Floating liquid drop power generation device and power generation system constructed by using natural water body

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of floating liquid drop power generation devices and power generation systems constructed using natural water body, including liquid drop, metal top electrode, hydrophobic dielectric film, floating block and natural water body as bottom electrode and substrate;The lower surface of one end or the lower surface of both ends of the hydrophobic dielectric film is bonded with the floating block, and an inclined angle is formed between the hydrophobic dielectric film and the water surface;Hydrophobic dielectric film is provided with at least one or more than one unidirectional drainage hole, and the upper surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film is bonded with at least one or more than one metal top electrode;By using natural water as bottom electrode and supporting substrate, combining hydrophobic fluoropolymer film with unidirectional drainage design, efficient liquid drop power generation is realized, and the technical problems of traditional liquid drop generator relying on metal bottom electrode and substrate and unable to float application are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water power generation, and particularly relates to a floating liquid drop power generation device constructed by using a natural water body and a power generation system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Drop power generators (DEG) have been extensively studied in the past decade. When a falling liquid drop hits the surface of a dielectric film, the liquid drop spreads rapidly on the FEP film. Once the spread liquid drop contacts the top electrode, it is usually negatively charged due to the contact electrification of the dielectric surface. Under the driving of electrostatic induction, a transient charge transfer from the bottom electrode to the top electrode occurs, generating an electric output. The output voltage under this structure can reach hundreds of volts, and studies have shown that the electric output can be improved by increasing the surface charge and super-hydrophobic treatment.

[0003] The main structure of the current drop power generator is electrode-dielectric-electrode-substrate structure, which relies on an acrylic plate or other rigid substrate as a substrate. The cost and weight of such a drop power generator are relatively high. Due to its simple structure, the application is relatively poor, and it is mainly applied on land. However, since the ocean resource accounts for about 70% of the earth's resources, the large area of ocean resources has not been fully utilized. In addition, in potential large-scale applications, the preparation and assembly process of the sample will be complex and cumbersome. Due to the limitation of the rigid substrate, the space resource occupied by the integrated sample is large.

[0004] There are two core bottlenecks in the large-scale application of the current traditional drop power generator:

[0005] 1. The traditional drop power generator (C-DEG) relies on a metal bottom electrode (such as a copper strip) and a rigid substrate (such as an acrylic plate), which results in that 63% (132 yuan / m²) of the material cost is consumed in the metal bottom electrode and the substrate (total cost 210 yuan / m²); the surface mass density is as high as 4.14 kg / m², of which the substrate accounts for 90% (3.73 kg / m²), which seriously restricts the transportation and deployment efficiency.

[0006] 2. The traditional drop power generator (C-DEG) can only be fixed on land and cannot be used in water areas, which cannot utilize the water resources of open water areas (lakes and oceans) and occupies land.

[0007] Based on the above problems, it is urgent to develop a drop power generation system that can be used in water areas. SUMMARY

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the application provides a floating liquid drop power generation device constructed by using a natural water body and a power generation system, which realizes efficient liquid drop power generation by taking the natural water as a bottom electrode and a supporting substrate, combining a hydrophobic fluoropolymer film with a one-way drainage design, and solves the technical problems that a conventional liquid drop engine (C-DEG) depends on a metal bottom electrode and a substrate and cannot be applied in water areas.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] A floating liquid drop power generation device constructed by using a natural water body, which comprises a liquid drop, a metal top electrode, a hydrophobic dielectric film, a floating block and a natural water body as a bottom electrode and a substrate; one end of the lower surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film or the lower surfaces of both ends are bonded with the floating block, and an inclined angle is formed between the floating block and the hydrophobic dielectric film; at least one or more one-way drainage holes are arranged on the hydrophobic dielectric film, and at least one or more metal top electrodes are bonded on the upper surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film; the metal top electrode and the bottom electrode are connected with an external circuit by a wire.

[0011] Preferably, the size design formula of the one-way drainage hole is: ; wherein, is a surface tension coefficient of the natural water body; is a meniscus angle (°), which is measured by experiments as 106°±2°; p is a density (kg / m3) of the natural water body; g is a liquid drop gravity acceleration (m / s 2 ), which is 9.8 m / s 2 ; H is a liquid drop height (m), which can be calculated by the size relationship of the liquid drop ; R is a liquid drop radius (m), which is measured by experiments as 2.2 mm, i.e. 2.2×10 -3 m.

