Highly adaptable low-temperature end-face sealing test device with pneumatic parking sealing function

Abstract

This invention discloses a highly adaptable low-temperature end-face sealing test device with pneumatically controlled parking sealing function, belonging to the field of low-temperature sealing test technology. The device includes a housing, shaft system, pneumatically controlled parking sealing assembly, front cover, rear cover, dynamic ring assembly, static ring assembly, control airflow channel, rear cover sealing adjustment pad, and front cover sealing pad. The sealing state is switched between parking and running states via pneumatic control. Through a three-bearing and two-bearing design, the axial load capacity of the shaft system is significantly improved, addressing the large axial forces caused by different large-size, high-pressure products, improving the adaptability of the device, and reducing device cost and processing cycle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a highly adaptable low-temperature end-face sealing test device with pneumatically controlled parking sealing function, belonging to the field of low-temperature sealing test technology. Background Technology

[0002] The end face seal for liquid rocket engine turbopump is a key component of liquid rocket engine turbopump. The operation of cryogenic end face seals under low temperature, high speed and high pressure is an effective means of evaluating cryogenic end face seals. At the same time, it is also a preliminary test of the sealing performance of cryogenic end face seal products. Only products that pass the test can be used for turbopump assembly.

[0003] Among the authorized or published patents concerning cryogenic end-face seals for liquid rocket engines, the cryogenic end-face seal test devices all structurally include a shell, shaft system, dynamic ring assembly, and stationary ring assembly. However, traditional end-face seal test devices have two significant shortcomings. Firstly, the process sealing structure used cannot switch between operating and shutdown states. If a contact seal is used, it will cause wear and frequent replacement of the process seal during operation; if a non-contact seal is used, the sealing effect will be poor during shutdown. Furthermore, with the increasing number of product tests, frequent replacement of process seals not only increases the cost of consumable parts but also involves cumbersome assembly, which no longer meets the development requirements for high-efficiency testing. Secondly, with the increased capacity of liquid rocket engine turbopumps, the pressure conditions and mechanical dimensions of end-face seal products have increased significantly, raising the requirements for rotor axial force. The traditional end-face seal test device structure cannot withstand high axial forces and has poor adaptability to different products and operating conditions.

[0004] In order to improve the process seal life and load capacity of the low-temperature end face sealing test device, and to enhance the adaptability of the low-temperature end face sealing test device to different products, it is urgent in engineering practice to develop a test device with reusable and easy-to-assemble process seal that can be adapted to a variety of low-temperature end face sealing products, so as to achieve the goal of multi-specification products, efficient testing, and saving test resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem solved by this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and propose a highly adaptable low-temperature end-face sealing test device with pneumatic control for parking sealing function. It can effectively complete process sealing in both operation and parking states, and at the same time meet the requirements of various product specifications and adapt to different axial force conditions caused by different working conditions.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is:

[0007] A highly adaptable low-temperature end-face sealing test device with pneumatic parking sealing function includes a housing, a shaft system, a pneumatic parking sealing assembly, a front cover, a rear cover, a dynamic ring assembly, a static ring assembly, a control airflow channel, a rear cover sealing adjustment pad, and a front cover sealing pad.

[0008] The front and rear ends of the housing are respectively connected to the front cover and the rear cover; the housing cavity contains a shaft system, the rear end of which extends out of the rear cover and connects to the external speed increaser; the front end of the shaft system cantilever extends out and connects to the dynamic ring assembly.

[0009] The test stationary ring is fixed in the inner cavity of the housing and near the front end cover by the stationary ring assembly. The test moving ring is fixed by the moving ring assembly and rotates with the shaft system. The sealing surface of the test moving ring and the sealing surface of the test stationary ring form a friction pair.

