Energy control system, energy control method and related device

Abstract

According to the energy control system, the energy control method and the related device provided by the invention, when a photovoltaic module and a power grid can provide electric energy for electric equipment, if second electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module is relatively large and is greater than the electric energy required by the electric equipment, the second electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module is not greater than the electric energy required by the electric equipment; and the controller controls the coupling unit to output the electric energy required by the electric equipment to the electric equipment, and outputs the electric energy, which is not used by the electric equipment, in the second electric energy to the power grid through the alternating current conversion unit, so that equipment connected with the power grid works by using the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module. According to the application, the utilization rate of the photovoltaic module is improved by connecting the redundant power grid generated by the photovoltaic module to the grid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of power supply, and more specifically, to an energy control system, an energy control method and related devices. Background Art

[0002] In real-world scenarios, grid power is typically used to power electrical devices, such as water heaters. However, with the development of photovoltaic modules, they can harness solar energy to generate electricity, which can also be used to power electrical devices.

[0003] Therefore, when both photovoltaic modules and the power grid are able to provide electrical energy to electrical equipment, how to improve the utilization rate of photovoltaic modules is a technical problem that those skilled in the art urgently need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present application provides an energy control system, an energy control method and related devices to solve the problem of urgently needing to improve the utilization rate of photovoltaic modules when both photovoltaic modules and power grids can provide electrical energy to electrical equipment.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] An energy control system comprising:

[0007] An AC conversion unit, a power optimization unit, a coupling unit, and a controller; the AC conversion unit and the power optimization unit are directly connected to the coupling unit respectively, and the controller is communicatively connected to the AC conversion unit, the power optimization unit, and the coupling unit respectively;

[0008] The AC conversion unit is configured to output, based on a control instruction of the controller, the electric energy of the second electric energy output by the power optimization unit that is not used by the electric device to the power grid;

[0009] The power optimization unit is used to convert the electric energy output by the photovoltaic assembly into a second electric energy based on the control instruction of the controller;

[0010] The controller is used to control the coupling unit to output the electric energy required by the electric device to the electric device when the second electric energy is greater than the electric energy required by the electric device, and to output the electric energy of the second electric energy not used by the electric device to the power grid through the AC conversion unit.

[0011] Optionally, the energy control system further includes:

[0012] An energy storage unit, the energy storage unit being directly or indirectly connected to the coupling unit;

[0013] The energy storage unit is used to output third electrical energy to the coupling unit based on the control instructions of the controller; the electrical energy stored in the energy storage unit includes: electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic components that is not used by electrical equipment and the power grid, and / or electrical energy obtained from the power grid.

[0014] Optionally, the energy control system further includes:

[0015] Uninterruptible power supply;

[0016] The uninterruptible power supply is connected to the coupling unit, or the uninterruptible power supply is integrated into the AC conversion unit.

[0017] Optionally, the AC conversion unit is a bidirectional conversion topology structure.

[0018] Optionally, when the energy storage unit is indirectly connected to the coupling unit, the energy storage unit is arranged between the photovoltaic assembly and the power optimization unit;

[0019] Alternatively, the energy storage unit is disposed between the power optimization unit and the coupling unit, and is connected to the coupling unit via an electrical isolation unit.

[0020] Optionally, the energy control system further includes:

[0021] an active heating regulation unit located between the coupling unit and the electrical device;

[0022] The active heating adjustment unit is used to adjust the voltage value output by the coupling unit to the electrical device, so as to achieve stepless heating adjustment of the electrical device.

[0023] An energy system includes the above-mentioned energy control system and electrical equipment.

[0024] An energy control method is applied to the controller in the above energy control system, the energy control method comprising:

[0025] When the second electric energy is greater than the electric energy required by the electric device, the coupling unit is controlled to output the electric energy required by the electric device to the electric device, and the electric energy of the second electric energy not used by the electric device is output to the power grid through the AC conversion unit.

[0026] Optionally, controlling the coupling unit to output the electric energy required by the electric device to the electric device, and outputting the electric energy of the second electric energy not used by the electric device to the power grid through the AC conversion unit includes:

[0027] When there is no power outage in the power grid, controlling the coupling unit to output the electric energy required by the electric device to the electric device, and at the same time, controlling the operating state of the AC conversion unit to be set to a reverse output state, so that the coupling unit outputs the electric energy of the second electric energy that is not used by the electric device to the power grid through the AC conversion unit;

[0028] Wherein, when the operating state of the AC conversion unit is a reverse output state, electric energy is output from the coupling unit to the power grid.

[0029] Optionally, when the energy control system includes an energy storage unit and an uninterruptible power supply, and the uninterruptible power supply is connected to the coupling unit, the energy control method further includes:

[0030] In the event of a power outage in the power grid, controlling the AC conversion unit and the power optimization unit to stop operating;

[0031] Obtaining the remaining power of the energy storage unit;

[0032] When the remaining power is greater than a power threshold, the power optimization unit is controlled to operate so that the energy storage unit and the power optimization unit supply power to the uninterruptible power supply.

[0033] Optionally, after controlling the power optimization unit to operate so that the energy storage unit and the power optimization unit supply power to the uninterruptible power supply, the method further includes:

[0034] If an off-grid output instruction is received, the operating state of the AC conversion unit is adjusted to a reverse off-grid output state, so that the AC conversion unit uses the electric energy output by the energy storage unit and the power optimization unit to realize off-grid power supply for the equipment.

[0035] Optionally, after controlling the power optimization unit to operate so that the energy storage unit and the power optimization unit supply power to the uninterruptible power supply, the method further includes:

[0036] If the remaining power of the energy storage unit is less than the power threshold, the energy storage unit and the power optimization unit are controlled to stop supplying power to the uninterruptible power supply.

[0037] Optionally, after controlling the energy storage unit, the power optimization unit, and the uninterruptible power supply to stop operating, the method further includes:

[0038] When the output power of the power optimization unit is greater than a charging power threshold, the power optimization unit is controlled to charge the energy storage unit.

[0039] Optionally, when the energy control system includes an energy storage unit and an uninterruptible power supply, and the uninterruptible power supply is integrated into the AC conversion unit, the energy control method further includes:

[0040] In the event of a power outage in the power grid, controlling the AC conversion unit and the power optimization unit to stop operating;

[0041] Obtaining the remaining power of the energy storage unit;

[0042] When the remaining power is greater than a power threshold, the power optimization unit and the AC conversion unit are controlled to operate so that the energy storage unit and the power optimization unit supply power to a device connected to the AC conversion unit.

[0043] An energy conversion device is used to execute the above energy control method.

[0044] The present application provides an energy control system, an energy control method, and related devices. In the present application, when both photovoltaic modules and the power grid are capable of providing electrical energy to electrical equipment, if the second electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic modules is larger than the electrical energy required by the electrical equipment, the controller controls the coupling unit to output the electrical energy required by the electrical equipment to the electrical equipment, and outputs the electrical energy of the second electrical energy not used by the electrical equipment to the power grid via the AC conversion unit, so that the electrical equipment connected to the power grid uses the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic modules to operate. In the present application, the utilization rate of the photovoltaic modules is improved by connecting the excess electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic modules to the power grid. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or related technologies, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or related technical descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without any creative work.

[0046] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an energy system in related technology;

[0047] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of an energy control system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of another energy control system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of another energy control system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of another energy control system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of a fifth energy control system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of a sixth energy control system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 8 A control logic diagram of an energy control system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Figure 9 A flow chart of a heating control process provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 10 A flow chart of a heating control process provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] Figure 11 Another heating control process flow chart provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0058] In real-world scenarios, grid power is typically used to power electrical devices, such as water heaters. However, with the development of photovoltaic modules, they can harness solar energy to generate electricity, which can also be used to power electrical devices.

[0059] Therefore, when both photovoltaic modules and the power grid are able to provide electrical energy to electrical equipment, how to improve the utilization rate of photovoltaic modules is a technical problem that those skilled in the art urgently need to solve.

[0060] In the related technology, taking the electrical equipment as water heater as an example, the current photovoltaic water heater architecture is a dual heating structure with separate power supply and operation on the photovoltaic DC side and the grid AC side, and the photovoltaic module does not control the output and is not in the best working state. The specific implementation can be achieved by Figure 1 The structure shown can simultaneously utilize the electricity generated by the photovoltaic modules and the electricity from the grid to perform water heater heating operations.

[0061] Figure 1In this example, the water heater has two heating elements: a DC heating element and an AC heating element. On the DC heating element, photovoltaic modules are connected in series. The electricity generated by the photovoltaic modules is collected by a combiner box and then supplied to the DC heating element for heating. On the AC heating element, electricity generated by the grid is supplied to the AC heating element via a control switch. Both the DC and AC heating elements heat the water heater simultaneously, achieving dual heating of the cold water.

[0062] against Figure 1 The heating structure has the following technical defects:

[0063] 1. The DC side and AC side are completely separated, requiring two sets of heaters, which are redundant and increase system costs.

[0064] 2. The photovoltaic panels on the DC side must be connected in series to form high-voltage DC. The photovoltaic panels are uncontrolled power generation, and the combiner box only controls the on-off of the high-voltage DC. Therefore, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panels is not maximized, the photovoltaic efficiency is low, and the maximum performance of the photovoltaic modules cannot be brought into play;

[0065] 3. The DC side is directly connected to the heating element without isolation. Long-term operation may cause the risk of DC and AC short circuit, which poses a great risk to electrical safety.

[0066] 4. There is no direct coupling between the DC side and the AC side, which cannot effectively regulate the power consumption of the grid and has low economic benefits;

[0067] 5. When the water temperature reaches the set maximum temperature, the photovoltaic modules are idle and do not fully utilize solar energy. In addition, solar energy cannot be used for heating during the peak period of hot water use at night. Heating can only be done through the AC power of the power grid. The proportion of solar green electricity used is low and the economic efficiency is poor.

