The eccentric transmission mechanism is driven and connected to the movable baffle 104 so that the movable baffle 104 can perform eccentric movement relative to the guide baffle 103.

[0031] The temperature of fermentation off-gas generated during industrial production is typically low, typically below 80 degrees Celsius. Due to the low temperature of the fermentation off-gas, it is difficult to generate a sufficient temperature difference, resulting in low heat exchange efficiency. To improve this efficiency, the fermentation off-gas is heated using a pressurized heating device 1. The heating principle of the pressurized heating device 1 is based on the work performed on the gas during compression, a compression process similar to the operating mechanism of a scroll compressor. When the movable baffle 104 rotates around the guide baffle 103, multiple cavities are formed between them. The outermost cavities increase in volume and generate negative pressure, drawing gas into the compression area. As the movable baffle 104 continues to move, these cavities gradually move toward the center, gradually decreasing in volume. The gas pressure and temperature gradually increase, achieving compression and heating of the fermentation off-gas. The structure of this device enables it to operate without lubricating oil. This not only reduces potential contamination of the fermentation off-gas by lubricating oil, reducing the complexity and cost of off-gas treatment, but also prevents the accumulation of oil stains within the device, ensuring that the device remains clean over time and reducing maintenance requirements. At the same time, the device has high working efficiency and good energy-saving characteristics. The pressurizing and heating device 1 is connected to the stirring power system of the fermentation system through an eccentric transmission mechanism. This connection method not only simplifies the overall structural design, but also improves the integration and operation efficiency of the system. The eccentric transmission mechanism can achieve precise power transmission through an eccentric wheel, an eccentric gear, or a combination of a gear and an eccentric wheel, ensuring the coordinated operation of the pressurizing and heating device 1 and the fermentation system. The pressurizing and heating device 1 can achieve a greater energy conversion efficiency with relatively less energy input, so that the fermentation tail gas can be more fully utilized.

[0032] The first heat exchange device 2 includes a primary heat exchange box 201 and a primary heat exchange gas inlet 202, a primary heat exchange cavity 203, a primary heat exchange gas outlet 204, a condensed liquid outlet 205, a primary heat exchange liquid inlet 206, a primary heat exchange pipe 207 and a primary heat exchange liquid outlet 208 provided in the primary heat exchange box 201; the primary heat exchange gas inlet 202, the primary heat exchange cavity 203 and the primary heat exchange gas outlet 204 are connected in sequence; the primary heat exchange pipe 207 is provided in the primary heat exchange cavity 203; the condensed liquid outlet 205 is connected to the primary heat exchange cavity 203; the primary heat exchange liquid inlet 206, the primary heat exchange pipe 207 and the primary heat exchange liquid outlet 208 are connected in sequence.

[0033] After being pressurized and heated, the fermentation tail gas flows into the primary heat exchange chamber 203 through the heated gas outlet 105 and the primary heat exchange gas inlet 202, where it comes into contact with the primary heat exchange tube 207 located within the heat exchange chamber for heat exchange. The primary heat exchange liquid flows into the interior of the primary heat exchange tube 207 from the primary heat exchange liquid inlet 206 and, after completing the heat exchange, flows out from the primary heat exchange liquid outlet 208. The large temperature difference between the fermentation tail gas and the primary heat exchange liquid facilitates the heat exchange process. The heat captured by the primary heat exchange liquid can be used to heat or preheat the fermentation system, achieving initial effective utilization of heat. Condensate generated during the heat exchange process by the fermentation tail gas is discharged from the chamber through the condensate liquid outlet 205 located at the bottom of the primary heat exchange chamber 203. The discharged condensate can be collected and, after treatment, used as a water supply for the fermentation system, achieving resource recycling and reducing water consumption. To improve heat exchange efficiency, primary heat exchange tubes 207 are arranged in a vortex pattern, staggered within primary heat exchange chamber 203. This effectively increases the heat exchange area, allowing for more efficient heat exchange between the fermentation off-gas and the primary heat exchange liquid. This also extends the gas flow path around the heat exchange tubes, increasing contact time and thus improving overall heat exchange efficiency.

