Device and method for treating long-carbon-chain polyalkyl flotation agent in salt lake potassium salt extraction industrial wastewater

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of flotation agent degradation in a sylvite flotation process, and discloses a treatment device for a long-carbon-chain multi-alkyl flotation agent in salt lake sylvite extraction industrial wastewater, which comprises a flocculent settling zone, an optical-electric coupling Fenton catalytic oxidation zone and a filtering separation zone. According to the method, various single technologies and parameter optimization combinations thereof are comprehensively applied, a set of comprehensive wastewater treatment scheme is implemented for the salt lake potassium extraction industrial wastewater rich in the long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agent, and according to the scheme, firstly, part of suspended solids in the wastewater are removed through physical flocculation treatment; the water quality is further purified by utilizing a physical filtering and purifying effect, and the PtxCuyTez nano-particle catalyst in an optical-electric coupling Fenton oxidation zone generates excessive hydroxyl free radicals. OH by accurately controlling the power intensity of near-infrared laser and a direct-current power supply by adopting an optical-electric coupling Fenton catalysis technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of flotation agent degradation in a potassium salt flotation process, and specifically relates to a device and method for treating long-carbon-chain polyalkyl flotation agents in industrial wastewater from potassium salt extraction from salt lakes. Background Art

[0002] The primary production process for extracting potassium (potassium chloride) from salt lake brine is the "cold decomposition-positive flotation method," which widely uses cationic long-chain polyalkyl flotation agents, such as octadecylamine, dodecylmorpholine, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, as key flotation agents. However, during the positive flotation process, these flotation agents are often used in excess and discharged directly back into the salt pan brine after potassium chloride extraction is completed. Because long-chain polyalkyl flotation agents are difficult to degrade naturally, their long-term discharge and accumulation cause serious pollution to the salt lake ecological environment, affecting the sustainable utilization of salt lake resources. In addition, flotation agent residues will directly reduce the purity and quality of the potassium chloride product, adversely affecting the production quality of potassium chloride. Therefore, how to effectively treat flotation agent residues and reduce their impact on the environment and products has become an important issue that needs to be urgently addressed in the current salt lake potassium extraction process. The current state of the art for treating potassium chloride flotation agents (such as octadecylamine, dodecylmorpholine, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate) in potassium chloride flotation extraction processes primarily involves advanced oxidative degradation (e.g., photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, etc.) and adsorption removal. Huang Yunfang et al. achieved a certain degradation rate using photocatalysis, but the results were limited, at only 55%-70%. Xia Qingyu et al. used electrolytic ferrate preparation to treat sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. While this improved the degradation rate to approximately 85%, it also presented issues such as iron sludge accumulation, secondary pollution, and complex equipment. Photocatalysis and electrocatalysis also rely on catalysts, facing challenges in solid-liquid separation and long-term cyclic stability. Adsorption, as demonstrated by studies by Wang Pingping, Hu Chunlian, and others, can remove flotation agents but cannot completely degrade the pollutants. Instead, it merely transfers the pollutants from the liquid phase to the solid phase, resulting in high costs and a waste of resources. This approach fails to meet the requirements for degradation to a non-toxic state. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for treating long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agents in industrial wastewater from potassium salt extraction from salt lakes, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a device and method for treating long-carbon-chain polyalkyl flotation agents in industrial wastewater extracted from salt lake potassium salt, the device comprising a flocculation and sedimentation zone, a photo-electrically coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone, and a filtration and separation zone; the flocculation and sedimentation zone comprises a first water inlet three-way valve, a flocculation reagent, and a coagulation reaction zone shell; the photo-electrically coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone comprises a near-infrared laser light source, a second water inlet three-way valve, a photo-electrically coupled Fenton oxidation catalyst, a photo-electrically coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone shell, and a DC power supply; the filtration and separation zone comprises a third water inlet three-way valve, an ultrafiltration filter membrane, a filtration and separation zone shell, and a water outlet three-way valve.

[0005] Preferably, the specific steps of using the method are as follows:

[0006] S1: Wastewater inlet and water volume and pressure control: The first water inlet three-way valve is used to connect wastewater and regulate the flow and water pressure to ensure stable flow into the coagulation reaction zone shell;

[0007] S2: Adding flocculation reagent and flocculation reaction: Add appropriate amount of iron-based or aluminum-based flocculation reagent, start the stirring device, and quickly disperse it and mix it with the wastewater to form tiny alum flowers;

[0008] S3: Flocculation and sedimentation and wastewater discharge: The flocculant continues to react with the wastewater to form large-sized alum floc particles, which are then discharged through the drainage device after sedimentation and prepared for subsequent treatment;

[0009] S4: Photo-electric coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation treatment: The sewage is led into the Fenton zone, and a photo-electric coupled catalyst is added. The light intensity and voltage are regulated to catalyze the oxidation and degradation of long carbon chain flotation agents.

