Fireproof and hydrophobic building thermal insulation material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, and discloses a fireproof and hydrophobic building thermal insulation material and a preparation method thereof, and the thermal insulation material comprises the following raw materials by weight: 25-30% of rock wool; 12%-15% of cement; 7%-9% of phenolic resin; 8%-12% of glass beads; 5%-8% of ceramic fiber; 12%-15% of polyurethane foam powder; 1%-3% of expanded graphite; 2%-5% of melamine polyphosphate; 3%-5% of aluminum powder; 1%-4% of paraffin base; 3%-6% of magnesium hydroxide; 0.8%-1.6% of glyceryl triacetate; 0.5%-1.3% of a polyether-polyoxyethylene copolymer; 0.6%-1.2% of calcium stearate; 0.3%-0.6% of a zinc ion antibacterial agent; 0.2%-0.5% of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride; 2%-6% of cellulose fiber; according to the invention, through integration of porous structure foaming, flame retardant compounding and hydrophobic and antibacterial functions, breakthrough of the thermal insulation material in heat conductivity coefficient, fireproof grade, water absorption and antibacterial performance is realized, so that the prepared finished product has the advantages of efficient thermal insulation, A-grade fireproof performance, low moisture absorption and high durability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a fireproof and hydrophobic building thermal insulation material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In today's rapidly developing construction industry, building insulation materials are key to improving building energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption. Their performance directly impacts the user experience and safety of buildings. With increasing demands for building safety, durability, and environmental friendliness, building insulation materials with multiple properties—fireproofing, hydrophobicity, and efficient thermal insulation—are becoming an urgent market need.

[0003] Currently, traditional building insulation materials, such as polystyrene foam and rock wool boards, suffer from a single performance problem. While some materials offer some insulation benefits, they have low fire ratings and are prone to flame spread, posing serious safety risks. Some materials with better fire resistance suffer from irrational pore structures, resulting in high water absorption and a significant decrease in insulation performance in humid environments. They are also prone to bacterial growth, impacting the material's service life and the health of the indoor environment. Furthermore, existing materials struggle to balance strength and lightweighting to meet the diverse demands of modern architecture, limiting their widespread application in high-rise buildings, green architecture, and other areas.

[0004] Therefore, the development of a building insulation material and its preparation method that can integrate high-efficiency thermal insulation, excellent fire resistance, strong hydrophobicity, antibacterial properties and good structural stability has become the key to solving the current industry pain points and promoting the upgrading of building materials technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (1) Technical problems solved In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a fire-proof and hydrophobic building insulation material and a preparation method thereof, which has the advantages of high efficiency insulation, excellent fire resistance, strong hydrophobicity, antibacterial properties and good structural stability, and solves the problems of traditional insulation materials such as low fire resistance level, high water absorption rate, unstable insulation performance, and difficulty in balancing strength and lightweight.

[0006] (2) Technical solution To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a fireproof and hydrophobic building insulation material, wherein the raw materials of the insulation material and their weight ratio are: rock wool 25% to 30%; cement 12% to 15%; phenolic resin 7% to 9%; glass microspheres 8% to 12%; ceramic fiber 5% to 8%; polyurethane foam powder 12% to 15%; expanded graphite 1% to 3%; melamine polyphosphate 2% to 5%; aluminum powder 3% to 5%; paraffin base 1% to 4%; magnesium hydroxide 3% to 6%; triacetin 0.8% to 1.6%; polyether-polyoxyethylene copolymer 0.5% to 1.3%; calcium stearate 0.6% to 1.2%; zinc ion antibacterial agent 0.3% to 0.6%; dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride 0.2% to 0.5%; cellulose fiber 2% to 6%; carbon fiber 3% to 7%.

[0007] Preferably, the cellulose fiber is selected from one of sisal fiber and bamboo fiber; the carbon fiber is selected from one or two of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber, asphalt-based carbon fiber and viscose-based carbon fiber.

[0008] Preferably, the preparation process of the expanded graphite is: S1.1. React natural flake graphite, concentrated sulfuric acid, and hydrogen peroxide in a mass ratio of 5:4:1 at 30-35°C for 90-120 minutes to produce expandable graphite; S1.2. Wash the expandable graphite with deionized water to a pH of 6-7, and vacuum dry at 75-80°C until the moisture content is less than 0.5%; S1.3. Expand in a microwave expansion furnace at 850-900°C for 30-45 seconds to obtain expanded graphite with an expansion volume of ≥250 mL / g, and control the particle size to be between 80-100 mesh.

