Cutting device and process for machining axles

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of axle machining, and provides a cutting device and process for axle machining, which comprises a machining lathe, the inside of the machining lathe is fixedly connected with a connecting plate, and the outer side of the connecting plate is slidably connected with a sliding bottom plate. In the application, a first driving motor is used to drive the transverse movement of a top plate, a threaded connection structure is used to convert the rotary motion into linear displacement, the top plate slides in a fixing column, a buffer structure arranged in the fixing column is used for pressure adjustment, the pressure adjustment system realizes accurate control of clamping force, has an overload protection function, can effectively avoid problems, such as excessive clamping or jacking force, in the working process, avoids excessive stress in the shaft body, prevents the axle from being broken, and improves the working efficiency during axle production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of axle machining technology, specifically to a cutting device and process for axle machining. Background Technology

[0002] The axle is an important component of a vehicle, responsible for power transmission between the engine and the wheels. During the manufacturing process, the ends of the axle need to be cut, and the excess blank on the axle surface is removed by rotating the cutting tool around the axis.

[0003] In existing axle machining processes, the positioning method for axles is mostly to fix them by clamping on one side and using a center on the other. In the center-fixing method, the axle is usually clamped by fixing the center. However, due to the axle's length, it is easily affected by external forces during clamping. Excessive clamping or tightening force, or uneven contact areas (such as at the contact point between the center and the axle), can lead to localized stress concentration, potentially causing the axle to break and produce fractures. This affects production efficiency, reduces yield, and causes unnecessary economic losses. Secondly, to achieve the required precision in axle machining, existing technologies typically employ roughing and finishing processes, requiring multiple clamping operations. These repeated clamping operations accumulate positioning errors, affecting machining accuracy. Furthermore, residual stress after roughing may concentrate due to the clamping forces during repeated clamping, causing the axle to deform or even crack. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the above-mentioned defects, the present invention provides a cutting device and process for machining axles, which solves the technical problem of stress concentration in the machining process of axles in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: a cutting device for axle machining, including a machining lathe, a connecting plate fixedly connected inside the machining lathe, a sliding base plate slidably connected to the outside of the connecting plate, a cutting tool table fixedly connected to the top of the sliding base plate, and a first cutting tool fixedly connected inside the cutting tool table; A sliding block that is slidably connected to the connecting plate is provided on one side of the sliding base plate, and a placement column is provided on one side of the sliding block, with an adjustment component inside the placement column; The placement column is movably fitted with a snap-fit ​​column, and the snap-fit ​​column is provided with an unfolding component inside; The machining lathe is provided with a limit chuck on one side of its interior, and a telescopic component is provided on one side of the limit chuck.

[0006] Preferably, the adjusting assembly includes a first drive motor, which is fixedly connected inside the sliding block. The output end of the first drive motor is fixedly connected to a first rotating shaft. A fixed column is fixedly connected inside the placement column. A top plate is threadedly connected to the outer side of the first rotating shaft. The top plate is slidably connected inside the fixed column. A first limiting plate is movably sleeved inside the fixed column. The first limiting plate is slidably connected inside the fixed column. One end of a first spring is fixedly connected to one side of the first limiting plate. The other end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the top plate. One end of a fourth spring is fixedly connected to the other side of the first limiting plate. The other end of the fourth spring is fixedly connected to the fixed column. The top plate moves laterally inside the fixed column to compress the first spring, thereby controlling the pressure of the top shaft.

[0007] Preferably, the unfolding assembly includes a first connecting post, one end of which is fixedly connected to one side of a first limiting plate, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to a snap-fit ​​post. The snap-fit ​​post is movably sleeved inside the placement post. One end of the snap-fit ​​post is fixedly connected to a mounting plate, and one side of the mounting plate is fixedly connected to a step block. A circular top is movably sleeved in the middle of the step block.

[0008] Preferably, the unfolding assembly includes a movable column, which is fixedly connected to one side of the circular top. The movable column is slidably connected to the step block. Multiple sets of second sliding grooves are opened on the outer side of the locking column. Each set of second sliding grooves is provided with a second limiting plate fixedly connected to the movable column. A third spring is fixedly connected to one end of the movable column, and the other end of the third spring is fixedly connected to the locking column.

[0009] Preferably, the unfolding assembly further includes a gear, which is rotatably connected to the inside of the mounting plate. The inside of the mounting plate is fixedly connected to multiple sets of second connecting columns, and the outside of each set of second connecting columns is movably sleeved with an unfolding plate.

[0010] Preferably, the telescopic component includes a second drive motor, which is fixedly connected to the inside of the machining lathe. The output end of the second drive motor is fixedly connected to a second rotating shaft. One end of the second rotating shaft is fixedly connected to one end of a connecting shaft, and the other end of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected to a threaded rod.