[0010] S5: Filtration, separation and purified water export: sewage is introduced into the filtration area, impurities are filtered out by ultrafiltration membrane, and purified water is exported for discharge or reuse;

[0011] S6: Outlet water quality testing and emission control: Test the purified water quality, adjust the process parameters to optimize the effect after it meets the standards, and control the emission through the outlet three-way valve to ensure stable and standard emission;

[0012] S7: System maintenance and care: Regularly inspect and maintain components to ensure stable operation, record data, and optimize water treatment results.

[0013] Preferably, the specific steps for wastewater access and water volume and pressure control in S1 are as follows:

[0014] Step 1: Use the first water inlet three-way valve to connect the salt lake potassium extraction industrial wastewater to the coagulation reaction zone shell;

[0015] Step 2: Adjust the first water inlet three-way valve to control the wastewater volume and water pressure to ensure that the wastewater flows stably and appropriately into the coagulation reaction zone.

[0016] Preferably, the specific steps of adding the flocculation reagent and the flocculation reaction of S2 are as follows:

[0017] Step 1: Determine the type and dosage of flocculation reagent according to the properties of the wastewater and treatment requirements, and select inorganic iron-based or aluminum-based flocculation reagent;

[0018] Step 2: Add an appropriate amount of flocculation reagent into the shell of the coagulation reaction zone to ensure that the reagent is evenly distributed in the wastewater;

[0019] Step 3: Start the coagulation and stirring device to quickly disperse the flocculation reagent into the wastewater, fully contact the colloids and fine suspended matter in the water, cause flocculation reaction, and form tiny alum flowers.

[0020] Preferably, the flocculation sedimentation and sewage discharge of S3 refers to the continuous reaction of the flocculant with the colloids and fine suspended matter in the wastewater in the shell of the coagulation reaction zone. This process causes the colloids and suspended matter to gradually destabilize and flocculate with each other, and finally condense into alum floc particles with larger particle size. With the completion of flocculation sedimentation, these alum floc particles gradually settle under the action of gravity. Subsequently, the sewage after flocculation treatment is smoothly discharged through a carefully designed drainage device, making full preparations for entering the subsequent deep treatment or discharge stage.

[0021] Preferably, the specific steps of the photo-electric coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation treatment in S4 are as follows:

[0022] Step 1: Sewage introduction and pretreatment

[0023] The second water inlet three-way valve is used to smoothly introduce the sewage after flocculation treatment into the photo-electric coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone;

[0024] Ensure that there is no leakage of sewage during the import process and check whether the import pipeline is unobstructed;

[0025] Step 2: Catalyst addition and reaction zone preparation

[0026] In the shell of the photo-electro-coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone, the appropriate amount of photo-electro-coupled Fenton oxidation catalyst is accurately calculated and added according to the concentration of long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agent in the wastewater obtained in advance and the treatment requirements;

[0027] The shell of the photo-electric coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone must be made of transparent glass or quartz, with a shell thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm;

[0028] Step 3: Turn on the light source and power supply and adjust the reaction conditions

[0029] Turn on the near-infrared laser light source and carefully control the intensity, wavelength, and power of the light irradiation to optimize the efficiency of the catalytic reaction according to the current processing requirements;

[0030] At the same time, a DC power supply is connected and the voltage intensity is controlled within a suitable range of 100V to 550V to provide the necessary electrical energy support for the photo-electro-coupled Fenton catalytic reaction;

[0031] Under the combined catalytic action of near-infrared laser irradiation and direct current, the process and effect of oxidative degradation of long-chain polyalkyl flotation agents in flocculated wastewater were observed and recorded.

[0032] Preferably, the specific steps of filtration separation and purified water extraction in S5 are as follows:

[0033] Step 1: Lead the oxidized wastewater into the filtration and separation area

[0034] Use the third water inlet three-way valve to introduce the oxidized sewage into the filtration and separation area. Before operation, ensure that the connection of the third water inlet three-way valve is leak-free and check whether the filtration and separation area shell is intact;

[0035] Step 2: Install the ultrafiltration membrane and start the filtration device

[0036] An ultrafiltration membrane is installed in the shell of the filtration and separation area. Its pore size is ≤0.01μm and its molecular weight is ≤1000 Daltons. This ultrafiltration membrane can effectively filter out microorganisms, bacteria and particulate matter with a particle size of ≥500nm in the water. The filtration device is started to filter and separate the oxidized sewage through the ultrafiltration membrane;

[0037] Step 3: Export the treated water

[0038] After filtration and separation are completed, the treated clean water is discharged through the outlet three-way valve, and the discharged clean water is used for subsequent discharge or reuse.

