Engine thermal management performance improving device and method based on dual-pressure reaction

Abstract

The invention discloses an engine thermal management performance improving method based on dual-pressure reaction, and belongs to the field of aero-engine thermal management. The problems of coking, carbon deposition and the like caused by high-pressure fuel oil cracking in the existing fuel oil supply process are solved. The device comprises a fuel oil tank, a cooling channel, a low-pressure channel, a high-pressure channel, an engine heat management module and the like. An outlet of the fuel tank communicates with an inlet of the fuel pump, an outlet of the fuel pump communicates with a first inlet of the cooling channel, an outlet of a high-pressure channel of the cooling channel communicates with an inlet of the oil-gas turbine, an outlet of a low-pressure channel of the cooling channel communicates with an inlet of the combustion chamber, and an outlet of the oil-gas turbine communicates with a second inlet of the cooling channel. The mixture enters the combustion chamber for combustion through a low-pressure channel outlet of the cooling channel, the oil-gas turbine is coupled with the heat management module, high-pressure oil gas in the cooling channel is depressurized through the oil-gas turbine and depressurized again in the cooling channel, dual-pressure reaction is achieved, and the mixture enters the combustion chamber for combustion through the low-pressure channel outlet of the cooling channel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aviation engine thermal management, and in particular to a device and method for improving engine thermal management performance based on a dual-pressure reaction. Background Art

[0002] Scramjet engines operate under harsh conditions of ultra-high temperature and high Mach number, which can easily cause excessive local heat flux density in the combustion chamber and excessively high local wall temperature. The combustion chamber wall may be burned in a short period of time. In order to ensure the normal operation of the engine and extend the engine life, an effective thermal protection module is required to achieve sufficient cooling of the engine.

[0003] Given the unique thermal protection requirements and operating thermal environment of scramjets, various thermal protection methods have been proposed. Active thermal protection is an effective approach based on current material conditions. In this approach, the fuel is first used as a coolant during regenerative active cooling, absorbing heat from the wall through its own heat sink. The fuel is then used as a propellant for injection into the combustion chamber for combustion. This thermal protection measure can reduce the temperature of the combustion chamber and the fuselage. Furthermore, the fuel's endothermic cracking generates small molecules that help improve the fuel's combustion performance and energy density.

[0004] When hydrocarbon fuels are heated to a certain temperature, their components undergo a series of cracking reactions and further produce coking. Under high pressure, large amounts of carbon deposits are generated and deposited on the heat exchange surface. This not only reduces the heat transfer efficiency between the wall and the fuel, but also causes blockage of fuel lines, nozzles, and precision valves, endangering aircraft safety. In addition, fuel coking and carbon deposition is an exothermic process, which also seriously hinders further improvement of heat sink. Therefore, while considering the combustion performance of the fuel, the risk of coking must also be taken into account. According to the principles of reaction thermodynamics and reaction kinetics, reducing pressure is conducive to the generation of small molecule cracking reactions, which is very beneficial for suppressing reaction coking and other aspects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve the problems of coking and carbon deposition caused by high-pressure fuel cracking during fuel supply in the prior art. To solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: Solution 1: The present invention proposes an engine thermal management performance improvement device based on a dual-pressure reaction, the device comprising a fuel tank, a fuel pump, a cooling channel, an oil-gas turbine, a rotor shaft, a generator, a combustion chamber, a low-pressure channel, a high-pressure channel, and an engine thermal management module; The outlet of the fuel tank is communicated with the inlet of the fuel pump, the outlet of the fuel pump is communicated with the first inlet of the cooling channel, the outlet of the high-pressure channel of the cooling channel is communicated with the inlet of the oil-gas turbine, the outlet of the low-pressure channel of the cooling channel is communicated with the inlet of the combustion chamber, and the outlet of the oil-gas turbine is communicated with the second inlet of the cooling channel; the mixture enters the combustion chamber through the low-pressure channel outlet of the cooling channel for combustion, the oil-gas turbine is coupled to the generator thermal management module, and the oil-gas turbine is used to reduce the pressure of the high-pressure oil and gas in the cooling channel, and the pressure is reduced again in the cooling channel to achieve a dual-pressure reaction, thereby generating a mixture of multiple small-molecule hydrocarbons, and the mixture of small-molecule hydrocarbons enters the combustion chamber through the low-pressure channel outlet of the cooling channel for combustion.

