Track damping device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rail traffic, and particularly discloses a rail damping device which comprises a train sleeper and a monitoring mechanism. Damping mechanisms are mounted on the two sides of the top end of the train sleeper in an embedded mode, and mounting mechanisms are mounted at the top ends of the two damping mechanisms. The damping mechanism comprises a damping box, a damping frame, an adjusting mechanism, a damping spring, a buffer spring, a damper and an avoiding hole. The damping box is installed at the top end of the train sleeper in an embedded mode. Through cooperative work of the damping box, the damping frame, the adjusting mechanism, the damping spring, the buffer spring and other components, effective absorption and dispersion of vibration generated during train operation are achieved, and the damping effect of a rail system is remarkably improved through the design; the adjusting mechanism can automatically adjust the compression elasticity of the spring according to the change of the train speed and the load, it is ensured that the track can keep the best damping effect under different working conditions, and the high adaptability and the intelligent level of the track are shown.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of rail transportation, and in particular relates to a rail vibration damping device. Background Art

[0002] Tracks are the infrastructure for trains in rail transit systems such as railways, subways, and light rail. They are usually composed of two parallel steel rails that are fixed on sleepers and maintained stable by a fastener system. The core function of the track is to provide guidance and support for the train, thereby ensuring that the train can run safely and smoothly. The track shock absorber is a device installed in the track system. Its function is to reduce the vibration and noise generated by the train during operation, protect the track structure, extend its service life, and at the same time reduce the impact on the surrounding environment and buildings.

[0003] In the Chinese patent publication number CN220413900U, a track shock-absorbing device is mentioned, in which the multi-directional shock-absorbing mechanism is used to absorb shock in multiple directions; the shock absorber has a multi-directional shock-absorbing effect on the track, that is, when the rail train runs on the rail, the shock absorber uses the multi-directional shock-absorbing mechanism to absorb the track vibration in multiple directions, thereby reducing the impact of the vibration on the rail train and the track, and improving the smoothness of the rail train running; however, the shock-absorbing parameters of the shock-absorbing device are usually fixed and cannot be adjusted in real time according to changes in train speed, load and track conditions. Under the condition of complex and changeable train operating conditions, it is difficult for the shock-absorbing device to always maintain the best shock-absorbing effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a track vibration reduction device to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A track vibration reduction device, comprising:

[0007] Train sleepers and monitoring mechanisms;

[0008] Shock-absorbing mechanisms are embedded on both sides of the top of the train sleeper, and mounting mechanisms are installed on the tops of the two shock-absorbing mechanisms;

[0009] The shock-absorbing mechanism includes a shock-absorbing box, a shock-absorbing frame, an adjustment mechanism, a shock-absorbing spring, a buffer spring, a shock absorber and an avoidance hole. The shock-absorbing box is embedded in the top of the train sleeper, the shock-absorbing frame is inserted between the two sides of the top of the shock-absorbing box, the adjustment mechanism is installed between the two inner walls of the shock-absorbing box, the shock-absorbing spring is installed between the top inner wall of the shock-absorbing frame and the top of the shock-absorbing box, a plurality of buffer springs are provided, and the plurality of buffer springs are respectively installed on both sides of the bottom inner wall of the shock-absorbing box, two shock absorbers are provided, and the two shock absorbers are respectively installed on both sides of the bottom end of the shock-absorbing frame, two avoidance holes are provided, and both avoidance holes are opened at the bottom end of the shock-absorbing frame.

[0010] Preferably, the adjustment mechanism includes an adjusting screw, an adjusting plate, a driven gear, a driver and an adjusting gear. Two adjusting screws and two driven gears are provided. The two adjusting screws are installed between the inner walls on both sides of the shock absorber box through bearings. The adjustment plate is installed between the upper parts of the outer surfaces of the two adjusting screws. The two driven gears are respectively installed on the lower parts of the outer surfaces of the two adjusting screws. The driver is installed in the middle of the bottom inner wall of the shock absorber box, and the adjustment gear is installed at the output end of the driver.

[0011] Preferably, the adjustment plate is located between the bottom inner wall of the shock absorber frame and the top inner wall of the shock absorber box, the driver is electrically connected to the controller, the adjustment gear is engaged with the driven gear, and the shock absorber frame is configured as a rectangular frame.

