Multi-frequency and multi-mode GNSS antenna realized by combining PPO with PCB and method for realizing multi-frequency and multi-mode GNSS antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a multi-frequency and multi-mode GNSS antenna realized by combining PPO and PCB and a method thereof, the multi-frequency and multi-mode GNSS antenna comprises at least one layer of PPO substrate and a PCB, the PCB is fixedly attached to the upper surface of the PPO substrate, the upper end of the PCB is provided with an antenna body, the back surface of the PCB is communicated with a coaxial feeder line, the back surface of the PPO substrate is fixedly provided with a metal rod, the metal rod is perpendicular to the PPO substrate, and the metal rod is provided with an antenna body. In the application, the combination of PPO (or PPE and other similar materials, hereinafter collectively referred to as PPO) and FR4 materials is adopted, compared with a traditional ceramic material, the antenna has a remarkable cost advantage, a complex and expensive laser etching and chemical plating process is omitted, the production cost is reduced, and compared with a two-layer or multi-layer ceramic antenna superposition mode adopted by a traditional GNSS multi-frequency antenna, the antenna has the advantages that the antenna is simple in structure and convenient to use. According to the technology, the structure of one or two layers of PPO substrates and PCBs is used, the antenna structure is simplified, meanwhile, due to the fact that the structure is simplified, the debugging process is simpler and more convenient, and the technical difficulty and cost in the production and use process are further reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a multi-frequency and multi-mode GNSS antenna implemented by combining PPO with PCB and a method thereof. Background Art

[0002] GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) antennas are used in global positioning satellite systems such as GPS / GLONASS / Galileo / Beidou and are a crucial component of satellite navigation systems. Antenna types include ceramic patch antennas, quadrifilar helical antennas, dual-polarized PCB antennas, and various linearly polarized antennas, with ceramic patch antennas being the most widely used. Antennas are categorized by the navigation systems they support, including single-frequency single-mode, single-frequency multi-mode, multi-frequency single-mode, and multi-frequency multi-mode.

[0003] Most GNSS multi-frequency antennas in the existing technology use two or more layers of ceramic antennas stacked together. Each layer of antenna resonates out a frequency band, and then a pattern circuit is engraved on the dielectric through a laser engraving process. This leads to problems such as complex structure, difficult debugging, heavy weight, and high cost. Therefore, this application solves the technical problem of realizing a multi-frequency and multi-mode GNSS antenna using PPO combined with PCB and a method thereof. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this application is to use PPO combined with PCB to realize a multi-frequency and multi-mode GNSS antenna and a method thereof to solve the above technical problems.

[0005] The above-mentioned object of the present application is achieved through the following technical solution: a multi-frequency and multi-mode GNSS antenna realized by combining PPO with PCB, comprising at least one or two layers of PPO substrate and PCB board, wherein the PCB board is fixedly attached to the upper surface of the PPO substrate, the antenna body is provided on the upper end of the PCB board, the back of the PCB board is connected to the coaxial feed line, a metal rod is fixedly provided on the back of the PPO substrate, the metal rod and the PPO substrate are perpendicular to each other, and the metal rod wraps the coaxial feed line.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, in this application, a PPO (or PPE or other similar materials, hereinafter collectively referred to as PPO) + FR4 material combination is used, which has significant cost advantages compared to traditional ceramic materials, eliminates the complex and expensive laser engraving and lithography process, and reduces production costs. Compared with the two-layer or multi-layer ceramic antenna superposition method used in traditional GNSS multi-frequency antennas, this technology uses a layer of PPO substrate plus a PCB board structure, which simplifies the antenna structure and thus reduces costs. At the same time, due to the simplified structure, the debugging process is also simpler, further reducing the technical difficulty and cost during production and use.

[0007] Furthermore, compared with multilayer ceramic antennas, the overall weight of the present invention is lighter, which helps to reduce the burden on the equipment and improve portability. It also has a compact structure and small size, making it easy to integrate into various navigation and positioning devices, thereby improving the space utilization of the equipment.