[0009] Preferably, the diameter of the glass microspheres is controlled to be 0.5-1.0 mm; and the particle size of the polyurethane foam powder is controlled to be 80-100 meshes.

[0010] A method for preparing a fireproof and hydrophobic building insulation material is prepared according to the raw materials and weight ratio of the above-mentioned fireproof and hydrophobic building insulation material, comprising the following preparation steps: Step 1. Prepare raw materials: prepare the formula weight ratio of rock wool, cement, phenolic resin, glass beads, ceramic fiber, polyurethane foam powder, expanded graphite, melamine polyphosphate, aluminum powder, paraffin base, magnesium hydroxide, triacetin, polyether-polyoxyethylene copolymer, calcium stearate, zinc ion antibacterial agent, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, cellulose fiber and carbon fiber; Step 2: Pre-treating raw materials: pre-treating rock wool, ceramic fiber, cellulose fiber and carbon fiber; Step 3: Mixing cementitious materials: Add cement, phenolic resin, triacetin, and calcium stearate into a horizontal mixer according to the formula ratio, and stir at a speed of 100-150 rpm for 8-10 minutes to form a uniform slurry. After stirring, transfer the slurry into a vacuum tank and degas under vacuum conditions below -0.05 MPa for 5-8 minutes; Step 4: Disperse lightweight aggregate and fiber: Add the pretreated glass beads, expanded graphite, ceramic fiber, cellulose fiber and carbon fiber to the slurry and stir at a speed of 300-500 rpm for 10-15 minutes; Step 5: Adding additives: Add magnesium hydroxide, melamine polyphosphate, aluminum powder, paraffin wax and polyether-polyoxyethylene copolymer in order, and stir at a speed of 80-120 rpm for 5-8 minutes; Step 6: Mixing and molding: Pour the mixed material into a mold, and then send the mold filled with the mixed material into a foaming machine. In the foaming machine, steam with a temperature of 95-105°C is introduced, and the aluminum powder reacts with the magnesium hydroxide. The reaction time is controlled at 18-25 minutes, until the volume of the material expands to 1.5-2 times that of the original slurry, thereby obtaining a preliminarily formed material. Step 7: Curing treatment: Place the material at a temperature of 25±2°C and a humidity of 60±5% for 1 to 2 days, and spray 0.05 to 0.1 mm of dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride on the surface of the material; Step 8: Surface treatment: Clean the cured material, let it stand for 1 to 2 days, spray a 20-50um thick zinc ion antibacterial coating on the surface, and dry it naturally at room temperature for 1 to 2 hours to obtain the thermal insulation material.

[0011] Preferably, the raw material pretreatment in step 2 includes: placing the rock wool and ceramic fiber in a high-temperature furnace and baking at 350-450° C. for 0.5 to 1.5 hours.

[0012] Preferably, the raw material pretreatment in step 2 includes: cutting the cellulose fibers and carbon fibers to a length of ≤4 mm, baking them at a temperature of 75-80° C. for 1-2 hours, and spraying a silane coupling agent with a thickness of 0.2-0.35 mm on the surface after drying.

[0013] Preferably, the temperature of the gelling material during the entire mixing process in step 3 is maintained at 40±2°C.

[0014] Preferably, in step 6, the aluminum powder reacts with magnesium hydroxide, and the chemical reaction formula is: 2Al+3Mg(OH)2→2Al(OH)3+3MgO+3H2↑ In the formula, Al represents aluminum powder, Mg(OH)2 represents magnesium hydroxide, MgO represents magnesium oxide, Al(OH)3 represents magnesium hydroxide, and H2↑ represents generated hydrogen.

[0015] Preferably, the surface treatment in step eight includes: cleaning the surface of the material after the curing treatment and polishing it with sandpaper with a mesh size of ≥200.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a fireproof and hydrophobic building insulation material and a preparation method thereof, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention combines the chemical foaming reaction of aluminum powder and magnesium hydroxide with the physical pore-forming effect of polyurethane foam powder and phenolic resin to construct a porous system with high porosity and closed-cell structure. The hydrogen generated by the reaction of aluminum powder and magnesium hydroxide causes the material volume to expand, forming a dense bubble structure, which greatly reduces the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material. At the same time, the glass microspheres and polyurethane foam powder can further reduce the density and improve the lightness of the material. The introduced rock wool and cement gel system provide skeleton strength for the material, thereby increasing the compressive strength to meet the structural stability requirements of the finished thermal insulation material.