[0012] Preferably, train tracks are installed in the middle of the top of the two mounting mechanisms, fixing plates are installed on both sides of the lower part of the outer wall of the train sleeper, and a controller is installed in the middle of the outer wall of the train sleeper.

[0013] Preferably, the monitoring mechanism includes a train speed monitor, a fiber grating sensor, a piezoresistive force sensor, a laser displacement sensor and a pressure sensor. Two of the fiber grating sensor, the piezoresistive force sensor, the laser displacement sensor and the pressure sensor are provided. The two fiber grating sensors are respectively installed in the middle of the top end of the two fixed plates, the two piezoresistive force sensors are respectively installed at the bottom ends of the two train tracks, the two laser displacement sensors are respectively installed at the two ends of the train sleepers, and the two pressure sensors are respectively embedded in the middle of the top end of the shock-absorbing pads in the two mounting mechanisms.

[0014] Preferably, the train speed monitor, fiber grating sensor, piezoresistive force sensor, laser displacement sensor and pressure sensor are all electrically connected to the controller, the fiber grating sensor is located at the midpoint between two adjacent train sleepers and directly below the train track, and the top end of the pressure sensor is in contact with the bottom end of the train track.

[0015] Preferably, the mounting mechanism includes a mounting seat, a mounting frame, a reinforcement piece, a mounting piece, a shock-absorbing pad and a limit slot, the mounting seat is mounted on the top of the shock-absorbing frame, the mounting frame is mounted in the middle of the top of the mounting seat, two of the reinforcement piece, the mounting piece and the limit slot are respectively provided, and the two reinforcement pieces and the mounting piece are respectively mounted on both sides of the top of the mounting frame, the shock-absorbing pad is mounted in the middle of the top of the mounting frame, and the two limit slots are respectively opened on both sides of the top of the mounting frame.

[0016] Preferably, the reinforcement member includes a reinforcement bolt, a reinforcement frame, an elastic sleeve and a reinforcement nut. The reinforcement bolt is clamped and installed inside the limiting groove, the reinforcement frame is sleeved and installed on the lower part of the outer surface of the reinforcement bolt, the elastic sleeve is sleeved and installed in the middle part of the outer surface of the reinforcement bolt, and the reinforcement nut is threadedly installed on the upper part of the outer surface of the reinforcement bolt.

[0017] Preferably, the mounting part includes a mounting bolt, a positioning seat, a positioning plate, a rubber sleeve and a mounting nut. The lower part of the outer surface of the mounting bolt is embedded in the interior of the shock absorber frame, the positioning seat is sleeved on the lower part of the outer surface of the mounting bolt, the positioning plate is clamped on the top of the positioning seat, the rubber sleeve is sleeved on the middle part of the outer surface of the mounting bolt, and the mounting nut is threadedly installed on the upper part of the outer surface of the mounting bolt.

[0018] Preferably, the lower portion of the outer surface of the mounting bolt is configured as a convex structure, the rubber sleeve and the elastic sleeve are both configured as spiral structures, and the top ends of the mounting seat and the mounting frame are both provided with positioning grooves that match the lower portion of the outer surface of the positioning seat.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) The present invention achieves effective absorption and dispersion of vibrations generated during train operation through the coordinated work of components such as the shock-absorbing box, shock-absorbing frame, adjustment mechanism, shock-absorbing spring and buffer spring. This design significantly improves the shock-absorbing effect of the track system. In addition, the adjustment mechanism can automatically adjust the compression elasticity of the spring according to changes in train speed and load, ensuring that the track can maintain the best shock-absorbing effect under different working conditions, demonstrating its high adaptability and intelligence level.

[0021] (2) The present invention integrates a variety of sensors such as a train speed monitor, a fiber grating sensor, a piezoresistive force sensor, a laser displacement sensor, and a pressure sensor, which can monitor the train running status and track vibration in real time and accurately. These sensors cooperate with the controller to transmit the monitoring data to the control system in real time for analysis and processing, providing a scientific basis for the automatic adjustment of the damping parameters. Through this intelligent monitoring and adjustment mechanism, the response speed and accuracy of the track damping system are improved.