[0012] Preferably, the meniscus angle is a contact angle of the liquid drop and the hydrophobic dielectric film, and the contact angle is 106°±2°.

[0013] Preferably, the metal top electrode adopts a conductive material such as titanium and aluminum, and is fixed with the dielectric film by silica gel; the hydrophobic dielectric film adopts a perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer film; and the floating block is a hydrophobic sponge, a foam block or the like.

[0014] Preferably, the metal top electrode and the bottom electrode are output ends of the power generation device.

[0015] Preferably, an oscilloscope is connected between the metal top electrode and the bottom electrode.

[0016] Preferably, when one end of the hydrophobic dielectric film is bonded with a float, the hydrophobic dielectric film and the water surface form a 10° angle, and when the liquid droplet spreads on the hydrophobic dielectric film, the liquid droplet will flow down due to gravity.

[0017] Preferably, when both ends of the hydrophobic dielectric film are bonded with a float, the float makes the hydrophobic dielectric film and the water surface form a 10° angle, and a groove is formed in the middle of the hydrophobic dielectric film, and a one-way drainage hole is arranged at the center of the groove, and when the liquid droplet spreads on the hydrophobic dielectric film, the liquid droplet will flow down due to gravity, and finally gather in the groove and flow out of the one-way drainage hole.

[0018] Preferably, the distance between the metal top electrode and the one-way drainage hole is 1-1.5 cm.

[0019] A power generation method of a floating liquid droplet power generation device constructed by using a natural water body, comprising the following steps:

[0020] a) The power generator utilizes the strong charge storage ability of the hydrophobic dielectric film, and when the device is placed on the water surface, the top surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film is negatively charged due to the contact electrification between the hydrophobic dielectric film and the water interface, and the cations in the bottom electrode are electrostatically attracted to the bottom surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film;

[0021] b) Adjust the position of the liquid droplet, so that the liquid droplet falls at a speed of 1.5 m / s-2.5 m / s and hits the surface of the dielectric film and spreads to a maximum area of 2.8 cm², and the cations in the water droplet are electrostatically attracted to the top surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film; and ensure that the maximum area is just in contact with the metal top electrode at this time, at which time a closed loop is formed and a negative output voltage of hundreds of volts is generated; in this process, the anions in the liquid droplet quickly migrate to the surface of the metal top electrode due to electrostatic interaction, while the cations stay at the contact interface between the hydrophobic dielectric film and the liquid droplet, thereby inducing the instantaneous transfer of electrons to the electrically conductive wire inserted into the water bottom through the external circuit, generating a pulse output; at the same time, the bottom electrode lead is negatively charged, attracting cations;

[0022] c) The liquid droplet continues to slide and starts to shrink and detach from the top electrode; the whole process takes 40-50 ms. In this process, the electron flow returns to the metal top electrode, and the cations in the water of the bottom electrode migrate back to the bottom surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film; subsequently, the liquid droplet is discharged through the one-way drainage hole, and when the liquid droplet falling frequency reaches 7.5 Hz, the device can also work normally, i.e. before the next liquid droplet arrives, the liquid droplet has been discharged through the drainage hole.

[0023] A floating liquid droplet power generation system constructed by using a natural water body, comprising a plurality of floating liquid droplet power generation devices constructed by using a natural water body as described above integrated.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:

[0025] 1、The power generation device has the same performance as the conventional liquid drop power generation device with the same inclination angle, can be used for self-floating on the water surface, discards the metal bottom electrode and the rigid substrate in the conventional liquid drop power generation device, greatly saves the cost and improves the use convenience, completely eliminates the metal bottom electrode and the rigid substrate, uses the natural water to simultaneously bear the electrode and the supporting function, realizes the cost reduction of 50% (to 106 yuan / m²) and the weight reduction of 87% (to 0.5 kg / m²).

[0026] 2、The device is constructed as a self-floating structure, the power generation system is directly deployed in various water surfaces in nature, the natural water body is used as the bottom electrode and the substrate, the application scene limitation is broken, and the "landless" power generation is realized.

[0027] 3、The power generation device has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture, the liquid drop (water drop, raindrop) can quickly slide on the surface, quickly contact and separate from the electrode, and realize the charge transfer due to the strong hydrophobicity of the FEP film itself.