[0017] 2. The present invention forms a dual fire protection mechanism through the physical expansion flame retardancy of expanded graphite and the chemical vapor flame retardancy of melamine polyphosphate, and then uses the high-temperature resistant skeleton of rock wool and ceramic fiber and the inherent fire resistance of phenolic resin to assist in fire protection, thereby achieving an overall fire protection grade of Class A for the thermal insulation material. Among them, the nano-scale carbon layer of expanded graphite can effectively block the propagation of flames, while the ammonia and carbon dioxide produced by the decomposition of melamine polyphosphate further suppress the combustion reaction, ensuring the structural integrity and safety of the material at high temperatures.

[0018] 3. The present invention reduces the water absorption rate of the material and enhances its moisture-proof performance through the synergistic hydrophobic modification of paraffin wax and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride. The paraffin wax physically repels moisture, while dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride reduces surface energy through surface chemical modification, forming a long-lasting hydrophobic layer. At the same time, the zinc ion antibacterial agent and the silane coupling agent treated fibers (cellulose fibers and carbon fibers) impart high-efficiency antibacterial properties to the finished insulation material, thereby inhibiting the growth of bacteria and mold. Combined with the anti-caking effect and antioxidant stability of calcium stearate, the long-term durability and sanitary safety of the material in humid and high-humidity environments are greatly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 A flow chart was prepared for the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] See also Figure 1 A fireproof and hydrophobic building insulation material. The raw materials of the insulation material and their weight ratio are: rock wool 25% to 30%; cement 12% to 15%; phenolic resin 7% to 9%; glass microspheres 8% to 12%; ceramic fiber 5% to 8%; polyurethane foam powder 12% to 15%; expanded graphite 1% to 3%; melamine polyphosphate 2% to 5%; aluminum powder 3% to 5%; paraffin base 1% to 4%; magnesium hydroxide 3% to 6%; triacetin 0.8% to 1.6%; polyether-polyoxyethylene copolymer 0.5% to 1.3%; calcium stearate 0.6% to 1.2%; zinc ion antibacterial agent 0.3% to 0.6%; dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride 0.2% to 0.5%; cellulose fiber 2% to 6%; carbon fiber 3% to 7%.

[0022] Specifically, its raw materials and their functions are: Table 1

[0023] Specifically, the cellulose fiber is selected from one of sisal fiber and bamboo fiber; the carbon fiber is selected from one or two of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber (PAN-based), pitch-based carbon fiber and viscose-based carbon fiber.

[0024] Specifically, the preparation process of expanded graphite is: S1.1. React natural flake graphite, concentrated sulfuric acid, and hydrogen peroxide in a mass ratio of 5:4:1 at 30-35°C for 90-120 minutes to produce expandable graphite; S1.2. Wash the expandable graphite with deionized water to a pH of 6-7, and vacuum dry at 75-80°C until the moisture content is less than 0.5%; S1.3. Expand in a microwave expansion furnace at 850-900°C for 30-45 seconds to obtain expanded graphite with an expansion volume of ≥250 mL / g, and control the particle size to be between 80-100 mesh.

[0025] Specifically, the diameter of the glass microspheres is controlled to be 0.5-1.0 mm; and the particle size of the polyurethane foam powder is controlled to be 80-100 meshes.