[0039] Preferably, the specific steps for the effluent water quality detection and emission control in S6 are as follows:

[0040] Step 1: Water quality testing and assessment

[0041] Conduct comprehensive water quality testing on the exported purified water, including key indicators such as pH value, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus;

[0042] Step 2: Process parameter adjustment and optimization

[0043] Based on the water quality test results, analyze the problems in the treatment process and adjust the treatment process parameters accordingly; this includes increasing or decreasing the flocculant dosage, adjusting the intensity, wavelength or power of the laser light source, or replacing the filter membrane with a smaller pore size to optimize the treatment effect and ensure that the effluent water quality continues to meet the standards;

[0044] Step 3: Emission Control and Monitoring

[0045] The discharge speed and flow of the treated clean water are precisely controlled by the outlet three-way valve to ensure a stable and continuous discharge process. At the same time, the discharged water quality is continuously monitored. Once any fluctuation or exceeding of water quality indicators is found, measures are taken immediately to make adjustments to ensure that the discharged clean water always meets the standards.

[0046] Preferably, the system maintenance and care in S7 refers to regularly checking the operating status of key components to ensure the normal operation of the system; maintaining the sealing performance of valves to prevent leakage; regularly cleaning and replacing ultrafiltration membranes to ensure filtration efficiency; maintaining near-infrared laser light source equipment to ensure stable operation. At the same time, recording processing data and operating parameters to provide a strong basis for system optimization and improvement, ensuring the efficient, stable and sustainable operation of the entire water treatment process.

[0047] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0048] The present invention utilizes a comprehensive wastewater treatment scheme for salt lake potassium extraction industrial wastewater rich in long-chain polyalkyl flotation agents by comprehensively utilizing various individual technologies and their optimized parameter combinations. The scheme first removes some suspended solids from the wastewater through physical flocculation, and then further purifies the water through physical filtration and purification. The scheme also utilizes photo-electro-coupled Fenton catalysis technology. By precisely controlling the power intensity of a near-infrared laser and a direct current power supply, the PtxCuyTez nanoparticle catalyst in the photo-electro-coupled Fenton oxidation zone generates excess hydroxyl radicals ·OH, which efficiently degrade the long-chain polyalkyl flotation agents in the wastewater through chemical oxidation. Furthermore, the scheme flexibly coordinates flocculation and sedimentation, photo-electro-coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation, and physical filtration and purification using an ultrafiltration membrane to achieve an optimal combination of the treatment steps, ensuring comprehensive and efficient purification of the salt lake potassium extraction industrial wastewater and providing a strong guarantee for the sustainable utilization of salt lake resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a device for degrading long-chain polyalkyl flotation agents in salt lake potassium extraction wastewater according to the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the flocculation and sedimentation zone of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the photo-electric coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the filtration and separation zone of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the degradation effect of 1 mg / L octadecylamine solution of the present invention using different laser powers when the DC power supply is 100 V;

[0054] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the degradation effect of a 1 mg / L dodecylmorpholine solution of the present invention using different laser powers when the DC power supply is 100 V;

[0055] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the degradation effect of a sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution with a concentration of 1 mg / L and different laser powers when the DC power supply is 100 V;

[0056] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the degradation effect of 1 mg / L octadecylamine solution of the present invention using different laser powers when the DC power supply is 550V;

[0057] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the degradation effect of a sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution with a concentration of 1 mg / L and different laser powers when the DC power supply is 550 V;

[0058] Figure 10 The figure is a schematic diagram of the degradation effect of a dodecylmorpholine solution with a concentration of 1 mg / L and different laser powers when the DC power supply is 550 V.

[0059] In the figure: 1. Ultrafiltration membrane; 2. Water outlet three-way valve; 3. Near-infrared laser light source; 4. Filtration and separation zone shell; 5. First water inlet three-way valve; 6. Flocculation reagent; 7. Coagulation reaction zone shell; 8. Second water inlet three-way valve; 9. Photoelectrically coupled Fenton oxidation catalyst; 10. Photoelectrically coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone shell; 11. DC power supply; 12. Third water inlet three-way valve; a. Flocculation and sedimentation zone; b. Photoelectrically coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone; c. Filtration and separation zone. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device and method for treating long-chain polyalkyl flotation agents in industrial wastewater from potassium salt extraction from salt lakes. The device includes a flocculation and sedimentation zone a, a photo-electrically coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone b, and a filtration and separation zone c; the flocculation and sedimentation zone a includes a first water inlet three-way valve 5, a flocculation reagent 6, and a coagulation reaction zone shell 7; the photo-electrically coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone b includes a near-infrared laser light source 3, a second water inlet three-way valve 8, a photo-electrically coupled Fenton oxidation catalyst 9, a photo-electrically coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone shell 10, and a DC power supply 11; the filtration and separation zone c includes a third water inlet three-way valve 12, an ultrafiltration filter membrane 1, a filtration and separation zone shell 4, and a water outlet three-way valve 2.