[0034] Working principle: The pressurizing and heating device 1 is used to perform work on the fermentation tail gas to achieve the heating of the fermentation gas. The principle of the compression process is similar to the working mechanism of a scroll compressor. When the movable baffle 104 rotates around the guide baffle 103, multiple cavities are formed between the two. The outermost cavity generates negative pressure due to the increase in volume, thereby sucking the gas into the compression area. As the movable baffle 104 continues to move, these cavities gradually move toward the center, the volume gradually decreases, and the pressure and temperature of the gas gradually increase, thereby achieving compression and heating of the fermentation tail gas. The pressurizing and heating device 1 is connected to the stirring power system of the fermentation system through an eccentric transmission mechanism, and utilizes the stirring power of the fermentation system to treat the fermentation tail gas. The heated fermentation tail gas flows into the primary heat exchange chamber 203 through the heated gas outlet 105 and the primary heat exchange gas inlet 202, and heats the primary heat exchange liquid through the primary heat exchange pipe 207. The liquid condensed during the heat exchange process is discharged from the condensed liquid discharge port 205 , and the primary heat exchange gas after the heat exchange is completed is discharged from the primary heat exchange gas discharge port 204 .

[0035] Obviously, after the fermentation tail gas is treated by the pressurized heating device 1, the temperature increases, and the temperature difference between the tail gas and the primary heat exchange liquid increases, which effectively increases the heat density in the tail gas, facilitates the conduction of heat to the heat exchange liquid, and thus improves the energy conversion rate. During the heat exchange process, a faster heat transfer rate can be achieved between the pressurized and heated gas and the heat exchange liquid, thereby improving the utilization rate of thermal energy and reducing energy waste. Maintaining a certain negative pressure state inside the pressurized heating device 1 helps to smoothly discharge the tail gas generated by the fermentation system. This negative pressure ensures that the tail gas can continuously and stably enter the device for treatment, prevents the accumulation of tail gas, and improves the treatment efficiency and system safety. In addition, the pressurized heating device 1 is connected to the stirring power system of the fermentation system through an eccentric transmission mechanism, and no additional power source is required. When the stirring device is running, the power is transmitted to the pressurized heating device 1 through the eccentric transmission mechanism, driving it to operate efficiently. This design simplifies the equipment structure and reduces costs, while achieving the synergy between stirring and tail gas treatment, enhancing the economy and energy efficiency of the fermentation system.

[0036] In this embodiment, an energy-saving system for cascaded heat recovery from fermentation tail gas preferably further includes a second heat exchange device 3, comprising a secondary heat exchange box 301, and a secondary heat exchange gas inlet 302, a secondary heat exchange chamber, a secondary heat exchange gas outlet 304, a secondary heat exchange liquid inlet 305, a secondary liquid heat exchange chamber, a secondary heat exchange liquid outlet 306, and a plurality of heat exchange baffles 303 disposed therein. The primary heat exchange gas outlet 204, the secondary heat exchange gas inlet 302, the secondary heat exchange chamber, and the secondary heat exchange gas outlet 304 are sequentially connected; the secondary heat exchange liquid inlet 305, the secondary liquid heat exchange chamber, and the secondary heat exchange liquid outlet 306 are sequentially connected. Gas after primary heat exchange flows from the secondary heat exchange gas inlet 302 into the second heat exchange device 3. The secondary heat exchange gas is distributed at intervals in the channels separated by the heat exchange baffles 303. The heat exchange baffles 303 divide the heat exchange space into multiple accommodation spaces to ensure that the gas and the baffles are in full contact to achieve heat transfer. At the same time, the secondary heat exchange liquid flows in from the secondary heat exchange liquid inlet 305, and is distributed alternately with the secondary heat exchange liquid in the baffles to exchange heat with the gas. Heat is transferred from the high-temperature gas to the low-temperature liquid, and the liquid after heat exchange flows out from the heat exchange liquid outlet. The alternating arrangement of the secondary heat exchange gas and the secondary heat exchange liquid increases the heat exchange area and makes the heat exchange more complete. The heat exchange baffles 303 are made of materials with good thermal conductivity and can transfer heat efficiently. The baffles on both sides of the first baffle are made of thermal insulation materials to reduce heat loss and improve heat exchange efficiency. The secondary heat exchange liquid after heat exchange can be used to keep the fermentation device warm to meet the appropriate fermentation temperature, realize energy secondary utilization, and reduce production costs.