[0068] To this end, the embodiment of the present application proposes a single heating body architecture with energy storage and grid-connected AC / DC flexible coupling, which couples photovoltaic power and grid power to achieve direct coupling output of DC and AC in a single heating body, and the two coordinate to output power, thereby improving economic efficiency. In addition, by adding an energy storage unit, the excess power output by the photovoltaic module and the power obtained from the grid during the valley power phase are stored, so that the power in the energy storage unit can be used to power the water heater when there is insufficient light or at night, or during the peak power phase, so that solar energy can be stored during non-heating time periods and used to heat the water heater in poor light or at night, which can reduce the power obtained from the grid and improve economic efficiency. In addition, when the energy storage unit is fully charged and the output power of the photovoltaic module is not used, the solar energy is output back to the grid to power other household appliances, thereby saving the total household electricity bill.

[0069] In addition, the coupling of photovoltaic modules and the power grid reduces the number of heating bodies and improves the cost advantage of the system.

[0070] In addition, the embodiment of the present invention can actively optimize the output power of the photovoltaic module, ensure that the photovoltaic module operates at the maximum power point, greatly improve the utilization rate of the photovoltaic module, and achieve maximum energy output on the photovoltaic module side.

[0071] In addition, electrical isolation is achieved between the photovoltaic DC low voltage and the grid AC high voltage, improving the safety of equipment operation.

[0072] In addition, the power on the DC and AC sides is adjusted according to the thermal energy demand to achieve optimal thermal energy control.

[0073] Based on the above content, an embodiment of the present application provides an energy control system, which can be called a heat energy management system (Heart Energy Management System, HEMS). Figure 2 , the energy control system may include:

[0074] An AC conversion unit 11 , a power optimization unit 12 , a coupling unit 13 and a controller 14 ; the AC conversion unit 11 and the power optimization unit 12 are directly connected to the coupling unit 13 respectively.

[0075] In addition, the controller 14 is in communication with the AC conversion unit 11, the power optimization unit 12 and the coupling unit 13 respectively. Figure 2 Through this communication connection, the controller 14 can obtain the operating data of the AC conversion unit 11, the power optimization unit 12, and the coupling unit 13, thereby being able to adjust the operating status of the AC conversion unit 11 and the power optimization unit 12.

[0076] In actual scenarios, the AC conversion unit 11 is connected to the power grid, and based on the control instructions of the controller, converts the AC power output from the power grid into the first electric energy. More specifically, the AC conversion unit 11 converts the AC power of the power grid into DC through a power electronic converter and outputs it to the coupling unit. In addition, the AC conversion unit 11 can also output the electric energy output by the coupling unit 13 to the power grid, that is, it has a grid-connected function. Therefore, when the AC conversion unit 11 needs to perform bidirectional power transmission, the AC conversion unit 11 in the embodiment of the present invention is a bidirectional conversion topology. Conventional topologies of bidirectional conversion topologies include bridgeless totem poles, single-phase H-bridges, Buck-Boost, etc. In addition, the AC conversion unit 11 also has the function of off-grid output, and can output AC power off-grid to power some electrical appliances during a power outage.

[0077] The power optimization unit 12 is connected to the photovoltaic modules (PV+ and PV- represent the positive and negative poles, respectively). The photovoltaic modules primarily convert solar energy into electrical energy. The number of photovoltaic modules depends on the actual configuration. In actual scenarios, if the photovoltaic modules are connected in series, the voltage after the photovoltaic modules are connected in series is high, posing a high-voltage electric shock hazard. Therefore, in one implementation of the present application, the photovoltaic modules are connected in parallel to the power optimization unit 12. After the photovoltaic modules are connected in parallel, the parallel current is large, and the parallel voltage does not change. Therefore, the impact on human safety in the event of subsequent electric shock can be avoided.

[0078] In one implementation, the power electronic converter in the power optimization unit 12 employs an isolated or non-isolated topology. Specifically, the power optimization unit 12 uses the power electronic converter to regulate the operating state of the photovoltaic module, maintaining it at its maximum power point. This power electronic converter can be an isolated topology, ensuring electrical isolation between the photovoltaic module and the HEMS (Heat-Emitting Diode) and the product's contactable housing, ensuring safer electrical contact. Common topologies include flyback converters, LLC (LLC resonant converters), DAB (Dual Active Bridge), CLLLC (CLLC resonant converters), and two-switch forward converters. The power electronic converter can also be a non-isolated topology. Common topologies include boost, buck, and FSBB (Four Switching Buck Boost). The specific configuration chosen depends on the actual configuration.

[0079] After the photovoltaic modules are connected in parallel, the power optimization unit 12 converts the electrical energy output by the modules to obtain the second electrical energy. At the same time, the AC conversion unit 11 converts the AC power output by the grid into the first electrical energy.

[0080] Since the AC conversion unit 11 and the power optimization unit 12 are connected to the coupling unit 13, the AC conversion unit 11 outputs the first electric energy to the coupling unit 13, and the power optimization unit 12 outputs the second electric energy to the coupling unit 13. The coupling unit 13 couples the first electric energy and the second electric energy to obtain the total electric energy.

[0081] In one implementation, coupling unit 13 includes a capacitor. Specifically, through a capacitor or other energy coupling device, the energy output from power optimization unit 12 and AC conversion unit 11 is coupled together. This effectively combines photovoltaic solar energy and grid electrical energy for unified allocation and management. Coupling unit 13 is proactively adaptable, enabling the mutual complementation of photovoltaic and grid output energy. This allows for all-weather heating without requiring human intervention in the heating mode, automatically prioritizing photovoltaic output.

[0082] The coupling unit 13 outputs the total electrical energy to electrical devices such as water heaters and washing machines. A water heater will be used as an example. In one implementation, the water heater is a water storage device that includes a heating element. By drawing power from the coupling unit 13 and outputting it to the heating element, the heating element in the water heater utilizes the total electrical energy to heat the cold water. During the heating process, the water temperature is transmitted to the controller 14 in the HEMS.

[0083] The operation process of the above-mentioned power optimization unit 12 and AC conversion unit 11 needs to be controlled by the controller 14. The controller 14 has a built-in HEMS control program as the core computing and scheduling unit. The HEMS control program integrates data and instruction collection, control and protection of each unit, and energy allocation to comprehensively realize hybrid heating of the water heater by photovoltaic and power grid.

[0084] The HEMS control program can obtain a thermal energy reference value. In one implementation, this reference value is a user-set maximum water temperature, such as 50°C or 60°C. Furthermore, during the heating process, the HEMS control program can also collect the heat generated by the heating element and the current water temperature in the water heater.

[0085] In addition, the HEMS control program can also collect data such as the voltage and current of the photovoltaic module, the grid voltage, the output current of the power optimization unit 12, the output current of the AC conversion unit 11, the voltage of the coupling unit 13, the voltage at both ends of the heating body, the current flowing through the heating body, the temperature of the heating body, the water temperature, the water volume, etc., and use the above data to control the power of the power optimization unit 12 to achieve the maximum power output of the photovoltaic module. At the same time, the output of the AC conversion unit 11 is automatically adjusted according to the required heat to change the energy obtained from the grid, thereby ensuring that the electricity required for electric heating comes mainly from solar energy, thereby achieving better economic benefits.

[0086] The above embodiment introduces an embodiment in which the AC conversion unit 11 and the power optimization unit 12 supply power to the water heater. In another embodiment, if the second electric energy output by the power optimization unit 12 is large, there is a critical state in which only the second electric energy output by the power optimization unit 12 can meet the electric energy demand of the water heater. If the electric energy output by the power optimization unit 12 continues to increase, the photovoltaic component will reduce the power operation because the water heater cannot consume more electric energy. For this reason, in an embodiment of the present invention, in order to utilize the electric energy not consumed by the water heater, the AC conversion unit 11 of the above-mentioned bidirectional conversion topology structure outputs the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic component that is not utilized by the water heater to the power grid, so that other devices in the home can use the electric energy, or other homes can use the electric energy.

[0087] At this time, the AC conversion unit 11 outputs the electric energy of the second electric energy output by the power optimization unit 12 that is not used by the electric device, such as the water heater, to the power grid based on the control instruction of the controller 14;

[0088] The power optimization unit 12 converts the electric energy output by the photovoltaic assembly into a second electric energy based on the control instruction of the controller 14;

[0089] When the second electric energy is greater than the electric energy required by the electric device, such as a water heater, the controller 14 controls the coupling unit 13 to output the electric energy required by the electric device, such as a water heater, to the electric device, such as the water heater, and outputs the electric energy in the second electric energy that is not used by the electric device, such as the water heater, to the power grid through the AC conversion unit 11.

[0090] Take the water heater as an example, Figure 2 As shown, the second electrical energy generated by power optimization unit 12 is output to coupling unit 13. When the second electrical energy exceeds the electrical energy required by the water heater, the water heater can be powered solely by the photovoltaic panels, without requiring the grid to power the water heater. Coupling unit 13 then outputs the required electrical energy to the water heater. The portion of electrical energy not used by the water heater is then fed into the grid via AC conversion unit 11. This energy is first used by other devices in the home, and any excess energy not used by the home is then used to power other homes.

[0091] In this embodiment, when both the photovoltaic module and the power grid are capable of providing power to the water heater, if the second power generated by the photovoltaic module is greater than the power required by the water heater, the controller controls the coupling unit to output the power required by the water heater to the water heater, and outputs the power of the second power not used by the water heater to the power grid via the AC conversion unit, so that devices connected to the power grid can operate using the power generated by the photovoltaic module. In this application, the utilization rate of the photovoltaic module is improved by connecting the excess power generated by the photovoltaic module to the power grid.

[0092] In another implementation of the present application, in order to fully utilize the solar energy when the photovoltaic module generates a lot of electricity, the excess electricity can be stored in an energy storage unit. In this case, the energy control system also includes:

[0093] An energy storage unit, the energy storage unit being directly or indirectly connected to the coupling unit;

[0094] The energy storage unit is used to output third electrical energy to the coupling unit based on the control instructions of the controller; the electrical energy stored in the energy storage unit includes: electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic component that is not used by electrical equipment such as water heaters and power grids, and / or electrical energy obtained from the power grid.

[0095] Reference Figure 3 , at this time the energy control system includes:

[0096] AC conversion unit 11, power optimization unit 12, energy storage unit 15, coupling unit 13 and controller 14; the AC conversion unit 11 and the power optimization unit 12 are directly connected to the coupling unit 13 respectively, and the energy storage unit 15 is directly or indirectly connected to the coupling unit 13. Figure 3 In the embodiment, the energy storage unit 15 is directly connected to the coupling unit 13. For the embodiment in which the energy storage unit 15 is indirectly connected to the coupling unit 13, refer to other embodiments.