[0006] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is provided, wherein the inlet gas of the cooling channel is low-temperature fuel oil and low-pressure oil and gas, and the outlet gas is high-pressure oil and gas and small-molecule hydrocarbons.

[0007] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is provided, wherein the oil and gas turbine is coaxially arranged with the generator, and the oil and gas turbine and the generator are connected via the rotor shaft. When operating, the oil and gas turbine drives the rotor shaft to rotate, thereby driving the generator to operate.

[0008] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is provided, in which the high-pressure channel and the low-pressure channel adopt a stacked upper and lower arrangement structure, and the high-pressure channel and the low-pressure channel are stacked up and down perpendicular to the direction of heat flow, the low-pressure channel is arranged close to the wall of the combustion chamber, and the high-pressure channel is on the upper side of the low-pressure channel.

[0009] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is provided, in which the low-pressure channel is provided with a sandwich structure between the high-pressure channel and the combustion chamber wall, and the structural strength of the generator thermal management module is optimized by constructing a pressure distribution field that increases gradually from the combustion chamber to the high-pressure channel.

[0010] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is provided, wherein the low-pressure channel is laid in a ring shape on the outer surface area of ​​the combustion chamber to form a high-temperature heat buffer layer in direct contact with the wall surface, which is used to suppress the radiation and convection heat transfer of high-temperature combustion gas to the wall surface.

[0011] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is provided, wherein a filling valve is installed on the fuel pump.

[0012] Solution 2: A method for improving engine thermal management performance based on a dual-pressure reaction, the method being implemented based on the device described in any one of Solution 1, the method comprising the following steps: The fuel in the fuel tank is pumped out by the fuel pump and enters the first inlet of the cooling channel. The fuel uses its own heat absorption capacity to cool the engine wall. After continuous heat absorption, the fuel vaporizes. High-pressure oil and gas enter the oil and gas turbine through the outlet of the high-pressure channel of the cooling channel, perform work in the oil and gas turbine, and drive the generator through the rotor shaft. After the oil and gas pressure is reduced, it enters the second inlet of the cooling channel, uses the fuel's own heat absorption capacity to cool the engine wall, continues to absorb heat, and further reduces pressure in the cooling channel to achieve a dual-pressure reaction, generating a mixture of various small-molecule hydrocarbons. The mixture of small-molecule hydrocarbons enters the combustion chamber through the low-pressure channel outlet of the cooling channel for combustion.

[0013] The present invention is beneficial in that: The present invention describes a method for improving engine thermal management performance based on a dual-pressure reaction, which couples the oil and gas turbine with the generator thermal management module to achieve a dual-pressure thermal management method that can effectively solve the problem of carbon deposition and coking caused by high-pressure fuel cracking. At the same time, the coupling of the two indirectly increases the heat sink of the fuel through energy conversion in the power generation process. On the other hand, low-pressure conditions are conducive to the cracking reaction, which can directly increase the heat sink of the fuel and improve energy utilization.

[0014] The method for improving engine thermal management performance based on a dual-pressure reaction described in the present invention introduces the cooling channel, fully utilizes the wall temperature of various engine components, and uses waste heat to provide heat for fuel vaporization and cracking, thereby effectively improving the overall energy utilization rate of the engine module.

[0015] The present invention discloses a method for improving the thermal management performance of an engine based on a dual-pressure reaction, which introduces an oil-gas turbine generator and indirectly increases the heat sink of the fuel through energy conversion during the power generation process.

[0016] The present invention describes a method for improving engine thermal management performance based on a dual-pressure reaction, which couples an oil-gas turbine with a generator thermal management module. The oil-gas turbine is used to reduce the pressure of high-pressure oil and gas in the cooling channel, and then reduces the pressure again in the cooling channel, thereby realizing a dual-pressure reaction. The oil and gas are cracked under low-pressure conditions to generate a mixture of various small-molecule hydrocarbons, thereby solving the problem of coking and carbon deposition caused by fuel cracking under high-pressure conditions.

[0017] The present invention discloses a method for improving engine thermal management performance based on a dual-pressure reaction, which achieves low-pressure cracking through two pressure drops. Low-pressure conditions are conducive to the cracking reaction and can directly increase the heat sink of the fuel.

