Perforating device for petroleum drilling and production

Abstract

The invention discloses a perforating device for petroleum drilling and production, and relates to the technical field of deep sea petroleum drilling and production, the perforating device comprises a perforating mechanism, the perforating mechanism comprises a gun body, a plurality of bullet holes are formed in the gun body, and perforating bullets are mounted in the bullet holes; the device further comprises a first launching precision control mechanism. By installing the first launching precision control mechanism, the axis of the perforating mechanism and the axis of an oil well are precisely overlapped, and therefore the launching direction and precision of perforating bullets are ensured; meanwhile, recoil force generated during launching is buffered, the perforating mechanism and the inner wall of the oil well casing are protected, and structural deformation and damage are prevented; by installing the second launching precision control mechanism, interference of impurities on the stretching-out action of the hydraulic cylinder is eliminated, it is guaranteed that a gun body is completely aligned with the axis of an oil well, the accuracy of the perforation direction is guaranteed, and finally the perforation precision is improved; by installing the launching direction adjusting mechanism, directional adjustment is conducted on the directions and the positions of the perforating bullets underground, the perforating bullets are made to be accurately aligned with the preset perforating direction, and the perforating precision is effectively guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of deep-sea oil drilling, and in particular to a perforating device for oil drilling. Background Art

[0002] In deep-sea crude oil extraction, perforating guns are used to generate high-speed metal jets through detonation, penetrating the formation and creating a flow channel between the oil and gas layer and the wellbore. Perforating operations are a key factor in determining the productivity of oil and gas wells, and the perforating gun, its core equipment, is also a key piece of equipment in the oil drilling and production industry.

[0003] After the perforating gun is lowered to the designated position, its diameter, smaller than the wellbore, can easily tilt or cling to the inner wall of the oil well casing, causing the gun axis to deviate from the well's central axis. This deviation directly affects the trajectory of the perforating charge and, in turn, perforating accuracy. Furthermore, the actual position of the perforating charge during the lowering process may deviate from the preset position. Furthermore, the intense recoil generated during the perforating process can not only deform and damage the perforating gun but, in severe cases, can also damage the inner wall of the oil well casing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a perforating device for oil drilling to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A perforating device for oil drilling comprises a perforating mechanism, wherein the perforating mechanism comprises a gun body, a plurality of bullet holes are formed on the gun body, and perforating bullets are installed in the bullet holes; Also includes: The first firing accuracy control mechanism is connected to the perforating mechanism and includes a center positioning mechanism and a buffer protection mechanism; The center positioning mechanism includes a plurality of hydraulic cylinders, and an arc-shaped support plate is fixed to one end of the inner rod of the hydraulic cylinder; The buffer protection mechanism includes an oil tank, a piston plate is sleeved inside the oil tank, an electromagnet is fixed inside the piston plate, a sealing plate is fixed to the bottom of the oil tank, a rod opening is opened on the sealing plate, a push rod motor 1 is fixed on the bottom of the sealing plate, and an inner rod of the push rod motor 1 is sleeved inside the rod opening; The second launch accuracy control mechanism is connected to the first launch accuracy control mechanism and includes a shrinkage box fixed to the top of the arc-shaped support plate, wherein a plurality of springs are fixed inside the shrinkage box, and a scraper is fixed to the other end of the plurality of springs; The firing direction adjustment mechanism is connected to the firing accuracy control mechanism and the perforating mechanism.

[0006] Preferably, the perforating mechanism further comprises butt joints fixed at both ends of the gun body; A detonator is installed inside the gun body, and the detonator is electrically connected to a plurality of perforating bullets; The interior of the gun body is integrated with directional sensing technology, a mechanical positioning system and an ignition system.

[0007] Preferably, the center positioning mechanism further comprises two ring plates 1 rotatably connected to the outside of the docking member, the outside of the two ring plates 1 is sleeved with a cylinder, the inner wall of the cylinder is provided with a plurality of sliding grooves, the outside of the ring plate 1 is fixed with a plurality of sliders corresponding to the sliding grooves, and the sliders are sleeved inside the sliding grooves; A plurality of hydraulic cylinders are fixed inside the cylinder; The plurality of hydraulic cylinders are connected to an oil tank.

[0008] Preferably, the sealing plate is fixedly connected to the ring plate 1 away from the thread of the docking piece, and the push rod motor 1 is fixedly connected to the ring plate 1 away from the thread of the docking piece; After the electromagnet is in operation, it is magnetically attracted to the oil tank; Hydraulic oil is provided inside the oil tank, and the hydraulic oil is located on a side of the electromagnet away from the push rod motor.