[0028] 4、The power generation device has strong scalability; when the area needs to be expanded, it only needs to be connected with each unit device.

[0029] 5、A one-way drainage hole is designed, which ensures the one-way water transportation of the liquid drop, avoids the water accumulation or the downstream water flow from interfering with other liquid drops, and thus affects the output stability of the voltage.

[0030] In summary, the product has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient use and the like, has a broad application prospect, and can be used for power supply of wireless sensors for water quality monitoring, outdoor lighting and different fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only some embodiments of the application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural view of the power generation device of the unit of the application;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a front view of the power generation device of the unit of the application;

[0034] Figure 3The top view of the power generation device of the unit of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 The open circuit voltage output comparison chart of the power generation device W-DEG and C-DEG of the unit of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 The transfer charge amount comparison chart of the power generation device W-DEG and C-DEG of the unit of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 The short circuit current comparison chart of the power generation device W-DEG and C-DEG of the unit of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 The peak output power comparison chart of the power generation device W-DEG and C-DEG of the unit of the present invention under different load resistances;

[0039] Figure 8 The schematic diagram of the power generation process of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 9 The high-speed imaging diagram of the liquid droplet impacting the medium film in the power generation device of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 10 The material weight and cost comparison chart of the W-DEG and C-DEG of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 11 The voltage output drop voltage chart of the hydrophobic medium film top area water when there is no drain hole in the present invention;

[0043] Figure 12 The force diagram and size relationship diagram of the single liquid droplet on the drain hole in the present invention;

[0044] Figure 13 The imaging diagram of the liquid droplet passing through the drain hole of different sizes in the present invention;

[0045] Figure 14 The process schematic diagram of the liquid droplet not passing through the hole upward (left) or downward (right) under a certain pressure when the other side of the drain hole in the present invention is air;

[0046] Figure 15 The process schematic diagram of the water droplet spontaneously passing through the hole downward when a drop of water is placed below the drain hole in the present invention;

[0047] Figure 16 The stable voltage output schematic diagram of the W-DEG with a drain hole in the present invention;

[0048] Figure 17 The integrated W-DEG physical diagram of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the full-wave rectifier circuit used in this invention;

[0050] Figure 19 This is a voltage diagram of the integrated W-DEG charging capacitor according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] Example 1:

[0053] like Figures 1-3 As shown, this invention provides a floating droplet power generation device (W-DEG) constructed using natural water bodies. The specific structure includes a droplet 4, a metal top electrode 5, a hydrophobic dielectric film 3, a floating block 2, and natural water as a bottom electrode 1 and a substrate. A floating block 2 is adhered to one or both lower surfaces of the hydrophobic dielectric film 3, raising the film and forming an inclined angle with the water. The hydrophobic dielectric film has at least one unidirectional drainage hole 7, and at least one metal top electrode is adhered to its upper surface. An external circuit is connected between the metal top electrode and the bottom electrode using a wire. The external circuit can be a load or a measuring instrument, etc. In this embodiment, an oscilloscope 6 is connected between the metal top electrode and the bottom electrode to measure the signal output.

[0054] In this embodiment, preferably, the metal top electrode is made of conductive materials such as titanium or aluminum and is fixed to the dielectric film with silicone; the hydrophobic dielectric film is made of perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer film; and the floating block is a hydrophobic sponge, foam block, etc.

[0055] In this embodiment, preferably, when a floating block is attached to the lower surface of one end of the hydrophobic dielectric film, a 10° tilt angle is formed between the hydrophobic dielectric film and the water surface. When the droplet falls and spreads on the hydrophobic dielectric film, the droplet will flow down due to gravity.

[0056] In this embodiment, preferably, when floating blocks are attached to the lower surfaces of both ends of the hydrophobic dielectric film, a 10° tilt angle is formed between the hydrophobic dielectric film and the water surface, and a groove is formed in the middle of the hydrophobic dielectric film. A one-way drainage hole is set in the center of the groove. When a droplet falls and spreads on the hydrophobic dielectric film, the droplet will flow down due to gravity and eventually collect in the groove and flow away from the one-way drainage hole.

[0057] In the present embodiment, preferably, the distance between the metal top electrode and the one-way drainage hole is 1-1.5 cm.