[0018] The method for improving engine thermal management performance based on dual-pressure reaction described in the present invention adopts a stacked upper and lower arrangement structure. The heat conduction coupling effect formed by this layout effectively balances the temperature distribution in the high-pressure channel, reduces the temperature gradient along the fluid flow direction, thereby suppressing the medium coking tendency caused by local overheating and improving the anti-coking performance of the high-pressure channel.

[0019] The present invention describes a method for improving the thermal management performance of an engine based on a dual-pressure reaction, which adopts a layered channel arrangement scheme, and arranges the low-pressure channel between the high-pressure channel and the combustion chamber wall to form a sandwich structure; by constructing a pressure distribution field that increases gradually from the combustion chamber to the high-pressure channel, the pressure gradient design effectively reduces the pressure difference load on the combustion chamber wall, and at the same time utilizes the restraining effect of the high-pressure channel to enhance the pressure-bearing capacity of the overall structure, which is beneficial to the structural strength optimization design of the thermal management module.

[0020] The present invention creates a method for improving engine thermal management performance based on a dual-pressure reaction. It adopts a wall-mounted thermal coupling arrangement scheme, and lays a high-temperature low-pressure channel in a ring shape on the outer surface area of ​​the combustion chamber to form a high-temperature thermal buffer layer in direct contact with the wall, effectively suppressing the radiation and convection heat transfer of high-temperature combustion gas to the wall, thereby reducing the wall heat load and improving the thermal efficiency of the combustion chamber.

[0021] The present invention is also applicable to the application field of dual-pressure cracking oil and gas turbine modules. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an engine thermal management performance improvement device based on a dual-pressure reaction as described in embodiment 1.

[0023] Among them, there are a fuel tank 1, a fuel pump 2, a cooling channel 3, an oil and gas turbine 4, a rotor shaft 5, a generator 6, a combustion chamber 7; a low-pressure channel 8, and a high-pressure channel 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the implementation methods of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the implementation methods of this application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the drawings in the implementation methods of this application. Obviously, the described implementation methods are only part of the implementation methods of this application, not all of the implementation methods.

[0025] Embodiment 1: This embodiment proposes an engine thermal management performance improvement device based on a dual-pressure reaction, the device comprising a fuel tank 1, a fuel pump 2, a cooling channel 3, an oil-gas turbine 4, a rotor shaft 5, a generator 6, a combustion chamber 7, a low-pressure channel 8, a high-pressure channel 9, and an engine thermal management module; The outlet of the fuel tank 1 is connected to the inlet of the fuel pump 2, the outlet of the fuel pump 2 is connected to the first inlet of the cooling channel 3, the outlet of the high-pressure channel 9 of the cooling channel 3 is connected to the inlet of the oil-gas turbine 4, the outlet of the low-pressure channel 8 of the cooling channel 3 is connected to the inlet of the combustion chamber 7, and the outlet of the oil-gas turbine 4 is connected to the second inlet of the cooling channel 3; the mixture enters the combustion chamber 7 through the low-pressure channel outlet of the cooling channel 3 for combustion, the oil-gas turbine 4 is coupled to the generator thermal management module, and the oil-gas turbine 4 is used to reduce the pressure of the high-pressure oil and gas in the cooling channel 3, and then reduces the pressure again in the cooling channel to achieve a dual-pressure reaction, thereby generating a mixture of multiple small-molecule hydrocarbons, and the mixture of small-molecule hydrocarbons enters the combustion chamber 7 through the low-pressure channel outlet of the cooling channel 3 for combustion.

[0026] Implementation method 2: This implementation method further limits the engine thermal management performance improvement device based on dual-pressure reaction described in implementation method 1. The inlet gas of the cooling channel 3 is low-temperature fuel and low-pressure oil and gas, and the outlet is high-pressure oil and gas and small molecular hydrocarbons.

[0027] Implementation method three. This implementation method further limits the engine thermal management performance improvement device based on dual-pressure reaction described in implementation method one. The oil-gas turbine 4 is coaxially arranged with the generator 6, and the oil-gas turbine 4 and the generator 6 are connected through the rotor shaft 5. When working, the oil-gas turbine 4 drives the rotor shaft 5 to rotate, thereby driving the generator 6 to work.

[0028] Implementation method 4. This implementation method further limits the engine thermal management performance improvement device based on dual-pressure reaction described in implementation method 1. The high-pressure channel 9 and the low-pressure channel 8 adopt a stacked upper and lower arrangement structure, and the high-pressure channel 9 and the low-pressure channel 8 are stacked up and down perpendicular to the direction of heat flow. The low-pressure channel 8 is arranged close to the wall of the combustion chamber 7, and the high-pressure channel 9 is on the upper side of the low-pressure channel.