[0011] Preferably, the telescopic assembly includes a first extension post, the second rotating shaft, the connecting shaft, and the threaded rod are all movably sleeved inside the first extension post, the first extension post is fixedly connected to a machining lathe, a second extension post is movably sleeved inside the first extension post, the second extension post is engaged with the threaded rod, a third extension post is movably sleeved inside the second extension post, a threaded bushing is threadedly connected inside the third extension post, the threaded bushing is sleeved on the outside of the second extension post, the threaded bushing is movably sleeved on the outside of the second extension post through a T-slot so that the threaded bushing can only move with the second extension post, the threaded rod is engaged with the second extension post, the third extension post is threadedly connected to the threaded bushing, and the threaded bushing is movably sleeved on the outside of the threaded rod.

[0012] Preferably, the telescopic assembly further includes a fixing plate, which is fixedly connected to the interior of the third extension column. A fixing block is fixedly connected to one side of the fixing plate. A first sliding groove is formed inside the fixing plate and the fixing block. One end of a second spring is fixedly connected inside the first sliding groove. A first ejector pin is slidably connected inside the first sliding groove. The other end of the second spring is fixedly connected to the first ejector pin. Multiple sets of second ejector pins are fixedly connected to the outside of the fixing block.

[0013] Preferably, the first connecting post passes through the middle of the third spring, the first connecting post is slidably connected to the fixed post, the mounting plate is hollow, and the mounting plate is connected by a triangular connecting rod to form a component, so that the mounting plate does not obstruct the unfolding process.

[0014] The present invention also provides a cutting process for machining axles, comprising the following steps: S1. During rough machining, clamp one end of the axle with the limit chuck, then move the sliding base plate and the sliding block. After the sliding block moves, abut the other end of the axle against the round top. S2. Start the first drive motor to compress the first and fourth springs in the adjustment group. Because the synergistic effect of the first and fourth springs forms a nonlinear stiffness characteristic, it can not only ensure the stability of the initial clamping force, but also absorb the vibration and impact during the processing through elastic deformation. S3. After adjusting to the appropriate pressure, the axle is rough-machined using the first cutting blade. S4. After the rough machining is completed, the second drive motor is started to drive the telescopic component to push out the third extension column. After the third extension column is pushed out, the first ejector pin will first touch the axle shaft. At this time, the second spring applies pressure to the first ejector pin. After the first ejector pin is subjected to pressure, it will transmit the pressure to one end of the axle. This pressure and the pressure of the round top abutting against the axle form a clamping force on the axle. At this time, the second motor stops working. S5. At this time, the limit chuck is released so that it no longer clamps the axle. Then the second drive motor restarts and pushes out the third extension column, thereby driving the second ejector pin to abut against the axle. S6. After clamping the axle with a double-headed pin, the axle is precision machined by the first cutting blade; S7. After machining is completed, release the clamps on the axle, remove the workpiece, and the work is finished.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention uses a first drive motor to rotate and drive the top plate to move laterally. The threaded connection structure converts the rotational motion into linear displacement, allowing the top plate to slide within the fixed column. When the top plate slides inside the fixed column, it applies pressure to the first and fourth springs, causing them to compress. When clamping the axle, the two-stage buffer system formed by the first limiting plate and the fourth spring can absorb overload pressure. Due to the synergistic effect of the first and fourth springs, nonlinear stiffness characteristics are generated, which can ensure the stability of the initial clamping force during processing and absorb vibration and impact during processing through elastic deformation. The fixed column, as a guide structure, ensures the linear motion accuracy of the top plate and avoids uneven contact caused by lateral load. This pressure adjustment system achieves precise control of the axle clamping force and has an overload protection function, which can effectively avoid problems such as excessive clamping or clamping force during operation, and prevent axle breakage due to excessive internal stress, thus affecting the working efficiency of axle production.

[0016] 2. When the circular dome drives the moving column to move backward, the moving column will drive the gear to rotate, thereby opening the unfolding plate along the axis of the second connecting column. At this time, the circular dome, the stepped block, the mounting plate and the unfolding plate form a multi-level stepped layout, so that the pressure of the dome is gradually transmitted, avoiding a single position bearing the entire load, thereby further reducing the stress concentration caused by the dome during the axle machining process.

[0017] 3. This invention uses a second drive motor as a power source, which transmits torque to the connecting shaft through a rotating shaft. The fixed connection between the connecting shaft and the threaded rod allows the rotation of the threaded rod to control the extension and retraction of the telescopic component. Furthermore, due to the helical structure design of the threaded rod, it generates axial displacement during rotation, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the clamping force. By adjusting the rotation angle of the threaded rod, the extension length of the telescopic component can be controlled, thereby adjusting the clamping force on the axle. This avoids stress concentration caused by excessive clamping force and reduces the accumulation of positioning errors caused by multiple clamping operations.