[0022] (3) The present invention facilitates the rapid and accurate installation and maintenance of train tracks through components such as mounting seats, mounting frames, reinforcements, mounting parts, shock-absorbing pads and limit grooves. This design not only improves the installation efficiency of the device and reduces maintenance costs, but also enhances the adaptability and scalability of the device. The careful design of the reinforcements and mounting parts ensures the stability and reliability of the device during the installation process. At the same time, the introduction of shock-absorbing pads further enhances the shock-absorbing effect of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is one of the three-dimensional diagrams of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is the second stereogram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the shock absorbing mechanism of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 A perspective view of the shock-absorbing frame of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 A three-dimensional diagram of the adjustment mechanism of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 A three-dimensional diagram of the mounting mechanism of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 An exploded view of the reinforcement member of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 An exploded view of the mounting member of the present invention;

[0031] In the figure: 1. Train sleeper; 2. Monitoring mechanism; 3. Shock absorption mechanism; 4. Mounting mechanism; 5. Train track; 6. Fixing plate; 7. Controller;

[0032] 21. Train speed monitor; 22. Fiber Bragg grating sensor; 23. Piezomagnetic force sensor; 24. Laser displacement sensor; 25. Pressure sensor;

[0033] 31. Shock absorber box; 32. Shock absorber frame; 33. Adjustment mechanism; 34. Shock absorber spring; 35. Buffer spring; 36. Shock absorber; 37. Avoidance hole;

[0034] 331. Adjusting screw; 332. Adjusting plate; 333. Driven gear; 334. Driver; 335. Adjusting gear;

[0035] 41. Mounting seat; 42. Mounting frame; 43. Reinforcement member; 44. Mounting member; 45. Shock-absorbing pad; 46. Limiting slot;

[0036] 431, reinforcement bolt; 432, reinforcement frame; 433, elastic sleeve; 434, reinforcement nut;

[0037] 441. Mounting bolt; 442. Positioning seat; 443. Positioning plate; 444. Rubber sleeve; 445. Mounting nut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1:

[0040] See also Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a track vibration reduction device includes:

[0041] Train sleeper 1 and monitoring mechanism 2;

[0042] Shock-absorbing mechanisms 3 are embedded and installed on both sides of the top of the train sleeper 1, and mounting mechanisms 4 are installed on the top of the two shock-absorbing mechanisms 3;

[0043] The shock absorbing mechanism 3 includes a shock absorbing box 31, a shock absorbing frame 32, an adjustment mechanism 33, a shock absorbing spring 34, a buffer spring 35, a shock absorber 36 and an avoidance hole 37. The shock absorbing box 31 is embedded in the top of the train sleeper 1, the shock absorbing frame 32 is inserted between the two sides of the top of the shock absorbing box 31, the adjustment mechanism 33 is installed between the inner walls on both sides of the shock absorbing box 31, the shock absorbing spring 34 is installed between the top inner wall of the shock absorbing frame 32 and the top of the shock absorbing box 31, a plurality of buffer springs 35 are provided, and the plurality of buffer springs 35 are respectively installed on both sides of the bottom inner wall of the shock absorbing box 31, two shock absorbers 36 are provided, and the two shock absorbers 36 are respectively installed on both sides of the bottom end of the shock absorbing frame 32, two avoidance holes 37 are provided, and the two avoidance holes 37 are both opened at the bottom end of the shock absorbing frame 32.

[0044] Depend on Figures 3 to 5 It can be seen that the adjustment mechanism 33 includes an adjustment screw 331, an adjustment plate 332, a driven gear 333, a driver 334 and an adjustment gear 335. There are two adjustment screws 331 and two driven gears 333. The two adjustment screws 331 are installed between the inner walls on both sides of the shock absorber box 31 through bearings. The adjustment plate 332 is installed between the upper parts of the outer surfaces of the two adjustment screws 331. The two driven gears 333 are respectively installed on the lower parts of the outer surfaces of the two adjustment screws 331. The driver 334 is installed in the middle of the bottom inner wall of the shock absorber box 31. The adjustment gear 335 is installed at the output of the driver 334.