[0037] An energy-saving system for cascaded heat recovery from fermentation exhaust gas also includes multiple first baffles and multiple second baffles, which are stacked in an alternating pattern. Each first baffle is provided with a secondary heat exchange chamber, which are interconnected. Each second baffle is provided with a secondary liquid heat exchange chamber, which are interconnected. In the secondary heat exchange device, the secondary heat exchange chamber is used to hold the secondary heat exchange gas, while the secondary liquid heat exchange chamber is used to hold the secondary heat exchange liquid. The stacked first and second baffles allow the heat exchange liquid and heat exchange gas to flow within their respective channels and exchange heat on either side of the baffles. This structure significantly increases the contact area between the secondary heat exchange liquid and the secondary heat exchange gas, thereby ensuring more efficient heat exchange. The stacked arrangement of the first and second baffles forms multiple independent heat exchange channels, ensuring even distribution of the secondary heat exchange liquid and secondary heat exchange gas during flow, resulting in more uniform heat transfer and avoiding localized overheating or overcooling.

[0038] In this embodiment, an energy-saving system for cascaded heat recovery of fermentation exhaust gas preferably further includes a biological carbon fixation device 4, comprising a housing 401, a cooling gas inlet 402, a receiving chamber, and a low-carbon gas outlet 403 disposed therein. The secondary heat exchange gas outlet 304, the cooling gas inlet 402, the receiving chamber, and the low-carbon gas outlet 403 are sequentially connected; the receiving chamber contains photosynthetic organisms. Carbon dioxide is the most abundant component in fermentation exhaust gas, and its emissions typically account for the vast majority of the total exhaust gas volume. Direct emission of large amounts of carbon dioxide significantly exacerbates the greenhouse effect, leading to a series of environmental issues such as global warming and sea level rise, and is detrimental to environmental protection and sustainable development. Utilizing the carbon dioxide in fermentation exhaust gas as a raw material can effectively reduce its environmental impact. Therefore, introducing high concentrations of carbon dioxide into the culture of photosynthetic organisms, such as algae, microalgae, or higher plants, promotes their photosynthesis and achieves environmentally friendly carbon fixation. Since carbon dioxide is a key raw material for photosynthesis, high concentrations of exhaust gas not only do not inhibit photosynthesis, but can significantly increase photosynthetic efficiency and accelerate carbon fixation and conversion. Furthermore, photosynthetic organisms cultivated through photosynthesis are rich in nutrients such as protein and lipids, and can be used as high-quality feed in aquaculture, livestock and poultry farming, or the fermentation industry, achieving resource recycling while reducing the environmental impact of traditional feed production. This technology not only reduces carbon emissions but also creates economic value, offering significant environmental and economic benefits.

[0039] The cooling gas inlet 402 is connected to the bottom of the accommodating chamber, and the low-carbon gas outlet 403 is connected to the top of the accommodating chamber. The accommodating chamber contains algae and the liquid in which they are cultured. After two heat exchanges, the cooling gas will flow in from the cooling gas inlet 402 located at the bottom of the accommodating chamber. After entering, the gas will rise and come into contact with the algae to carry out photosynthesis. The air inlet at the bottom prolongs the contact time between carbon dioxide and algae, thereby improving the carbon fixation effect, promoting the absorption of carbon dioxide by algae, and then improving the photosynthesis efficiency, which is conducive to the growth and reproduction of algae. During the photosynthesis process, algae convert carbon dioxide into organic matter, which not only reduces the carbon content in the water, but also provides energy and material basis for the growth of the algae themselves.

[0040] The heating gas outlet 105 is located at the center of the vortex line of the guide baffle 103. The space between the movable baffle 104 and the guide baffle 103 gradually decreases from the outside to the inside. As the movable baffle 104 moves, the gas is gradually compressed, the cavity continues to shrink, and the gas pressure gradually increases. When the gas reaches the center of the vortex line, the cavity reaches its minimum, and the gas pressure reaches its maximum at this time. The heating gas outlet 105 is located at the center of the vortex line, and can discharge the fermentation tail gas that has been pressurized and heated in time. It ensures that the fermentation tail gas can be quickly discharged from the system after reaching the maximum pressure, thereby ensuring the efficient progress of the pressurization and heating process.