[0018] 4. In this invention, when the third extension post pushes the fixing block close to the axle, the first ejector pin automatically compensates for the unevenness of the axle end face under the action of the second spring, while the second ejector pin evenly distributes the radial clamping force through multiple independent contact points, thereby reducing the risk of local stress concentration. This combination of elastic adaptive structure and multi-point contact design not only ensures clamping stability but also avoids the stress concentration problem caused by traditional single-point ejector pins.

[0019] 5. By using the second drive motor as the drive source to rotate the threaded rod, the first extension column serves as the basic fixed frame. The second extension column inside it achieves primary axial displacement through threaded rod engagement. The third extension column nested inside the second extension column forms a secondary displacement mechanism through a threaded bushing. The threaded rod also serves as the core drive shaft of the two-stage transmission mechanism, converting rotational motion into a composite linear motion of the two-stage extension columns. This multi-stage nested telescopic structure not only achieves a wide range of length adjustment capabilities, but its self-locking thread engagement can precisely maintain the clamping position, avoiding displacement deviations during processing and preventing the accumulation of clamping positioning errors that could affect processing accuracy. Furthermore, when machining bearings, it avoids the possibility of stress concentration caused by multiple clamping operations, reducing the possibility of axle deformation and cracking, improving the yield of axle machining, and increasing work efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some exemplary embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the content of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and these drawings without any creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting blade holder of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sliding block of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the fixing column of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the snap-fit ​​post of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the mounting plate of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting shaft of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the telescopic component of the present invention; Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the fixing plate of the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Machining lathe; 2. Connecting plate; 3. Sliding base plate; 4. Cutting tool table; 5. First cutting tool; 6. Sliding block; 7. Placement column; 8. First drive motor; 9. First rotating shaft; 10. Fixed column; 11. Top plate; 12. First limiting plate; 13. First spring; 14. First connecting column; 15. Snap-fit ​​column; 16. Mounting plate; 17. Step block; 18. Circular top head; 19. Gear; 20. Second connecting column; 21. Unfolding plate; 22. 23. Limiting chuck; 24. Second drive motor; 25. Second rotating shaft; 26. Connecting shaft; 27. Threaded rod; 28. First extension post; 29. ​​Second extension post; 30. Third extension post; 31. Threaded bushing; 32. Fixing plate; 33. Fixing block; 34. First sliding groove; 35. Second spring; 36. First ejector pin; 37. Second ejector pin; 38. Moving post; 39. Second sliding groove; 40. Second limiting plate; 41. Third spring; 42. Fourth spring. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it.

[0024] To keep the drawings concise, each drawing only schematically shows the parts relevant to the invention; these do not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, for ease of understanding, in some drawings, only one of components with the same structure or function is schematically shown, or only one is labeled. In this document, "one" not only means "only one," but can also mean "more than one," and "several" includes "two" and "more than two."

[0025] In this document, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0026] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0027] In the description of this embodiment, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0028] Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] Please see Figure 1-9 The present invention provides a cutting device for machining axles, including a machining lathe 1, a connecting plate 2 fixedly connected inside the machining lathe 1, a sliding base plate 3 slidably connected to the outside of the connecting plate 2, a cutting tool table 4 fixedly connected to the top of the sliding base plate 3, and a first cutting tool 5 fixedly connected inside the cutting tool table 4. A sliding block 6 is provided on one side of the sliding base plate 3, which is slidably connected to the connecting plate 2. A placement column 7 is provided on one side of the sliding block 6, and an adjustment component is provided inside the placement column 7. The internal part of the placement column 7 is movably connected to the snap-fit ​​column 15, and the internal part of the snap-fit ​​column 15 is provided with an unfolding component; A limit chuck 22 is provided on one side of the interior of the machining lathe 1, and a telescopic component is provided on one side of the limit chuck 22; By integrating sliding adjustment and multi-stage clamping structure, dynamic stress dispersion and precise positioning are achieved during the axle machining process. The connecting plate 2 and sliding base plate 3, which are fixedly connected inside the machining lathe 1, form an adjustable cutting platform. The displacement of the sliding base plate 3 drives the cutting tool table 4 to move laterally, so that the cutting process can be flexibly adjusted according to the axle length, avoiding stress concentration at a single position. The combination design of sliding block 6 and placement column 7 controls the clamping force through adjustment components. The snap-fit ​​column 15, which is movably sleeved inside the placement column 7, cooperates with the unfolding component to form multi-point contact support, dispersing the local pressure of the center on the axle. The limiting chuck 22 and telescopic component form a two-way clamping structure. The axial extension of the telescopic component compensates for the axle length error, realizing roughing and finishing in one clamping, eliminating the error accumulation caused by multiple positioning.