[0045] As can be seen from the above, when the train vibrates through the train track 5, the vibration is first transmitted to the shock absorber frame 32. At this time, the shock absorber spring 34 is located between the top inner wall of the shock absorber frame 32 and the top of the shock absorber box 31. It absorbs and disperses part of the vibration energy through its elastic deformation, thereby playing a preliminary shock absorption role. At the same time, multiple buffer springs 35 further buffer and absorb vibration, reducing the impact of vibration on the train sleeper 1 and the underlying infrastructure, and the shock absorber 36 converts the remaining vibration energy into heat energy and other forms of energy through its internal damping material or structure, thereby more effectively reducing vibration transmission and achieving effective absorption and dispersion of the vibration generated by the train operation. This design not only significantly improves the shock absorption effect of the track system, reduces the bumps and shaking during train operation, thereby improving the riding comfort of passengers, but also prolongs The service life of the track structure is extended, and the impact on the surrounding environment and buildings is reduced. In addition, according to the train speed, load and other parameters monitored by the monitoring mechanism 2, the controller 7 controls the driver 334 to start, and drives the adjustment screw 331 to rotate by adjusting the meshing transmission of the gear 335 and the driven gear 333, so that the adjustment plate 332 drives the shock absorber frame 32 to move up and down, and adjusts the compression amount of the shock absorber spring 34 and the buffer spring 35 to adapt to different vibration conditions. It also enables the adjustment mechanism 33 to automatically adjust the compression elasticity of the spring according to changes in train speed and load, ensuring that the train track 5 can maintain the best shock absorption effect under different working conditions, demonstrating its high adaptability and intelligence level. The setting of the avoidance hole 37 provides displacement space for the adjustment screw 331 to avoid interference between the adjustment screw 331 and the shock absorber frame 32.

[0046] Specifically, refer to Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the adjustment plate 332 is located between the bottom inner wall of the shock absorber frame 32 and the top inner wall of the shock absorber box 31, the driver 334 is electrically connected to the controller 7, the adjustment gear 335 is engaged with the driven gear 333, and the shock absorber frame 32 is set as a rectangular frame.

[0047] As can be seen from the above, it is beneficial for the adjustment plate 332 to adjust the position of the shock absorber frame 32, indicating that the controller 7 can control the working state of the driver 334, so that the rotation of the adjustment gear 335 can drive the rotation of the driven gear 333, thereby realizing the power transmission and adjustment of the mechanical structure. The rectangular frame structure may help to disperse the pressure and provide stable support, providing a basis for the installation, support and shock absorption effect of the shock absorber frame 32.

[0048] Example 2:

[0049] refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 6As shown, train tracks 5 are installed at the middle of the top of the two mounting mechanisms 4, fixing plates 6 are installed on both sides of the lower part of the outer wall of the train sleeper 1, and a controller 7 is installed at the middle of the outer wall of the train sleeper 1;

[0050] The monitoring mechanism 2 includes a train speed monitor 21, a fiber grating sensor 22, a piezoresistive force sensor 23, a laser displacement sensor 24 and a pressure sensor 25. There are two fiber grating sensors 22, two piezoresistive force sensors 23, two laser displacement sensors 24 and two pressure sensors 25. The two fiber grating sensors 22 are respectively installed in the middle of the top of the two fixed plates 6, the two piezoresistive force sensors 23 are respectively installed at the bottom ends of the two train tracks 5, the two laser displacement sensors 24 are respectively installed at both ends of the train sleepers 1, and the two pressure sensors 25 are respectively embedded in the middle of the top of the shock-absorbing pads 45 in the two mounting mechanisms 4.

[0051] As can be seen from the above, the train speed monitor 21 monitors the train's speed in real time and provides the system with basic data on the train's running status. At the same time, the fiber grating sensor 22 is used to measure the strain or deformation of the train track 5, thereby indirectly reflecting the vibration state of the train track 5. The piezoresistive force sensor 23 directly measures the pressure changes on the train track 5 when the train passes, providing key data for analyzing the force conditions of the train track 5. The laser displacement sensor 24 monitors the vibration and displacement of the train in real time, which helps to optimize the running stability of the train. In addition, the pressure sensor 25 monitors the pressure on the shock-absorbing pad 45 in real time to evaluate the shock-absorbing effect and adjustment. In order to meet the overall needs, these sensors work together to monitor the train operation status and track vibration in real time and accurately, and transmit the collected data to the controller 7 for analysis and processing, providing a scientific basis for the automatic adjustment of the shock absorption parameters, so that the controller 7 automatically adjusts the shock absorption parameters according to the analysis results, ensuring that the train track 5 can maintain optimal shock absorption and stability performance under different working conditions. Through this intelligent monitoring and adjustment mechanism, the monitoring mechanism 2 not only improves the response speed and accuracy of the track shock absorption system, but also greatly enhances the adaptability and reliability of the system, ensuring that the train can maintain a safe and stable operation state under complex and changeable operating conditions.