[0010] The pneumatic parking seal assembly is located between the shaft system and the rear end cover, and includes an expandable tire seal, a C-shaped expansion ring, and a pneumatic parking seal gland. The expandable tire seal is an annular seal with a circumferential groove in the middle. The C-shaped expansion ring is placed in the circumferential groove and has elastic margin. The pneumatic parking seal gland fastens the expandable tire seal to the rear end cover. A control cavity is formed between the expandable tire seal and the housing.

[0011] A medium inlet hole is provided on the side wall of the housing and above the dynamic ring assembly, and a medium outlet hole is provided on the side wall of the housing and near the rear end cover. The medium flows into the inner cavity of the housing through the medium inlet hole and flows out of the housing through the medium outlet hole.

[0012] The rear end cover is equipped with an inner flow channel, which is connected to an external control air source. The control air flows into the control chamber through the inner flow channel. By controlling the on and off of the control air, the sealing gap between the expansion tire seal and the shaft system is changed, thereby achieving the sealing switch between the parking state and the running state.

[0013] Furthermore, the surface of the expansion-type seal that contacts the shaft system is the sealing surface, and the sealing surface has a thin-walled structure.

[0014] Furthermore, the shafting system includes a main shaft, angular contact bearings, a front bearing lock, a rear bearing lock, and a liquid seal wheel;

[0015] The rear end of the main spindle is the shaft head drive end, which extends out of the rear end cover and connects to the external speed increaser. The front cantilever extends out and connects to the dynamic ring assembly.

[0016] An angular contact bearing is located on the front side of the spindle as a dead-point bearing and is fixed to the housing by locking (7) the front bearing.

[0017] One or two angular contact bearings are located on the rear side of the spindle, and the spindle is locked by locking the rear bearing.

[0018] The liquid seal wheel is used to achieve a seal between the spindle and the rear end cover.

[0019] Furthermore, when the control air is not introduced, the system is in operation, and the expansion tire seal is in a non-pressurized free state. Under the action of the C-type expansion ring, the expansion tire seal is in close contact with the rear end cover in the circumferential direction, and the sealing surface and the shaft surface are in a non-contact state with a small circumferential gap. The shaft sealing is achieved by the pressure reduction of the liquid seal wheel and the small circumferential gap between the sealing surface and the shaft.

[0020] After the control air is introduced and the system is in a stopped state, the annular cavity of the expansion seal is pressurized to overcome the elastic force of the C-shaped expansion ring that pushes it outward. The expansion seal deforms and forms a tight contact with the shaft system, thus achieving shaft sealing.

[0021] Furthermore, when an angular contact bearing is used on the rear side of the spindle, a bearing sleeve is provided to support the spindle. The two bearings located on the front and rear sides of the spindle form a back-to-back support configuration.

[0022] Furthermore, when two angular contact bearings are used on the rear side of the spindle, the two angular contact bearings are installed face to face, and a preload shim is placed between the two angular contact bearings to eliminate the clearance of the angular contact bearings.

[0023] Furthermore, a liquid seal wheel adjusting shim and a rear end cover sealing adjusting shim are provided, and the distance between the liquid seal wheel and the end face of the rear end cover can be adjusted through the two adjusting shims.

[0024] Furthermore, the rotating ring assembly includes a rotating ring bushing, a rotating ring adjusting bushing, and a rotating ring lock; the axial distance between the rotating ring sealing surface and the stationary ring assembly surface is adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the rotating ring adjusting bushing and the stationary ring adjusting shim.

[0025] Furthermore, the stationary ring assembly includes an adapter, a stationary ring adjusting shim, and an adapter shim;

[0026] The test ring is connected to the housing via an adapter, and the adapter is securely connected to the housing and has coaxiality.

[0027] The stationary ring adjustment shim is placed between the stationary ring under test and the adapter.

[0028] The adapter gasket is placed between the adapter and the housing.