[0062] The specific steps of using this method are as follows:

[0063] S1: Wastewater intake and water volume and pressure control: The first water inlet three-way valve 5 is used to receive wastewater and regulate the flow rate and water pressure to ensure a stable flow into the coagulation reaction zone shell 7;

[0064] S2: Adding flocculation reagent and flocculation reaction: Add an appropriate amount of iron-based or aluminum-based flocculation reagent 6, start the stirring device, and quickly disperse it and mix it with the wastewater to form tiny alum flowers;

[0065] S3: Flocculation and sedimentation and wastewater discharge: The flocculant continues to react with the wastewater to form large-sized alum floc particles, which are then discharged through the drainage device after sedimentation and prepared for subsequent treatment;

[0066] S4: Photo-electro-coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation treatment: The sewage is led into the Fenton zone, and a photo-electro-coupled catalyst 9 is added. The light intensity and voltage are adjusted to catalyze the oxidation and degradation of the long carbon chain flotation agent.

[0067] S5: Filtration, separation and purified water export: sewage is introduced into the filtration area, impurities are filtered out by ultrafiltration membrane, and purified water is exported for discharge or reuse;

[0068] S6: Outlet water quality testing and emission control: Test the purified water quality, adjust the process parameters to optimize the effect after it meets the standards, and control the emission through the outlet three-way valve 2 to ensure stable and standard emission;

[0069] S7: System maintenance and care: Regularly inspect and maintain components to ensure stable operation, record data, and optimize water treatment results.

[0070] The specific steps for wastewater access and water volume and pressure control in S1 are as follows:

[0071] Step 1: Use the first water inlet three-way valve 5 to connect the salt lake potassium extraction industrial wastewater to the coagulation reaction zone shell 7;

[0072] Step 2: Adjust the first water inlet three-way valve 5 to control the wastewater volume and water pressure to ensure that the wastewater flows stably and appropriately into the coagulation reaction zone.

[0073] The specific steps for adding the flocculation reagent and the flocculation reaction of S2 are as follows:

[0074] Step 1: Determine the type and dosage of the flocculating agent 6 according to the properties of the wastewater and the treatment requirements, and select an inorganic iron-based or aluminum-based flocculating agent 6; which can be ferric chloride hexahydrate, ferrous sulfate, aluminum sulfate, alum, polyferric chloride, polyferric sulfate, polyferrous sulfate, polyaluminum chloride, polyaluminum sulfate, or polyaluminum phosphate;

[0075] Step 2: Add an appropriate amount of flocculation reagent 6 into the coagulation reaction zone shell 7 to ensure that the reagent is evenly distributed in the wastewater;

[0076] Step 3: Start the coagulation and stirring device to quickly disperse the flocculation reagent 6 into the wastewater, fully contact the colloid and fine suspended matter in the water, and cause flocculation reaction to form tiny alum flowers.

[0077] Among them, the flocculation sedimentation and sewage discharge of S3 refers to the continuous reaction of the flocculant with the colloids and fine suspended matter in the wastewater in the coagulation reaction zone shell 7. This process causes the colloids and suspended matter to gradually destabilize and flocculate with each other, and finally condense into alum floc particles with larger particle size. With the completion of flocculation sedimentation, these alum floc particles gradually settle under the action of gravity. Subsequently, through a carefully designed drainage device, the flocculated sewage is smoothly discharged, making full preparations for entering the subsequent deep treatment or discharge stage.

[0078] The coagulation reaction zone shell 7 can also be made of PE polyethylene, PP polypropylene, PVC polyvinyl chloride, PET polyester, EPS expanded polystyrene, ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, or PA nylon material.

[0079] The specific steps of the photo-electro-coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation treatment in S4 are as follows:

[0080] Step 1: Sewage introduction and pretreatment

[0081] Use the second water inlet three-way valve 8 to smoothly introduce the sewage after flocculation treatment into the photo-electric coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone b;

[0082] Ensure that there is no leakage of sewage during the import process and check whether the import pipeline is unobstructed;

[0083] Step 2: Catalyst addition and reaction zone preparation

[0084] In the shell 10 of the photo-electric coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone, an appropriate amount of photo-electric coupled Fenton oxidation catalyst 9 is accurately calculated and added according to the concentration of the long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agent in the wastewater obtained in advance and the treatment requirements;

[0085] The shell 10 of the optical-electric coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone must be made of transparent glass or quartz, and the shell thickness is 0.1 to 0.5 mm;

[0086] The photo-electric coupled Fenton oxidation catalyst 9 is a platinum-copper-tellurium-based alloy inorganic nanomaterial PtxCuyTez nanoparticle, and x, y, and z can be nanomaterials in any proportion or doped with other alloy elements.

[0087] Ensure that the photo-electrocoupled Fenton oxidation catalyst 9 is evenly distributed in the reaction zone to promote the full progress of the catalytic reaction;

[0088] Step 3: Turn on the light source and power supply and adjust the reaction conditions

[0089] Turning on the near-infrared laser light source 3, and carefully adjusting the intensity, wavelength, and power of the light irradiation according to the current processing requirements to optimize the efficiency of the catalytic reaction;

[0090] The near-infrared laser light source 3 may be a near-infrared laser with a wavelength of 808 nm to 1064 nm, and the distance between the near-infrared laser light source 3 and the optical-electrical coupling Fenton catalytic oxidation zone housing 10 is 2 to 30 mm;

[0091] At the same time, the DC power supply 11 is turned on and the voltage intensity is controlled within a suitable range of 100V to 550V to provide the necessary electrical energy support for the photo-electric coupled Fenton catalytic reaction;

[0092] Under the combined catalytic action of near-infrared laser irradiation and direct current, the process and effect of oxidative degradation of long-chain polyalkyl flotation agents in flocculated wastewater were observed and recorded.