[0052] Preferably, reference Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the train speed monitor 21, the fiber grating sensor 22, the piezoresistive force sensor 23, the laser displacement sensor 24 and the pressure sensor 25 are all electrically connected to the controller 7. The fiber grating sensor 22 is located at the midpoint between two adjacent train sleepers 1 and directly below the train track 5. The top end of the pressure sensor 25 is in contact with the bottom end of the train track 5.

[0053] From the above, it can be seen that the controller 7 can receive signals from these sensors and perform data processing, analysis or control decisions based on these signals, ensuring that the pressure sensor 25 can accurately measure the pressure borne by the train track 5, and provide data support for track maintenance and train operation safety.

[0054] Example 3:

[0055] refer to Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the mounting mechanism 4 includes a mounting seat 41, a mounting frame 42, a reinforcement 43, a mounting member 44, a shock-absorbing pad 45 and a limiting slot 46. The mounting seat 41 is mounted on the top of the shock-absorbing frame 32, and the mounting frame 42 is mounted in the middle of the top of the mounting seat 41. Two reinforcement members 43, two mounting members 44 and two limiting slots 46 are provided, and the two reinforcement members 43 and the mounting member 44 are respectively mounted on both sides of the top of the mounting frame 42. The shock-absorbing pad 45 is mounted in the middle of the top of the mounting frame 42. Two limiting slots 46 are respectively opened on both sides of the top of the mounting frame 42.

[0056] The reinforcement member 43 includes a reinforcement bolt 431, a reinforcement frame 432, an elastic sleeve 433, and a reinforcement nut 434. The reinforcement bolt 431 is clamped and installed in the inner part of the limiting groove 46. The reinforcement frame 432 is sleeved and installed on the lower part of the outer surface of the reinforcement bolt 431. The elastic sleeve 433 is sleeved and installed in the middle part of the outer surface of the reinforcement bolt 431. The reinforcement nut 434 is threadedly installed on the upper part of the outer surface of the reinforcement bolt 431.

[0057] The mounting member 44 includes a mounting bolt 441, a positioning seat 442, a positioning plate 443, a rubber sleeve 444 and a mounting nut 445. The lower portion of the outer surface of the mounting bolt 441 is embedded in the interior of the shock absorber frame 32, the positioning seat 442 is sleeved on the lower portion of the outer surface of the mounting bolt 441, the positioning plate 443 is snap-fitted on the top of the positioning seat 442, the rubber sleeve 444 is sleeved on the middle portion of the outer surface of the mounting bolt 441, and the mounting nut 445 is threadedly mounted on the upper portion of the outer surface of the mounting bolt 441.

[0058] As can be seen from the above, the mounting seat 41 serves as the basic support of the mounting mechanism 4, and the mounting frame 42 is used to carry and fix the train track 5. By rotating the reinforcing nut 434 on the reinforcing bolt 431 and tightening the reinforcing member 43, the reinforcing frame 432 firmly fixes the train track 5 on the mounting frame 42. This design facilitates the rapid and accurate installation and maintenance of the train track 5, improves the stability and carrying capacity of the mounting mechanism 4, and the elastic design of the elastic sleeve 433 can deform when subjected to external force, absorb and disperse energy, thereby improving the shock absorption effect of the mounting mechanism 4. Similarly, by rotating the mounting nut 445 on the mounting bolt 441, pressure is applied to the positioning plate 443 to align the mounting seat 41 and the mounting frame 42 with the shock absorbing frame 3 2 is tightly connected to provide a stable foundation for the train track 5. The elastic design of the rubber sleeve 444 can absorb and disperse vibration energy, further improving the shock absorption effect of the installation mechanism 4. This design not only improves the installation efficiency of the device and reduces maintenance costs, but also enhances the adaptability and scalability of the device. Through the careful design of the reinforcement 43 and the installation member 44, the stability and reliability of the device during the installation process are ensured, and the shock-absorbing pad 45 is used to further absorb and disperse the vibration energy generated during the operation of the train, protecting the train track 5 and the smoothness of the train operation. The installation mechanism 4 achieves stable installation and effective shock absorption of the train track 5 through the coordinated work of its various components, ensuring the safety and comfort of the train operation.