[0029] Furthermore, the device is equipped with data acquisition equipment, including:

[0030] On the housing, a sealed cavity is formed between the rotating ring assembly, the stationary ring assembly, and the front bearing; on the sealed cavity, pressure measuring hole I and temperature measuring hole I are respectively opened, and pressure sensor and temperature sensor are respectively connected;

[0031] Pressure measuring hole II, temperature measuring hole II, and leakage hole are opened on the front end cover, and pressure sensor, temperature sensor, and leakage pipeline flow meter are respectively connected.

[0032] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0033] (1) The present invention is equipped with a tire-type seal in the device. The process sealing gap is changed by air control to complete the switching of the sealing state in the shutdown and operation states. When the device is stopped, the process seal and the shaft system are tightly clamped to form a contact seal. When the device is in operation, the pressure is reduced by the liquid seal wheel and the small gap of the process seal to form a non-contact seal. This greatly extends the service life of the process seal, reduces the number of times the seal is reassembled, and saves the cost of consumable parts.

[0034] (2) The present invention adapts to the axial force generated by sealing products under various working conditions through dual-bearing and triple-bearing schemes. At the same time, by selecting liquid seal wheels with different pressure reduction capabilities and axial load balancing capabilities, the axial load can be adjusted within a certain range while ensuring dynamic sealing capability, thus adapting to various pressure conditions.

[0035] (3) This invention meets the docking requirements of different product sizes through the adapter, thereby adapting to sealing products of various specifications and sizes. This not only improves the service life of the device and process seals, reduces the cost of consumable parts and the processing cycle of the test device, but also reduces the workload of the staff, increases the upper limit of the device's use, and improves the overall work efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-adaptability low-temperature end-face sealing test device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an expansion tire type seal according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 The following are schematic diagrams of the assembly states of embodiments of the present invention: (a) is a schematic diagram of the assembly state of a dual-bearing assembly, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the assembly state of a three-bearing assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0040] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0041] This invention proposes a highly adaptable low-temperature end-face sealing test device with pneumatically controlled parking sealing function, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a housing 1, a shaft system, a pneumatic parking sealing assembly, a front cover 3, a rear cover 4, a dynamic ring assembly, a static ring assembly, a control airflow channel 15, a rear cover sealing adjustment pad 20, and a front cover sealing pad 21.

[0042] The shaft system includes a main shaft 2, bearing 17, front bearing locking 7, rear bearing locking 9, preload shim 11, liquid seal wheel 12, and liquid seal wheel adjusting shim 13. The dynamic seal adapted to the parking seal of this device is completed by the liquid seal wheel 12. The rear end seal of the device adopts the sealing form of the liquid seal wheel 12. The liquid seal wheel 12 uses different sizes under different test pressure conditions. The installation of the liquid seal wheel 12 can be adjusted by using the liquid seal wheel adjusting shim 13 and the rear end cover sealing adjusting shim 20 to adjust the distance between the liquid seal wheel 12 and the end face of the rear end cover 3. Finally, by adjusting the specifications of the liquid seal wheel 12 and the adjusting shim 14, the axial force is controlled, balancing the shaft system load under different pressure conditions.

[0043] The pneumatic parking sealing assembly mainly consists of an expansion tire seal 10 and a C-shaped expansion ring 14, such as... Figure 2 As shown. The expandable tire seal 10 is an annular seal with a circumferential annular groove in the middle. The annular groove has a "convex" structure. The "convex" space between the expandable tire seal 10 and the housing 1 forms a control cavity. A C-type expansion ring 14 mounting groove is provided in the annular groove. The expandable tire seal 10 is fastened to the rear end cover by the pneumatically controlled parking sealing cover 16, which restricts the axial and radial displacement of the expandable tire seal. The C-type expansion ring 14 is a metal part that needs to be pre-assembled into the expandable tire seal 10 and has a certain elastic margin to ensure that the expandable tire seal 10 has a certain outward expansion force in the non-ventilated state, so that the sealing surface is separated from the main shaft 2. The sealing surface of the expandable tire seal 10 has a thin-walled structure, which facilitates deformation after pressurization. When the expandable tire seal 10 is stopped, it is in a pressurized and deformed state, forming a contact seal. When running, it is in a non-pressurized and free state, forming a non-contact seal with the small gap with the shaft system and under the pressure reduction action of the liquid seal wheel 12.