[0097] The controller 14 is communicatively connected to the AC conversion unit 11 , the power optimization unit 12 , the coupling unit 13 , and the energy storage unit 15 , respectively. Figure 3 The communication connection structure is not shown. Through this communication connection, the controller 14 can obtain operating data of the AC conversion unit 11, the power optimization unit 12, the coupling unit 13, and the energy storage unit 15, thereby being able to adjust the operating status of the AC conversion unit 11, the power optimization unit 12, and the energy storage unit 15.

[0098] In actual scenarios, the AC conversion unit 11 is connected to the power grid, and based on the control instructions of the controller, the AC power output by the power grid is converted into the first electrical energy, or, based on the control instructions of the controller, the electrical energy in the second electrical energy output by the power optimization unit that is not used by the water heater is output to the power grid.

[0099] The power optimization unit 12 is connected to the photovoltaic module (PV+ and PV- represent the positive pole and the negative pole respectively). The photovoltaic module mainly converts solar energy into the second electric energy. The specific structure refers to the corresponding description above.

[0100] After the photovoltaic modules are connected in parallel, the converted electrical energy is output to the power optimization unit 12. Based on the control instructions of the controller, the power optimization unit 12 converts the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic modules into the second electrical energy. At the same time, the AC conversion unit 11 converts the AC power output by the grid into the first electrical energy.

[0101] With respect to the energy storage unit 15, when the water heater does not need to be heated, if the photovoltaic module can generate excess electricity, the electricity can be stored in the energy storage unit 15. In addition to storing the excess solar energy generated by the photovoltaic module, the energy storage unit 15 can also draw electricity from the grid when the electricity price is at a valley level, and discharge it for heating the water heater when the electricity price is at a peak level, thereby achieving peak shaving and valley filling of the grid electricity price. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the electricity stored in the energy storage unit 15 includes: the electricity generated by the photovoltaic module that is not used by the water heater and the grid, and / or the electricity obtained from the grid.

[0102] When energy storage unit 15 stores electrical energy, it can subsequently be used to heat the water heater. Based on the controller's control instructions, energy storage unit 15 outputs the third electrical energy to coupling unit 13. For example, at night or during periods of insufficient sunlight, when the photovoltaic panels generate less electrical energy, the electrical energy in energy storage unit 15 can be used to heat the water heater, reducing the amount of electricity drawn from the grid and thus lowering costs.

[0103] When the AC conversion unit 11, the power optimization unit 12, and the energy storage unit 15 can all provide electrical energy, the controller 14 can select at least two from the AC conversion unit 11, the power optimization unit 12, and the energy storage unit 15 based on actual needs, such as the current electricity price, the current lighting conditions, whether it is night, etc., to control at least two of the AC conversion unit 11, the power optimization unit 12, and the energy storage unit 15 to perform electrical energy output operations.

[0104] Since the AC conversion unit 11 and the power optimization unit 12 are directly connected to the coupling unit 13, and the energy storage unit 15 is directly or indirectly connected to the coupling unit 13, the AC conversion unit 11 outputs the first electrical energy to the coupling unit 13, the power optimization unit 12 outputs the second electrical energy to the coupling unit 13, and the energy storage unit 15 also outputs the third electrical energy to the coupling unit 13. However, in actual applications, only at least two of the AC conversion unit 11, the power optimization unit 12, and the energy storage unit 15 may output electrical energy. In this case, the coupling unit 13 couples the electrical energy output by these at least two units to obtain and output the total electrical energy to the water heater. For example, only the AC conversion unit 11 and the power optimization unit 12 may be operating. In this case, the coupling unit 13 couples the first and second electrical energy to obtain the total electrical energy. Furthermore, if the AC conversion unit 11, the power optimization unit 12, and the energy storage unit 15 are all operating, the coupling unit 13 couples the first, second, and third electrical energy to obtain the total electrical energy. Furthermore, if only the power optimization unit 12 and the energy storage unit 15 are in operation, the coupling unit only couples the second and third electric energies to obtain the total electric energy. Furthermore, if only the AC conversion unit 11 and the energy storage unit 15 are in operation, the coupling unit 13 only couples the first and third electric energies to obtain the total electric energy.

[0105] In one implementation, coupling unit 13 includes a capacitor. Specifically, the energy output from each power output unit is coupled together through a capacitor or other energy coupling device. This means that at least two of the following: photovoltaic solar energy, grid power, and energy storage unit 15 are combined for unified allocation and management. Coupling unit 13 is proactively adaptable, enabling the mutual complementation of photovoltaic output energy, grid output energy, and energy storage unit output energy. This allows for all-weather heating without requiring human intervention in the heating mode, automatically prioritizing photovoltaic output heating.

[0106] The coupling unit 13 outputs the total electrical energy to the water heater. In one implementation, the water heater is a water storage device containing a heating body. By taking electricity from the coupling unit 13 and outputting it to the heating body, the heating body in the water heater uses the total electrical energy to perform heating operations, thereby heating the cold water. During the heating process of the heating body, the water temperature will be transmitted to the controller 14 in the HEMS.

[0107] In this embodiment, the energy storage unit can store the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module that is not used by the water heater and the power grid, and / or store the electric energy obtained from the power grid, so that when the water heater needs to be heated, at least two items are selected from the following: using the AC conversion unit to convert the AC power output by the power grid into the first electric energy, using the power optimization unit to convert the electric energy output by the photovoltaic module into the second electric energy, and using the energy storage unit to output the third electric energy to provide electric energy for the water heater. In different scenarios, a suitable water heater power supply method can be selected. For example, when there is insufficient light, the electric energy stored in the energy storage unit and the electric energy provided by the power grid can be used to heat the water heater, thereby improving the heating reliability of the water heater, reducing the electric energy obtained from the power grid, and saving costs.

[0108] In addition, an energy storage unit is added, which can store excess solar energy in the energy storage unit and discharge it to heat the heating body when there is no solar energy, thereby making full use of solar energy.

[0109] In addition, the electrical isolation design of the power optimization unit achieves electrical isolation between the photovoltaic DC low voltage and the grid AC high voltage, improving the safety of equipment operation and reducing the risk of electric shock.

[0110] In addition, photovoltaic heating and AC heating share the same heating body through the coupling unit, which reduces the number of heating bodies and improves the cost advantage of the system.

[0111] In another implementation of the present application, based on the energy storage unit 15, if the photovoltaic module has excess electricity, the energy storage unit 15 can be charged first. After the energy storage unit 15 is fully charged, the excess electricity can be output to the power grid.

[0112] Specifically, when the water temperature reaches the highest set value updated in real time, the photovoltaic module can still output a large power. If the power optimization unit 12 is turned off, the solar energy of the photovoltaic module will be wasted.

[0113] Therefore, the HEMS control program of the present invention determines whether the energy storage unit 15 is fully charged. If it is not, the HEMS controls the energy storage unit 15 to begin charging, and the photovoltaic panels store solar energy in the energy storage unit 15 at maximum power until it is fully charged. If the water temperature is determined to be below the minimum set value during the charging process of the energy storage unit 15, the HEMS controls the energy storage unit 15 to stop charging and resume heating the heating element.

[0114] In this state, if the PV panels can still generate electricity, but the heating element and energy storage unit 15 do not require energy, shutting down the power optimization unit 12 would result in wasted PV panel power. The HEMS then controls the AC conversion unit 11 to reverse output, and the power optimization unit 12 adjusts the PV panels to their maximum power point (MPP) state, outputting all solar energy back to the grid. This grid-connected solar energy is preferentially consumed by other household appliances, saving the user money and maximizing solar energy utilization. This state continues until the HEMS detects that the water temperature has fallen below the minimum set point.

[0115] In this embodiment, when the water temperature of the water heater is sufficient, the energy storage unit 15 is fully charged, but there is sufficient sunlight, the excess solar energy can be connected to the grid and output to other household electrical appliances for consumption, thereby improving the utilization rate of the photovoltaic components.

[0116] In one implementation, based on the structure of the above energy control system, as Figure 4 As shown, the energy control system may further include a heating active regulation unit 16 located between the coupling unit 13 and the electrical device.

[0117] In actual scenarios, taking a water heater as an example, the heating element in the water heater is a resistive passive heating element, that is, when electrical energy (voltage, current and power) is input to the heating element, the heating element will perform heating operations according to the electrical energy and does not have an active adjustment function. In order to perform heating operations more flexibly, Figure 2 On the basis of the active heating regulating unit 16, the active heating regulating unit 16 is added. The input end of the active heating regulating unit 16 is connected to the output end of the coupling unit 13, and the output end of the active heating regulating unit 16 is connected to the heating body, so that electric energy can be input into the heating body.

[0118] In actual scenarios, the active heating adjustment unit 16 is used to adjust the voltage value output by the coupling unit 13 to the electrical device, such as a water heater, to achieve stepless heating adjustment of the electrical device, such as the heating body in the water heater.

[0119] Specifically, the active heating control unit 16 is controlled by the HEMS control program in the controller 14. This program is required to consider energy conservation when heating the heating element. When the water temperature approaches the set point, the active heating control unit 16 is used to change the temperature of the heating element, thereby saving electricity from the grid and enabling infinite temperature regulation of the heating element. Furthermore, the HEMS algorithm can ensure that, under certain circumstances, the energy for the coupling unit is derived entirely from the solar energy of the photovoltaic panels, saving electricity costs for users.

[0120] Specifically, the HEMS control program can send the initial voltage value and the voltage change gradient. For example, if the voltage output by the coupling unit 13 to the heating active adjustment unit 16 is 300V, at this time, the current water temperature is close to the temperature value set by the user. Therefore, if 300V is used to heat the heating body, the temperature will rise rapidly, which may easily exceed the temperature value set by the user. Therefore, the HEMS control program can calculate an initial voltage value and a voltage change gradient based on the difference between the current temperature and the temperature value set by the user. For example, the initial voltage value can be 100V, and the voltage change gradient is -0.1V. At this time, after receiving the 300V voltage output by the coupling unit 13, the heating active regulation unit 16 does not output all of the 300V voltage to the heating body, but only outputs 100V of the voltage to the heating body, and the voltage output to the heating body gradually decreases according to the gradient of -0.1V, such as 99.9V in the next cycle, 99.8V in the next cycle..., as the voltage continues to decrease, the heating temperature of the heating body slowly increases, and then when it approaches the temperature value set by the user, it gradually approaches the temperature value set by the user to avoid the temperature exceeding the set value. In addition, since the voltage change gradient set in this application is small, the temperature of the heating body can be slowly increased, and the temperature can be infinitely regulated to avoid the temperature exceeding the set value due to large temperature changes.