[0009] Preferably, the second launch accuracy control mechanism further comprises a plurality of second push rod motors, which are fixedly connected to a first ring plate near the thread of the docking piece, and one end of the plurality of second push rod motors is fixed with a second ring plate, which is fixedly connected to the barrel; The scraper is sleeved inside the shrink box; One side of the scraper plate has the same curvature as that of the arc-shaped supporting plate.

[0010] Preferably, the emission direction adjustment mechanism further comprises a gear 1 fixed to the outside of the docking member, the gear 1 is located between the two ring plates 1, and one side of the gear 1 is meshed with a gear 2; A motor is fixed on the ring plate 1 away from the thread of the docking piece, and the output end of the motor is fixedly connected to the gear 2; An isolation tube is fixed on the outer wall of the gun body.

[0011] Preferably, a controller is fixed inside one of the docking parts, and the controller is electrically connected to the push rod motor 1, the push rod motor 2, the motor, the electromagnet and the detonator respectively, and the controller is externally connected to the detonation system.

[0012] Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention installs a firing accuracy control mechanism to precisely align the axis of the perforating mechanism with the axis of the oil well, thereby ensuring the firing direction and accuracy of the perforating charge. At the same time, it cushions the recoil force generated during firing, protecting the perforating mechanism and the inner wall of the oil well casing, and preventing structural deformation and damage. 2. The present invention eliminates the interference of impurities on the extension of the hydraulic cylinder by installing the second firing accuracy control mechanism, ensuring that the gun body is completely aligned with the axis of the oil well, ensuring the accuracy of the perforation direction, and ultimately improving the perforation accuracy. 3. The present invention installs a firing direction adjustment mechanism to implement directional adjustment of the direction and position of multiple perforating charges underground, so that they are precisely aligned with the preset perforating direction, effectively ensuring perforating accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a perforating device for oil drilling proposed by the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the gun body structure of a perforating device for oil drilling proposed by the present invention.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a perforating device for oil drilling proposed by the present invention.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of a second firing accuracy control mechanism of a perforating device for oil drilling proposed by the present invention.

[0017] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic cylinder structure of a perforating device for oil drilling proposed by the present invention.

[0018] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of a firing direction adjustment mechanism of a perforating device for oil drilling proposed by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal explosion structure of a shrinkage box of a perforating device for oil drilling proposed by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal explosion structure of an oil tank of a perforating device used in oil drilling proposed by the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 1. Perforating mechanism; 11. Gun body; 12. Bullet hole; 13. Perforating bullet; 14. Docking piece; 15. Isolation tube; 2. Firing accuracy control mechanism 1; 21. Ring plate 1; 22. Slider; 23. Cylinder; 24. Hydraulic cylinder; 25. Arc support plate; 26. Oil tank; 27. Sealing plate; 28. Rod mouth; 29. ​​Push rod motor 1; 210. Electromagnet; 211. Piston plate; 3. Firing accuracy control mechanism 2; 31. Push rod motor 2; 32. Ring plate 2; 33. Retraction box; 34. Spring; 35. Scraper; 4. Firing direction adjustment mechanism; 41. Motor; 42. Gear 2; 43. Gear 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0024] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the said features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. In addition, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be a communication between the two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] Example: Refer to Figures 1-8 A perforating device for oil drilling includes a perforating mechanism 1, wherein the perforating mechanism 1 includes a gun body 11, a plurality of bullet holes 12 are formed on the gun body 11, and perforating bullets 13 are installed inside the bullet holes 12; Also includes: The firing accuracy control mechanism 1 2 is connected to the perforating mechanism 1 and includes a center positioning mechanism and a buffer protection mechanism; The center positioning mechanism includes a plurality of hydraulic cylinders 24, and an arc-shaped support plate 25 is fixed to one end of the inner rod of the hydraulic cylinder 24; The buffer protection mechanism includes an oil tank 26, a piston plate 211 is sleeved inside the oil tank 26, an electromagnet 210 is fixed inside the piston plate 211, a sealing plate 27 is fixed to the bottom of the oil tank 26, a rod opening 28 is opened on the sealing plate 27, a push rod motor 29 is fixed to the bottom of the sealing plate 27, and the inner rod of the push rod motor 29 is sleeved inside the rod opening 28; Launching precision control mechanism 2 3, which is connected to launching precision control mechanism 1 2, includes a shrinking box 33 fixed to the top of the arc-shaped support plate 25, a plurality of springs 34 are fixed inside the shrinking box 33, and a scraper 35 is fixed to the other end of the plurality of springs 34; The launching direction adjustment mechanism 4 is connected to the launching accuracy control mechanism 2 and the perforating mechanism 1.

[0026] The perforating mechanism 1 further includes a butt joint 14 fixed to both ends of the gun body 11; A detonator is installed inside the gun body 11, and the detonator is electrically connected to the multiple perforating bullets 13; The interior of the gun body 11 is integrated with directional sensing technology, a mechanical positioning system and an ignition system.