[0026] A method for preparing a fireproof and hydrophobic building insulation material is prepared according to the raw materials and weight ratio of the above-mentioned fireproof and hydrophobic building insulation material, comprising the following preparation steps: Step 1. Prepare raw materials: prepare the formula weight ratio of rock wool, cement, phenolic resin, glass beads, ceramic fiber, polyurethane foam powder, expanded graphite, melamine polyphosphate, aluminum powder, paraffin base, magnesium hydroxide, triacetin, polyether-polyoxyethylene copolymer, calcium stearate, zinc ion antibacterial agent, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, cellulose fiber and carbon fiber; Step 2: Pre-treating raw materials: pre-treating rock wool, ceramic fiber, cellulose fiber and carbon fiber; Step 3: Mixing cementitious materials: Cement, phenolic resin, triacetin, and calcium stearate are added to a horizontal mixer according to the formula ratio, and stirred at a speed of 100-150 rpm for 8-10 minutes to form a uniform slurry, construct a basic cementitious system, improve the strength and weather resistance of the material, and control the viscosity of the slurry at 30,000-31,000 cP. After stirring, the slurry is transferred to a vacuum tank and degassed under a vacuum condition of less than -0.05 MPa for 5-8 minutes to eliminate bubbles and pores. Step 4: Disperse lightweight aggregate and fiber: Add pre-treated glass beads, expanded graphite, ceramic fiber, cellulose fiber and carbon fiber to the slurry and stir at 300-500 rpm for 10-15 minutes to ensure that the aggregate and fiber are evenly dispersed, avoid fiber agglomeration and ensure the isotropy of the material; Step 5. Adding additives: Add magnesium hydroxide, melamine polyphosphate, aluminum powder, paraffin base, and polyether-polyoxyethylene copolymer in sequence, and stir at 80-120 rpm for 5-8 minutes to evenly coat all additives on the aggregate surface. Aluminum powder needs to be added in batches to prevent premature reaction. A mixed material is obtained. The physical expansion flame retardancy of expanded graphite (which expands in fire to form a dense carbon layer, isolating heat and oxygen) and the chemical vapor phase flame retardancy of melamine polyphosphate (which releases inert gas to dilute oxygen at high temperatures) form a dual fire protection mechanism. The high-temperature resistant skeleton of rock wool and ceramic fiber and the inherent fire resistance of phenolic resin provide auxiliary fire protection, thereby achieving an overall fire protection grade of A for the thermal insulation material. The nano-scale carbon layer of expanded graphite can effectively block flame propagation, while the ammonia and carbon dioxide produced by the decomposition of melamine polyphosphate further inhibit the combustion reaction, ensuring the structural integrity and safety of the material at high temperatures. Step 6: Mixing and molding: Pour the mixed material into the mold, check to ensure that the material is filled evenly and without gaps, and then send the mold filled with the mixed material into the foaming machine. In the foaming machine, steam with a temperature of 95-105°C is introduced, and the aluminum powder reacts with the magnesium hydroxide. The high temperature environment triggers a chemical reaction between the aluminum powder and the magnesium hydroxide, thereby producing a uniform bubble structure inside the material. The reaction time is controlled at 18-25 minutes, until the volume of the material expands to 1.5-2 times that of the original slurry; through this process, a porous structure is formed, which effectively reduces the thermal conductivity of the material, thereby improving its thermal insulation performance, and obtaining a preliminarily formed material; Step 7: Curing treatment: Place the material at a temperature of 25±2°C and a humidity of 60±5% for 1 to 2 days, and spray 0.05 to 0.1 mm of dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride on the surface of the material to enhance its hydrophobicity. Step 8: Surface treatment: Clean the cured material, let it stand for 1 to 2 days, spray a 20-50um thick zinc ion antibacterial coating on the surface to inhibit bacterial growth, and dry it naturally at room temperature for 1 to 2 hours to obtain the thermal insulation material.

[0027] The advantages are: through the synergistic hydrophobic modification of paraffin base and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, the water absorption rate of the material is reduced and the moisture-proof performance is enhanced. Among them, the paraffin base repels moisture physically, and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride reduces the surface energy through surface chemical modification to form a long-lasting hydrophobic layer. At the same time, the zinc ion antibacterial agent and the silane coupling agent treated fibers (cellulose fibers and carbon fibers) give the finished insulation material high-efficiency antibacterial properties, thereby inhibiting the growth of bacteria and mold. Combined with the anti-caking effect and antioxidant stability of calcium stearate, the long-term durability and sanitary safety of the material in humid and high-humidity environments are greatly improved.

[0028] Specifically, the raw material pretreatment in step 2 includes: placing the rock wool and ceramic fiber in a high-temperature furnace and baking them at 350-450° C. for 0.5-1.5 hours to remove surface impurities and moisture.

[0029] Specifically, the raw material pretreatment in step 2 includes: cutting the cellulose fibers and carbon fibers to a length of ≤4 mm, drying at a temperature of 75-80°C for 1-2 hours to remove moisture and impurities on the fiber surface, and spraying a silane coupling agent (such as KH-550) with a thickness of 0.2-0.35 mm on the surface after drying to enhance the interfacial bonding with the substrate.

[0030] Specifically, in step 3, the temperature of the cementitious material is maintained at 40±2° C. (water bath temperature control) throughout the mixing process to prevent the phenolic resin from pre-curing.

[0031] Specifically, in step six, aluminum powder reacts with magnesium hydroxide, and the chemical reaction formula is: 2Al+3Mg(OH)2→2Al(OH)3+3MgO+3H2↑ In the formula, Al represents aluminum powder, Mg(OH)2 represents magnesium hydroxide, MgO represents magnesium oxide, Al(OH)3 represents magnesium hydroxide, and H2↑ represents generated hydrogen.