[0093] The specific steps for filtration, separation and purified water export in S5 are as follows:

[0094] Step 1: Lead the oxidized wastewater into the filtration and separation area

[0095] Use the third water inlet three-way valve 12 to introduce the oxidized sewage into the filtration and separation zone c. Before operation, ensure that the connection of the third water inlet three-way valve 12 is leak-free and check whether the filtration and separation zone housing 4 is intact.

[0096] Among them, 14 are PE polyethylene, PP polypropylene, PVC polyvinyl chloride, PET polyester, EPS expanded polystyrene, ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, and PA nylon materials.

[0097] Step 2: Install the ultrafiltration membrane and start the filtration device

[0098] An ultrafiltration membrane 1 is installed in the filtration and separation zone housing 4, with a pore size of ≤0.01μm and a molecular weight of ≤1000 Daltons. This ultrafiltration membrane can effectively filter out microorganisms, bacteria and particulate matter with a particle size of ≥500nm or ≥1000 Daltons in the water. The filtration device is started to filter and separate the oxidized sewage through the ultrafiltration membrane; the ultrafiltration process is a physical separation process that uses the pore size of the membrane surface to separate different substances in the solution.

[0099] The ultrafiltration membrane 1 is made of cellulose esters such as diacetyl cellulose, triacetyl cellulose, polysulfones such as polysulfone, sulfonated polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyolefins such as polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, etc., and the material is not limited.

[0100] Step 3: Export the treated water

[0101] After the filtration and separation is completed, the treated clean water is discharged through the outlet three-way valve 2, and the discharged clean water is used for subsequent discharge or reuse; before discharge, it is recommended to regularly clean the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane to remove dirt and extend the service life of the membrane.

[0102] The specific steps for effluent quality testing and emission control in S6 are as follows:

[0103] Step 1: Water quality testing and assessment

[0104] Conduct comprehensive water quality testing on the exported purified water, including but not limited to key indicators such as pH, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus, to ensure that all indicators meet the requirements of Class III discharge standards in the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards;

[0105] Step 2: Process parameter adjustment and optimization

[0106] Based on the water quality test results, analyze possible problems in the treatment process and adjust the treatment process parameters accordingly; this may include increasing or decreasing the flocculant dosage, adjusting the intensity, wavelength or power of the laser light source, or replacing the filter membrane with a smaller pore size to optimize the treatment effect and ensure that the effluent water quality continues to meet the standards;

[0107] Step 3: Emission Control and Monitoring

[0108] The discharge speed and flow rate of the treated clean water are precisely controlled by the outlet three-way valve 2 to ensure a stable and continuous discharge process. At the same time, the discharged water quality is continuously monitored. Once any fluctuation or exceeding of water quality indicators is found, measures are immediately taken to make adjustments to ensure that the discharged clean water always meets the standards.

[0109] System maintenance and upkeep in S7 involves regularly checking the operating status of key components to ensure proper system operation; maintaining valve seals to prevent leaks; regularly cleaning and replacing ultrafiltration membranes to ensure filtration efficiency; and maintaining equipment such as near-infrared laser sources to ensure stable operation. Furthermore, recording processing data and operating parameters provides a strong basis for system optimization and improvement, ensuring efficient, stable, and sustainable operation of the entire water treatment process.

[0110] In the potassium extraction industrial wastewater treatment process, the process first passes through flocculation and sedimentation zone 1, where flocculants 6 are used to effectively remove suspended particulate matter from the wastewater stream, achieving physical flocculation and sedimentation. Subsequently, the wastewater enters the photo-electro-coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone b, where PtxCuyTez nanoparticles are used as photo-electro-coupled Fenton oxidation catalysts. This photo-electro-coupling effect generates highly active hydroxyl radicals, which chemically oxidize and degrade the difficult-to-degrade long-chain polyalkyl flotation agents, achieving green and efficient pollutant treatment. Finally, in the filtration and separation zone c, ultrafiltration membranes are used to deeply purify the oxidized wastewater, removing microorganisms, bacteria, and particulate matter with a particle size of 500 nm or greater, ensuring near-zero turbidity in the final effluent. This series of treatment steps significantly improves the treatment capacity of salt lake flotation agent-contaminated water, ensuring that the effluent water quality remains stable and meets the Class III emission standards of the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards."