[0121] When the active heating regulation unit 16 is used to regulate the voltage of the heating element, the required voltage of the heating element is reduced, so the power from the grid can be reduced, that is, the output power of the AC conversion unit 11 can be reduced. At this time, the theoretical voltage value of the first power output by the AC conversion unit 11 can be calculated using data such as the grid voltage, the output current of the power optimization unit 12, the output current of the AC conversion unit 11, the voltage of the coupling unit 13, the output voltage of the energy storage unit 15, the voltage across the heating element, the current flowing through the heating element, the temperature of the heating element, the water temperature, and the water volume. The voltage of the first power output by the AC conversion unit 11 can then be adjusted based on this theoretical voltage value.

[0122] exist Figure 3 Based on the architecture, the operation processes of the above-mentioned power optimization unit 12, AC conversion unit 11, energy storage unit 15, and heating active regulation unit 16 need to be controlled by the controller 14.

[0123] The controller 14 has a built-in HEMS control program as the core computing and scheduling unit. The HEMS control program integrates data and instruction collection, control and protection of each unit, and energy allocation to comprehensively realize hybrid heating of the water heater by photovoltaic, power grid and energy storage units.

[0124] The HEMS control program can obtain a thermal energy reference value. In one implementation, this reference value is a user-set maximum water temperature, such as 50°C or 60°C. Furthermore, during the heating process, the HEMS control program can also collect the heat generated by the heating element and the current water temperature in the water heater.

[0125] The HEMS control program also collects data such as the voltage and current of the PV panels, the grid voltage, the output current of the power optimization unit 12, the output current of the AC conversion unit 11, the voltage of the coupling unit 13, the output voltage of the energy storage unit 15, the voltage across the heating element, the current flowing through the heating element, the temperature of the heating element, the water temperature, and the water volume. Using this data, the program intelligently determines the optimal power output of the power optimization unit 12 and controls the power of the power optimization unit 12 to achieve maximum power output from the PV panels. The program also automatically adjusts the output of the AC conversion unit 11 based on the required heat, thereby varying the energy drawn from the grid. This ensures that the electricity required for electric heating primarily comes from solar energy, thereby achieving optimal economic benefits. Furthermore, the HEMS control program controls the power output of the energy storage unit 15. When sunlight is insufficient or peak electricity prices are in effect, the power in the energy storage unit 15 is used to supply power, achieving optimal economic benefits.

[0126] The active heating regulator 16 is located between the coupling unit 13 and the heating element. It adjusts the voltage output from the coupling unit 13 to the heating element, thereby achieving stepless temperature regulation. The active heating regulator 16 can communicate with the HEMS control program, allowing the HEMS control program to control the voltage regulation process of the active heating regulator 16. The remaining control logic refers to the corresponding description above.

[0127] Based on any of the above embodiments, in order to provide uninterrupted power supply to important equipment, the energy control system may further include:

[0128] Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS);

[0129] like Figure 5 As shown, the uninterruptible power supply 17 is connected to the coupling unit 13. The uninterruptible power supply 17 is configured to draw power from the coupling unit 13 and output it in parallel with the AC conversion unit 11. The output port of the uninterruptible power supply 17 can be connected to an electrical device. When a power outage occurs in the power grid, the uninterruptible power supply 17 quickly switches to an output state to ensure uninterrupted operation of the electrical device. The electrical device can be some important high-value equipment, such as a home oxygen concentrator, a ventilator, a home server, and other key electrical equipment.

[0130] In this embodiment, the uninterruptible power supply 17 serves as a standing emergency uninterruptible power supply to provide backup power to key electrical equipment such as home oxygen concentrators, ventilators, and home servers. When a power outage occurs in the power grid, it automatically switches to the backup power supply for the relevant equipment to ensure its uninterrupted operation.

[0131] In another implementation, the uninterruptible power supply 17 may also be integrated into the AC conversion unit 11 .

[0132] Specifically, the uninterruptible power supply 17 and the AC conversion unit 11 are integrated into one body, and emergency power backup for specific equipment is achieved through the AC conversion unit 11 when the power grid is out of power.

[0133] It should be noted that the energy storage unit 15 and the uninterruptible power supply 17 can be configured according to the actual scenario, or the energy storage unit 15 and the uninterruptible power supply 17 may not be configured.

[0134] Based on the structure of any of the above energy control systems, the internal structure and connection relationship of the energy storage unit 15 may be different depending on the location of the energy storage unit 15. Specifically, the following are the details:

[0135] 1. The energy storage unit is directly connected to the coupling unit.

[0136] When the energy storage unit is directly connected to the coupling unit, its specific implementation refers to Figure 3-5As shown in the figure, placing the energy storage unit in different locations creates different requirements for the unit. When the energy storage unit is directly connected to the coupling unit, the coupling unit's voltage is high, and the energy storage unit must achieve a wide range of high and low voltage conversion while also providing electrical isolation. In this case, the energy storage unit includes a power conversion topology and an energy storage battery pack. The power conversion topology can be FSBB or SR Boost (Synchronous Rectification Boost Converter).

[0137] In addition, the energy storage unit may also include a BMS (BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM).

[0138] The power conversion topology is used to implement the charge and discharge operations of the energy storage battery pack, and the BMS is used to control the charge and discharge process of the energy storage battery pack, such as controlling the power during charge and discharge.

[0139] In this embodiment, since the voltage of the coupling unit is high voltage, the power conversion topology of the energy storage unit has electrical isolation power while achieving a wide range of high and low voltage conversion, and the efficiency of the topology conversion will be low.

[0140] 2. The energy storage unit is arranged between the photovoltaic module and the power optimization unit.

[0141] Specifically, when the energy storage unit is indirectly connected to the coupling unit, and the energy storage unit is arranged between the photovoltaic module and the power optimization unit, the specific structure is as follows: Figure 6 At this point, the PV modules are connected in parallel to the power optimization unit, and the energy storage unit is set on the low-voltage side of the PV modules.

[0142] Likewise, the energy storage unit includes a power conversion topology structure and an energy storage battery pack, wherein the power conversion topology structure is used to implement charge and discharge operations of the energy storage battery pack.

[0143] Specifically, the energy storage unit's power conversion topology converts between photovoltaic low voltage and battery low voltage, eliminating the need for electrical isolation. This topology offers high conversion efficiency and low material costs, and can also regulate the PV panels to maximum output power while charging the batteries in the energy storage pack. However, this system requires a bidirectional conversion topology similar to CLLLC in the power optimization unit to support peak load shifting on the grid.

[0144] 3. The energy storage unit is arranged between the power optimization unit and the coupling unit, and is connected to the coupling unit through an electrical isolation unit.

[0145] above Figure 5and Figure 6 In the structure, the power electronic converter in the power optimization unit can be an isolated topology to ensure electrical isolation between the photovoltaic module and the HEMS and the product's accessible housing, achieving safer electrical contact. Figure 7 As shown, when the energy storage unit is indirectly connected to the coupling unit, such as when the energy storage unit is set between the power optimization unit and the coupling unit, the power optimization unit no longer has an electrical isolation function, but the electrical isolation function is implemented using a separate electrical isolation unit. At this time, the power electronic converter in the power optimization unit can adopt a non-isolated topology structure, and the electrical isolation unit adopts an isolation topology to achieve electrical isolation.

[0146] During the specific connection, the photovoltaic modules are connected in parallel to the power optimization unit, the power optimization unit and the energy storage unit are respectively connected to one end of the electrical isolation unit, and the other end of the electrical isolation unit is connected to one end of the coupling unit.

[0147] The power optimization unit can simultaneously achieve MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) for the photovoltaic panels and charge the energy storage battery pack. The electrical isolation unit can both transmit solar energy to the coupling unit and discharge the energy storage unit to the coupling unit, while also providing electrical isolation for the system. In this case, the power conversion topology of the energy storage unit can be eliminated. In this case, the energy storage unit only includes the energy storage battery pack and BMS, which can reduce the overall hardware cost of the system. In this case, charging and discharging can be achieved separately through the power optimization unit and the electrical isolation unit.

[0148] In addition, the energy storage unit can also include a power conversion topology and an energy storage battery pack; the power conversion topology is used to realize the charging and discharging operations of the energy storage battery pack. This structure makes the control of the HEMS simpler.

[0149] against Figure 5-7 The structure of the control logic is as follows Figure 8 As shown, the HEMS control program, in addition to the above control functions, can also control the power optimization unit to supply power to the energy storage unit when there is sufficient sunlight. After the energy storage unit is fully charged, the power optimization unit is controlled to supply power to the grid, thereby achieving maximum utilization of the photovoltaic modules.

[0150] In this embodiment, a variety of setting positions and corresponding internal structures of the energy storage unit are provided, so that a suitable setting position can be selected according to actual needs, thereby improving the selectivity of the solution and the adaptability to different scenarios.

[0151] Another embodiment of the present application provides an energy system, including the above energy control system and electrical equipment. The specific structure is shown in the corresponding attached Figure 2-6 shown.

[0152] Based on the structure of the above energy control system, another embodiment of the present application provides an energy control method, which is applied to the controller in the above energy control system. The energy control method may include:

[0153] When the second electric energy is greater than the electric energy required by the electric device, the control coupling unit outputs the electric energy required by the electric device to the water heater, and outputs the electric energy of the second electric energy not used by the electric device to the power grid through the AC conversion unit.

[0154] More specifically, when there is no power outage in the power grid, the coupling unit is controlled to output the electric energy required by the electric device to the electric device. At the same time, the operating state of the AC conversion unit is controlled to be set to the reverse output state, so that the coupling unit outputs the electric energy in the second electric energy that is not used by the electric device to the power grid through the AC conversion unit.