[0030] The adjustment assembly includes a first drive motor 8, which is fixedly connected inside the sliding block 6. The output end of the first drive motor 8 is fixedly connected to a first rotating shaft 9. A fixed column 10 is fixedly connected inside the placement column 7. A top plate 11 is threadedly connected to the outer side of the first rotating shaft 9. The top plate 11 is slidably connected inside the fixed column 10. A first limiting plate 12 is movably sleeved inside the fixed column 10. The first limiting plate 12 is slidably connected inside the fixed column 10. One end of a first spring 13 is fixedly connected to one side of the first limiting plate 12. The other end of the first spring 13 is fixedly connected to the top plate 11. One end of a fourth spring 41 is fixedly connected to the other side of the first limiting plate 12. The other end of the fourth spring 41 is fixedly connected to the fixed column 10. The top plate 11 moves laterally inside the fixed column 10 to compress the first spring 13, thereby controlling the pressure of the top shaft. The first drive motor 8 rotates, causing the top plate 11 to move laterally. The threaded connection structure converts the rotational motion into linear displacement, allowing the top plate 11 to slide within the fixed column 10. When the top plate 11 slides within the fixed column 10, it applies pressure to the first spring 13 and the fourth spring 41, causing them to be compressed. When clamping the axle, the two-stage buffer system formed by the first limiting plate 12 and the fourth spring 41 can absorb overload pressure. Due to the synergistic effect of the first spring 13 and the fourth spring 41, nonlinear stiffness characteristics are generated. During processing, the stability of the initial clamping force can be ensured, and the vibration and impact during processing can be absorbed through elastic deformation. The fixed column 10, as a guide structure, ensures the linear motion accuracy of the top plate 11 and avoids uneven contact caused by lateral load. This pressure adjustment system achieves precise control of the axle clamping force and has an overload protection function, which can effectively avoid problems such as excessive clamping or clamping force during operation, and prevent the axle from breaking due to excessive internal stress, thus affecting the working efficiency of axle production.

[0031] The unfolding assembly includes a first connecting post 14, one end of which is fixedly connected to one side of a first limiting plate 12, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to a snap-fit ​​post 15. The snap-fit ​​post 15 is movably sleeved inside the placement post 7. One end of the snap-fit ​​post 15 is fixedly connected to a mounting plate 16, and one side of the mounting plate 16 is fixedly connected to a step block 17. A circular top 18 is movably sleeved in the middle of the step block 17. When the circular top 18 drives the moving column 37 to move backward, the moving column 37 will drive the gear 19 to rotate, thereby opening the unfolding plate 21 along the axis of the second connecting column 20. At this time, the circular top 18, the stepped block 17, the mounting plate 16 and the unfolding plate 21 form a multi-level stepped layout, so that the pressure of the top is gradually transmitted, avoiding a single position bearing the entire load, thereby further reducing the stress concentration caused by the top during the axle machining process.

[0032] The unfolding component includes a movable column 37, which is fixedly connected to one side of the circular top 18. The movable column 37 is slidably connected to the step block 17. Multiple sets of second sliding grooves 38 are opened on the outer side of the locking column 15. A second limiting plate 39 fixedly connected to the movable column 37 is provided inside each of the multiple sets of second sliding grooves 38. A third spring 40 is fixedly connected to one end of the movable column 37, and the other end of the third spring 40 is fixedly connected to the locking column 15. The sliding connection between the movable column 37 and the stepped block 17 allows the circular top 18 to move axially when it contacts the axle, thereby dynamically adjusting the contact pressure. The multiple sets of second sliding grooves 38 on the outer side of the locking column 15 provide lateral displacement space for the movable column 37. The cooperation between the second limiting plate 39 and the second sliding groove 38 limits the stroke range of the movable column 37, preventing excessive displacement from causing structural failure. The elastic connection of the third spring 40 causes the movable column 37 to generate a reverse force when compressed, forming a pressure buffer mechanism: when the clamping force of the top on the axle exceeds the preset threshold, the movable column 37 compresses the third spring 40 to move, absorbing part of the pressure through elastic deformation; when the external force decreases, the third spring 40 pushes the movable column 37 to reset. This elastic contact mechanism ensures that the contact pressure between the top and the axle is always in a dynamic balance, which not only ensures the clamping stability but also avoids local stress concentration caused by rigid clamping.