[0008] Finally, the metal rod fixed on the back of the PPO substrate is perpendicular to the PPO substrate and wraps the coaxial feed line, which not only plays the role of signal transmission, but also provides stable support for the antenna, ensuring the stability of the antenna structure and the reliability of signal transmission.

[0009] Furthermore, the PPO substrate and the PCB board are provided with multiple layers and are bonded together.

[0010] By adopting this technical solution, each layer of PPO substrate and PCB is equipped with a coaxial feed line and metal rods. The combined design of multi-layer PPO substrate and PCB enables the antenna to resonate across a wider frequency band. Taking a double-layer structure as an example, the layered resonance design enables the antenna to simultaneously cover multiple frequency bands such as GPS L1 / L5, GLONASS G1 / G2 / G3, Galileo E1 / E5a / E5b, Beidou B1c / B2a / B2 / B2b. For example, the upper PPO+PCB layer can focus on high-frequency resonance, while the lower layer optimizes low-frequency performance. Through interlayer electromagnetic coupling, frequency band isolation and gain improvement are achieved, avoiding the frequency band interference problems of traditional single-layer structures.

[0011] Furthermore, the outer contours of the PPO substrate and the PCB board are square, rectangular, circular or special-shaped.

[0012] By adopting this technical solution, the square substrate exhibits isotropic radiation characteristics in the horizontal plane, and the 3D radiation pattern presents a more regular half-apple-shaped radiation wave, which is particularly suitable for scenarios requiring omnidirectional coverage. By adjusting the ratio of the square side length to the PPO dielectric thickness, the resonant cavity size of high and low frequency bands (such as L1 / L5) can be optimized, reducing coupling interference between frequency bands. In addition, the square structure facilitates the integration of multiple feed point networks on the PCB, supports symmetrical dual-band single feed point design, and simplifies the feeding system.

[0013] Circular substrates naturally possess 360° rotational symmetry, further suppressing pattern asymmetry and minimizing the impact of mounting orientation on performance, making them suitable for dynamic scenarios such as handheld devices and drones. By adjusting the ratio of diameter to the number of dielectric layers, the circular structure achieves wider frequency coverage. For example, a 60mm diameter circular double-layer substrate can simultaneously support L1, L2, and L5 resonances.

[0014] Furthermore, a method for realizing a multi-frequency and multi-mode GNSS antenna using PPO combined with PCB is applied to any one of the above technical solutions, wherein the method for realizing a multi-frequency and multi-mode GNSS antenna using PPO combined with PCB comprises the following steps: S1. Use PPO as the substrate medium, and match it with a PCB board made of FR4 material. Take advantage of the low dielectric loss and high mechanical strength of PPO and FR4 (or high-frequency board) to form a composite structure with low cost and excellent performance. S2. The antenna body on the PCB is designed with symmetrical dual-frequency radiation units and adopts a dual-frequency dual-feed point method; S3. Install vertical metal rods on the back of the PPO substrate to wrap the coaxial feed line to achieve integration of signal transmission and structural support.

[0015] By adopting this technical solution and utilizing a dual-layer PPO+PCB design (with the upper layer covering high-band L1 / L2 and the lower layer covering low-band L5 / E6), this system achieves coverage across four or more frequency bands, meeting the compatibility requirements of multiple systems, including GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and Beidou. Tests show that on a 70mm x 70mm reflective surface, the zenith gain in the L1 band reaches 2.6dBi, and in the L5 band reaches 1.9dBi. Inter-band isolation is better than 20dB, eliminating the frequency interference issues associated with traditional single-layer structures.

[0016] By optimizing the PPO dielectric thickness and PCB radiator dimensions, the frequency band bandwidth is expanded. For example, the return loss in the L1 band is less than -14dB, and in the L5 band is less than -27dB, supporting stable operation within a frequency offset range of -10MHz to +10MHz.

[0017] Furthermore, the traditional PPO antenna laser engraving process is eliminated (single-layer ceramic antenna requires an additional 0.3mm laser engraving layer), reducing material costs. 3 ) is significantly lower than ceramics (3.9g / cm 3 ), the double-layer structure is more than 50% lighter than ceramic antennas and 30% smaller in size, making it easier to integrate into space-constrained scenarios such as car roofs and drones.

