Novel intelligent control arc and trapezoid composite variable spur dike structure and design method

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel intelligent control arc and trapezoid composite variable spur dike structure and a design method, and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy projects. The spur dike structure comprises an arc dike head, the arc dike head is of a hollow arc structure, the central angle of the arc dike head is # imgabs0 #, and the radius of the arc dike head is r; the trapezoidal dam body is tangentially connected with the arc dam head and comprises an upstream dam face and a downstream dam face which are symmetrically arranged, and the tail end of the trapezoidal dam body is connected with a river bank; and the intelligent regulation and control system comprises a sensor group, a control center and an execution mechanism, the sensor group is used for collecting water flow parameters and ecological parameters, the control center generates a regulation and control instruction based on a genetic algorithm model, and the execution mechanism drives the arc dam head and the trapezoidal dam body to move so as to adjust the spur dike form. According to the method, the advantages of different types of spur dikes on ecology, bank protection, navigation and the like in different periods are fused, all data are integrated, and the current optimal spur dike form is intelligently selected in different periods by utilizing the genetic algorithm so as to cope with the water flow conditions in different periods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a novel intelligently controlled arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike structure and a design method, belonging to the technical field of water conservancy engineering. Background Art

[0002] A spur is a typical hydraulic structure used to control river flow and protect banks. It consists of a dam head, a dam body, and a dam base. The dam base is connected to the riverbank, while the dam body extends into the river. It is used for channel regulation along the riverbank to improve the stability of the riverbank and ensure navigability. Spurs are the most commonly used dam-type structure in channel regulation. Spurs not only protect riverbanks from erosion but also improve aquatic habitats and fish populations within the spurs.

[0003] In water conservancy engineering practice, common rectangular and trapezoidal spur dikes offer advantages such as simple structure, straightforward construction, and low cost. However, their sharp corners can easily cause sudden changes in flow direction, creating localized high-speed vortexes and exacerbating scouring of structures. In terms of mechanical properties, sharp corners can easily become points of concentrated force, leading to localized pressure surges and increasing the risk of structural damage. In terms of erosion resistance, sharp corners are more prone to sediment accumulation, increasing the erosive effects of water on structures.

[0004] Based on the relative width of the spur dike confining the low-flow riverbed, spur dikes can be divided into long and short spur dikes. Long spur dikes have a significant impact on water flow, strong diversion capacity, and a large recirculation area, providing a habitat for aquatic life. However, due to their structural disadvantages, they are prone to flooding during flood season, which also affects fish migration and reproduction. Short spur dikes, on the other hand, have a smaller impact on water flow and weaker diversion capacity, effectively protecting riverbanks during flood season. However, their diversion capacity is weak. To this end, the present invention proposes a novel intelligently controlled, variable composite arc and trapezoidal spur dike structure and design method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a novel intelligently controlled arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike structure and design method.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a novel intelligently controlled arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike structure, comprising: Arc dam head, the arc dam head is a hollow arc structure, and its central angle is , with a radius of r; A trapezoidal dam body, the trapezoidal dam body being tangentially connected to the circular arc dam head, comprising a symmetrically arranged upstream dam face and downstream dam face, with the distal end of the trapezoidal dam body being connected to the river bank; The intelligent control system includes a sensor group, a control center and an actuator. The sensor group is used to collect water flow parameters and ecological parameters. The control center generates control instructions based on a genetic algorithm model. The actuator drives the circular arc dam head and the trapezoidal dam body to move to adjust the shape of the spur dike.

[0007] As a possible implementation of this embodiment, the composite cross-sectional function expression of the arc dam head and the trapezoidal dam body is: , Where, 、 is the coefficient; x is the horizontal coordinate in the direction of water flow, and y is the vertical coordinate in the direction perpendicular to the river bank.

[0008] As a possible implementation of this embodiment, the sensor group includes: Water level and flow sensors are arranged in the river channel in front of the dam; Fish migration rate sensor, placed in the spur dike return flow area; Dam body pressure sensors are respectively arranged on the upstream dam surface and the arc dam head; Dissolved oxygen sensors are placed in the waters upstream and downstream of the spur dike.

[0009] As a possible implementation of this embodiment, the execution mechanism includes: The dam head moving track is laid perpendicular to the river bank and drives the dam head up and down to change the central angle ; The dam body rotation drive shaft is arranged at the connection between the dam body and the dam head, controlling the dam body to rotate clockwise / counterclockwise to adjust the angle between the dam body and the dam head. .