[0033] The unfolding assembly also includes a gear 19, which is rotatably connected to the inside of the mounting plate 16. Multiple sets of second connecting posts 20 are fixedly connected inside the mounting plate 16, and unfolding plates 21 are movably sleeved on the outside of the multiple sets of second connecting posts 20. Through the structural design of gear 19 driving and linking multiple sets of unfolding plates 21, dynamic adjustment of the clamping force of the axle and uniform distribution of the contact surface are achieved. Gear 19, as the core of power transmission, can drive the unfolding plates 21 to generate synchronous movement when rotated. The movable sleeve relationship between the second connecting column 20 and the unfolding plate 21 allows the unfolding plate 21 to unfold radially uniformly under the drive of gear 19. This design enables the unfolding plate 21 to form multi-point uniform support when in contact with the axle, avoiding stress concentration caused by single-point contact of the traditional fixed tip. At the same time, multiple sets of unfolding plates 21 form a linkage mechanism through the second connecting column 20, which automatically adapts to changes in the outer diameter of the axle during clamping, ensuring clamping stability and reducing the accumulation of positioning errors caused by repeated clamping. The structural layout of fixing multiple sets of second connecting columns 20 inside the mounting plate 16 ensures precise synchronization of the movement trajectory of each unfolding plate 21. The mechanical characteristics of gear 19 transmission achieve linear control of the clamping force, thereby maintaining consistent clamping accuracy in both roughing and finishing stages.

[0034] The telescopic component includes a second drive motor 23, which is fixedly connected to the inside of the machining lathe 1. The output end of the second drive motor 23 is fixedly connected to a second rotating shaft 24. One end of the second rotating shaft 24 is fixedly connected to one end of a connecting shaft 25, and the other end of the connecting shaft 25 is fixedly connected to a threaded rod 26. The telescopic assembly drives the second rotating shaft 24 to rotate via the second drive motor 23. The second rotating shaft 24 forms a transmission connection with the connecting shaft 25. The threaded rod 26 at the end of the connecting shaft 25 converts the rotational motion into linear displacement. The second drive motor 23 serves as a power source, transmitting torque to the connecting shaft 25 through the rotating shaft. The fixed connection between the connecting shaft 25 and the threaded rod 26 allows the rotational motion of the threaded rod 26 to control the telescopic assembly's extension and retraction. The helical structure design of the threaded rod 26 causes it to generate axial displacement during rotation, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the clamping force. By adjusting the rotation angle of the threaded rod 26, the extension length of the telescopic assembly can be controlled, thereby adjusting the clamping force on the axle, avoiding stress concentration caused by excessive clamping force, and reducing the accumulation of positioning errors caused by multiple clamping operations.

[0035] The telescopic assembly includes a first extension post 27, a second rotating shaft 24, a connecting shaft 25, and a threaded rod 26, all of which are movably sleeved inside the first extension post 27. The first extension post 27 is fixedly connected to the machining lathe 1. A second extension post 28 is movably sleeved inside the first extension post 27. The second extension post 28 is engaged with the threaded rod 26. A third extension post 29 is movably sleeved inside the second extension post 28. A threaded bushing 30 is threadedly connected inside the third extension post 29. The threaded bushing 30 is sleeved on the outside of the second extension post 28. The threaded bushing 30 is movably sleeved on the outside of the second extension post 28 through a T-slot, so that the threaded bushing 30 can only move with the second extension post 28. The threaded rod 26 is engaged with the second extension post 28. The third extension post 29 is threadedly connected to the threaded bushing 30. The threaded bushing 30 is movably sleeved on the outside of the threaded rod 26. By combining a three-stage nested extension column structure with a threaded transmission mechanism, a telescopic adjustment system with axial self-locking function is constructed. The first extension column 27 serves as the basic fixed frame, and the second extension column 28 inside it achieves primary axial displacement through engagement with the threaded rod 26. The third extension column 29 nested inside the second extension column 28 forms a secondary displacement mechanism through the threaded bushing 30. The T-slot limiting structure of the threaded bushing 30 eliminates radial clearance while ensuring transmission accuracy. The threaded rod 26 also serves as the core drive shaft of the two-stage transmission mechanism, converting rotational motion into a composite linear motion of the two extension columns. This multi-stage nested telescopic structure not only achieves a wide range of length adjustment capabilities, but its threaded engagement self-locking characteristic can accurately maintain the clamping position and avoid displacement deviation during processing. Through the threaded engagement between the threaded bushing 30 and the third extension column 29, after the second extension column 28 completes the primary displacement, fine-tuning positioning can be achieved through the rotation of the threaded bushing 30, effectively solving the problem of insufficient adjustment accuracy of traditional single-stage telescopic mechanisms.