[0155] Specific as Figure 9 As shown, taking a water heater as an example, when the grid is not experiencing a power outage, the user will pre-set the desired water temperature when starting to use the water heater. This water temperature can be a maximum water temperature value. The HEMS obtains this water temperature and then instructs the AC conversion unit to start operating. The AC conversion unit converts the sinusoidal voltage of the grid into DC voltage. After the voltage of the coupling unit is established, the HEMS begins to instruct the coupling unit and the heating element to heat. At this time, the energy for the heating element comes entirely from the power drawn from the grid through the coupling unit, and the voltage of the coupling unit remains stable. The HEMS then instructs the power optimization unit to start operating, and the photovoltaic panels begin to output energy to the coupling unit, causing the voltage of the coupling unit to rise. At this time, the HEMS controls the output of the AC conversion unit to decrease as the voltage of the coupling unit increases, thereby keeping the voltage of the coupling unit stable.

[0156] As the PV panels output more energy during the charging process, the energy delivered to the coupling unit by the AC converter decreases, even reaching zero, until the PV panels reach their maximum power point, at which point the AC converter's output energy remains constant. During this process, the coupling unit's voltage remains stable, fully utilizing the PV panels and drawing minimal power from the grid. If the water temperature does not reach the latest set point (updated in real time), and the secondary power output of the PV panels via the power optimization unit exceeds the power required by the water heater, this indicates that the PV panels have a strong power generation capacity and that there is unused power available for the water heater. If the PV panels are controlled to operate at reduced power, this would result in wasted power.

[0157] In addition, if the water temperature reaches the latest set value updated in real time, turning off the power optimization unit will also cause waste of photovoltaic components.

[0158] Therefore, when the second electrical energy output by the power optimization unit exceeds the electrical energy required by the water heater, the HEMS control program determines whether the energy storage unit is fully charged. If not, the HEMS controls the energy storage unit to begin charging, with the photovoltaic panels storing solar energy in the energy storage unit at maximum power until it is fully charged. If the water temperature falls below the minimum set value during the energy storage unit charging process, the HEMS stops charging the energy storage unit, re-establishes the set temperature, and resumes heating the heating element according to the above process.

[0159] When the energy storage unit is fully charged, that is, when neither the heating body nor the energy storage unit requires energy or the second electric energy provided by the power optimization unit is greater than the electric energy required by the water heater, in this state, if the photovoltaic module can still generate electricity, if the power optimization unit is turned off or the photovoltaic module is controlled to reduce power operation, the utilization rate of the photovoltaic module will be low. At this time, the HEMS controls the AC conversion unit to the reverse output state. When the operating state of the AC conversion unit is the reverse output state, electric energy is output from the coupling unit to the power grid. At this time, the power optimization unit adjusts the photovoltaic module to the MPP state and outputs all solar energy or electric energy not used by the water heater to the power grid in reverse. The solar energy connected to the grid will be consumed by other household electrical appliances first, saving electricity expenses for users and maximizing the utilization of solar energy. This state continues until the HEMS detects that the water temperature is lower than the minimum setting and stops, at which time the water heater is reheated.

[0160] In another implementation of the present application, when the energy control system includes an energy storage unit and an uninterruptible power supply, and the uninterruptible power supply is connected to the coupling unit, the energy control method further includes:

[0161] 1) When a power outage occurs in the power grid, the AC conversion unit and the power optimization unit are controlled to stop operating.

[0162] Specifically, the emergency power backup and off-grid output process is as follows: Figure 10 As shown in the figure, during a power outage, when the HEMS control program detects a power outage, it first switches the UPS to an emergency state, enabling it to output AC power to connected devices to ensure uninterrupted operation. It also issues a power outage alarm to draw user attention. It then shuts down the AC conversion unit and power optimization unit to meet anti-islanding requirements.

[0163] 2) Obtaining the remaining power of the energy storage unit, and when the remaining power is greater than a power threshold, controlling the power optimization unit to operate so that the energy storage unit and the power optimization unit supply power to the uninterruptible power supply.

[0164] Among them, the power threshold can be a power level that allows the energy storage unit to discharge. When the remaining power of the energy storage unit is less than the power threshold, if the discharge continues, the loss to the energy storage unit will be large, affecting the life of the energy storage unit. Therefore, the energy storage unit is allowed to discharge only when the remaining power is greater than the power threshold.

[0165] After shutting down the AC conversion unit and the power optimization unit, the HEMS control program determines whether the energy storage unit is exhausted (i.e., whether the remaining power is greater than the power threshold). If there is still power (the remaining power is greater than the power threshold), the power optimization unit is turned on to make the photovoltaic modules work in the MPP state and work with the energy storage unit to power the UPS.

[0166] In one implementation, after controlling the power optimization unit to operate so that the energy storage unit and the power optimization unit supply power to the uninterruptible power supply, the method further includes:

[0167] If an off-grid output instruction is received, the operating state of the AC conversion unit is adjusted to a reverse off-grid output state (or off-grid output mode), so that the AC conversion unit uses the electric energy output by the energy storage unit and the power optimization unit to provide off-grid power supply for the electrical equipment, thereby realizing the off-grid power supply function of the equipment.

[0168] Specifically, after the HEMS control program controls the energy storage unit and the power optimization unit to supply power to the uninterruptible power supply, if the user has electrical equipment that needs to be charged, but since the number of electrical equipment connected to the uninterruptible power supply is limited, the off-grid output function of the AC conversion unit can be used at this time. The electrical equipment to be charged is connected to the AC conversion unit and an off-grid output instruction is output. After the HEMS control program obtains the off-grid output instruction output by the user, it will control the operating state of the AC conversion unit to switch to the reverse off-grid output state. At this time, the photovoltaic components and the energy storage unit work together to supply power to the off-grid port and UPS of the AC conversion unit.

[0169] In this embodiment, the operating state of the AC conversion unit is switched to the reverse off-grid output state only after confirming receipt of the off-grid output instruction output by the user, thereby avoiding the microgrid risk caused by actively switching to the reverse off-grid output state and achieving safe electricity use.

[0170] In addition, in this embodiment, the energy storage battery can be used as a home backup power supply or UPS power supply to provide emergency power for important equipment.

[0171] After using photovoltaic components and energy storage units together to power the UPS, or simultaneously powering the off-grid port of the AC conversion unit and the UPS, if the remaining power of the energy storage unit is less than the power threshold, the energy storage unit and the power optimization unit are controlled to stop powering the uninterruptible power supply.

[0172] Specifically, when it is determined that the remaining power of the energy storage unit is less than the power threshold, that is, the power of the energy storage unit is exhausted, since the power source of the photovoltaic module is sunlight, the sunlight illumination will change in real time, and the photovoltaic module's power generation capacity is affected by the light intensity, making the power supply unstable. Therefore, relying solely on the photovoltaic module to power the UPS and the off-grid port may result in the power supply being high or low, making the power supply voltage of the equipment unstable and the equipment's operating reliability low. Therefore, at this time, the photovoltaic module is stopped from being used for power supply, and the HEMS control program controls the energy storage unit and the power optimization unit to stop supplying power to the uninterruptible power supply. Specifically, it can shut down the energy storage unit, AC conversion unit, and UPS unit, and send a UPS failure alarm to the user, reminding the user to take countermeasures for the operating status of high-value electrical equipment, or use a backup power supply.

[0173] In an actual scenario, after controlling the energy storage unit, the power optimization unit, and the uninterruptible power supply to stop running, the method further includes:

[0174] When the output power of the power optimization unit is greater than a charging power threshold, the power optimization unit is controlled to charge the energy storage unit.

[0175] Specifically, the charging power threshold is a set threshold for the power output of the power optimization unit. If the power output of the power optimization unit is less than this threshold, it indicates that the current power generation capacity of the PV module is poor, and the power of the PV module's MPP cannot support the charging of the battery in the energy storage unit. The PV module's charging effect on the energy storage unit is poor. In this case, the power optimization unit and the energy storage unit need to be shut down and enter standby mode. Only when the output power of the power optimization unit exceeds the charging power threshold is the power optimization unit allowed to charge the energy storage unit. Specifically, when the output power of the power optimization unit exceeds the charging power threshold, the power optimization unit and the energy storage unit are activated to prepare to charge the battery in the energy storage unit. If the charging condition is met, the PV module charges the energy storage unit in the MPP state until it is fully charged, and then enters standby mode. During this charging process, if the user issues a command to suspend charging and request off-grid or UPS output, the HEMS controls the shutdown of the power optimization unit and the energy storage unit, enters standby mode, checks the energy storage unit's power level, and initiates relevant output actions.

[0176] In the above embodiment, the energy control system includes an energy storage unit and an uninterruptible power supply, and the uninterruptible power supply is arranged between the coupling unit and the AC conversion unit. In addition, the uninterruptible power supply can also be integrated into the AC conversion unit.

[0177] In the case where the energy control system includes an energy storage unit and an uninterruptible power supply, and the uninterruptible power supply is integrated into the AC conversion unit, the energy control method further includes:

[0178] In the event of a power outage in the power grid, controlling the AC conversion unit and the power optimization unit to stop operating;

[0179] Obtaining the remaining power of the energy storage unit;

[0180] When the remaining power is greater than a power threshold, the power optimization unit and the AC conversion unit are controlled to operate so that the energy storage unit and the power optimization unit supply power to a device connected to the AC conversion unit.

[0181] It should be noted that the implementation process in the embodiment of the present invention is the same as the implementation process of connecting the uninterruptible power supply to the coupling unit, and only the setting position of the uninterruptible power supply is different.

[0182] In this embodiment, by configuring the AC converter unit in a bidirectional topology, in addition to outputting grid energy to the coupling unit for heating and battery charging, the unit can also reversely output the solar energy from the photovoltaic modules and the energy stored in the energy storage unit back to the grid for grid-connected operation. The AC converter unit also has an off-grid output function, allowing it to be manually switched to off-grid output mode during a household power outage, using the off-grid output power as a backup power source.

[0183] In one implementation, algorithms for various other operating conditions, such as the energy storage unit heating the water heater and off-grid output during a grid outage, can be integrated into the HEMS control program.

[0184] In another implementation of the present application, the controller can also control at least two units among the AC conversion unit, the power optimization unit and the energy storage unit to perform power output operations.