[0111] Example 1:

[0112] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the degradation effect of different laser powers on a 1mg / L long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agent octadecylamine solution at a DC power supply intensity of 100V:

[0113] During the experiment, a long-chain polyalkyl flotation agent octadecylamine solution with a concentration of 1 mg / L was introduced into the device through the first water inlet three-way valve 5 water inlet pump. At the same time, the DC power supply intensity was maintained at 100 V, and the solution inlet flow rate was controlled between 100 and 300 mL / min. In order to explore the degradation effect of lasers with different wavelengths, near-infrared lasers of 808 nm, 980 nm, and 1064 nm were used for degradation experiments. The laser power range was set to 1.0 to 5.0 W / cm 2 The distance between the near-infrared laser light source 3 and the photo-electric coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone shell 10 was precisely controlled at 2 to 30 mm. By regularly sampling and monitoring the residual octadecylamine concentration, it was found that the degradation rate of the long-chain polyalkyl flotation agent reached nearly 80% to 85% in about 30 minutes. Among them, the laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm showed the highest degradation efficiency.

[0114] Example 2:

[0115] Figure 6Schematic diagram of the degradation effect of different laser powers on a 1 mg / L long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agent dodecylmorpholine solution at a DC power supply intensity of 100 V;

[0116] During the experimental phase, the first water inlet three-way valve 5 water inlet pump was used to introduce a long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agent dodecylmorpholine solution with a concentration of 1 mg / L into the device. At the same time, the DC power supply intensity was set to 100 V to ensure that the solution inlet flow rate was maintained at 100-300 mL / min. In order to evaluate the degradation performance of near-infrared lasers of different wavelengths, 808 nm, 980 nm, and 1064 nm lasers were selected for degradation experiments, and the laser power range was set to 1.0-5.0 W / cm 2 The distance between the near-infrared laser source 3 and the photo-electro-coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone housing 10 was precisely controlled at 2 to 30 mm. Regular sampling and monitoring of residual dodecylmorpholine concentrations revealed that within approximately 30 minutes, the degradation rate of dodecylmorpholine reached nearly 80% to 90%. Lasers with a wavelength of 1064 nm exhibited the highest degradation efficiency.

[0117] Example 3:

[0118] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the degradation effect of different laser powers on a 1 mg / L long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agent sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution at a DC power supply intensity of 100 V;

[0119] During the experimental phase, the first water inlet three-way valve 5 water inlet pump was used to introduce a long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agent dodecylmorpholine solution with a concentration of 1 mg / L into the device. At the same time, the DC power supply intensity was set to 100 V to ensure that the solution inlet flow rate was maintained at 100-300 mL / min. In order to evaluate the degradation performance of near-infrared lasers of different wavelengths, 808 nm, 980 nm, and 1064 nm lasers were selected for degradation experiments, and the laser power range was set to 1.0-5.0 W / cm 2 The distance between the near-infrared laser light source 3 and the photo-electrically coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone housing 10 was precisely controlled at 2 to 30 mm. Regular sampling and monitoring of residual dodecylmorpholine concentrations revealed that within approximately 30 minutes, the degradation rate of dodecylmorpholine reached nearly 80% to 90%. Lasers with a wavelength of 1064 nm exhibited the highest degradation efficiency.

[0120] Example 4:

[0121] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the degradation effect of different laser powers on a 1 mg / L long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agent octadecylamine solution at a DC power supply intensity of 550 V.

[0122] During the experiment, a 1 mg / L long-chain polyalkyl flotation agent octadecylamine solution was introduced into the device through the first water inlet three-way valve 5 water inlet pump. The DC power supply intensity was set to 550 V, and the inlet flow rate of the solution was controlled between 100 and 300 mL / min. Subsequently, we used near-infrared lasers with wavelengths of 808 nm, 980 nm, and 1064 nm to carry out degradation experiments. The laser power range was set to 1.0 to 5.0 W / cm 2 The distance between the near-infrared laser light source 3 and the optical-electric coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone shell 10 is controlled at 2 to 30 mm. The residual octadecylamine concentration is monitored by regular sampling. The results show that the octadecylamine solution is basically completely degraded in about 30 minutes. Among them, the laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm shows the highest degradation efficiency. Figure 5 shown.

[0123] Embodiment 5:

[0124] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the degradation effect of different laser powers on a long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agent dodecylmorpholine solution with a concentration of 1 mg / L and a DC power supply intensity of 550V.

[0125] In the experimental phase, the first water inlet three-way valve 5 water inlet pump was used to stably introduce the long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agent dodecylmorpholine solution with a concentration of 1 mg / L into the device, and the DC power supply intensity was set to 550V to ensure the stability of the experimental conditions. The inlet flow rate of the solution was precisely controlled between 100 and 300 mL / min to simulate the flow rate changes in the actual treatment process. In order to explore the degradation effect of near-infrared lasers of different wavelengths on dodecylmorpholine, we selected three wavelengths of lasers of 808 nm, 980 nm and 1064 nm for degradation experiments, and the laser power range was set to 1.0 to 5.0 W / cm 2 During the experiment, the distance between the near-infrared laser light source 3 and the photo-electric coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone shell 10 was strictly controlled at 2 to 30 mm to ensure the effective transmission of laser energy. By regularly sampling and monitoring the concentration changes of residual dodecylmorpholine, we found that in about thirty minutes, the dodecylmorpholine solution basically reached a state of complete degradation. It is particularly noteworthy that among the three wavelengths of near-infrared lasers, the 1064nm wavelength laser showed the highest degradation efficiency, such as Figure 5 shown.