[0036] The telescopic assembly also includes a fixing plate 31, which is fixedly connected to the inside of the third extension column 29. A fixing block 32 is fixedly connected to one side of the fixing plate 31. A first sliding groove 33 is opened inside the fixing plate 31 and the fixing block 32. One end of a second spring 34 is fixedly connected inside the first sliding groove 33. A first ejector pin 35 is slidably connected inside the first sliding groove 33. The other end of the second spring 34 is fixedly connected to the first ejector pin 35. Multiple sets of second ejector pins 36 are fixedly connected to the outside of the fixing block 32. A rigid support structure is formed by the fixing plate 31 and the fixing block 32. The first sliding groove 33 provides axial sliding space for the first ejector pin 35. The elastic buffer of the second spring 34 enables the first ejector pin 35 to adaptively adjust the clamping force when it contacts the end face of the axle, avoiding rigid impact. Multiple sets of second ejector pins 36 are distributed along the outside of the fixing block 32 to form multi-point contact support, dispersing the contact stress between the tip and the axle. When the third extension post 29 moves and pushes the fixing block 32 closer to the axle, the first ejector pin 35 automatically compensates for the unevenness of the axle end face under the action of the second spring 34. The second ejector pins 36 evenly distribute the radial clamping force through multiple sets of independent contact points, thereby reducing the risk of local stress concentration. This combination of elastic adaptive structure and multi-point contact design not only ensures clamping stability but also avoids the stress concentration problem caused by traditional single-point tips.

[0037] The first connecting post 14 passes through the middle of the third spring 40 and is slidably connected to the fixed post 10. The mounting plate 16 is hollow and is connected by a triangular connecting rod to form a component so that the mounting plate 16 does not obstruct the unfolding plate 21 during the unfolding process. By designing the first connecting post 14 to pass through the center of the third spring 40, the spring is always subjected to uniform axial force during compression, avoiding uneven distribution of clamping force caused by spring skewing. This structural combination allows the adjusting component to absorb some stress fluctuations through the elastic deformation of the spring when applying clamping force, while maintaining a stable output of clamping force through the sliding guide of the connecting post, thereby effectively reducing the risk of local stress concentration in the contact area between the axle and the top.

[0038] The present invention also provides a cutting process for machining axles, comprising the following steps: S1. During rough machining, one end of the axle is clamped by the limit chuck 22, and then the sliding base plate 3 and the sliding block 6 are moved. After the sliding block 6 moves, the other end of the axle is brought into contact with the circular top head 18. S2. Start the first drive motor 8 to drive the first spring 13 and the fourth spring 41 in the adjustment group to be compressed by force. Because the synergistic effect of the first spring 13 and the fourth spring 41 forms a nonlinear stiffness characteristic, it can not only ensure the stability of the initial clamping force, but also absorb the vibration and impact during the processing through elastic deformation. S3. After adjusting to the appropriate pressure, the axle is rough-machined using the first cutting blade 5. S4. After rough machining is completed, the second drive motor 23 is started to drive the telescopic component to push out the third extension column 29. After the third extension column 29 is pushed out, the first ejector pin 35 will first touch the axle shaft. At this time, the second spring 34 applies pressure to the first ejector pin 35. After receiving pressure, the first ejector pin 35 will transmit the pressure to one end of the axle. This pressure and the pressure of the circular top head 8 against the axle form a clamping force on the axle. At this time, the second motor stops working. S5. At this time, the limit chuck 22 is released so that it no longer clamps the axle. Then the second drive motor 23 restarts and pushes out the third extension column, thereby driving the second ejector pin 36 to abut against the axle. S6. After clamping the axle with a double-headed pin, the axle is precision machined by the first cutting blade 5. S7. After machining is completed, release the clamps on the axle, remove the workpiece, and the work is finished.