[0041] In this embodiment, preferably, a shielding cover 5 is provided directly above the primary heat exchange gas inlet 202, and the shielding cover 5 is used to prevent the condensed liquid from flowing back into the heating gas outlet 105. In the primary heat exchange stage, the primary heat exchange gas containing more water enters the primary heat exchange chamber 203 and exchanges heat with the primary heat exchange liquid. In this process, the gas produces condensate due to the release of heat. If these condensates drip onto the primary heat exchange gas inlet 202 and flow into the pressurized heating device 1, it will affect the heating effect of the fermentation tail gas and cause pollution to the pressurized heating device 1. Therefore, a shielding cover 5 is provided. The shielding cover 5 has a conical structure and can smoothly guide the dripping condensate to the bottom of the primary heat exchange chamber 203. At the same time, the liquid condensed on the shielding cover 5 itself can also be guided to the bottom of the primary heat exchange chamber 203. This design effectively avoids interference of the condensate on the pressurizing and heating device 1 , ensures smooth progress of the fermentation tail gas heating process, and maintains the normal operation and clean state of the pressurizing and heating device 1 .

[0042] Furthermore, the housing 401 is a component made of a transparent material. Shell 401 contains photosynthetic organisms. Shell 401 is made of a transparent material and can directly utilize sunlight for photosynthesis. This transparent material allows sunlight to directly enter the interior of shell 401, providing the necessary lighting conditions for the photosynthetic organisms. This process eliminates the need for an additional light source during the day, reducing the energy consumption and operating costs of the device, enabling the device to efficiently support the growth and metabolic activities of photosynthetic organisms during the day. By reducing the use of artificial light sources, energy consumption is reduced, and a more natural and stable growth environment is provided for photosynthetic organisms, thereby better achieving carbon sequestration and energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0043] The cooling gas inlet 402 is provided with a mesh plate, which communicates with the interior of the housing 401. As the cooling gas passes through the mesh plate, it is divided into numerous small bubbles by the multiple meshes on the plate. Compared to larger bubbles, small bubbles have a larger contact area with the liquid, promoting more efficient carbon dioxide absorption by the algae. Algae utilize carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, converting it into organic matter, thereby effectively fixing the carbon dioxide. This not only improves carbon fixation efficiency but also promotes algae growth and reproduction.

[0044] The biological carbon fixation device 4 also includes an agitator, which is located within the housing 401. The agitator is used to enhance mixing within the housing 401, ensuring sufficient contact between the gas and the algae, thereby improving photosynthesis efficiency. Continuous agitation evenly distributes the algae in the water, preventing sedimentation and promoting the uniform dispersion of nutrients, thereby improving the carbon fixation capacity of the entire device and the growth efficiency of the algae.

[0045] In the description of this specification, the reference terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and integrate different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as features of different embodiments or examples, unless they are mutually inconsistent.