[0032] The advantages are: by combining the chemical foaming reaction of aluminum powder and magnesium hydroxide (generating hydrogen to form uniform bubbles) with the physical pore-forming effect of polyurethane foam powder and phenolic resin, a porous system with high porosity and closed-cell structure is constructed. Among them, the hydrogen generated by the reaction of aluminum powder and magnesium hydroxide causes the volume of the material to expand, forming a dense bubble structure, which greatly reduces the thermal conductivity of the insulation material. At the same time, the glass microspheres and polyurethane foam powder can further reduce the density and improve the lightness of the material. The introduced rock wool and cement gelling system provide skeleton strength for the material, thereby increasing the compressive strength to meet the structural stability requirements of the finished insulation material.

[0033] Specifically, the surface treatment in step eight includes: cleaning the surface of the cured material and polishing it with sandpaper with a mesh size of ≥200 to remove dust and loose particles and enhance the adhesion of the coating.

[0034] The finished building insulation material of the embodiment was prepared according to the raw materials and method of the present invention, and a comparative example was prepared as a control group, and the raw material formula was as follows: Table 2

[0035] The examples and comparative examples were made into finished building insulation materials, and their quality test data were as follows: Table 3

[0036] From the analysis of Table 2-3, we can get: (1) The removal of aluminum powder and magnesium hydroxide from the raw materials of Comparative Example 1 resulted in a volume expansion rate of 0, indicating that the foaming reaction helps to form a porous structure, thereby affecting the thermal insulation performance and lightweight characteristics of the material. The data in Table 3 show that the thermal conductivity of Example 1 is the lowest (0.035 W / m·K), while the thermal conductivity of Comparative Example 1 is the highest (0.052 W / m·K), further proving that the foaming reaction can improve the thermal insulation performance; (2) In Comparative Example 2, the removal of expanded graphite and melamine polyphosphate from the raw materials reduced the fire rating of the finished thermal insulation material to Class C, while both Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 maintained Class A or Class B. This indicates that the synergistic effect of expanded graphite and melamine polyphosphate can improve the fire resistance of the thermal insulation material, thereby further improving the fire rating of the finished product; (3) In Comparative Example 3, polyurethane foam powder and phenolic resin were removed from the raw materials. Although the volume expansion rate was still high (170%), the thermal conductivity (0.045 W / m·K) and water absorption (4.3%) were not as good as those in Example 1. This shows that polyurethane foam powder and phenolic resin can also promote foaming and pore formation, thereby further optimizing the thermal insulation performance and hydrophobicity of the material.

[0037] (4) In Comparative Example 4, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride and paraffin base were removed from the raw materials, and its water absorption rate was the highest (6.5%), indicating that the hydrophobic agent has an effect on the hydrophobic properties of the material. The water absorption rate of Example 1 was the lowest (3.2%), indicating that the addition of the hydrophobic agent can effectively reduce the water absorption rate of the material and enhance its waterproof performance.

[0038] In summary, the present invention achieves breakthroughs in thermal conductivity, fire rating, water absorption and antibacterial properties of thermal insulation materials through porous structure foaming, flame retardant compounding and hydrophobic antibacterial multifunctional integration, so that the prepared finished product has the advantages of high efficiency thermal insulation, Class A fire protection, low moisture absorption and high durability.

[0039] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fireproof and hydrophobic building insulation material, characterized in that: The raw materials of the thermal insulation material and their weight ratios are: rock wool 25% to 30%; cement 12% to 15%; phenolic resin 7% to 9%; glass microspheres 8% to 12%; ceramic fiber 5% to 8%; polyurethane foam powder 12% to 15%; expanded graphite 1% to 3%; melamine polyphosphate 2% to 5%; aluminum powder 3% to 5%; paraffin base 1% to 4%; magnesium hydroxide 3% to 6%; triacetin 0.8% to 1.6%; polyether-polyoxyethylene copolymer 0.5% to 1.3%; calcium stearate 0.6% to 1.2%; zinc ion antibacterial agent 0.3% to 0.6%; dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride 0.2% to 0.5%; cellulose fiber 2% to 6%; carbon fiber 3% to 7%.

2. The fireproof and hydrophobic building insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cellulose fiber is selected from one of sisal fiber and bamboo fiber; the carbon fiber is selected from one or two of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber, asphalt-based carbon fiber and viscose-based carbon fiber.

3. The fireproof and hydrophobic building insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation process of the expanded graphite is: S1.