[0018] The vertical metal rod wraps the coaxial feed line, which not only realizes signal transmission (impedance matching to 50Ω) but also provides mechanical support and improves vibration resistance.

[0019] This application utilizes an innovative combination of PPO and PCB to achieve high performance, low cost, and lightweight multi-frequency, multi-mode GNSS antennas, while also improving structural stability and environmental adaptability. This design significantly outperforms traditional solutions in frequency band coverage, gain efficiency, manufacturing cost, and design flexibility, making it particularly suitable for applications such as autonomous driving, drones, and in-vehicle navigation, where space, cost, and reliability are critical.

[0020] In summary, this application achieves the following beneficial technical effects: Through a dual-layer PPO+PCB structure, with upper and lower layers dedicated to each other (e.g., upper high-frequency L1 / L2, lower low-frequency L5 / E6), it achieves coverage across four or more frequency bands, compatible with GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Beidou, and other systems. Inter-band isolation exceeds 20dB, effectively avoiding the frequency interference issues associated with traditional single-layer structures.

[0021] By optimizing the PPO dielectric thickness and PCB radiation unit size, the return loss in the L1 band is lower than -14dB (supporting ±10MHz frequency deviation), and the return loss in the L5 band is lower than -27dB (supporting ±15MHz frequency deviation).

[0022] The L1 band boasts a zenith gain of 2.6dBi, a regular half-apple-shaped 3D radiation pattern, an RHCP purity axial ratio of <3dB, a main lobe width of ±60°, and a front-to-back ratio of 15dB, making it suitable for positioning in open environments. The L5 band boasts a zenith gain of 1.9dBi, and a gain rolloff of <1dB / 10° at low elevation angles (θ=30°), enabling high-precision positioning even in obstructed environments such as urban canyons.

[0023] In this application, the PPO+FR4 combination increases the radiation efficiency to 85% (traditional ceramic antennas are about 75%), and the dielectric loss tangent (tanδ) is reduced to 0.002, reducing energy and heat loss. At the same time, the traditional PPO antenna laser engraving process is eliminated (single-layer ceramic requires an additional 0.3mm laser engraving layer), and the PPO substrate density (1.06g / cm 3 ) is only ceramic (3.9g / cm 3 The double-layer structure reduces weight by more than 50% and volume by 30%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the embodiment; Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram from another perspective of the embodiment; Figure 3 2. This is a graph of antenna return loss during the simulation process in the embodiment; Figure 4 3D gain diagram of the antenna during the simulation process in the embodiment; Figure 5 3D gain diagram of the antenna during the simulation process in the embodiment; Figure 6 is a gain diagram of the antenna in the Theta plane during the simulation process in the embodiment; Figure 7 is a gain diagram of the antenna in the Theta plane during the simulation process in the embodiment.

[0025] Reference numerals: 1, PPO substrate; 11, PCB board; 12, antenna body; 2, coaxial feed line; 21, metal rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Example, see Figure 1-Figure 7 A multi-frequency and multi-mode GNSS antenna is realized by combining PPO with PCB, including at least one or two layers of PPO substrate 1 and PCB board 11. The PCB board 11 is fixedly attached to the upper surface of the PPO substrate 1. The antenna body 12 is provided on the upper end of the PCB board 11. The back of the PCB board 11 is connected to the coaxial feed line 2. A metal rod 21 is fixedly provided on the back of the PPO substrate 1. The metal rod 21 and the PPO substrate 1 are perpendicular to each other, and the metal rod 21 wraps the coaxial feed line 2.

[0028] In this application, a PPO (or PPE or other similar materials, hereinafter referred to as PPO) + FR4 material combination is used. Compared with traditional ceramic materials, it has significant cost advantages, eliminates the complex and expensive laser engraving and lithography process, and reduces production costs. Compared with the two-layer or multi-layer ceramic antenna superposition method used in traditional GNSS multi-frequency antennas, this technology uses a layer of PPO substrate 1 plus a PCB board 11 structure, which simplifies the antenna structure. At the same time, due to the simplified structure, the debugging process is also simpler, further reducing the technical difficulty and cost during production and use.