[0046] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. Throughout the description of this application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0047] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and such modifications or substitutions should be included within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. An energy-saving system for cascade recovery of heat from fermentation tail gas, characterized in that: include: A pressurizing and heating device (1) includes an exhaust gas inlet (101), a pressurizing chamber (102), a guide baffle (103), a movable baffle (104), a heated gas outlet (105), and an eccentric transmission mechanism. The exhaust gas inlet (101) is used to introduce fermentation exhaust gas into the pressurizing chamber (102). The guide baffle (103) is arranged in the pressurizing chamber (102). The guide baffle (103) is a vortex line structure. The movable baffle (104) is a vortex line structure. The movable baffle (104) and the guide baffle (105) are connected to each other. 3) in cooperation, the movable baffle (104) can move closely against the guide baffle (103) and squeeze the space between the movable baffle (104) and the guide baffle (103) to heat the fermentation tail gas, and the heated gas outlet (105) is used to discharge the heated tail gas; the eccentric transmission mechanism is used to connect to the stirring power system of the fermentation system to be driven by the stirring power system; the eccentric transmission mechanism is driven and connected to the movable baffle (104) so ​​that the movable baffle (104) can perform eccentric movement relative to the guide baffle (103); A first heat exchange device (2), comprising a primary heat exchange box (201), and a primary heat exchange gas inlet (202), a primary heat exchange cavity (203), a primary heat exchange gas outlet (204), a condensed liquid outlet (205), a primary heat exchange liquid inlet (206), a primary heat exchange pipe (207), and a primary heat exchange liquid outlet (208) arranged on the primary heat exchange box (201); the primary heat exchange gas inlet (202), the primary heat exchange cavity (203), and the primary heat exchange gas outlet (204) are connected in sequence; the primary heat exchange pipe (207) is arranged in the primary heat exchange cavity (203); the condensed liquid outlet (205) is connected to the primary heat exchange cavity (203); the primary heat exchange liquid inlet (206), the primary heat exchange pipe (207), and the primary heat exchange liquid outlet (208) are connected in sequence.

2. The energy-saving system for cascade recovery of heat from fermentation tail gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy-saving system for cascade recovery of heat from fermentation tail gas further comprises a second heat exchange device (3), the second heat exchange device (3) comprising a secondary heat exchange box (301) and a secondary heat exchange gas inlet (302), a secondary heat exchange cavity, a secondary heat exchange gas outlet (304), a secondary heat exchange liquid inlet (305), a secondary liquid heat exchange cavity, a secondary heat exchange liquid outlet (306) and a plurality of heat exchange baffles (303) arranged on the secondary heat exchange box (301); the primary heat exchange gas outlet (204), the secondary heat exchange gas inlet (302), the secondary heat exchange cavity and the secondary heat exchange gas outlet (304) are connected in sequence; the secondary heat exchange liquid inlet (305), the secondary liquid heat exchange cavity and the secondary heat exchange liquid outlet (306) are connected in sequence.

3. The energy-saving system for cascade recovery of heat from fermentation tail gas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The energy-saving system for the step-by-step recovery of heat from fermentation tail gas also includes a plurality of first baffles and a plurality of second baffles, which are stacked in an alternating manner. Each of the first baffles is provided with the secondary heat exchange chamber, and the secondary heat exchange chambers are connected in sequence; each of the second baffles is provided with the secondary liquid heat exchange chamber, and the secondary liquid heat exchange chambers are connected in sequence.

4. The energy-saving system for cascade recovery of heat from fermentation tail gas according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The energy-saving system for cascade recovery of heat from fermentation tail gas further comprises a biological carbon fixation device (4), the biological carbon fixation device (4) comprising a shell (401) and a cooling gas inlet (402), a containing chamber and a low-carbon gas outlet (403) arranged on the shell (401), the secondary heat exchange gas outlet (304), the cooling gas inlet (402), the containing chamber and the low-carbon gas outlet (403) being connected in sequence; and photosynthetic organisms are contained in the containing chamber.

5. The energy-saving system for cascade recovery of heat from fermentation tail gas according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cooling gas inlet (402) is connected to the bottom of the accommodating chamber, and the low-carbon gas outlet (403) is connected to the top of the accommodating chamber.

6. The energy-saving system for cascade recovery of heat from fermentation tail gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating gas outlet (105) is located at the center of the vortex line of the guide baffle (103).

7. The energy-saving system for cascade recovery of heat from fermentation tail gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: A shielding cover (5) is provided directly above the primary heat exchange gas inlet (202), and the shielding cover (5) is used to prevent condensed liquid from flowing back into the heating gas outlet (105).

8. The energy-saving system for cascade recovery of heat from fermentation tail gas according to claim 4, characterized in that: The housing (401) is a component made of a transparent material.

9. The energy-saving system for cascade recovery of heat from fermentation tail gas according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cooling gas inlet (402) is provided with a mesh plate and is connected to the interior of the housing (401) through the mesh plate.

10. The energy-saving system for cascade recovery of heat from fermentation tail gas according to claim 9, characterized in that: The biological carbon fixation device (4) further comprises a stirrer, which is arranged in the housing (401).

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