[0058] By the above structural design, the electrical output performance of W-DEG and C-DEG was compared; as shown in Figure 4 When the droplet contacts the top electrode with the maximum spreading area in W-DEG and C-DEG, a high peak output voltage of -250 V is generated; as shown in Figure 5 、 Figure 6 The charge transfer amount and current output of W-DEG and C-DEG are also almost the same; as shown in Figure 7 W-DEG and C-DEG exhibit almost the same maximum peak power output under a load resistance of 0.87 MΩ.

[0059] The above results clearly show that W-DEG has comparable output performance to C-DEG, and thus water can be used as the bottom electrode and substrate; after the contact electrochemistry and electrostatic induction of water in W-DEG are clarified, the power generation process is proposed, as shown in Figure 8 Before the droplet falls on the hydrophobic dielectric film, cations are adsorbed on the bottom surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film because the top surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film is negatively charged by contact due to its high electron affinity; when the droplet hits and spreads on the hydrophobic dielectric film, cations in the droplet are adsorbed onto the top surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film, releasing the cations adsorbed on the bottom surface; when the droplet contacts the metal top electrode, anions in the droplet quickly migrate to the surface of the metal top electrode due to electrostatic interaction, thereby inducing electrons to flow to the electrode inserted into water, which simultaneously attaches cations; this process is the same as the power generation process in C-DEG, except that the electrons migrate in the bottom metal electrode in C-DEG, while the ions migrate in water in W-DEG.

[0060] In addition, the instant when the droplet hits the FEP film was captured by a high-speed camera, as shown in Figure 9 The side view of the droplet hitting the FEP film shows that the film hardly has any displacement in the vertical direction before and after the droplet hits, that is, water has enough stiffness to resist the impact from the falling droplet.

[0061] In addition to the electrical output performance, the material cost and weight between C-DEG and W-DEG, which are crucial for practical applications, were compared, as shown in Figure 10 For C-DEG, the material cost mainly comes from the dielectric film, the bottom metal electrode, and the substrate, with a total cost of 210 yuan / cm -2 (calculated at the retail price of materials), of which the latter two materials account for 63%. In contrast, the cost of W-DEG is 106 yuan / cm -2, which is only half of C-DEG. In terms of weight, the areal density of C-DEG is 4.14 Kg·m -2 , which is 90% of the rigid substrate, in contrast, the weight of W-DEG is 0.5 Kg·m -2 , which is only 13% of C-DEG, which can greatly facilitate transportation and deployment, further reducing application costs.

[0062] Example 2:

[0063] Based on the basis of Example 1, in potential large-scale applications, rapid drainage is crucial in the integration of droplet generators (DEGs) to avoid water accumulation or downstream water flow interfering with other droplets, such as Figure 11 As shown in the absence of drainage holes, the peak output voltage of the floating droplet generator (W-DEG) of the application gradually decreases as the droplets fall on the surface of the dielectric (hydrophobic dielectric film) and accumulate therein; two main reasons are found: on the one hand, the accumulated water will bridge the diffused water droplets with the top electrode before the water droplets are diffused to the maximum extent, thereby reducing the water-solid interface area and the amount of charge transfer caused by electrostatic induction; on the other hand, the accumulated water expands the overlapping area between the top electrode and the bottom electrode and the resulting parasitic capacitance, reducing the output voltage, as can be inferred from the equivalent circuit. Therefore, drainage holes are essential to guide the water flow to quickly leave the top surface of the dielectric film. The water integration feature of the W-DEG requires a reasonable design of the drainage holes to allow water to be transported downward but prevent upward transport, i.e., one-way water transport, which can be achieved by taking advantage of the hydrophobicity of the dielectric film (e.g., fluorine-containing polymer) and the high surface tension of water.

[0064] To ensure that the falling droplets can flow smoothly from the film rather than remaining, a one-way drainage hole needs to be opened at the center of the film, which can be achieved by taking advantage of the high surface tension of water and the high hydrophobicity of the film. As Figure 12 In the design, the droplet is subjected to gravity and surface tension , according to the force balance of the droplet, the critical size of the one-way drainage hole can be derived as follows: wherein, is the surface tension coefficient of natural water; is the meniscus angle (°), the meniscus angle is the contact angle of the droplet with the hydrophobic dielectric film, which is measured to be 106° (± 2°); p is the density of natural water (kg / m3); g is the droplet gravitational acceleration (m / s 2 ), which is 9.8 m / s 2 ; H is the droplet height (m), which can be calculated from the size relationship of the droplet ; R For droplet radius (m), it is 2.2 mm, i.e. 2.2 x 10 -3 m.