[0029] Furthermore, compared with multilayer ceramic antennas, the overall weight of the present invention is lighter, which helps to reduce the burden on the equipment and improve portability. It also has a compact structure and small size, making it easy to integrate into various navigation and positioning devices, thereby improving the space utilization of the equipment.

[0030] Finally, the metal rod 21 fixed on the back of the PPO substrate 1 is perpendicular to the PPO substrate 1 and wraps the coaxial feed line 2, which not only plays the role of signal transmission, but also provides stable support for the antenna, ensuring the stability of the antenna structure and the reliability of signal transmission.

[0031] In this embodiment, the PPO substrate 1 and the PCB board 11 are provided with multiple layers and are bonded together.

[0032] Each layer of PPO substrate 1 and PCB board 11 is equipped with a coaxial feed line 2 and a metal rod 21. The combined design of the multi-layer PPO substrate 1 and PCB board 11 enables the antenna to resonate over a wider frequency band. Taking the double-layer structure as an example, the layered resonance design enables the antenna to simultaneously cover multiple frequency bands such as GPS L1 / L5, GLONASS G1 / G2 / G3, Galileo E1 / E5a / E5b, Beidou B1c / B2a / B2 / B2b. For example, the upper PPO+PCB layer can focus on high-frequency band resonance, while the lower layer optimizes low-frequency performance. Through interlayer electromagnetic coupling, frequency band isolation and gain improvement are achieved, avoiding the frequency band interference problems of traditional single-layer structures.

[0033] In this embodiment, the outer contours of the PPO substrate 1 and the PCB board 11 are square, rectangular or irregular.

[0034] The square substrate exhibits isotropic radiation characteristics in the horizontal plane, and the 3D radiation pattern presents a more regular half-apple-shaped radiation wave, making it particularly suitable for scenarios requiring omnidirectional coverage. By adjusting the ratio of the square side length to the PPO dielectric thickness, the resonant cavity dimensions of high and low frequency bands (such as L1 / L5) can be optimized, reducing inter-band coupling interference. Furthermore, the square structure facilitates the integration of multiple feed point networks on the PCB, supporting symmetrical dual-band single feed point designs and simplifying the feeding system.

[0035] A method for realizing a multi-frequency and multi-mode GNSS antenna by combining PPO with PCB, applicable to any one of the above technical solutions, comprising the following steps: S1. Use PPO as the substrate medium, and stack and laminate a PCB board 11 made of FR4 material. Utilize the low dielectric loss and high mechanical strength of PPO and FR4 (or high-frequency board) to form a composite structure with low cost and high performance. S2. A symmetrical dual-frequency radiation unit is designed on the antenna body 12 on the PCB board 11, and a dual-frequency dual-feed point method is adopted; S3. A vertical metal rod 21 is installed on the back of the PPO substrate 1 to wrap the coaxial feed line 2 to achieve the integration of signal transmission and structural support.

[0036] The dual-layer PPO+PCB design (with the upper layer covering high-band L1 / L2 and the lower layer covering low-band L5 / E6) achieves coverage across four or more frequency bands, meeting the compatibility requirements of multiple systems, including GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and Beidou. Tests show that on a 70mm x 70mm reflective surface, the zenith gain in the L1 band reaches 2.6dBi, and in the L5 band reaches 1.9dBi. Inter-band isolation exceeds 20dB, eliminating the frequency interference issues associated with traditional single-layer structures.

[0037] By optimizing the PPO dielectric thickness and PCB radiator dimensions, the frequency band bandwidth is expanded. For example, the return loss in the L1 band is less than -14dB, and in the L5 band is less than -27dB, supporting stable operation within a frequency offset range of -10MHz to +10MHz.

[0038] Furthermore, the traditional PPO antenna laser engraving process is eliminated (single-layer ceramic antenna requires an additional 0.3mm laser engraving layer), reducing material costs. 3 ) is significantly lower than ceramics (3.9g / cm 3 ), the double-layer structure is more than 50% lighter than ceramic antennas and 30% smaller in size, making it easier to integrate into space-constrained scenarios such as car roofs and drones.