[0044] The rotating ring assembly includes a rotating ring bushing 6, a rotating ring adjusting bushing 8, and a rotating ring locking 5. During operation, it rotates with the shaft system. The sealing surface of the rotating ring 18 and the sealing surface of the stationary ring 19 form a friction pair, which seals the medium in the sealing cavity relative to each other.

[0045] The stationary ring assembly includes an adapter 22, a stationary ring adjusting shim 23, and an adapter shim 24. During operation, it remains relatively stationary with respect to the housing 1. The sealing surface of the tested stationary ring 19 forms a friction pair with the sealing surface of the rotating ring 18, sealing the medium in the sealing cavity through relative rotation. The tested stationary ring 19 is connected to the housing 1 via the adapter 22. The adapter 22 and the housing 1 are fastened together with pins and bolts to ensure their coaxiality. By adjusting different adapters 22, various end-face sealing products can be adapted, achieving high compatibility of this device. A stationary ring adjusting shim 23 and an adapter shim 24 are respectively provided between the stationary ring 19 and the adapter 22, and between the adapter 22 and the housing 1. By adjusting the thickness of the rotating ring adjusting bushing 8 and the stationary ring adjusting shim 23, the axial distance between the sealing surface of the rotating ring 18 and the assembly surface of the stationary ring 19 is adjusted, thus completing the assembly adjustment of the compression of the stationary ring 19.

[0046] The housing 1 is sequentially connected to the rear end cover 4, the front end cover 3, and the pneumatic parking seal assembly. The pneumatic parking seal cover 16 is pressed and assembled to the rear end cover 4. The shaft system is supported and installed inside the housing 1 by the bearing 17. One end of the main shaft 2 extends out of the housing 1 and connects to the external speed increaser, while the other end extends out cantilevered and connects to the moving ring adjusting bushing 8, the moving ring 18, and the moving ring locking 5, which cooperate with the stationary ring 19 to form a seal.

[0047] The shutdown sealing is achieved through pneumatic control, enabling the switching between operating and shutdown states. During operation, the expandable seal is in a free state, and no gas is introduced into the control chamber. The expandable seal base, under the action of the C-shaped expansion ring, makes tight circumferential contact with the end cover. The sealing surface of the seal and the spindle surface maintain a small circumferential gap, remaining in contact. The spindle seal is achieved through pressure reduction via the operation of the liquid seal wheel and the small gap of the shutdown seal, preventing wear on the process seal during operation. In the shutdown state, nitrogen control gas is introduced into the control chamber, pressurizing the annular cavity of the expandable seal. This overcomes the outward expansion force of the C-shaped expansion ring, causing the non-metallic expandable seal base to deform and form a tight contact with the spindle, completing the seal in the shutdown state. In the shutdown state, there is no relative movement between the spindle and the sealing components, extending the service life of the process seal.

[0048] The spindle's support load and preload can be adjusted. The spindle can be fixed in two ways: the first is a dual-bearing support, such as... Figure 3 As shown in (a), the front end (the product side) and the rear end (the spindle head drive side) uses a single low-temperature angular contact bearing, while the rear end uses a bearing sleeve and a rear support bearing for shaft support. Shaft pre-tightening is achieved through the rear bearing cap and pre-tightening shims, with the two angular contact bearings forming a back-to-back configuration. The second support method uses a single low-temperature angular contact bearing at the front end and two low-temperature angular contact bearings at the rear end, installed face-to-face. Figure 3As shown in (b), the shaft preload is achieved by placing a preload shim between the two angular contact bearings.