[0010] As a possible implementation of this embodiment, the spur dike shapes include hook L-shaped, bank protection type and diversion type. Angle with the center of the circle Achieve aspect ratio dynamic changes.

[0011] As a possible implementation of this embodiment, The shape of the hook L-shaped spur dike is: the length-to-width ratio , central angle , used to expand the return flow area during the migration period; The shape of the bank protection type spur dike is: length-to-width ratio , central angle , used to reduce the water-facing area of ​​the dam during flood season; The diversion type spur dam has the following shape: the dam head is moved forward 5-8m, and the central angle is , used to increase the river depth during the navigation period.

[0012] As a possible implementation of this embodiment, the genetic algorithm model includes: An input layer receives real-time data, including water level, flow, fish migration rate, dam pressure, and dissolved oxygen; Output layer, output dam head displacement h and dam body rotation angle ,in , , l To fix the dam length; Objective function: ,in F is the objective function value, α , β , γ is a weight coefficient that can be automatically adjusted according to the season, corresponding to the importance of P, E, and S in the objective function. Different seasons (such as focusing on dam safety during flood season, focusing on ecological indicators during ecologically sensitive periods, and focusing on navigation during busy shipping periods) have different requirements for dam safety, ecology, and navigation. By adjusting the weights, the objective function can be adapted to seasonal conditions and decisions such as the spur dam shape can be optimized. P is the dam pressure safety factor, an indicator that measures the safety of the dam when it is under pressure. It is usually calculated as the ratio of the dam's anti-destructive ability to the actual pressure it bears. The larger the P value, the safer the dam is under the current pressure. It reflects the safety performance of the spur dike structure; E is an ecological index, which comprehensively reflects the ecological environment status of the water area where the spur dike is located. It is reflected through ecological-related parameters such as migration rate (the proportion and number of migrating fish) and dissolved oxygen (the content of dissolved oxygen in the water body, which affects the survival of aquatic organisms), and is used to evaluate the impact of spur dike operation on the ecology; S is the navigable water depth maintenance rate: in navigable waters, the proportion of actual water depth that remains at the required navigation depth, reflecting the spur dike's ability to ensure the navigable water depth. If the layout and shape of the spur dike are reasonable, it can reduce the impact of silt deposition, maintain the navigable water depth, and ensure the shipping function.

[0013] As a possible implementation of this embodiment, the intelligent control system trains historical data through a genetic algorithm to establish a water flow parameter-morphology matching model to achieve adaptive selection of the spur dike morphology.

[0014] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a novel design method for an intelligently controlled arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike structure, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Establish a coordinate system with the highest point of the arc dam head as the origin and define the central angle With radius r as the design variable, a piecewise function model is constructed: , Where, 、 is the coefficient; x is the horizontal coordinate in the direction of water flow, and y is the vertical coordinate in the direction perpendicular to the river bank; Step 2: Based on the flow conditions of the target water area and the cross-sectional shape characteristics of the new arc and trapezoidal composite function type spur dike, the cross-sectional model of the spur dike is solved to obtain the solution formulas for the spur dike length L and the spur dike width B: , ; Step 3: Analyze the shape change of the new arc and trapezoidal composite function spur dike, and adjust the center angle according to the flow conditions of the on-site hydraulic engineering. The length-to-width ratio of the spur dike is optimized with respect to the radius r to minimize the flow resistance and to homogenize the structural stress.

[0015] As a possible implementation of this embodiment, the design method further includes the following steps: When the width B and length L of the spur dike are known, the formula Reverse calculate the arc radius r.

[0016] As a possible implementation of this embodiment, the anti-scouring performance of the circular arc dam head is achieved by optimizing the surface smoothness, and the sediment wear rate is reduced by 25%-40% compared with the traditional trapezoidal spur dike.

[0017] Thirdly, an embodiment of the present invention provides a river regulation method, which adopts the new intelligent control arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike structure as described above. By dynamically adjusting the spur dike shape, the area of ​​the return flow zone is increased to 1.5 times that of a conventional spur dike during the fish migration period, and the dam body pressure is reduced by more than 30% during the flood season.