[0039] The vertical metal rod 21 wraps the coaxial feed line 2, which not only realizes signal transmission (impedance matching to 50Ω) but also provides mechanical support and improves vibration resistance.

[0040] This application utilizes an innovative combination of PPO and PCB to achieve high performance, low cost, and lightweight multi-frequency, multi-mode GNSS antennas, while also improving structural stability and environmental adaptability. This design significantly outperforms traditional solutions in frequency band coverage, gain efficiency, manufacturing cost, and design flexibility, making it particularly suitable for applications such as autonomous driving, drones, and in-vehicle navigation, where space, cost, and reliability are critical.

[0041] Example 2. This example differs from Example 1 in that the PPO substrate 1 and PCB board 11 have circular outer contours. Circular substrates naturally possess 360° rotational symmetry, further suppressing pattern asymmetry and reducing the impact of installation orientation on performance, making them suitable for dynamic scenarios such as handheld devices or drones. By adjusting the ratio of diameter to the number of dielectric layers, the circular structure can achieve wider frequency band coverage. For example, a circular double-layer substrate with a diameter of 60 mm can simultaneously support L1 / L2 / L5 resonances.

[0042] Specifically, the present invention has the following advantages: Through a double-layer PPO+PCB structure (such as the upper layer high-frequency L1 / L2, the lower layer low-frequency L5 / E6), it achieves coverage of more than four frequency bands and is compatible with multiple system signals such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Beidou, etc. The isolation between frequency bands is better than 20dB. At the same time, it eliminates the laser engraving and cladding process of traditional ceramic antennas, completely solving the frequency band interference problem of traditional single-layer structures.

[0043] This antenna adopts a symmetrical dual-frequency single feed point design to achieve separate reception of high and low frequency signals (multi-feed point reception can also be used).

[0044] Combined with the accompanying drawings, the antenna of the present invention achieves broadband resonance at high and low frequencies; the 3D radiation pattern realizes RHCP (right-hand circularly polarized) radiation waves, and the zenith gain can reach 1.9dBi at low frequencies and 2.6dBi at high frequencies, which outperforms similar ceramic antennas.

[0045] The present invention has many advantages such as high gain and efficiency, excellent performance, simple debugging, light weight, small size, etc., and its performance exceeds that of similar ceramic antennas.

[0046] The embodiments of this specific implementation method are all preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-frequency and multi-mode GNSS antenna using PPO combined with PCB, characterized in that: The invention comprises at least one or two layers of a PPO substrate (1) and a PCB board (11), wherein the PCB board (11) is fixedly attached to the upper surface of the PPO substrate (1), an antenna body (12) is provided at the upper end of the PCB board (11), a coaxial feed line (2) is connected to the back of the PCB board (11), and a metal rod (21) is fixedly provided on the back of the PPO substrate (1), wherein the metal rod (21) and the PPO substrate (1) are perpendicular to each other.

2. The multi-frequency and multi-mode GNSS antenna using PPO combined with PCB according to claim 1, characterized in that: The PPO substrate (1) and the PCB board (11) are provided with multiple layers and are bonded together.

3. The multi-frequency and multi-mode GNSS antenna using PPO combined with PCB according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer contours of the PPO substrate (1) and the PCB board (11) are square, rectangular, circular or special-shaped.

4. A method for realizing a multi-frequency and multi-mode GNSS antenna by combining PPO with PCB, applied to the method for realizing a multi-frequency and multi-mode GNSS antenna by combining PPO with PCB as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. PPO is selected as the substrate medium, and a PCB board (11) is laminated and bonded with FR4 (or high-frequency board). The low dielectric loss and high mechanical strength of PPO and FR4 (or high-frequency board) are utilized to form a composite structure with low cost and high performance. S2. Designing a symmetrical dual-frequency radiation unit on the antenna body (12) on the PCB board (11), and adopting a dual-frequency dual-feed point method; S3. Install a vertical metal rod (21) on the back of the PPO substrate (1) to achieve integration of signal transmission and structural support.

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