[0126] Example 6:

[0127] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the degradation effect of different laser powers on a 1 mg / L long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agent sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution at a DC power supply intensity of 550 V;

[0128] During the experiment, a 1 mg / L long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agent sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate solution was introduced into the device through the first water inlet three-way valve 5 water inlet pump. The DC power supply intensity was set to 550V, and the solution inlet flow rate was controlled between 100 and 300 mL / min. The degradation experiment was carried out using near-infrared lasers with wavelengths of 808nm, 980nm, and 1064nm, with a laser power range of 1.0 to 5.0 W / cm 2 The distance between the near-infrared laser source 3 and the optical-electric coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone shell 10 is maintained at 2 to 30 mm. Regular sampling and monitoring show that the sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate solution is basically completely degraded in about 30 minutes, among which the 1064nm wavelength laser shows the highest degradation efficiency. Figure 5 shown.

[0129] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0130] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for treating long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agents in industrial wastewater from potassium salt extraction from salt lakes, characterized by: The device comprises a flocculation sedimentation zone (a), a light-electric coupling Fenton catalytic oxidation zone (b), and a filtration separation zone (c); the flocculation sedimentation zone (a) comprises a first water inlet three-way valve (5), a flocculation reagent (6), and a coagulation reaction zone shell (7); the light-electric coupling Fenton catalytic oxidation zone (b) comprises a near-infrared laser light source (3), a second water inlet three-way valve (8), a light-electric coupling Fenton oxidation catalyst (9), a light-electric coupling Fenton catalytic oxidation zone shell (10), and a direct current power supply (11); and the filtration separation zone (c) comprises a third water inlet three-way valve (12), an ultrafiltration filter membrane (1), a filtration separation zone shell (4), and a water outlet three-way valve (2).

2. A method for treating industrial wastewater from potassium salt extraction from salt lakes with long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agents, characterized by: The specific steps of using this method are as follows: S1: Wastewater inlet and water volume and pressure control: The first water inlet three-way valve (5) is used to inlet wastewater and regulate the flow rate and water pressure to ensure a stable flow into the coagulation reaction zone shell (7); S2: Adding flocculation reagent and flocculation reaction: Add an appropriate amount of iron-based or aluminum-based flocculation reagent (6), start the stirring device, and quickly disperse it and mix it with the wastewater to form tiny alum flowers; S3: Flocculation and sedimentation and wastewater discharge: The flocculant continues to react with the wastewater to form large-sized alum floc particles, which are then discharged through the drainage device after sedimentation and prepared for subsequent treatment; S4: Photo-electro-coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation treatment: The sewage is led into the Fenton zone, and a photo-electro-coupled Fenton oxidation catalyst (9) is added. The light intensity and voltage are regulated to catalyze and oxidize the long carbon chain flotation agent; S5: Filtration, separation and purified water export: sewage is introduced into the filtration area, impurities are filtered out by ultrafiltration membrane, and purified water is exported for discharge or reuse; S6: Outlet water quality testing and emission control: Test the water quality of the purified water, adjust the process parameters to optimize the effect after it meets the standards, and control the emission through the outlet three-way valve (2) to ensure stable and standard emission; S7: System maintenance and care: Regularly inspect and maintain components to ensure stable operation, record data, and optimize water treatment results.

3. The method for treating industrial wastewater from potassium salt extraction from salt lakes with a long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps for wastewater access and water volume and pressure control in S1 are as follows: Step 1: Use the first water inlet three-way valve (5) to connect the salt lake potassium extraction industrial wastewater to the coagulation reaction zone shell (7); Step 2: Regulate the first water inlet three-way valve (5) to control the wastewater volume and water pressure to ensure that the wastewater flows stably and appropriately into the coagulation reaction zone.

4. The method for treating industrial wastewater from potassium salt extraction from salt lakes with a long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agent according to claim 2, wherein: The specific steps of adding the flocculation reagent and the flocculation reaction of S2 are as follows: Step 1: Determine the type and dosage of the flocculation reagent (6) according to the wastewater properties and treatment requirements, and select an inorganic iron-based or aluminum-based flocculation reagent (6); Step 2: Add an appropriate amount of flocculation reagent (6) into the coagulation reaction zone shell (7) to ensure that the reagent is evenly distributed in the wastewater; Step 3: Start the coagulation stirring device to quickly disperse the flocculation reagent (6) into the wastewater, fully contact the colloids and fine suspended matter in the water, and cause flocculation reaction to form tiny alum flowers.