[0185] The controller in the embodiment of the present application, specifically the specific implementation of the HEMS control program in the controller, refers to the above corresponding description.

[0186] In one implementation of the present application, controlling at least two of the AC conversion unit, the power optimization unit, and the energy storage unit to perform an electric energy output operation may include:

[0187] 1) Controlling the AC conversion unit to operate so that the AC conversion unit converts the AC power output from the power grid into first electric energy.

[0188] In actual scenarios, the current water temperature of the water heater is the temperature of the water in the water heater when the heating element starts heating.

[0189] Generally, a water heater can be set to either automatic or manual heating. In automatic heating, the water heater automatically heats when the water temperature falls below a lower threshold (which can be set, such as 20°C). Furthermore, if the user manually clicks the heating button, the heating command is considered received and the water heater begins heating.

[0190] Therefore, when the current water temperature is lower than a lower water temperature threshold or a heating instruction is received, the current water temperature of the water heater can be obtained.

[0191] In addition, when the water heater is heating, the user will also set a higher water temperature threshold, such as the first water temperature threshold, which is the highest temperature value. If the temperature of the water in the water heater reaches the first water temperature threshold, heating can be stopped.

[0192] Specifically, when the water heater begins heating, the coupling unit needs to provide a fixed voltage to the heating element. This voltage is the DC voltage the coupling unit receives from the power grid. Therefore, when the water heater begins heating, the AC conversion unit is first activated. The AC conversion unit converts the sinusoidal power grid voltage into DC (i.e., first electrical energy) and outputs it to the coupling unit. This DC voltage is then supplied to the heating element. After the voltage on the coupling unit is established, the HEMS control program begins instructing the coupling unit and the heating element to heat. At this point, the heating element's energy comes entirely from the power grid, and the voltage on the coupling unit remains stable.

[0193] 2) After the voltage of the coupling unit is stabilized, controlling the power optimization unit to operate so that the power optimization unit converts the electric energy output by the photovoltaic assembly into the second electric energy.

[0194] After the voltage of the coupling unit stabilizes, the electricity generated by the photovoltaic modules is prioritized for powering the water heater, as solar energy is green and low-cost. At this point, the HEMS control program instructs the power optimization unit to begin operation, and the photovoltaic modules begin outputting energy to the power optimization unit. The power optimization unit then converts the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic modules into a second electrical energy and outputs it to the coupling unit.

[0195] 3) Obtaining the output power of the power optimization unit.

[0196] In actual scenarios, there may be insufficient light due to environmental factors such as cloudy days, rain, and snow, or there may be no light at night. In these two cases, the photovoltaic modules output less electricity, especially at night. Due to the lack of light, the photovoltaic modules do not output electricity. If the photovoltaic modules continue to be used, the photovoltaic modules and power optimization units will need to operate, but the production capacity will be low and the utilization rate of the power optimization unit will be low.

[0197] To this end, embodiments of the present invention may set two power thresholds, namely a first power threshold and a second power threshold. The first power threshold is lower than the second power threshold. For example, the first power threshold may be a power value close to zero but slightly greater than zero, such as 10W, and the second power threshold may be a larger threshold, such as 2kW.

[0198] Therefore, the output power of the power optimization unit can be obtained, and based on the comparison with the first power threshold and the second power threshold, the current operation scenario is determined, and the corresponding unit output power is selected.

[0199] 4) When the output power of the power optimization unit is less than a first threshold, controlling the power optimization unit to stop operating, and controlling the energy storage unit to output a third electric energy.

[0200] Specifically, when the power output of the PV module is less than the first power threshold, indicating that the current PV module production capacity is low, most likely due to a dark night. To prevent low utilization of the power optimization unit, the power optimization unit can be controlled to stop operating. Furthermore, the energy storage unit can be controlled to start outputting a third power source to avoid the high cost of having all power come from the grid.

[0201] In one implementation, the electric energy of the energy storage unit comes from the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic assembly but not used by the water heater, and / or the electric energy obtained from the power grid.

[0202] For example, when the water temperature in the water heater reaches the highest water temperature threshold (i.e., the first water temperature threshold) updated in real time, the photovoltaic module can still output a large amount of power. If the power optimization unit is turned off, the photovoltaic module's solar energy will be wasted. Therefore, the HEMS of the present invention will determine whether the energy storage unit is fully charged at this time. If the energy storage unit is not fully charged, the HEMS controls the energy storage unit to start charging, and the photovoltaic module stores solar energy in the energy storage unit at maximum power. After the energy storage unit is fully charged, the energy storage unit and the power optimization unit are turned off, and both units enter standby mode.

[0203] If the water temperature is determined to be lower than a smaller water temperature threshold during the charging process of the energy storage unit, the HEMS controls to stop charging the energy storage unit.

[0204] In addition, when the energy storage unit obtains electric energy from the grid, it can control the grid to provide electric energy to the energy storage unit when the water heater does not need to be heated and the current time is in the energy storage charging time period.

[0205] Among them, the energy storage charging time period is the time period when the electricity price is at the valley price. Generally, the electricity price may be at the valley price in the middle of the night. Therefore, when the water heater does not need to be heated in the middle of the night, the AC conversion unit and the energy storage unit can be controlled to operate so that the grid electricity is transmitted to the energy storage unit.

[0206] Generally speaking, electricity prices are higher in the evening, and water heaters are used more frequently during this period. At this time, the electricity in the energy storage unit can be used for power supply, which can reduce the amount of electricity obtained from the power grid, reduce costs, and achieve peak shaving and valley filling for the power grid.

[0207] When the energy storage unit has power, the energy storage unit can be used to power the water heater. Specifically, when it is necessary to control the energy storage unit to output the third power, the remaining power of the energy storage unit can be obtained. When the remaining power is greater than a power threshold and the difference between the current water temperature and the first water temperature threshold is greater than a difference threshold, the energy storage unit is controlled to output the third power at the maximum power of the energy storage unit.

[0208] Specifically, the power threshold can be a level of power that allows the energy storage unit to discharge. When the remaining power of the energy storage unit is less than the power threshold, continued discharge will cause significant damage to the energy storage unit, affecting the lifespan of the energy storage unit. Therefore, the energy storage unit is only allowed to discharge when the remaining power is greater than the power threshold. In actual scenarios, the HEMS will determine whether the energy storage unit is exhausted (i.e., whether it is less than the power threshold). If the energy storage unit still has power (i.e., the remaining power is greater than the power threshold), the HEMS controls the energy storage unit to begin discharging, and the energy storage unit discharges to the coupling unit.

[0209] More specifically, in the embodiments of the present invention, due to the provision of an active heating regulation unit, when the water temperature approaches a first water temperature threshold, the voltage outputted by the coupling unit to the heating element is adjusted. Due to the reduced voltage outputted to the heating element, the output power of the energy storage unit is limited. However, when the water temperature is below the first water temperature threshold, that is, when the difference between the current water temperature and the first water temperature threshold is greater than the difference threshold, the active heating regulation unit is not required to perform voltage regulation, and the energy storage unit can output at its maximum power, which is generally equal to the rated power of the energy storage unit.

[0210] That is, when the remaining power is greater than the power threshold and the difference between the current water temperature and the first water temperature threshold is greater than the difference threshold, the energy storage unit is controlled to output the third electric energy according to the maximum power of the energy storage unit.

[0211] After controlling the energy storage unit to output the third electrical energy, as the energy storage unit outputs more electricity, the remaining electricity in the energy storage unit becomes smaller and smaller. If the remaining electricity in the energy storage unit is less than the electricity threshold, it is not appropriate to continue using the energy storage unit to discharge. The energy storage unit should be controlled to stop running to avoid the problem of shortening the life of the energy storage unit due to excessive discharge.

[0212] 5) When the output power of the power optimization unit is greater than a first threshold and less than a second threshold, controlling the energy storage unit to output a third electric energy.

[0213] If the output power of the power optimization unit is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, the photovoltaic assembly is generating electricity, but the generated electricity is average. This may be due to insufficient sunlight, such as cloudy days, rain, or snow. In this case, the photovoltaic power generation capacity can continue to be used. Since the photovoltaic power generation capacity is average, the energy storage unit can be controlled to output the third power to reduce the power drawn from the grid and reduce costs.

[0214] Furthermore, if the output power of the power optimization unit is greater than the second threshold, it indicates that the photovoltaic panels have a high production capacity, and the water heater's power supply requirements may be met using only the photovoltaic panels, or a small amount of grid power. Therefore, in this case, only the power generated by the photovoltaic panels and the grid are sufficient, without the need for the energy storage unit.

[0215] Furthermore, if the output power of the power optimization unit is greater than the second threshold, it indicates that the photovoltaic panels have a high production capacity, and the water heater's power supply requirements may be met using only the photovoltaic panels, or a small amount of energy from the energy storage unit. Therefore, in this case, only the energy generated by the photovoltaic panels and the energy storage unit are required for power supply, without the need for grid power.

[0216] 6) Adjusting the operating state of at least one unit that outputs electric energy among the AC conversion unit, the power optimization unit, and the energy storage unit.

[0217] In the embodiment of the present invention, when the units outputting electric energy in the AC conversion unit, the power optimization unit, and the energy storage unit are different, the process of adjusting the operating state of the units outputting electric energy is also different, which are now introduced separately.

[0218] 1. Only the AC conversion unit and the power optimization unit output electrical energy.

[0219] In real-world scenarios, when the water heater needs to heat, the HEMS instructs the AC conversion unit to begin operation. The AC conversion unit converts the grid's sinusoidal voltage to DC, and then converts it to DC voltage in the coupling unit. Once the coupling unit's voltage is established, the HEMS instructs the coupling unit and the heating element to begin heating. At this point, the heating element's energy comes entirely from the grid, and the coupling unit's voltage remains stable.

[0220] The HEMS then instructs the power optimization unit to begin operating, and the PV modules begin outputting energy to the coupling unit, causing the voltage of the coupling unit to rise. When the PV modules begin generating power, they have not yet reached their maximum power point, and the generated energy is not optimal. To optimize the PV modules' power generation capacity, the embodiments of this application control the PV modules to reach their maximum power point.

[0221] The HEMS control program then adjusts the operating status of the power optimization unit to regulate the power of the PV panels. In addition, to ensure the voltage stability of the coupling unit, the output power of the AC conversion unit is also adjusted.