[0049] The two support methods of this device can be achieved by replacing the bearing bushing 37. When using the double bearing preload method, the front bearing is a dead-point bearing, that is, both sides of the outer ring of the bearing are pressed and fixed. It is fixed to the housing 1 by the front bearing locking 7. The rear bearing is supported by the bearing bushing 37 and a single bearing. The shaft preload is completed by the rear bearing cover and the preload shim 11. The two angular contact bearings at the front and rear form a back-to-back support. When using the triple bearing preload method, the front bearing is still a dead-point bearing and is fixed to the housing 1 by the front bearing locking 7. The bearing bushing 37 is removed at the rear end and a double bearing is assembled. The double bearings at the rear end are installed face to face. The shaft preload is completed by setting a preload shim 11 between the two bearings to eliminate bearing clearance and locking the front bearing locking 7 at the same time, which increases the unidirectional load capacity of the shaft.

[0050] The rear end of the device employs a combination of a liquid-sealed wheel and a pneumatically controlled shutdown seal. The liquid-sealed wheel is mounted at the rear end of the shaft system. The distance between the liquid-sealed wheel and the rear end cover mounting surface is adjusted using liquid-sealed wheel adjusting shims and rear end cover sealing adjusting shims. The liquid-sealed wheel is designed with different sizes for different test pressure conditions. The pressure reduction capacity can be adjusted using the liquid-sealed wheel adjusting shims. The axial force can be controlled based on the sealing pressure difference before and after the liquid-sealed wheel and the effective working area of ​​the liquid-sealed wheel.

[0051] The distribution of the medium, measurement channels, and various cavities in this device is achieved by installing connecting nozzles at corresponding positions on the housing. On housing 1, a sealed cavity is formed between the dynamic ring assembly, the stationary ring assembly, and the front bearing locking 7. Within this sealed cavity are a medium inlet, a pressure measuring port I, and a temperature measuring port I, which are respectively connected to the test system's medium inlet pipeline, pressure sensor, and temperature sensor. A medium outlet is located at the rear bearing position, connected to the test system's discharge pipeline. The front seal and the front cover form a leakage cavity. The rear cover has a pressure measuring port II, a temperature measuring port II, and a leakage port, which are respectively connected to the pressure sensor, temperature sensor, and the discharge pipeline flow meter. The rear cover has an internal flow channel serving as a control airflow channel. A connecting nozzle on the rear cover 3 connects to an external control air source for air supply. The opening and closing of the shutdown seal is controlled by controlling the flow of this control airway.

[0052] The sealing product testing process first requires pre-cooling. A low-temperature medium, such as liquid nitrogen, is used to fully pre-cool the sealing cavity of housing 1. During pre-cooling, the gas path is controlled to ensure the stop seal closes tightly against the shaft system. Pre-cooling is complete once the temperature of the sealing cavity stabilizes, i.e., once the temperature sensor feedback signal from temperature measuring port I stabilizes. Before operational testing, the pressure in the sealing cavity must be adjusted to the rated operating pressure of the sealing product, i.e., adjusted to the sealing cavity pressure required by the dynamic ring 18 and stationary ring 19 of the tested product. The pressure can be fed back through the pressure sensor in pressure measuring port I. Once the sealing cavity pressure stabilizes, the control... The gas control circuit controls the gas, allowing the shutdown seal to be restored and operational testing to be performed. During operation, the gearbox drives the shaft system to operate at the rated speed. The sealing surface of the rotating ring 18 rotates with the shaft system, while the sealing surface of the stationary ring 19 remains stationary. The two sealing surfaces rotate relative to each other. During operation, the leakage medium from the sealing surface formed by the rotating ring 18 and the stationary ring 19 flows into the leakage chamber. The pressure sensor and temperature sensor arranged in the pressure measuring hole II and temperature measuring hole II of the front cover 3 can monitor the temperature and pressure of the leakage chamber, and the leakage hole can monitor the flow rate of the leakage medium, thereby obtaining the sealing performance of the rotating ring 18 and the stationary ring 19.