[0018] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention can have the following beneficial effects: Compared to common trapezoidal and L-shaped spur dikes, the present invention adopts an arc-shaped structure at the dam head. The arc-shaped structure has the following advantages in terms of water flow: when water flows along the surface of the arc-shaped structure, the direction changes smoothly, reducing the generation of turbulence and eddies. In terms of stress characteristics, the arc-shaped structure is more evenly stressed by the water flow, and the impact force is evenly distributed along the arc surface, making the pressure on each part of the structure more balanced. The overall structure of the dam is less prone to cracks and damage. In terms of erosion resistance, the arc-shaped structure reduces the possibility of sedimentation and reduces the risk of structural erosion caused by sediment accumulation.

[0019] The new intelligently controlled, variable-type spur dike (composite circular and trapezoidal spur dikes) proposed in this invention combines the ecological, revetment, and navigational advantages of different spur dike types at different times. During the impoundment period, the aspect ratio is increased to create a hooked L-shaped spur dike, raising the water level in front of the dam while also increasing the backflow area and fostering fish breeding. During the Yellow River flood season, the aspect ratio is reduced to create a revetment spur dike, protecting the riverbank from erosion and reducing pressure on the dam. Sensor data (water level, flow, fish migration rate, dam pressure on the upstream side, dam head pressure, and dissolved oxygen levels) is fed into the control center, integrating all this data and using a genetic algorithm to intelligently select the optimal spur dike configuration at each time to address varying flow conditions.

[0020] The present invention proposes a novel design method for a composite circular and trapezoidal spur dike structure, which is both highly efficient and flexible. This method is adaptable to a variety of hydrological conditions and engineering requirements, and its performance can be enhanced by selecting different diameter-to-length ratios. Furthermore, by integrating extensive test data, spur dike configurations can be expanded beyond just six to address navigation, flood control, ecological challenges, and bank protection.

[0021] By integrating innovative geometric forms with intelligent control technology, this invention overcomes the functional limitations of traditional spur dikes and achieves a dynamic balance between flood control safety, navigation efficiency, and ecological protection. Its modular design and adaptive algorithm provide a replicable technical paradigm for river regulation projects, suitable for river regulation, bank slope protection, and ecological water conservancy projects, with significant engineering application value and social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a novel intelligently controlled arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike structure according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 2 This is a basic layout diagram of a new type of intelligently controlled circular arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 3 This is a flow chart of a design method for a novel intelligently controlled arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike structure according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the dam head and the dam body according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 5 A novel arc and trapezoidal composite spur dike cross-section function is shown in terms of diameter-to-length ratio according to an exemplary embodiment. , different central angles The shape diagram of the spur dike cross section function when ; Figure 6 A novel arc and trapezoidal composite spur dike cross-section function is shown in terms of diameter-to-length ratio according to an exemplary embodiment. , different central angles The shape diagram of the spur dike cross section function when ; Figure 7 A novel arc and trapezoidal composite spur dike cross-section function is shown in terms of diameter-to-length ratio according to an exemplary embodiment. , different central angles The shape diagram of the spur dike cross section function when ; Figure 2 In the middle, 1 is the water-facing slope, 2 is the water-facing slope, 3 is the left bank, and 4 is the right bank. B is the dam width, L As the dam chief, x is the horizontal axis, y Is the vertical axis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, the present invention is described in detail below through specific implementation methods and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The disclosure below provides many different embodiments or examples for realizing different structures of the present invention. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present invention, the components and settings of specific examples are described below. In addition, the present invention may repeat reference numbers and / or letters in different examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not itself indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed. It should be noted that the components illustrated in the accompanying drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. The present invention omits descriptions of well-known components and processing technologies and processes to avoid unnecessary limitations on the present invention.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a novel intelligently controlled arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike structure, comprising: Arc dam head, the arc dam head is a hollow arc structure, and its central angle is , with a radius of r; A trapezoidal dam body, the trapezoidal dam body being tangentially connected to the circular arc dam head, comprising a symmetrically arranged upstream dam face and downstream dam face, with the distal end of the trapezoidal dam body being connected to the river bank; The intelligent control system includes a sensor group, a control center and an actuator. The sensor group is used to collect water flow parameters and ecological parameters. The control center generates control instructions based on a genetic algorithm model. The actuator drives the circular arc dam head and the trapezoidal dam body to move to adjust the shape of the spur dike.