[0029] Implementation method five. This implementation method further limits the engine thermal management performance improvement device based on dual-pressure reaction described in implementation method one. The low-pressure channel 8 is arranged between the high-pressure channel 9 and the combustion chamber wall and a sandwich structure is also provided. By constructing a pressure distribution field with a gradient increasing from the combustion chamber to the high-pressure channel 9, the structural strength optimization design of the generator thermal management module is achieved.

[0030] Implementation method six. This implementation method further limits the engine thermal management performance improvement device based on dual-pressure reaction described in implementation method one. The low-pressure channel 8 is laid in a ring shape on the outer surface area of ​​the combustion chamber to form a high-temperature heat buffer layer in direct contact with the wall surface, which is used to suppress the radiation and convection heat transfer of high-temperature combustion gas to the wall surface.

[0031] Embodiment 7: This embodiment further limits the engine thermal management performance improvement device based on dual-pressure reaction described in Embodiment 1. A filling valve is installed on the fuel pump 2.

[0032] Embodiment 8: This embodiment proposes a method for improving engine thermal management performance based on a dual-pressure reaction. The method is implemented based on the device described in any one of Embodiments 1 to 7, and includes the following steps: The fuel in the fuel tank 1 is pumped out by the fuel pump 2 and enters the first inlet of the cooling channel 3. The fuel uses its own heat absorption capacity to cool the engine wall. After continuous heat absorption, the fuel is vaporized. High-pressure oil and gas enter the oil-gas turbine 4 through the outlet of the high-pressure channel of the cooling channel 3, perform work in the oil-gas turbine 4, and the oil-gas turbine 4 drives the generator 6 to work through the rotor shaft 5. After the oil and gas pressure is reduced, it enters the second inlet of the cooling channel 3, utilizes the fuel's own heat absorption capacity to cool the engine wall, continues to absorb heat, and further reduces pressure in the cooling channel, realizing a dual-pressure reaction, generating a mixture of various small-molecule hydrocarbons, and the small-molecule hydrocarbon mixture enters the combustion chamber 7 through the low-pressure channel outlet of the cooling channel 3 for combustion.

[0033] Implementation 9: This implementation provides an example, which is used to explain the above implementations 1 to 8. Specifically, the example is as follows: See also Figure 1 This embodiment is described with reference to Figure 1 As shown, a method for improving engine thermal management performance based on dual-pressure reaction includes: a fuel tank 1, a fuel pump 2, a cooling channel 3, an oil-gas turbine 4, a rotor shaft 5, a generator 6, and a combustion chamber 7.

[0034] The outlet of the fuel tank 1 is connected to the inlet of the fuel pump 2, the outlet of the fuel pump 2 is connected to the first inlet of the cooling channel 3, the outlet of the high-pressure channel 9 of the cooling channel 3 is connected to the inlet of the oil and gas turbine 4, the outlet of the low-pressure channel 8 of the cooling channel 3 is connected to the inlet of the combustion chamber 7, and the outlet of the oil and gas turbine 4 is connected to the second inlet of the cooling channel 3.

[0035] The present invention creates a method for improving engine thermal management performance based on a dual-pressure reaction, and the working process is as follows: The fuel in the fuel tank 1 is pumped out by the fuel pump 2 and enters the first inlet of the cooling channel 3. The fuel uses its own heat absorption capacity to cool the engine wall. After continuous heat absorption, the fuel is vaporized.

[0036] High-pressure oil and gas enter the oil-gas turbine 4 through the outlet of the high-pressure channel of the cooling channel 3, perform work in the oil-gas turbine 4, and the oil-gas turbine 4 drives the generator 6 to work through the rotor shaft 5. After the oil and gas pressure is reduced, it enters the second inlet of the cooling channel 3, uses the fuel's own heat absorption capacity to cool the engine wall, continues to absorb heat, and further reduces pressure in the cooling channel, realizing a dual-pressure reaction and generating a mixture of various small molecular hydrocarbons.

[0037] The mixture of small molecular hydrocarbons enters the combustion chamber 7 through the low-pressure channel outlet of the cooling channel 3 and is burned.