[0053] This invention discloses a highly adaptable cryogenic end-face sealing test device with pneumatically controlled parking sealing function. It has been successfully applied multiple times in cryogenic, high-pressure, and high-speed operation tests of various liquid rocket engine products under various operating conditions. Through this sealing test device, the sealing state can be switched between parking and operation states via pneumatic control, extending the service life of the rear-end seals (non-product seals) and reducing the number of reassemblies required for process seals. The axial load capacity of the shaft system can be significantly improved through three-bearing and double-bearing schemes, addressing the large axial forces caused by different large-size, high-pressure products. By selecting liquid seal wheels with different pressure reduction and axial load balancing capabilities, the axial load can be adjusted within a certain range while ensuring dynamic sealing capability. The adapter seat can meet the docking requirements of different product sizes, thus adapting to sealing products of various mechanical sizes. The compression of the stationary ring assembly can be adjusted by combining the stationary ring sealing adjustment shim and the dynamic ring adjustment bushing, meeting the assembly requirements of different compression amounts of products under reasonable processing methods. Ultimately, this improves the service life of the device and seals, enhances the adaptability of the device, and reduces device costs and processing cycles.

[0054] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. Ordinary variations and substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highly adaptable low-temperature end-face sealing test device with pneumatically controlled parking sealing function, characterized in that, It includes a housing (1), a shaft system, a pneumatic parking sealing assembly, a front cover (3), a rear cover (4), a dynamic ring assembly, a static ring assembly, a control airflow channel (15), a rear cover sealing adjustment pad (20), and a front cover sealing pad (21); The front end cover (3) and the rear end cover (4) are respectively connected to the front and rear ends of the housing (1); the inner cavity of the housing (1) is equipped with a shaft system, the rear end of the shaft system extends out of the rear end cover (4) and is connected to the external speed increaser; the front end of the shaft system extends out and is connected to the dynamic ring assembly; The test stationary ring (19) is fixed in the inner cavity of the housing (1) and close to the front end cover (3) by the stationary ring assembly. The test moving ring (18) is fixed by the moving ring assembly and rotates with the shaft system. The sealing surface of the test moving ring (18) and the sealing surface of the test stationary ring (19) form a friction pair. The pneumatic parking sealing assembly is located between the shaft system and the rear end cover (4), including a tire-type seal (10), a C-type expansion ring (14), and a pneumatic parking sealing gland (16); the tire-type seal (10) is an annular seal with a circumferential annular groove in the middle, the C-type expansion ring (14) is placed in the circumferential annular groove and has elastic margin, and the pneumatic parking sealing gland (16) fastens the tire-type seal (10) to the rear end cover (4); a control cavity is formed between the tire-type seal (10) and the housing (1); A medium inlet hole is provided on the side wall of the housing (1) and above the dynamic ring assembly. A medium outlet hole is provided on the side wall of the housing (1) and near the rear end cover (4). The medium flows into the inner cavity of the housing (1) through the medium inlet hole and flows out of the housing (1) through the medium outlet hole. The rear cover (4) is provided with an inner flow channel, which is connected to an external control air source. The control air flows into the control chamber through the inner flow channel. By controlling the opening and closing of the control air, the sealing gap between the expansion tire seal (10) and the shaft system is changed, thereby realizing the sealing switch between the parking state and the running state.

2. The highly adaptable low-temperature end-face sealing test device with pneumatically controlled parking sealing function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the expansion-type seal (10) that is in contact with the shaft system is the sealing surface, and the sealing surface has a thin-walled structure.