[0065] In addition, it is verified by experiments (such as Figure 13 ) that when the rectangular hole with a size of 1-5 mm is subjected to a water pressure of 3 mm, water passes through the drain hole, and when the size of the hole is greater than 3 mm, water begins to flow through the drain hole.

[0066] Based on the above analysis and the droplet size (2.2 mm in diameter), a 3 mm rectangular hole is selected as the drain hole of the W-DEG. When the water droplet is pressed by the dielectric film, the droplet will deform but will not pass through the drain hole upward under the action of water surface tension. Similarly, the droplet residing on the top of the dielectric film does not transmit downward through the hole. Therefore, when the dielectric film floats on the water surface, no water will pass through the drain hole (such as Figure 14 ).

[0067] When the droplet is placed below the dielectric film, simulating the film floating on water, the top droplet will contact the bottom droplet through the hole, and since this eliminates the water-air interface and the corresponding upward force due to surface tension, the top droplet quickly transmits downward through the hole, merges with the bottom droplet, and separates from the dielectric film under the driving of gravity, in this way, unidirectional water transport is achieved (such as Figure 15 ). When the W-DEG is equipped with the designed drain hole, the droplet falling after spreading and shrinking can quickly leave the top surface of the dielectric film. Therefore, the voltage output of the W-DEG with the drain hole remains stable for the continuously falling droplets (such as Figure 16 ).

[0068] Example 3:

[0069] A power generation method of a floating droplet power generation device constructed by using natural water bodies, comprising the following steps:

[0070] a) The power generator utilizes the strong charge storage capability of the hydrophobic dielectric film, when the device is placed on the water surface, the top surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film is negatively charged due to the contact electrification of the hydrophobic dielectric film and the water interface, and the cations in the bottom electrode are electrostatically attracted to the bottom surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film;

[0071] b) Adjusting the droplet position so that the droplet falls and hits the dielectric film surface with a velocity of 1.5 m / s ~ 2.5 m / s and spreads to a maximum area of 2.8 cm2, and the cations in the water droplet are electrostatically attracted to the top surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film; and ensuring that the droplet just touches the metal top electrode when it spreads to the maximum area, at which time a closed loop circuit is formed and a negative output voltage of about 100 volts is generated; in this process, the anions in the droplet quickly migrate to the surface of the metal top electrode due to electrostatic interaction, while the cations stay at the contact interface between the hydrophobic dielectric film and the droplet, thereby inducing transient electrons to instantaneously transfer to the conductive wire inserted into the water bottom through the external circuit, generating a pulse output; at the same time, the bottom electrode lead is negatively charged, attracting cations;

[0072] c) The droplet continues to slide and starts to shrink and detach from the top electrode; the entire process takes 40-50 ms; in this process, the electron flow returns to the metal top electrode, and the cations in the water of the bottom electrode migrate back to the bottom surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film. Subsequently, the droplet is discharged through the one-way drainage hole, and the device can also work normally when the droplet falling frequency reaches 7.5 Hz, i.e., before the next droplet arrives, the power generation droplet has been discharged through the drainage hole.

[0073] Example 4:

[0074] As shown in Figure 17 , a floating droplet power generation system constructed using natural water bodies includes a plurality of floating droplet power generation devices constructed using natural water bodies integrated together, with the floating blocks in the plurality of floating droplet power generation devices connected end to end, forming a floating droplet power generation integrated system.

[0075] In order to improve the energy collection from the pulse-like output of the DEG, a circuit composed of a full-wave rectifier and an inductor (as shown in Figure 18 ) is used, and the energy is stored in a capacitor.

[0076] As shown in Figure 19 , the integrated W-DEG can quickly charge a capacitor of up to 0.22 mF to 3 V in 5 minutes; for a 0.33 mF capacitor, 1.8 V can be reached in 6 minutes; even for a 1 mF capacitor, a voltage of more than 1.5 V is achieved. The high power output of the integrated W-DEG shown is expected to enable various applications, such as powering wireless sensors for water quality monitoring.

[0077] In summary, this product features a self-floating structure, allowing the power generation system to be directly deployed on natural water surfaces. Utilizing natural water bodies as the bottom electrodes and substrate, it overcomes application scenario limitations and achieves "landless" power generation. This product is characterized by its simple structure and ease of use, and has broad application prospects, applicable to various fields such as powering wireless sensors for water quality monitoring and outdoor lighting. It will open up a new avenue for constructing hydroelectric power generation equipment using natural water resources and promote large-scale landless applications.