[0059] Preferably, reference Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the lower portion of the outer surface of the mounting bolt 441 is set as a convex structure, the rubber sleeve 444 and the elastic sleeve 433 are both set as spiral structures, and the top ends of the mounting seat 41 and the mounting frame 42 are both provided with positioning grooves that match the lower portion of the outer surface of the positioning seat 442.

[0060] As can be seen from the above, the convex structure helps to fix the mounting bolt 441 to the shock absorber frame 32, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the installation. The spiral structure is elastic, so that the rubber sleeve 444 and the elastic sleeve 433 can deform when subjected to external force, absorb and disperse energy, and the elastic deformation ability can make up for the dimensional deviation or gap that may occur during the assembly process, ensuring that the positioning seat 442 can be accurately and stably installed on the mounting seat 41 and the mounting frame 42, thereby improving the installation accuracy and stability of the entire system.

[0061] Application examples:

[0062] This design is applied to rail transit system environments such as railways, subways, and light rail, which have high requirements for shock absorption and noise reduction to ensure the safety and comfort of train operation and reduce the impact on surrounding residents and buildings. Its application principle is based on the synergy of the shock absorption mechanism 3, the monitoring mechanism 2 and the intelligent adjustment system. The shock absorption spring 34, the buffer spring 35 and other components absorb and disperse the train vibration, use a variety of sensors to monitor the train operation status and track vibration in real time, and automatically adjust the shock absorption parameters through the controller 7 to adapt to different working conditions. In actual application, the device significantly improves the passenger ride comfort, extends the service life of the track, reduces noise pollution, and improves the safety of train operation. At the same time, its modular design also enhances the adaptability and maintainability of the device, enabling it to adapt to complex and changeable operating conditions.

[0063] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A track vibration reduction device, characterized in that: include: Train sleeper (1) and monitoring mechanism (2); Shock-absorbing mechanisms (3) are embedded and installed on both sides of the top of the train sleeper (1), and mounting mechanisms (4) are installed on the tops of the two shock-absorbing mechanisms (3); The shock absorbing mechanism (3) comprises a shock absorbing box (31), a shock absorbing frame (32), an adjusting mechanism (33), a shock absorbing spring (34), a buffer spring (35), a shock absorber (36) and an avoidance hole (37); the shock absorbing box (31) is embedded in the top of the train sleeper (1); the shock absorbing frame (32) is inserted between the two sides of the top of the shock absorbing box (31); the adjusting mechanism (33) is installed between the inner walls of the two sides of the shock absorbing box (31); the shock absorbing spring ( 34) is installed between the top inner wall of the shock-absorbing frame (32) and the top end of the shock-absorbing box (31), a plurality of buffer springs (35) are provided, and the plurality of buffer springs (35) are respectively installed on both sides of the bottom inner wall of the shock-absorbing box (31), two shock absorbers (36) are provided, and the two shock absorbers (36) are respectively installed on both sides of the bottom end of the shock-absorbing frame (32), and two avoidance holes (37) are provided, and the two avoidance holes (37) are both opened at the bottom end of the shock-absorbing frame (32).

2. A rail vibration damping device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism (33) comprises an adjustment screw (331), an adjustment plate (332), a driven gear (333), a driver (334) and an adjustment gear (335). Two adjustment screws (331) and two driven gears (333) are provided. The two adjustment screws (331) are installed between the inner walls on both sides of the shock absorber box (31) through bearings. The adjustment plate (332) is installed between the upper parts of the outer surfaces of the two adjustment screws (331). The two driven gears (333) are respectively installed on the lower parts of the outer surfaces of the two adjustment screws (331). The driver (334) is installed in the middle of the bottom inner wall of the shock absorber box (31). The adjustment gear (335) is installed at the output end of the driver (334).