[0027] The center positioning mechanism also includes two ring plates 21 rotatably connected to the outside of the docking member 14. The outside of the two ring plates 21 is provided with a cylinder 23. The inner wall of the cylinder 23 is provided with a plurality of sliding grooves. The outside of the ring plates 21 is fixed with a plurality of sliders 22 corresponding to the sliding grooves. The sliders 22 are provided inside the sliding grooves. A plurality of hydraulic cylinders 24 are fixed inside the cylinder 23; The plurality of hydraulic cylinders 24 are connected to the oil tank 26 via metal braided hoses.

[0028] The sealing plate 27 is fixedly connected to the ring plate 21 away from the thread of the docking member 14, and the push rod motor 29 is fixedly connected to the ring plate 21 away from the thread of the docking member 14; After the electromagnet 210 is in operation, it is magnetically attracted to the oil tank 26; Hydraulic oil is provided inside the oil tank 26 , and the hydraulic oil is located on the side of the electromagnet 210 away from the push rod motor 29 .

[0029] The launch accuracy control mechanism 2 3 also includes a plurality of push rod motors 2 31, which are fixedly connected to the ring plate 1 21 near the thread of the docking member 14. One end of the plurality of push rod motors 2 31 is fixed with a ring plate 2 32, and the ring plate 2 32 is fixedly connected to the barrel 23. The scraper 35 is sleeved inside the shrink box 33; One side of the scraper plate 35 has the same curvature as that of the arc-shaped support plate 25 .

[0030] The launch direction adjustment mechanism 4 further includes a gear 1 43 fixed to the outside of the docking member 14. The gear 1 43 is located between the two ring plates 1 21. One side of the gear 1 43 is meshed with a gear 2 42. A motor 41 is fixed on the ring plate 1 21 away from the thread of the docking member 14, and the output end of the motor 41 is fixedly connected to the gear 2 42; An isolation tube 15 is fixed to the outer wall of the gun body 11 .

[0031] A controller is fixed inside one of the docking parts 14. The controller is electrically connected to the push rod motor 1 29, the push rod motor 2 31, the motor 41, the electromagnet 210 and the detonator. The controller is externally connected to the detonation system.

[0032] Working principle: After the device is pushed into the designated position, the detonation system sends a perforation signal to the controller; The controller starts the push rod motor 29 to operate. The inner rod of the push rod motor 29 passes through the rod opening 28 and contacts the electromagnet 210, pushing the electromagnet 210 and the piston plate 211 to move in the oil tank 26, pushing the hydraulic oil in the oil tank 26 into the interior of the multiple hydraulic cylinders 24, so that the inner rods of the hydraulic cylinders 24 extend, and the inner rods push the arc-shaped support plate 25 to move. After the oil in the oil tank 26 is completely pushed into all the hydraulic cylinders 24, the hydraulic cylinders 24 are fully extended, thereby supporting the perforating mechanism 1 so that its axis corresponds to the axis of the oil well casing. After all the hydraulic cylinders 24 are extended, the arc-shaped support plate 25 contacts the inner wall of the oil well casing to support and fix the device in the oil well. Then the electromagnet 210 is started to magnetically attract the oil tank 26 to maintain the position of the piston plate 211. After the reset, the hydraulic cylinder 24 is fully extended, so that the arc support plate 25 is in close contact with the inner wall of the oil well casing to clean up the residual impurities. This can prevent impurities from hindering the extension of the hydraulic cylinder 24, ensuring that the gun body 11 is accurately aligned with the axis of the oil well, thereby ensuring the perforating direction of the perforating bullet 13 and ultimately improving the perforating accuracy.

[0033] The controller uses directional sensing technology and a mechanical positioning system to obtain the position and orientation of multiple perforating charges 13. It then controls two motors 41 to operate simultaneously. Motor 41 drives gear 2 42 to rotate, which in turn drives gear 1 43 to rotate. Because there is friction between the arc-shaped support plate 25 and the inner wall of the oil well casing, and because the ring plate 1 21 and the docking member 14 are rotatably connected, the rotation of gear 1 43 drives the docking member 14 and the gun body 11 to rotate, adjusting the orientation of the perforating charge 13 so that the perforating charge 13 faces the preset perforating direction. The controller then controls the ignition system to launch the perforating bullets 13 in sequence. Before the perforating bullet 13 is launched, the electromagnet 210 is immediately turned off to release the magnetic attraction to the oil tank 26. The recoil of the perforating bullet 13 will cause the device to shake in the oil well and collide with the inner wall of the oil well casing. The collision will cause damage to the perforating gun, and the shaking will cause the shooting direction of other perforating bullets 13 to be deflected. Therefore, when the device generates recoil, the inner rods of several hydraulic cylinders 24 are squeezed, pushing the internal hydraulic oil into the inside of the oil tank 26 and moving the piston plate 211. This process can achieve buffering, avoid the device from colliding with the inner wall of the oil well casing, and protect the oil well and the device. Then, the push rod motor 29 is immediately started to extend the inner rod to push the piston plate 211 upwards, pushing the hydraulic oil back into the inside of the hydraulic cylinder 24, and then the motor 41 is started to adjust the direction of other perforating bullets 13 again to ensure the accuracy of the shooting direction of each perforating bullet 13.