3. The highly adaptable low-temperature end-face sealing test device with pneumatically controlled parking sealing function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shaft system includes a main shaft (2), angular contact bearings, a front bearing lock (7), a rear bearing lock (9), and a liquid seal wheel (12); The rear end of the main shaft (2) is the shaft head drive end, which extends out of the rear end cover (4) and connects to the external speed increaser. The front cantilever extends out and connects to the dynamic ring assembly. An angular contact bearing is located on the front side of the main shaft (2) as a dead point bearing and is fixed to the housing (1) by the front bearing locking (7); One or two angular contact bearings are located on the rear side of the main shaft (2), and the main shaft (2) is locked by the rear bearing locking (9); The liquid seal wheel (12) is used to achieve a seal between the main shaft (2) and the rear end cover (4).

4. The highly adaptable low-temperature end-face sealing test device with pneumatically controlled parking sealing function according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the control gas is not introduced, it is in operation. The expansion tire seal (10) is in a non-pressurized free state. Under the action of the C-type expansion ring (14), the expansion tire seal (10) is in close contact with the rear end cover (4) in the circumferential direction. The sealing surface and the shaft surface are in a non-contact state with a small circumferential gap. The shaft sealing is achieved by the pressure reduction of the liquid seal wheel and the small circumferential gap between the sealing surface and the shaft. After the control air is introduced, the system is in a stopped state. The annular cavity of the expansion seal (10) is pressurized to overcome the elastic force of the C-shaped expansion ring (14) that pushes it outward. The expansion seal (10) deforms and forms a tight contact with the shaft system, thus achieving shaft sealing.

5. A highly adaptable low-temperature end-face sealing test device with pneumatically controlled parking sealing function according to claim 3, characterized in that, When an angular contact bearing is used on the rear side of the main shaft (2), a bearing sleeve (37) is provided, and the main shaft is supported by the bearing sleeve (37). The two bearings located on the front and rear sides of the main shaft (2) form a back-to-back support.

6. The highly adaptable low-temperature end-face sealing test device with pneumatically controlled parking sealing function according to claim 3, characterized in that, When two angular contact bearings are installed on the rear side of the spindle (2), the two angular contact bearings are installed face to face, and a preload shim (11) is placed between the two angular contact bearings to eliminate the clearance of the angular contact bearings.

7. A highly adaptable low-temperature end-face sealing test device with pneumatically controlled parking sealing function according to claim 3, characterized in that, It is also equipped with a liquid seal wheel adjustment shim (13) and a rear end cover sealing adjustment shim (20), and the distance between the liquid seal wheel (12) and the end face of the rear end cover (3) can be adjusted by the two adjustment shims.

8. The highly adaptable low-temperature end-face sealing test device with pneumatically controlled parking sealing function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating ring assembly includes a rotating ring bushing (6), a rotating ring adjusting bushing (8), and a rotating ring locking (5); the axial distance between the sealing surface of the rotating ring (18) and the assembly surface of the stationary ring (19) is adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the rotating ring adjusting bushing (8) and the stationary ring adjusting shim (23).

9. A highly adaptable low-temperature end-face sealing test device with pneumatically controlled parking sealing function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stationary ring assembly includes an adapter (22), a stationary ring adjusting shim (23), and an adapter shim (24); The test static ring (19) is connected to the housing (1) via the adapter (22). The adapter (22) is tightly connected to the housing (1) and has coaxiality. The stationary ring adjusting shim (23) is placed between the stationary ring under test (19) and the adapter (22); The adapter gasket (24) is disposed between the adapter (22) and the housing (1).

10. A highly adaptable low-temperature end-face sealing test device with pneumatically controlled parking sealing function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device is equipped with data acquisition equipment, including: On the housing (1), a sealed cavity is formed between the dynamic ring assembly, the stationary ring assembly and the front bearing locking (7); on the sealed cavity, pressure measuring hole I and temperature measuring hole I are respectively opened, and pressure sensor and temperature sensor are respectively connected; Pressure measuring hole II, temperature measuring hole II, and leakage hole are opened on the front end cover, and pressure sensor, temperature sensor, and leakage pipeline flow meter are respectively connected.

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