[0039] Working principle: During operation, the first drive motor 8 drives the top plate 11 to move laterally via the first rotating shaft 9. The threaded connection structure converts the rotational motion into linear displacement, allowing the top plate 11 to slide within the fixed column 10. As the top plate 11 slides within the fixed column 10, it applies pressure to the first spring 13 and the fourth spring 41, causing them to compress. When clamping the axle, the two-stage buffer system formed by the first limiting plate 12 and the fourth spring 41 can absorb overload pressure. The synergistic effect of the first spring 13 and the fourth spring 41 generates nonlinear stiffness characteristics, ensuring the stability of the initial clamping force during processing while absorbing vibrations and impacts through elastic deformation. This pressure regulation system achieves precise control of the clamping force through coordinated control and also has overload protection functionality. Through the sliding connection structure between the movable column 37 and the stepped block 17, the circular dome 18 can be displaced axially when it contacts the axle, thereby dynamically adjusting the contact pressure. This elastic contact mechanism ensures that the contact pressure between the dome and the axle is always in a dynamic equilibrium state, which not only ensures the clamping stability but also avoids local stress concentration caused by rigid clamping. When the circular dome 18 drives the movable column 37 to move backward, the movable column 37 will drive the gear 19 to rotate, thereby opening the unfolding plate 21 along the axis of the second connecting column 20. At this time, the circular dome 18, the stepped block 17, the mounting plate 16 and the unfolding plate 21 form a multi-level stepped layout, so that the pressure of the dome is gradually transmitted, avoiding a single position bearing the entire load, thereby further reducing the stress concentration caused by the dome during the axle processing. After rough machining, the second drive motor 23 drives the second rotating shaft 24 to rotate. The second rotating shaft 24 forms a transmission connection with the connecting shaft 25. The threaded rod 26 at the end of the connecting shaft 25 converts the rotational motion into linear displacement. At this time, the second drive motor 23 is used as a power source to transmit torque to the connecting shaft 25 through the rotating shaft. The fixed connection between the connecting shaft 25 and the threaded rod 26 allows the rotational motion of the threaded rod 26 to control the extension and retraction of the telescopic component. Moreover, due to the helical structure design of the threaded rod 26, it generates axial displacement when rotating, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the clamping force. By adjusting the rotation angle of the threaded rod 26, the extension length of the telescopic component can be controlled, thereby adjusting the clamping force on the axle, avoiding stress concentration caused by excessive clamping force, and reducing the accumulation of positioning errors caused by multiple clamping operations. After the second drive motor 23 drives the threaded rod 26 to rotate, the first extension column 27 serves as the basic fixed frame. The second extension column 28 inside it achieves a first-stage axial displacement through the engagement of the threaded rod 26. The third extension column 29 nested inside the second extension column 28 forms a second-stage displacement through the threaded bushing 30. The threaded rod 26 also serves as the core drive shaft of the two-stage transmission mechanism. The rotational motion is converted into a compound linear motion of the two-stage extension columns. At the same time, when the third extension column 29 moves and pushes the fixed block 32 closer to the axle, the first ejector pin 35 automatically compensates for the unevenness of the axle end face under the action of the second spring 34. The second ejector pin 36 evenly distributes the radial clamping force through multiple independent contact points, thereby reducing the risk of local stress concentration. This combination of elastic adaptive structure and multi-point contact design ensures clamping stability and avoids the stress concentration problem caused by traditional single-point ejectors.

[0040] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cutting device for machining axles, comprising a machining lathe (1), characterized in that, The machining lathe (1) is fixedly connected to a connecting plate (2), and a sliding base plate (3) is slidably connected to the outside of the connecting plate (2). A cutting tool table (4) is fixedly connected to the top of the sliding base plate (3), and a first cutting tool (5) is fixedly connected inside the cutting tool table (4). A sliding block (6) is provided on one side of the sliding base plate (3) and is slidably connected to the connecting plate (2). A placement column (7) is provided on one side of the sliding block (6), and an adjustment component is provided inside the placement column (7). The placement column (7) is movably fitted with a snap-fit ​​column (15), and the snap-fit ​​column (15) is provided with an unfolding component inside; A limit chuck (22) is provided on one side of the interior of the machining lathe (1), and a telescopic component is provided on one side of the limit chuck (22); The adjustment assembly includes a first drive motor (8), which is fixedly connected to the inside of the sliding block (6). The output end of the first drive motor (8) is fixedly connected to a first rotating shaft (9). A fixed column (10) is fixedly connected inside the placement column (7). A top plate (11) is threadedly connected to the outside of the first rotating shaft (9). The top plate (11) is slidably connected to the inside of the fixed column (10). A first limiting plate (12) is movably sleeved inside the fixed column (10). The first limiting plate (12) is slidably connected to the inside of the fixed column (10). One end of the first spring (13) is fixedly connected to one side of the first limiting plate (12). The other end of the first spring (13) is fixedly connected to the top plate (11). One end of the fourth spring (41) is fixedly connected to the other side of the first limiting plate (12). The other end of the fourth spring (41) is fixedly connected to the fixed column (10). The top plate (11) moves laterally inside the fixed column (10) to compress the first spring (13), thereby controlling the pressure of the top shaft. The unfolding assembly includes a first connecting post (14), one end of which is fixedly connected to one side of a first limiting plate (12), and the other end of which is fixedly connected to a snap-fit ​​post (15). The snap-fit ​​post (15) is movably sleeved inside the placement post (7). One end of the snap-fit ​​post (15) is fixedly connected to an installation plate (16), and one side of the installation plate (16) is fixedly connected to a step block (17). A circular top (18) is movably sleeved in the middle of the step block (17). The unfolding assembly includes a movable column (37), which is fixedly connected to one side of the circular top (18). The movable column (37) is slidably connected to the step block (17). Multiple sets of second sliding grooves (38) are opened on the outer side of the locking column (15). A second limiting plate (39) fixedly connected to the movable column (37) is provided inside each of the multiple sets of second sliding grooves (38). A third spring (40) is fixedly connected to one end of the movable column (37), and the other end of the third spring (40) is fixedly connected to the locking column (15).