[0222] In one implementation, when adjusting the operating state of the power optimization unit, it may be:

[0223] An operating parameter of the water heater during heating is obtained, and an operating power of the power optimization unit is adjusted according to the operating parameter until the power of the photovoltaic module reaches a maximum power point (MPP).

[0224] The operating parameters of the water heater during the heating process may be as follows:

[0225] Data such as voltage and current of photovoltaic modules.

[0226] After the above operating parameters are collected through the communication architecture, the above data can be used to adopt a preset algorithm to intelligently determine the optimal power output of the power optimization unit and control the power of the power optimization unit until the power of the photovoltaic module reaches the maximum power point.

[0227] As the power optimization unit continuously adjusts its operating state, it converts the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic modules into a second electrical energy. The voltage of the second electrical energy output by the power optimization unit changes, typically gradually increasing. At this point, outputting the second electrical energy to the coupling unit causes the voltage of the coupling unit to rise, preventing it from stabilizing at a fixed value. In this situation, the AC conversion unit must be controlled to stabilize the voltage of the coupling unit at a fixed value.

[0228] In actual scenarios, if the AC conversion unit is a non-controllable conversion unit, its output energy will automatically decrease due to the increase in the coupling unit voltage, thereby keeping the coupling unit voltage stable.

[0229] If the AC conversion unit is a controllable power-frequency rectifier conversion circuit, the change trend of its output energy is consistent with that of the uncontrollable conversion unit. If the AC conversion unit is a controllable high-frequency chopper conversion circuit, the HEMS can be used to control the AC conversion unit to actively reduce the output energy to maintain the voltage stability of the coupling unit.

[0230] Then, in an implementation of the present application, after adjusting the operating power of the power optimization unit according to the operating parameters, the method further includes:

[0231] According to the voltage value of the second electric energy output by the power optimization unit, the voltage value of the first electric energy output by the AC conversion unit is adjusted so that the voltage of the coupling unit is a fixed value.

[0232] Specifically, since the fixed voltage value of the coupling unit when stable is known, the voltage value of the second electric energy output by the power optimization unit can be obtained through communication acquisition. Since the voltage value of the coupling unit is determined by the voltage values ​​of the first electric energy and the second electric energy, the theoretical voltage value of the first electric energy can be directly obtained by directly using the fixed voltage value of the coupling unit and the actual voltage value of the second electric energy. The theoretical voltage value of the first electric energy is then used to adjust the voltage value of the first electric energy output by the AC conversion unit, so that the voltage of the coupling unit is stabilized at a fixed value. In turn, the voltage output by the coupling unit to the heating element is stabilized, thereby improving the reliability of the heating element.

[0233] As the energy output of the photovoltaic panels increases, the power optimization unit outputs more and more energy to the coupling unit. Since the voltage of the coupling unit is fixed, the energy provided to the coupling unit by the AC conversion unit becomes less and less. Until the photovoltaic panels reach the maximum power point, the energy output by the power optimization unit is fixed and the energy output by the AC conversion unit no longer changes. During this process, the voltage of the coupling unit always remains in a dynamic balance. At this time, the photovoltaic panels are fully utilized and the electricity obtained from the grid is also the least, further increasing the proportion of green electricity usage in the system. In some cases, the HEMS is adjusted to only use the energy emitted by the photovoltaic panels to provide electricity for the heating body.

[0234] In this embodiment, the adaptive nature of the coupling unit ensures that the heating element prioritizes photovoltaic power generation, increasing the system's green electricity usage and making it more environmentally friendly. Furthermore, the HEMS control function makes energy allocation in the energy control system more intelligent and efficient, saving users significant electricity costs and providing a more convenient user experience.

[0235] Based on the above embodiment, as the heating body continues to heat, the temperature of the water in the water heater becomes higher and higher, gradually approaching the first water temperature threshold set by the user. At this time, in order to enable the water temperature to gradually approach the first water temperature threshold and not exceed the first water temperature threshold, in one implementation of the present application, after controlling the AC conversion unit to convert the AC power output from the grid into the first electrical energy, and controlling the power optimization unit to convert the electrical energy output from the photovoltaic module into the second electrical energy, it also includes:

[0236] The active heating adjustment unit is controlled to adjust the voltage value outputted from the coupling unit to the water heater, so as to realize stepless heating adjustment of the heating body. Specific implementation process refers to the corresponding description above.

[0237] It should be noted that when the active heating adjustment unit is not used, the voltage of the first electric energy output by the AC conversion unit is adjusted in accordance with the above-mentioned method of "using the fixed voltage value of the coupling unit and the actual voltage value of the second electric energy to obtain the theoretical voltage value of the first electric energy, and then using the theoretical voltage value of the first electric energy to adjust the voltage value of the first electric energy output by the AC conversion unit." When the active heating adjustment unit is used to control the voltage of the heating body, the theoretical voltage value of the first electric energy output by the AC conversion unit can be calculated using data such as the grid voltage, the output current of the power optimization unit, the output current of the AC conversion unit, the voltage of the coupling unit, the voltage across the heating body, the current flowing through the heating body, the temperature of the heating body, the water temperature, the water volume, etc., and the voltage of the first electric energy output by the AC conversion unit can be adjusted according to the theoretical voltage value.

[0238] In this embodiment, the active heating adjustment unit can realize the intelligence of the heating process and achieve stepless adjustment of heating through built-in logic and algorithms.

[0239] In another implementation of the present application, as the heating body continues to heat, the temperature of the water in the water heater reaches the first water temperature threshold set by the user. At this time, the AC conversion unit and the power optimization unit can be controlled to stop running and enter standby mode to save resources.

[0240] Specifically, when the water temperature reaches the first water temperature threshold value updated in real time, the photovoltaic module can still output a large power. If the power optimization unit is turned off, it will cause a waste of solar energy of the photovoltaic module. Therefore, the HEMS control program of the present invention will determine whether the energy storage unit is fully charged at this time. If the energy storage unit is not fully charged, the HEMS control program controls the energy storage unit to start charging, and the photovoltaic module stores solar energy in the energy storage unit at maximum power. After the energy storage unit is fully charged, it continues to discharge to the power grid. For its specific implementation, please refer to Figure 9 shown.

[0241] In this embodiment, the output power of the photovoltaic modules is actively optimized to ensure they operate at their maximum power point, significantly increasing their utilization. Furthermore, the adaptive nature of the coupling unit ensures that the heating element prioritizes photovoltaic power generation, increasing the proportion of green electricity used in the system and making it more environmentally friendly and low-carbon.

[0242] 2. Only the AC conversion unit and the energy storage unit output electrical energy.

[0243] During the night, the HEMS control program detects the set water temperature and then instructs the AC conversion unit to begin operation. The AC conversion unit converts the grid's sinusoidal voltage to DC, and then converts it to DC voltage in the coupling unit. Once the coupling unit's voltage is established, the HEMS instructs the coupling unit and the heating element to heat. At this point, the heating element's energy comes entirely from the grid, and the coupling unit's voltage remains stable.

[0244] Since there is no light at night, the output power of the power optimization unit is less than the first threshold, and the power optimization unit is controlled to stop running. In addition, the HEMS control program will determine whether the energy storage unit is exhausted. If the energy storage unit still has power, the HEMS controls the energy storage unit to start discharging. As the energy storage unit discharges to the coupling unit, the voltage of the coupling unit rises. If the AC conversion unit is a non-controllable conversion unit, the energy it outputs will decrease due to the increase in the coupling unit voltage, thereby keeping the coupling unit voltage stable until the energy storage unit outputs at maximum power. At this time, the energy output from the AC conversion unit to the coupling unit reaches a minimum or even 0, and then maintains this stable state to continue heating the heating body until the water temperature reaches the latest set temperature. If the HEMS determines that the energy storage unit is exhausted during the heating process of this energy storage unit, the HEMS controls the energy storage unit to be turned off, the output energy of the AC conversion unit increases, and the energy of the heating body comes entirely from the power grid until the water temperature reaches the latest set temperature.

[0245] If the AC conversion unit is a controllable high-frequency chopper conversion circuit, the HEMS can be used to control the AC conversion unit to actively reduce the output energy to keep the coupling unit voltage stable.

[0246] When the water temperature reaches the latest temperature, the energy storage unit and AC conversion unit are turned off and enter the standby state. When the water temperature drops to a certain difference from the set temperature, the system restarts heating according to the above process. Figure 11 .

[0247] 3. Only the power optimization unit and the energy storage unit output electrical energy.

[0248] The HEMS detects the water temperature and then instructs the AC conversion unit to begin operation. The AC conversion unit converts the grid's sinusoidal voltage into DC and then converts it to DC voltage in the coupling unit. Once the coupling unit's voltage is established, the HEMS instructs the coupling unit and the heating element to heat. At this point, the heating element's energy comes entirely from the grid, and the coupling unit's voltage remains stable. The HEMS then instructs the power optimization unit to begin operation, and the PV panels begin outputting energy to the coupling unit, causing the coupling unit's voltage to rise. During the charging process, as the PV panels output more and more energy, the AC conversion unit delivers less and less energy to the coupling unit, until the PV panels reach their maximum power point and the AC converter no longer converts energy. At this point, the HEMS control program determines whether the energy storage unit is depleted. If the energy storage unit still has power and the remaining power is greater than the grid output, the energy storage unit can be introduced to control the energy output of the energy storage unit to match the grid power, thereby achieving voltage stability in the coupling unit.

[0249] For the subsequent implementation process, please refer to the above corresponding instructions.

[0250] 4. The AC conversion unit, the power optimization unit and the energy storage unit all output electrical energy.

[0251] During low-light conditions during the day, the HEMS detects the water temperature and instructs the AC converter unit to begin operation. The AC converter converts the grid's sinusoidal voltage to DC, and then to DC voltage in the coupling unit. Once the coupling unit's voltage is established, the HEMS instructs the coupling unit and the heating element to heat. At this point, the heating element's energy comes entirely from the grid, and the coupling unit's voltage remains stable. The HEMS then instructs the power optimization unit to begin operating, causing the PV panels to begin outputting energy to the coupling unit, raising the coupling unit's voltage. During the charging process, as the PV panels output more energy, the AC converter unit's energy supply to the coupling unit decreases, until the PV panels reach their maximum power point and the AC converter no longer converts energy. At this point, the HEMS control program determines whether the energy storage unit is depleted. If the energy storage unit still has power and the remaining capacity is less than the grid output, the energy storage unit is introduced and its output power is adjusted to the set power. This means that the energy storage unit is controlled to output energy at the set power, and the grid provides any shortfall in the combined energy output of the PV panels and the energy storage unit, thus stabilizing the coupling unit's voltage.