[0025] As a possible implementation of this embodiment, Figure 2As shown, the present invention discloses a novel arc and trapezoidal composite function spur dam, comprising an upstream slope 1, a downstream slope 2, a left bank 3, and a right bank 4. The upstream slope 1 and the downstream slope 2 are symmetrically arranged, and the upstream slope 1 and the downstream slope 2 are tangent to the arc dam head. The lower end of the upstream slope 1 is connected to the left bank 3, and the lower end of the downstream slope 2 is connected to the right bank 4. The cross-sectional shape of the novel spur dam is a composite of an arc and a trapezoid, with the arc dam head oriented offshore, and the dam head and the dam body always remaining tangent. The composite cross-sectional function expression of the arc dam head and the trapezoidal dam body is: , Where, 、 is the coefficient; x is the horizontal coordinate in the direction of water flow, and y is the vertical coordinate in the direction perpendicular to the river bank.

[0026] As a possible implementation of this embodiment, the sensor group includes: Water level and flow sensors are arranged in the river channel in front of the dam; Fish migration rate sensor, placed in the spur dike return flow area; Dam body pressure sensors are respectively arranged on the upstream dam surface and the arc dam head; Dissolved oxygen sensors are placed in the waters upstream and downstream of the spur dike.

[0027] As a possible implementation of this embodiment, the execution mechanism includes: The dam head moving track is laid perpendicular to the river bank and drives the dam head up and down to change the central angle ; The dam body rotation drive shaft is arranged at the connection between the dam body and the dam head, controlling the dam body to rotate clockwise / counterclockwise to adjust the angle between the dam body and the dam head. .

[0028] As a possible implementation of this embodiment, the spur dike shapes include hook L-shaped, bank protection type and diversion type. Angle with the center of the circle Achieve aspect ratio dynamic changes.

[0029] As a possible implementation of this embodiment, The shape of the hook L-shaped spur dike is: the length-to-width ratio , central angle , used to expand the return flow area during the migration period; The shape of the bank protection type spur dike is: length-to-width ratio , central angle , used to reduce the water-facing area of ​​the dam during flood season; The diversion type spur dam has the following shape: the dam head is moved forward 5-8m, and the central angle is , used to increase the river depth during the navigation period.

[0030] As a possible implementation of this embodiment, the genetic algorithm model includes: An input layer receives real-time data, including water level, flow, fish migration rate, dam pressure, and dissolved oxygen; Output layer, output dam head displacement h and dam body rotation angle ,in , , l To fix the dam length; Objective function: ,in F is the objective function value, α , β , γ is a weight coefficient that can be automatically adjusted according to the season, corresponding to the importance of P, E, and S in the objective function. Different seasons (such as focusing on dam safety during flood season, focusing on ecological indicators during ecologically sensitive periods, and focusing on navigation during busy shipping periods) have different requirements for dam safety, ecology, and navigation. By adjusting the weights, the objective function can be adapted to seasonal conditions and decisions such as the spur dam shape can be optimized. P is the dam pressure safety factor, an indicator that measures the safety of the dam when it is under pressure. It is usually calculated as the ratio of the dam's anti-destructive ability to the actual pressure it bears. The larger the P value, the safer the dam is under the current pressure. It reflects the safety performance of the spur dike structure; E is an ecological index, which comprehensively reflects the ecological environment status of the water area where the spur dike is located. It is reflected through ecological-related parameters such as migration rate (the proportion and number of migrating fish) and dissolved oxygen (the content of dissolved oxygen in the water body, which affects the survival of aquatic organisms), and is used to evaluate the impact of spur dike operation on the ecology; S is the navigable water depth maintenance rate: in navigable waters, the proportion of actual water depth that remains at the required navigation depth, reflecting the spur dike's ability to ensure the navigable water depth. If the layout and shape of the spur dike are reasonable, it can reduce the impact of silt deposition, maintain the navigable water depth, and ensure the shipping function.

[0031] As a possible implementation of this embodiment, the intelligent control system trains historical data through a genetic algorithm to establish a water flow parameter-morphology matching model to achieve adaptive selection of the spur dike morphology.