1. React natural flake graphite, concentrated sulfuric acid, and hydrogen peroxide in a mass ratio of 5:4:1 at 30-35°C for 90-120 minutes to produce expandable graphite; S1.

2. Wash the expandable graphite with deionized water to a pH of 6-7, and vacuum dry at 75-80°C until the moisture content is less than 0.5%; S1.

3. Expand in a microwave expansion furnace at 850-900°C for 30-45 seconds to obtain expanded graphite with an expansion volume of ≥250 mL / g, and control the particle size to be between 80-100 mesh.

4. The fireproof and hydrophobic building insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the glass microspheres is controlled to be 0.5-1.0 mm; and the particle size of the polyurethane foam powder is controlled to be 80-100 meshes.

5. A method for preparing a fireproof and hydrophobic building insulation material, characterized in that: The raw materials and weight ratio of the fireproof and hydrophobic building insulation material according to claim 1 are prepared, comprising the following preparation steps: Step 1. Prepare raw materials: prepare the formula weight ratio of rock wool, cement, phenolic resin, glass beads, ceramic fiber, polyurethane foam powder, expanded graphite, melamine polyphosphate, aluminum powder, paraffin base, magnesium hydroxide, triacetin, polyether-polyoxyethylene copolymer, calcium stearate, zinc ion antibacterial agent, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, cellulose fiber and carbon fiber; Step 2: Pre-treating raw materials: pre-treating rock wool, ceramic fiber, cellulose fiber and carbon fiber; Step 3: Mixing cementitious materials: Add cement, phenolic resin, triacetin, and calcium stearate into a horizontal mixer according to the formula ratio, and stir at a speed of 100-150 rpm for 8-10 minutes to form a uniform slurry. After stirring, transfer the slurry into a vacuum tank and degas under vacuum conditions below -0.05 MPa for 5-8 minutes; Step 4: Disperse lightweight aggregate and fiber: Add the pretreated glass beads, expanded graphite, ceramic fiber, cellulose fiber and carbon fiber to the slurry and stir at a speed of 300-500 rpm for 10-15 minutes; Step 5: Adding additives: Add magnesium hydroxide, melamine polyphosphate, aluminum powder, paraffin wax and polyether-polyoxyethylene copolymer in order, and stir at a speed of 80-120 rpm for 5-8 minutes; Step 6: Mixing and molding: Pour the mixed material into a mold, and then send the mold filled with the mixed material into a foaming machine. In the foaming machine, steam with a temperature of 95-105°C is introduced, and the aluminum powder reacts with the magnesium hydroxide. The reaction time is controlled at 18-25 minutes, until the volume of the material expands to 1.5-2 times that of the original slurry, thereby obtaining a preliminarily formed material. Step 7: Curing treatment: Place the material at a temperature of 25±2°C and a humidity of 60±5% for 1 to 2 days, and spray 0.05 to 0.1 mm of dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride on the surface of the material; Step 8: Surface treatment: Clean the cured material, let it stand for 1 to 2 days, spray a 20-50um thick zinc ion antibacterial coating on the surface, and dry it naturally at room temperature for 1 to 2 hours to obtain the thermal insulation material.

6. The method for preparing a fireproof and hydrophobic building insulation material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The raw material pretreatment in step 2 includes: placing the rock wool and ceramic fiber in a high-temperature furnace and baking at 350-450° C. for 0.5 to 1.5 hours.

7. The method for preparing a fireproof and hydrophobic building insulation material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The raw material pretreatment in step 2 includes: cutting the cellulose fibers and carbon fibers to a length of ≤4 mm, baking them at a temperature of 75-80° C. for 1-2 hours, and spraying a silane coupling agent with a thickness of 0.2-0.35 mm on the surface after drying.

8. The method for preparing a fireproof and hydrophobic building insulation material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step 3, the temperature of the gelling material is maintained at 40±2° C. during the entire mixing process.

9. The method for preparing a fireproof and hydrophobic building insulation material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 6, the aluminum powder reacts with magnesium hydroxide, and the chemical reaction formula is: 2Al+3Mg(OH)2→2Al(OH)3+3MgO+3H2↑ In the formula, Al represents aluminum powder, Mg(OH)2 represents magnesium hydroxide, MgO represents magnesium oxide, Al(OH)3 represents magnesium hydroxide, and H2↑ represents generated hydrogen.

10. The method for preparing a fireproof and hydrophobic building insulation material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The surface treatment in step eight includes: cleaning the surface of the cured material and polishing it with sandpaper with a mesh size of ≥200.

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