2. The cutting device for axle machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unfolding assembly also includes a gear (19), which is rotatably connected to the inside of the mounting plate (16). The inside of the mounting plate (16) is fixedly connected to multiple sets of second connecting columns (20), and unfolding plates (21) are movably sleeved on the outside of the multiple sets of second connecting columns (20).

3. The cutting device for axle machining according to claim 2, characterized in that, The telescopic assembly includes a second drive motor (23), which is fixedly connected to the inside of the machining lathe (1). The output end of the second drive motor (23) is fixedly connected to a second rotating shaft (24). One end of the second rotating shaft (24) is fixedly connected to one end of a connecting shaft (25), and the other end of the connecting shaft (25) is fixedly connected to a threaded rod (26).

4. A cutting device for axle machining according to claim 3, characterized in that, The telescopic assembly includes a first extension post (27), a second rotating shaft (24), a connecting shaft (25), and a threaded rod (26), all of which are movably sleeved inside the first extension post (27). The first extension post (27) is fixedly connected to the machining lathe (1). A second extension post (28) is movably sleeved inside the first extension post (27), and the second extension post (28) is engaged with the threaded rod (26). A third extension post (29) is movably sleeved inside the second extension post (28). 9) has an internal threaded connection with a threaded bushing (30). The threaded bushing (30) is sleeved on the outside of the second extension post (28). The threaded bushing (30) is movably sleeved on the outside of the second extension post (28) through a T-groove so that the threaded bushing (30) can only follow the second extension post (28) for displacement. The threaded rod (26) is meshed with the second extension post (28). The third extension post (29) is threadedly connected to the threaded bushing (30). The threaded bushing (30) is movably sleeved on the outside of the threaded rod (26).

5. A cutting device for axle machining according to claim 4, characterized in that, The telescopic assembly also includes a fixing plate (31), which is fixedly connected to the inside of the third extension column (29). A fixing block (32) is fixedly connected to one side of the fixing plate (31). A first sliding groove (33) is provided inside the fixing plate (31) and the fixing block (32). One end of a second spring (34) is fixedly connected inside the first sliding groove (33). A first ejector pin (35) is slidably connected inside the first sliding groove (33). The other end of the second spring (34) is fixedly connected to the first ejector pin (35). Multiple sets of second ejector pins (36) are fixedly connected to the outside of the fixing block (32).

6. A cutting device for axle machining according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first connecting post (14) passes through the middle of the third spring (40). The first connecting post (14) and the fixed post (10) are slidably connected. The mounting plate (16) is hollow. The mounting plate (16) is connected by a triangular connecting rod to make it a component, so that it is not blocked by the mounting plate (16) during the unfolding process of the unfolding plate (21).

7. A cutting process for machining axles, using the cutting device for machining axles as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. During rough machining, clamp one end of the axle with the limiting chuck (22), then move the sliding base plate (3) and the sliding block (6). After the sliding block (6) moves, abut the other end of the axle against the round top (18). S2. Start the first drive motor (8) to drive the first spring (13) and the fourth spring (41) in the adjustment group to be compressed by force. Because the synergistic effect of the first spring (13) and the fourth spring (41) forms a nonlinear stiffness characteristic, it can ensure the stability of the initial clamping force and absorb the vibration and impact during the processing through elastic deformation. S3. After adjusting to the appropriate pressure, the axle is rough-machined using the first cutting blade (5); S4. After the rough machining is completed, the second drive motor (23) is started to drive the telescopic component to push out the third extension column (29). After the third extension column (29) is pushed out, the first ejector pin (35) will first touch the axle shaft. At this time, the second spring (34) applies pressure to the first ejector pin (35). After the first ejector pin (35) is subjected to pressure, it will transmit the secondary pressure to one end of the axle. This pressure and the pressure of the round top (18) against the axle form a clamping force on the axle. At this time, the second motor stops working. S5. At this time, the limit chuck (22) is released so that it no longer clamps the axle. Then the second drive motor (23) restarts and pushes out the third extension column, thereby driving the second ejector pin (36) to abut against the axle. S6. After clamping the axle with a double-headed pin, the axle is precision machined by the first cutting blade (5). S7. After machining is completed, release the clamps on the axle, remove the workpiece, and the work is finished.

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