5. The method for treating industrial wastewater from potassium salt extraction from salt lakes with a long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flocculation and sedimentation of S3 and the discharge of sewage refer to the continuous reaction of the flocculant with the colloids and fine suspended matter in the wastewater in the coagulation reaction zone shell (7). This process causes the colloids and suspended matter to gradually destabilize and flocculate with each other, and finally condense into alum floc particles with larger particle size. With the completion of flocculation and sedimentation, these alum floc particles gradually settle under the action of gravity. Subsequently, the sewage after flocculation treatment is smoothly discharged through a carefully designed drainage device, making full preparations for entering the subsequent deep treatment or discharge stage.

6. The method for treating industrial wastewater from potassium salt extraction from salt lakes with a long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps of the light-electric coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation treatment in S4 are as follows: Step 1: Sewage introduction and pretreatment The sewage after flocculation treatment is smoothly introduced into the photo-electric coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone (b) using a second water inlet three-way valve (8); Ensure that there is no leakage of sewage during the import process and check whether the import pipeline is unobstructed; Step 2: Catalyst addition and reaction zone preparation In the shell (10) of the photo-electric coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone, according to the concentration of the long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agent in the wastewater obtained by pre-analysis and the treatment requirements, an appropriate amount of the photo-electric coupled Fenton oxidation catalyst (9) is accurately calculated and added; The light-electricity coupled Fenton catalytic oxidation zone shell (10) needs to be made of transparent glass or quartz material, and the shell thickness is 0.1 to 0.5 mm; Step 3: Turn on the light source and power supply and adjust the reaction conditions Turn on the near-infrared laser light source (3) and carefully adjust the intensity, wavelength and power of the light irradiation according to the current processing requirements to optimize the efficiency of the catalytic reaction; At the same time, a DC power supply (11) is turned on, and the voltage intensity is controlled within a suitable range of 100V to 550V to provide necessary electrical energy support for the photo-electric coupled Fenton catalytic reaction; Under the combined catalytic action of near-infrared laser irradiation and direct current, the process and effect of oxidative degradation of long-chain polyalkyl flotation agents in flocculated wastewater were observed and recorded.

7. The method for treating industrial wastewater from potassium salt extraction from salt lakes with a long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps of filtration separation and purified water extraction in S5 are as follows: Step 1: Lead the oxidized wastewater into the filtration and separation area Use the third water inlet three-way valve (12) to introduce the oxidized sewage into the filtration and separation zone (c). Before operation, ensure that the connection of the third water inlet three-way valve (12) is leak-free and check whether the filtration and separation zone housing (4) is intact; Step 2: Install the ultrafiltration membrane and start the filtration device An ultrafiltration membrane (1) is installed in the filtration and separation zone housing (4), wherein the pore size is ≤0.01 μm and the molecular weight is ≤1000 Dalton. The ultrafiltration membrane can effectively filter out microorganisms, bacteria and particulate matter with a particle size of ≥500 nm in the water. The filtration device is started to filter and separate the oxidized sewage through the ultrafiltration membrane; Step 3: Export the treated water After the filtration and separation is completed, the treated clean water is discharged through the water outlet three-way valve (2), and the discharged clean water is used for subsequent discharge or reuse.

8. The method for treating industrial wastewater from potassium salt extraction from salt lakes with a long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps for the effluent water quality detection and emission control in S6 are as follows: Step 1: Water quality testing and assessment Conduct comprehensive water quality testing on the exported purified water, including key indicators such as pH value, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus; Step 2: Process parameter adjustment and optimization Based on the water quality test results, analyze the problems in the treatment process and adjust the treatment process parameters accordingly; this includes increasing or decreasing the flocculant dosage, adjusting the intensity, wavelength or power of the laser light source, or replacing the filter membrane with a smaller pore size to optimize the treatment effect and ensure that the effluent water quality continues to meet the standards; Step 3: Emission Control and Monitoring The discharge speed and flow rate of the treated purified water are precisely controlled by the outlet three-way valve (2) to ensure a stable and continuous discharge process. At the same time, the discharged water quality is continuously monitored. Once the water quality indicators fluctuate or exceed the standard, measures are immediately taken to adjust them to ensure that the discharged purified water always meets the standard.

9. The method for treating industrial wastewater from potassium salt extraction from salt lakes with long carbon chain polyalkyl flotation agents according to claim 2, characterized in that: The system maintenance and care in S7 refers to regularly checking the operating status of key components to ensure the normal operation of the system; maintaining the sealing performance of valves to prevent leakage; regularly cleaning and replacing ultrafiltration membranes to ensure filtration efficiency; maintaining near-infrared laser light source equipment to ensure stable operation. At the same time, recording processing data and operating parameters to provide a strong basis for system optimization and improvement, ensuring the efficient, stable and sustainable operation of the entire water treatment process.

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