[0078] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A floating droplet power generation device constructed using a natural water body, characterized by: The device comprises a droplet, a metal top electrode, a hydrophobic dielectric film, a floating block and a natural water body as a bottom electrode and substrate; one end of the lower surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film is bonded with the floating block, which lifts the hydrophobic dielectric film and forms an inclined angle with the water surface; the hydrophobic dielectric film is provided with at least one unidirectional drainage hole, and the upper surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film is bonded with at least one metal top electrode, and the metal top electrode and the bottom electrode are connected with an external circuit by a wire.

2. A floating droplet power generator constructed using natural water bodies as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The one-way drainage hole size design formula: ; wherein, γ is the surface tension coefficient of natural water body, is the meniscus angle, ρ is the density of natural water body, g is the gravity acceleration of liquid drop, H is the liquid drop height, to ensure that the upper liquid drop can flow away after completing power generation to avoid water accumulation or downstream water flow interference with other liquid drops.

3. A floating droplet power generator constructed using natural water bodies as claimed in claim 2, wherein, The meniscus angle is the contact angle of the droplet and the hydrophobic dielectric film, and the contact angle is 106°±2°.

4. A floating droplet power generator constructed using natural water bodies as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The metal top electrode is made of titanium and aluminum conductive materials, and is fixed with the hydrophobic dielectric film by silica gel; the hydrophobic dielectric film is made of perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer film.

5. A floating droplet power generator constructed using natural water bodies as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The metal top electrode and the bottom electrode are output terminals of the power generation device, wherein the metal top electrode is a positive electrode and the bottom electrode is a negative electrode.

6. A floating droplet power generator constructed using natural water bodies as claimed in claim 1, wherein, When the lower surface of one end of the hydrophobic dielectric film is bonded with the floating block, the floating block forms an inclined angle of 10° between the hydrophobic dielectric film and the water surface.

7. A floating droplet power generator constructed using natural water bodies as claimed in claim 1, wherein, When the lower surface of both ends of the hydrophobic dielectric film is bonded with the floating block, a groove is formed in the middle of the hydrophobic dielectric film, and the unidirectional drainage hole is arranged at the center of the groove.

8. A floating droplet power generator constructed using natural water bodies as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The distance between the metal top electrode and the unidirectional drainage hole is 1-1.5 cm.

9. A method of generating electricity using the floating liquid-drop power generation device constructed using a natural water body according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by, The device comprises the following steps: a) The power generation device utilizes the ability of the hydrophobic dielectric film to store electric charges; when the device is placed on the water surface, the top surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film is negatively charged due to the contact electrification between the hydrophobic dielectric film and the water interface, and the cations in the bottom electrode are electrostatically attracted to the bottom surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film; b) The position of the droplet is adjusted so that the droplet falls at a speed of 1.5 m / s-2.5 m / s to impact the surface of the dielectric film and spread to a maximum area of 2.8 cm², and the cations in the water droplet are electrostatically attracted to the top surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film; and ensure that the maximum area is just in contact with the metal top electrode at this time, a closed loop circuit is formed and a negative output voltage of hundreds of volts is generated; in this process, the anions in the droplet quickly migrate to the surface of the metal top electrode due to electrostatic interaction, while the cations stay at the contact interface between the hydrophobic dielectric film and the droplet, thereby inducing transient electrons to instantaneously transfer to the wire inserted into the water bottom through the external circuit, generating a pulse output; at the same time, the bottom electrode wire is negatively charged, attracting cations; c) The droplet continues to slide and starts to shrink and detach from the top electrode; the time of the whole process is 40-50 ms; In this process, the electron flow returns to the metal top electrode, and the cations in the water of the bottom electrode migrate back to the bottom surface of the hydrophobic dielectric film; subsequently, the droplet is discharged through the unidirectional drainage hole, and when the droplet falling frequency reaches 7.5 Hz, the device can also work normally, that is, before the next droplet arrives, the power generation droplet has been discharged through the drainage hole.

10. A floating droplet power generation system constructed using a natural water body, characterized by, A floating type droplet power generation device is integrated by the device according to any one of claims 1-8.

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