[0038] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of the present disclosure may be combined or coupled in various ways, even if such a combination or coupling is not explicitly described in the present disclosure. It is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art may still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they are aware of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention. Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An engine thermal management performance improvement device based on dual-pressure reaction, characterized in that: The device comprises a fuel tank (1), a fuel pump (2), a cooling channel (3), an oil and gas turbine (4), a rotor shaft (5), a generator (6), a combustion chamber (7), a low-pressure channel (8), a high-pressure channel (9), and an engine thermal management module; The outlet of the fuel tank (1) is communicated with the inlet of the fuel pump (2), the outlet of the fuel pump (2) is communicated with the first inlet of the cooling channel (3), the outlet of the high-pressure channel (9) of the cooling channel (3) is communicated with the inlet of the oil-gas turbine (4), the outlet of the low-pressure channel (8) of the cooling channel (3) is communicated with the inlet of the combustion chamber (7), and the outlet of the oil-gas turbine (4) is communicated with the second inlet of the cooling channel (3); the mixture enters the combustion chamber (7) through the outlet of the low-pressure channel of the cooling channel (3) for combustion, the oil-gas turbine (4) is coupled with the engine thermal management module, and the high-pressure oil and gas in the cooling channel (3) are reduced in pressure by using the oil-gas turbine (4), and the pressure is reduced again in the cooling channel to achieve a dual-pressure reaction, thereby generating a mixture of multiple small-molecule hydrocarbons, and the mixture of small-molecule hydrocarbons enters the combustion chamber (7) through the outlet of the low-pressure channel of the cooling channel (3) for combustion.

2. The engine thermal management performance improvement device based on dual-pressure reaction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inlet gases of the cooling channel (3) are low-temperature fuel oil and low-pressure oil and gas, respectively, and the outlet gases are high-pressure oil and gas and small-molecule hydrocarbons, respectively.

3. The engine thermal management performance improvement device based on dual-pressure reaction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The oil and gas turbine (4) and the generator (6) are coaxially arranged, and the oil and gas turbine (4) and the generator (6) are connected via the rotor shaft (5). When in operation, the oil and gas turbine (4) drives the rotor shaft (5) to rotate, thereby driving the generator (6) to operate.

4. The engine thermal management performance improvement device based on dual-pressure reaction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The high-pressure channel (9) and the low-pressure channel (8) adopt a stacked upper and lower arrangement structure, wherein the high-pressure channel (9) and the low-pressure channel (8) are stacked up and down in a direction perpendicular to the heat flow, the low-pressure channel (8) is arranged close to the wall of the combustion chamber (7), and the high-pressure channel (9) is on the upper side of the low-pressure channel.

5. The engine thermal management performance improvement device based on dual-pressure reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-pressure channel (8) is provided between the high-pressure channel (9) and the combustion chamber wall and is also provided with a sandwich structure. By constructing a pressure distribution field that increases gradually from the combustion chamber to the high-pressure channel (9), an optimized design of the structural strength of the engine thermal management module is achieved.

6. The engine thermal management performance improvement device based on dual-pressure reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-pressure channel (8) is laid in an annular shape on the outer surface area of ​​the combustion chamber to form a high-temperature heat buffer layer in direct contact with the wall surface, which is used to suppress the radiation and convection heat transfer of the high-temperature combustion gas to the wall surface.

7. The engine thermal management performance improvement device based on dual-pressure reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: A filling valve is installed on the fuel pump (2).

8. A method for improving engine thermal management performance based on dual-pressure reaction, characterized in that: The method is implemented based on the device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and the method comprises the following steps: The fuel in the fuel tank (1) is pumped out by the fuel pump (2) and enters the first inlet of the cooling channel (3), where the fuel's own heat absorption capacity is utilized to cool the engine wall, and the fuel is vaporized through a continuous heat absorption process; The high-pressure oil and gas enter the oil and gas turbine (4) through the outlet of the high-pressure channel of the cooling channel (3), and work is performed in the oil and gas turbine (4). The oil and gas turbine (4) drives the generator (6) to work through the rotor shaft (5). After the oil and gas pressure is reduced, it enters the second inlet of the cooling channel (3), and uses the fuel's own heat absorption capacity to cool the engine wall. It continues to absorb heat and further reduces pressure in the cooling channel to achieve a dual-pressure reaction, generating a mixture of various small-molecule hydrocarbons. The mixture of small-molecule hydrocarbons enters the combustion chamber (7) through the outlet of the low-pressure channel of the cooling channel (3) and burns.

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