[0034] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A perforating device for oil drilling, comprising a perforating mechanism (1), characterized in that: The gun body (11) is provided with a plurality of bullet holes (12), and perforating bullets (13) are installed inside the bullet holes (12); Also includes: a firing accuracy control mechanism (2) connected to the perforating mechanism (1) and comprising a center positioning mechanism and a buffer protection mechanism; The center positioning mechanism includes a plurality of hydraulic cylinders (24), and an arc-shaped support plate (25) is fixed to one end of the inner rod of the hydraulic cylinder (24); The buffer protection mechanism includes an oil tank (26), a piston plate (211) is sleeved inside the oil tank (26), an electromagnet (210) is fixed inside the piston plate (211), a sealing plate (27) is fixed to the bottom of the oil tank (26), a rod opening (28) is opened on the sealing plate (27), a push rod motor (29) is fixed to the bottom of the sealing plate (27), and an inner rod of the push rod motor (29) is sleeved inside the rod opening (28); The second launch precision control mechanism (3) is connected to the first launch precision control mechanism (2), and includes a shrinkage box (33) fixed on the top of the arc-shaped support plate (25), a plurality of springs (34) are fixed inside the shrinkage box (33), and a scraper (35) is fixed to the other end of the plurality of springs (34); The firing direction adjustment mechanism (4) is connected to the firing accuracy control mechanism (2) and the perforation mechanism (1).

2. The perforating device for oil drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perforating mechanism (1) further includes docking pieces (14) fixed at both ends of the gun body (11); A detonator is installed inside the gun body (11), and the detonator is electrically connected to a plurality of perforating bullets (13); The interior of the gun body (11) is integrated with directional sensing technology, a mechanical positioning system and an ignition system; An isolation cylinder (15) is fixed to the outer wall of the gun body (11).

3. The perforating device for oil drilling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The center positioning mechanism further comprises two ring plates (21) rotatably connected to the outside of the docking member (14), the outside of the two ring plates (21) is provided with a cylinder (23), the inner wall of the cylinder (23) is provided with a plurality of sliding grooves, the outside of the ring plate (21) is fixed with a plurality of sliding blocks (22) corresponding to the sliding grooves, and the sliding blocks (22) are provided inside the sliding grooves; The plurality of hydraulic cylinders (24) are fixed inside the cylinder (23); The plurality of hydraulic cylinders (24) are in communication with an oil tank (26).

4. The perforating device for oil drilling according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sealing plate (27) is fixedly connected to the ring plate (21) away from the thread of the docking member (14), and the push rod motor (29) is fixedly connected to the ring plate (21) away from the thread of the docking member (14); After the electromagnet (210) is in operation, it is magnetically attracted to the oil tank (26); Hydraulic oil is provided inside the oil tank (26), and the hydraulic oil is located on a side of the electromagnet (210) away from the push rod motor (29).

5. The perforating device for oil drilling according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second launch precision control mechanism (3) further includes a plurality of second push rod motors (31), which are fixedly connected to a first ring plate (21) near the thread of the docking member (14), and a second ring plate (32) is fixed to one end of the plurality of second push rod motors (31), and the second ring plate (32) is fixedly connected to the barrel (23); The scraper (35) is sleeved inside the shrink box (33); One side of the scraper (35) has the same curvature as the arc-shaped support plate (25).

6. The perforating device for oil drilling according to claim 5, characterized in that: The launch direction adjustment mechanism (4) further includes a gear 1 (43) fixed to the outside of the docking member (14), the gear 1 (43) being located between the two ring plates 1 (21), and one side of the gear 1 (43) being meshed with a gear 2 (42); A motor (41) is fixed on the ring plate 1 (21) away from the thread of the docking member (14), and the output end of the motor (41) is fixedly connected to the gear 2 (42).

7. The perforating device for oil drilling according to claim 6, characterized in that: A controller is fixed inside one of the docking parts (14), and the controller is electrically connected to the push rod motor 1 (29), the push rod motor 2 (31), the motor (41), the electromagnet (210) and the detonator, and the controller is externally connected to the detonation system.

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