3. A rail vibration damping device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjustment plate (332) is located between the bottom inner wall of the shock-absorbing frame (32) and the top inner wall of the shock-absorbing box (31), the driver (334) is electrically connected to the controller (7), the adjustment gear (335) is meshed with the driven gear (333), and the shock-absorbing frame (32) is configured as a rectangular frame.

4. The rail vibration damping device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Train tracks (5) are installed at the middle of the top ends of the two mounting mechanisms (4), fixing plates (6) are installed on both sides of the lower outer wall of the train sleeper (1), and a controller (7) is installed at the middle of the outer wall of the train sleeper (1).

5. The rail vibration damping device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The monitoring mechanism (2) includes a train speed monitor (21), a fiber Bragg grating sensor (22), a piezoresistive force sensor (23), a laser displacement sensor (24) and a pressure sensor (25). Two of the fiber Bragg grating sensor (22), the piezoresistive force sensor (23), the laser displacement sensor (24) and the pressure sensor (25) are provided. The two fiber Bragg grating sensors (22) are respectively installed at the middle of the top end of two fixing plates (6), the two piezoresistive force sensors (23) are respectively installed at the bottom end of two train tracks (5), the two laser displacement sensors (24) are respectively installed at both ends of the train sleeper (1), and the two pressure sensors (25) are respectively embedded in the middle of the top end of the shock-absorbing pads (45) in the two mounting mechanisms (4).

6. The rail vibration damping device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The train speed monitor (21), the fiber Bragg grating sensor (22), the piezoresistive force sensor (23), the laser displacement sensor (24) and the pressure sensor (25) are all electrically connected to the controller (7); the fiber Bragg grating sensor (22) is located at the middle point between two adjacent train sleepers (1) and directly below the train track (5); and the top end of the pressure sensor (25) contacts the bottom end of the train track (5).

7. The rail vibration damping device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting mechanism (4) comprises a mounting seat (41), a mounting frame (42), a reinforcement member (43), a mounting member (44), a shock-absorbing pad (45) and a limiting slot (46); the mounting seat (41) is mounted on the top of the shock-absorbing frame (32); the mounting frame (42) is mounted in the middle of the top of the mounting seat (41); two reinforcement members (43), two mounting members (44) and two limiting slots (46) are provided, and the two reinforcement members (43) and two mounting members (44) are respectively mounted on both sides of the top of the mounting frame (42); the shock-absorbing pad (45) is mounted in the middle of the top of the mounting frame (42); and the two limiting slots (46) are respectively opened on both sides of the top of the mounting frame (42).

8. The rail vibration damping device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The reinforcing member (43) comprises a reinforcing bolt (431), a reinforcing frame (432), an elastic sleeve (433) and a reinforcing nut (434); the reinforcing bolt (431) is snap-fitted and installed inside the limiting groove (46); the reinforcing frame (432) is sleeve-fitted and installed on the lower part of the outer surface of the reinforcing bolt (431); the elastic sleeve (433) is sleeve-fitted and installed on the middle part of the outer surface of the reinforcing bolt (431); and the reinforcing nut (434) is threadedly installed on the upper part of the outer surface of the reinforcing bolt (431).

9. The rail vibration damping device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The mounting member (44) comprises a mounting bolt (441), a positioning seat (442), a positioning plate (443), a rubber sleeve (444) and a mounting nut (445); the lower portion of the outer surface of the mounting bolt (441) is embedded in the interior of the shock-absorbing frame (32); the positioning seat (442) is sleeved on the lower portion of the outer surface of the mounting bolt (441); the positioning plate (443) is snap-fitted on the top end of the positioning seat (442); the rubber sleeve (444) is sleeved on the middle portion of the outer surface of the mounting bolt (441); and the mounting nut (445) is threadedly mounted on the upper portion of the outer surface of the mounting bolt (441).

10. The rail vibration damping device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The lower portion of the outer surface of the mounting bolt (441) is configured as a convex structure, the rubber sleeve (444) and the elastic sleeve (433) are both configured as spiral structures, and the top ends of the mounting seat (41) and the mounting frame (42) are both provided with positioning grooves that match the lower portion of the outer surface of the positioning seat (442).

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