[0032] like Figure 3 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a novel design method for an intelligently controlled arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike structure, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Establish a coordinate system with the highest point of the arc dam head as the origin and define the central angle With radius r as the design variable, a piecewise function model is constructed: , Where, 、 is the coefficient; x is the horizontal coordinate in the direction of water flow, and y is the vertical coordinate in the direction perpendicular to the river bank; Step 2: Based on the flow conditions of the target water area and the cross-sectional shape characteristics of the new arc and trapezoidal composite function type spur dike, the cross-sectional model of the spur dike is solved to obtain the solution formulas for the spur dike length L and the spur dike width B: , ; Step 3: Analyze the shape change of the new arc and trapezoidal composite function spur dike, and adjust the center angle according to the flow conditions of the on-site hydraulic engineering. The length-to-width ratio of the spur dike is optimized with respect to the radius r to minimize the flow resistance and to homogenize the structural stress.

[0033] As a possible implementation of this embodiment, the design method further includes the following steps: When the width B and length L of the spur dike are known, the formula Reverse calculate the arc radius r.

[0034] As a possible implementation of this embodiment, the anti-scouring performance of the circular arc dam head is achieved by optimizing the surface smoothness, and the sediment wear rate is reduced by 25%-40% compared with the traditional trapezoidal spur dike.

[0035] A river regulation method provided by an embodiment of the present invention adopts the novel intelligent control circular arc and trapezoidal composite variable dike structure as described above, and the basic layout is as follows: the dam head part adopts a hollow circular arc structure, and the two solid dam bodies are always tangent to the circular arc and connected to the river bank at the dam root. The cross-sectional shape of the dike is still a composite of circular arc and trapezoid. Two dam head moving tracks are laid in the direction perpendicular to the river bank, and two upper and lower dam body moving tracks are laid on the side of the river bank. The dam head and the upper dam body are connected at the intersection with the shaft structure. The dam head is controlled by the actuator and can move up and down along the track. The left and right dam roots at the connection between the dam body and the dam head are controlled by the drive shaft to rotate clockwise and counterclockwise and always remain tangent to the dam head, that is, the angle between the dam body and the dam head track is The relative movement distance of the left and right dam roots connected to the river bank is Six spur dike configurations are automatically selected based on actual engineering conditions. Sensors are installed to detect flow velocity, flow rate, dissolved oxygen, fish migration rate, and dam head and dam body pressure. A large number of test results are collected as samples, and then a genetic algorithm is used to achieve the optimal selection of spur dike configuration under different water flow conditions. In the new intelligent adjustable spur dike, if the fixed dam body length is l, the distance the left and right dam roots move is , the distance the dam head moves up and down is By dynamically adjusting the spur dike shape, the return flow area is increased to 1.5 times that of a conventional spur dike during the fish migration period, reducing the dam body pressure by more than 30% during the flood season.

[0036] 1. New intelligent control circular arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike structure.

[0037] Based on the new arc and trapezoidal composite function type spur dam structure, a new intelligent control arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dam is proposed. The basic layout is as follows: the dam head part adopts a hollow arc structure, and the two solid dam bodies are made into arc shapes on the dam head side. The overall structure is always tangent to the arc dam head and connected to the river bank at the dam root. The cross-sectional shape of the spur dam is still a circular arc and trapezoidal composite function type. Two dam head moving tracks are laid in the direction perpendicular to the river bank, and two upper and lower dam body moving tracks are laid on the side of the river bank. The intersection of the dam head and the dam body is connected using a shaft drive structure such as Figure 4 As shown, the left and right dam bodies are driven by the control center to rotate the control shaft clockwise and counterclockwise respectively and always keep tangent to the dam head. The dam head is controlled by the actuator and can move up and down along the track. This invention only shows six states, such as Figure 1 As shown, Type ① belongs to the Type I revetment spur dike, which has the smallest aspect ratio and minimizes pressure on both sides of the dam. However, its recirculation zone is also the smallest. Type ② belongs to the Type II revetment spur dike, which has a smaller aspect ratio and minimizes pressure on both sides of the dam. However, its recirculation zone is also small. Type ③ belongs to the diversion type spur dike, which balances structural stability with the size of the recirculation zone while directing water flow into the main channel, reducing riverbank erosion. Type ④ belongs to the composite diversion type spur dike, which balances structural stability with an increased recirculation zone, directing water flow into the main channel, thereby protecting riverbanks and shoals from direct erosion. Types ⑤ and ⑥ belong to the hooked L-shaped spur dike, where water flow forms recirculation zones in front of and behind the dam. These relatively low flow rates significantly benefit the reproduction of aquatic life. They also promote sediment deposition, gradually raising the riverbed, filling and repairing the riverbed, increasing its erosion resistance, and stabilizing its bedform. Sensor detection data (water level, flow, fish migration rate, dam body pressure on the waterfront, dam head pressure, dissolved oxygen, etc.) are imported into the control center, which integrates all data and uses genetic algorithms to intelligently select the optimal spur dike shape at different times to cope with water flow conditions at different times.