[0252] There are multiple ways to set the power, which are introduced below.

[0253] 1. The set power is the maximum output power of the energy storage unit, that is, the energy storage unit output is the maximum at this time.

[0254] 2. Set the power to make the grid output power reach the specified value.

[0255] Specifically, the designated value is zero or a value close to zero, so that the power grid outputs the least amount of electrical energy. If the designated value is zero, it is the case of "only the power optimization unit and the energy storage unit output electrical energy" as described above.

[0256] 3. The set power is the difference between the rated output power of the power optimization unit and the actual power generated by the photovoltaic module.

[0257] When the energy storage unit is positioned between the PV module and the power optimization unit, the power output of the power optimization unit cannot exceed its own maximum power limit, as the power optimization unit has its own maximum power limit, where its own maximum power refers to the rated output power. Therefore, the sum of the power output of the energy storage unit and the power output of the PV module should not exceed the rated output power of the power optimization unit. Therefore, the power of the energy storage unit in this case is the difference between the rated output power of the power optimization unit and the actual power generated by the PV module.

[0258] 4. The set power is the difference between the rated output power of the electrical isolation unit and the actual output power of the power optimization unit.

[0259] The energy storage unit is arranged between the power optimization unit and the coupling unit, and is connected to the coupling unit through an electrical isolation unit.

[0260] Since the electrical isolation unit has its own maximum power limit, its output power cannot exceed its own maximum power (rated output power) limit. Therefore, the sum of the power output of the energy storage unit and the power output of the power optimization unit should not exceed the maximum power (rated output power) limit of the electrical isolation unit. Therefore, the power of the energy storage unit at this time is the difference between the rated output power of the electrical isolation unit and the actual output power of the power optimization unit.

[0261] In this embodiment, when there is light during the day but the light is insufficient, the power optimization unit, energy storage unit and AC conversion unit are controlled to heat the heating body at the same time. It can even be decided whether to use the energy storage unit for heating or the grid AC for heating by comprehensively considering the electricity cost and the peak-valley difference. The relevant algorithms can be integrated into the HEMS.

[0262] As can be seen from the above, the embodiment of the present invention comprises a power optimization unit, an energy storage unit, an AC conversion unit, and an active heating regulation unit. The power optimization unit, energy storage unit, and AC conversion unit can all serve as input ports for the system, while the energy storage unit and AC conversion unit can also serve as output ports for the system's energy. This system has multiple inputs and multiple outputs. Therefore, by centralizing the adaptive algorithm within the HEMS, autonomous regulation of each port can be achieved, achieving autonomous and optimal energy allocation and maximizing user efficiency.

[0263] Compared to existing photovoltaic water heaters, this embodiment incorporates a thermal energy management system (HEMS), establishing a power conversion unit with complete isolation between the DC and AC sides and flexible AC / DC coupling. This unit also enables maximum power tracking of photovoltaic panel power generation, maintaining the PV module's output power at its maximum power point. By incorporating an energy storage unit, the solar energy converted by the PV modules is stored in the unit when heating is not required, allowing for the storage of excess solar green electricity. When the PV modules are unable to generate electricity due to lack of sunlight, the energy from the storage unit is released to heat the water heater, minimizing the amount of electricity drawn from the grid, providing users with optimal economic efficiency and significantly improving the utilization rate of the PV modules. Furthermore, the PV panels do not need to be connected in series, making them more suitable for home applications. By intelligently determining optimal power output based on data such as water temperature, heater voltage and current, and energy storage unit charge, this device achieves superior economic benefits. Furthermore, this invention achieves isolation between the grid and photovoltaic sides through topological electrical isolation, improving the safety of the water heater and reducing the risk of electric shock.

[0264] In addition, the active heating adjustment unit can realize the intelligentization of the heating process, and the built-in logic and algorithm can realize stepless adjustment of heating. At the same time, by adjusting the voltage of the coupling unit, it is ensured that the heating energy comes from the photovoltaic components as much as possible, saving the user's electricity consumption as much as possible and realizing efficient green electricity use.

[0265] In addition, the built-in algorithm can be used to smooth out the peaks and fill the valleys of electricity prices, reasonably balance the use of solar energy and grid energy, and provide users with the most economical energy consumption.

[0266] In addition, due to the HEMS, the system's energy allocation becomes more intelligent and efficient, saving users more electricity costs and bringing users more convenient interaction and experience.

[0267] On the basis of the above embodiment, another embodiment of the present application provides an energy conversion device, such as the above controller, which is used to execute the above energy control method.

[0268] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product including computer-readable instructions. When the computer-readable instructions are executed on an energy conversion device, the energy conversion device implements any energy control method provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0269] A computer-readable storage medium is also provided in an embodiment of the present application. The storage medium carries one or more computer programs. When the one or more computer programs are executed by the energy conversion device, the energy conversion device can implement any energy control method provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0270] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An energy control system, characterized in that: include: An AC conversion unit, a power optimization unit, a coupling unit, and a controller; the AC conversion unit and the power optimization unit are directly connected to the coupling unit respectively, and the controller is communicatively connected to the AC conversion unit, the power optimization unit, and the coupling unit respectively; The AC conversion unit is configured to output, based on a control instruction of the controller, the electric energy of the second electric energy output by the power optimization unit that is not used by the electric device to the power grid; The power optimization unit is used to convert the electric energy output by the photovoltaic assembly into a second electric energy based on the control instruction of the controller; The controller is used to control the coupling unit to output the electric energy required by the electric device to the electric device when the second electric energy is greater than the electric energy required by the electric device, and to output the electric energy of the second electric energy not used by the electric device to the power grid through the AC conversion unit.

2. The energy control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy control system further comprises: An energy storage unit, the energy storage unit being directly or indirectly connected to the coupling unit; The energy storage unit is used to output third electrical energy to the coupling unit based on the control instructions of the controller; the electrical energy stored in the energy storage unit includes: electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic components that is not used by electrical equipment and the power grid, and / or electrical energy obtained from the power grid.

3. The energy control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The energy control system further comprises: Uninterruptible power supply; The uninterruptible power supply is connected to the coupling unit, or the uninterruptible power supply is integrated into the AC conversion unit.

4. The energy control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The AC conversion unit is a bidirectional conversion topology structure.

5. The energy control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the energy storage unit is indirectly connected to the coupling unit, the energy storage unit is arranged between the photovoltaic assembly and the power optimization unit; Alternatively, the energy storage unit is disposed between the power optimization unit and the coupling unit, and is connected to the coupling unit via an electrical isolation unit.

6. The energy control system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The energy control system further comprises: an active heating regulation unit located between the coupling unit and the electrical device; The active heating adjustment unit is used to adjust the voltage value output by the coupling unit to the electrical device, so as to achieve stepless heating adjustment of the electrical device.

7. An energy system, characterized in that: The invention comprises an energy control system and electrical equipment as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. An energy control method, characterized in that: A controller applied to an energy control system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the energy control method comprises: When the second electric energy is greater than the electric energy required by the electric device, the coupling unit is controlled to output the electric energy required by the electric device to the electric device, and the electric energy of the second electric energy not used by the electric device is output to the power grid through the AC conversion unit.

9. The energy control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: Controlling the coupling unit to output the electric energy required by the electric device to the electric device, and outputting the electric energy of the second electric energy not used by the electric device to the power grid through the AC conversion unit, including: When there is no power outage in the power grid, controlling the coupling unit to output the electric energy required by the electric device to the electric device, and at the same time, controlling the operating state of the AC conversion unit to be set to a reverse output state, so that the coupling unit outputs the electric energy of the second electric energy that is not used by the electric device to the power grid through the AC conversion unit; Wherein, when the operating state of the AC conversion unit is a reverse output state, electric energy is output from the coupling unit to the power grid.

10. The energy control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In a case where the energy control system includes an energy storage unit and an uninterruptible power supply, and the uninterruptible power supply is connected to the coupling unit, the energy control method further includes: In the event of a power outage in the power grid, controlling the AC conversion unit and the power optimization unit to stop operating; Obtaining the remaining power of the energy storage unit; When the remaining power is greater than a power threshold, the power optimization unit is controlled to operate so that the energy storage unit and the power optimization unit supply power to the uninterruptible power supply.

11. The energy control method according to claim 10, characterized in that: After controlling the power optimization unit to operate so that the energy storage unit and the power optimization unit supply power to the uninterruptible power supply, the method further includes: If an off-grid output instruction is received, the operating state of the AC conversion unit is adjusted to a reverse off-grid output state, so that the AC conversion unit uses the electric energy output by the energy storage unit and the power optimization unit to realize off-grid power supply for the equipment.

12. The energy control method according to claim 10, characterized in that: After controlling the power optimization unit to operate so that the energy storage unit and the power optimization unit supply power to the uninterruptible power supply, the method further includes: If the remaining power of the energy storage unit is less than the power threshold, the energy storage unit and the power optimization unit are controlled to stop supplying power to the uninterruptible power supply.

13. The energy control method according to claim 12, characterized in that: After controlling the energy storage unit, the power optimization unit, and the uninterruptible power supply to stop operating, the method further includes: When the output power of the power optimization unit is greater than a charging power threshold, the power optimization unit is controlled to charge the energy storage unit.

14. The energy control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the case where the energy control system includes an energy storage unit and an uninterruptible power supply, and the uninterruptible power supply is integrated into the AC conversion unit, the energy control method further includes: In the event of a power outage in the power grid, controlling the AC conversion unit and the power optimization unit to stop operating; Obtaining the remaining power of the energy storage unit; When the remaining power is greater than a power threshold, the power optimization unit and the AC conversion unit are controlled to operate so that the energy storage unit and the power optimization unit supply power to a device connected to the AC conversion unit.

15. An energy conversion device, characterized in that: Used to perform the energy control method according to any one of claims 8 to 14.

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