[0038] The cross-section of the novel arc and trapezoidal composite function type spur dam is composed of an arc dam head and a trapezoidal dam body tangent to the arc dam head. The arc-shaped structure of the novel arc and trapezoidal composite spur dam has less resistance to water flow, a smooth surface without obvious edges and corners, which reduces the frictional resistance of the water flow, reduces energy loss, and alleviates the impact on the structure. At the same time, it exhibits better stability. The arc-shaped structure is not easy to tilt or displace under the action of water flow, effectively maintaining its position and shape, and resisting water erosion. In addition, the surface of the arc-shaped structure of the dam head of the novel arc and trapezoidal composite function type spur dam is more wear-resistant, and the contact area between the mud and debris in the water flow and the surface of the structure is smaller, resulting in weaker friction, thereby reducing the possibility of surface wear and damage.

[0039] Based on this, a new intelligently controlled variable-type spur dike, combining arc and trapezoidal shapes, was proposed. This spur dike can automatically adjust to one of six possible configurations based on actual project flow conditions. During the fish migration period, the dike's aspect ratio is increased to create a hooked L-shaped spur dike, increasing the return flow area and providing breeding conditions for fish. During the Yellow River flood season, the dike's aspect ratio is reduced to create a revetment spur dike to protect the riverbank from erosion. Dam pressure sensors monitor the dam in real time to determine if there is a risk of structural collapse. Sensor data (water level in front of the dam, flow rate, fish migration rate, dam pressure on the upstream side, dam head pressure, and dissolved oxygen) is fed into the control center. This data is integrated using a genetic algorithm to intelligently select the optimal spur dike configuration for each specific period of time, tailored to the flow conditions.

[0040] 2. The cross-sectional shape characteristics of the new arc and trapezoidal composite function type spur dike are as follows.

[0041] The water flow direction is the positive x direction, and the cross-sectional function expression of the novel arc and trapezoidal composite function type spur dike is shown as: (1), For the spur dike structure, if the spur dike length L is known, the arc radius is r, and the arc center angle is , change y=L,x= Substituting into formula (1), we can get the calculation method of spur dike width B: (2), For the spur dike structure, if the spur dike width B is known, the arc radius is r, and the arc center angle is , change y=L,x= Substituting into formula (1), we can get the calculation method of spur dike length L: (3), For the spur dike structure, if the spur dike width B and spur dike length L are known, the arc center angle is , change y=L,x= Substituting into formula (1), we can get the calculation method of parameter r: (4), Through the above formula, we can change the and , transforming into different forms of spur dikes.

[0042] When the diameter ratio When the parameter =30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, the shape of the spur is as follows Figure 5 As shown; When the diameter ratio When the parameter =30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, the shape of the spur is as follows Figure 6 As shown; When the diameter ratio When the parameter =30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, the shape of the spur is as follows Figure 7 shown.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following characteristics: (1) Compared with common trapezoidal and L-shaped spur dike structures, the spur dike proposed in the present invention has a smooth change in direction when the water flows along the surface of the spur dike structure, which reduces the generation of turbulence and eddy currents. (2) In terms of stress characteristics, the spur dike of the present invention is subjected to more uniform stress under water flow, and the impact force is evenly distributed along the arc surface, so that the pressure on each part of the structure is more balanced and the stability is better.

[0044] (3) The spur dike of the present invention reduces sedimentation, thereby reducing the risk of structural erosion caused by sedimentation.

[0045] The new intelligently controlled arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike has the following features: (4) The present invention can select the spur dike shape that adapts to the current river environment according to different periods.

[0046] (5) The present invention adjusts different structures by using the data from the dam body pressure detector, thus avoiding the risk of the spur dam being collapsed.

[0047] (6) Compared with the traditional spur dike, which has the characteristics of bank protection, water flow control and navigation, the present invention takes into account the ecological environment protection through the detection of fish migration rate and dissolved oxygen.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A new intelligently controlled arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike structure, characterized in that: include: Arc dam head, the arc dam head is a hollow arc structure, and its central angle is , with a radius of r; A trapezoidal dam body, the trapezoidal dam body being tangentially connected to the circular arc dam head, comprising a symmetrically arranged upstream dam face and downstream dam face, with the distal end of the trapezoidal dam body being connected to the river bank; The intelligent control system includes a sensor group, a control center and an actuator. The sensor group is used to collect water flow parameters and ecological parameters. The control center generates control instructions based on a genetic algorithm model. The actuator drives the circular arc dam head and the trapezoidal dam body to move to adjust the shape of the spur dike.

2. The novel intelligently controlled arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The composite cross-sectional function expression of the circular arc dam head and trapezoidal dam body is: ， Where, 、 is the coefficient; x is the horizontal coordinate in the direction of water flow, and y is the vertical coordinate in the direction perpendicular to the river bank.

3. The novel intelligently controlled arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sensor group includes: Water level and flow sensors are arranged in the river channel in front of the dam; Fish migration rate sensor, placed in the spur dike return flow area; Dam body pressure sensors are respectively arranged on the upstream dam surface and the arc dam head; Dissolved oxygen sensors are placed in the waters upstream and downstream of the spur dike.

4. The novel intelligently controlled arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The executive mechanism comprises: The dam head moving track is laid perpendicular to the river bank and drives the dam head up and down to change the central angle ; The dam body rotation drive shaft is arranged at the connection between the dam body and the dam head, controlling the dam body to rotate clockwise / counterclockwise to adjust the angle between the dam body and the dam head. .

5. The novel intelligently controlled arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The spur dikes include hook L-type, bank protection type and diversion type. Angle with the center of the circle Achieve aspect ratio dynamic changes.

6. The novel intelligently controlled arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike structure according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The shape of the hook L-shaped spur dike is: the length-to-width ratio , central angle , used to expand the return flow area during the migration period; The shape of the bank protection type spur dike is: length-to-width ratio , central angle , used to reduce the water-facing area of ​​the dam during flood season; The diversion type spur dam has the following shape: the dam head is moved forward 5-8m, and the central angle is , used to increase the river depth during the navigation period.

7. A novel intelligently controlled arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The genetic algorithm model includes: An input layer receives real-time data, including water level, flow, fish migration rate, dam pressure, and dissolved oxygen; Output layer, output dam head displacement h and dam body rotation angle ,in , , l To fix the dam length; Objective function: ,in F is the objective function value, α , β , γ is a weight coefficient that can be automatically adjusted according to the season, corresponding to the importance of P, E, and S in the objective function respectively; P is the dam pressure safety factor, reflecting the safety performance of the spur dike structure; E is an ecological index that comprehensively reflects the ecological environment status of the water area where the spur dike is located, and is used to evaluate the impact of the spur dike operation on the ecology; S is the navigable water depth maintenance rate, reflecting the spur dike's ability to ensure the navigable water depth.

8. A new intelligent control method for designing a circular arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike structure, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Establish a coordinate system with the highest point of the arc dam head as the origin and define the central angle With radius r as the design variable, a piecewise function model is constructed: ， Where, 、 is the coefficient; x is the horizontal coordinate in the direction of water flow, and y is the vertical coordinate in the direction perpendicular to the river bank; Step 2: Based on the flow conditions of the target water area and the cross-sectional shape characteristics of the new arc and trapezoidal composite function type spur dike, the cross-sectional model of the spur dike is solved to obtain the solution formulas for the spur dike length L and the spur dike width B: ， ； Step 3: Analyze the shape change of the new arc and trapezoidal composite function spur dike, and adjust the center angle according to the flow conditions of the on-site hydraulic engineering. The length-to-width ratio of the spur dike is optimized with respect to the radius r to minimize the flow resistance and to homogenize the structural stress.

9. The design method of a novel intelligently controlled circular arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike structure according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The following steps are also included: When the width B and length L of the spur dike are known, the formula Reverse calculate the arc radius r.

10. A river regulation method, characterized in that: By adopting the novel intelligent control circular arc and trapezoidal composite variable spur dike structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, the shape of the spur dike is dynamically adjusted to increase the area of ​​the return flow zone to 1.5 times that of a conventional spur dike during the fish migration period, and reduce the dam body pressure by more than 30% during the flood season.

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