Energy storage system

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an energy storage system, comprising: a housing configured to contain a cooling fluid; a battery cell inside the case to contact the cooling fluid; a supply port connected to the housing for supplying a cooling fluid to the interior of the housing; a first discharge port connected to the housing for discharging the cooling fluid from an interior of the housing; and a second discharge port connected to the housing at a position lower than the first discharge port. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, during thermal runaway of the battery cells, the case vent may reduce or prevent the possibility that the internal pressure of the case increases to greater than or equal to the bursting pressure of the case.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] One aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure relates to an energy storage system. Background Art

[0002] Generally speaking, an energy storage system (ESS) is a device that can store surplus electricity or electricity generated using renewable energy. An ESS can be constructed by mounting multiple battery modules in a rack, with the racks housed in a container. Battery modules can be constructed by assembling multiple electrically connected secondary batteries into various configurations.

[0003] Energy storage system cooling methods can be categorized as air cooling or water cooling. Unlike air cooling, which can result in large temperature variations between battery cells and generate locally high-temperature zones, water cooling offers the advantages of achieving target temperature management and effective cooling control. However, in water-cooled energy storage systems, because the battery cells are located inside a closed container, there is a risk of accidents if a battery cell ignites, such as explosions caused by excessive internal pressure increases.

[0004] The above information disclosed in the art forming the background of the present disclosure is only intended to improve understanding of the background of the present disclosure and therefore may include information that does not constitute related art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present disclosure aims to provide an energy storage system that can reduce or prevent the possibility of accidents caused by internal pressure increase during thermal runaway of a battery cell.

[0006] These and other aspects of the present disclosure will be described in, or will be apparent from, the following description of some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an energy storage system, comprising: a housing configured to accommodate a cooling fluid; a battery cell within the housing to contact the cooling fluid; a supply port connected to the housing for supplying the cooling fluid to the interior of the housing; a first discharge port connected to the housing for discharging the cooling fluid from the interior of the housing; and a second discharge port connected to the housing at a position lower than the first discharge port.

[0008] A distance from a bottom surface of the case to the first discharge port may be smaller than a distance from the bottom surface of the case to an upper surface of the battery cell.

[0009] A ratio of a distance from the bottom surface of the case to the first discharge port to a distance from the bottom surface of the case to an upper surface of the battery cell may be between about 0.8 and about 0.9.

[0010] A ratio of a distance from the bottom surface of the case to the second discharge port to a distance from the bottom surface of the case to an upper surface of the battery cell may be between about 0.4 and about 0.5.

[0011] The supply port may be at a lower position than the second exhaust port.

[0012] The energy storage system may further include: a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of the battery cell; and a controller configured to control operations of the supply port, the first exhaust port, and the second exhaust port based on the temperature of the battery cell.

[0013] The controller may be configured to open the first exhaust port and close the second exhaust port when a temperature of the battery cell is lower than or equal to a first temperature.

[0014] The first temperature may be about 60° C. or higher and about 70° C. or lower.

[0015] The controller may be configured to open the second exhaust port and close the first exhaust port when a temperature of the battery cell is higher than or equal to a second temperature, the second temperature being higher than the first temperature.

[0016] The second temperature may be about 150° C. or higher and about 200° C. or lower.

[0017] The energy storage system may further include a case vent connected to the case and configured to open when an internal pressure of the case increases above a threshold pressure.

[0018] The controller may be configured to open the supply port and close the first exhaust port and the second exhaust port when the housing vent is opened.

[0019] The energy storage system may further include a pressure sensor configured to detect an internal pressure of the housing, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether the housing vent is open based on the internal pressure of the housing.

[0020] The energy storage system may further include a level sensor configured to detect a level of the cooling fluid within the housing, wherein the controller is configured to adjust a flow rate of the cooling fluid into the housing through the supply port based on the level of the cooling fluid.

[0021] The controller may be configured to adjust the flow rate of cooling fluid into the housing to a first flow rate when the housing vent is opened.

[0022] The controller may be configured to adjust the flow rate of the cooling fluid into the housing to a second flow rate less than the first flow rate when the level of the cooling fluid is greater than or equal to the distance from the bottom surface of the housing to the upper surface of the battery cell.

[0023] The first flow rate may be about 3 liters per minute (LPM), wherein the second flow rate is about 1.5 liters per minute (LPM). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The accompanying drawings attached to this specification illustrate some embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the detailed description of the present disclosure, further describe aspects and features of the present disclosure. However, the present disclosure should not be construed as being limited to the accompanying drawings:

[0025] The above and other aspects of the present disclosure will become more apparent to those skilled in the art by describing in detail embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0026] Figure 1 A diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of an energy storage system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 2 is a perspective view schematically illustrating a configuration of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a configuration of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 4 is an enlarged view schematically illustrating the configuration of a supply port, a first exhaust port, and a second exhaust port according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 5 A diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of a circulation member according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 6 and Figure 7 is a block diagram schematically illustrating the configuration of a temperature sensor and a controller according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 8 and Figure 9 A diagram schematically illustrating an operation process of an energy storage system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 10 A diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 11 A diagram schematically illustrating the operation of an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 12A diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 13 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure; and

[0037] Figures 14 to 16 The diagram schematically illustrates the operation of the energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] By referring to the detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, it is easier to understand the various aspects of some embodiments of the present disclosure and the methods for implementing these aspects. The described embodiments are provided as examples so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete and the various aspects of the present disclosure will be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. Therefore, redundant, irrelevant or unrelated to the description of the embodiments, or unnecessary processes, elements and techniques for a person of ordinary skill in the art to fully understand the various aspects of the present disclosure may be omitted. Unless otherwise specified, throughout the accompanying drawings and written descriptions, the same figure numerals, characters or combinations thereof represent the same elements, and therefore, repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted.

[0039] The described embodiments may have various modifications and may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments illustrated herein. The use of "can," "may," or "may not" in describing embodiments corresponds to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0040] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that, in view of the present disclosure as a whole, the present disclosure covers all modifications, equivalents and replacements within the scope of the ideas and techniques of the present disclosure, each of the features of the embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other in part or in whole, and various technical interactions and operations are possible, and each embodiment may be implemented independently of each other, or may be implemented together in an associated manner, unless otherwise stated or implied.

[0041] In the accompanying drawings, the relative sizes of elements, layers, and regions may be exaggerated for clarity and / or descriptive purposes. Various embodiments are described herein with reference to cross-sectional views, which are schematic illustrations of embodiments and / or intermediate structures. As such, variations from the illustrated shapes may be expected due to, for example, manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Further, for the purpose of describing embodiments according to the concepts of the present disclosure, the specific structural or functional descriptions disclosed herein are merely illustrative. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed herein should not be interpreted as being limited to the shapes of the illustrated elements, layers, or regions, but should include shape deviations caused by, for example, manufacturing.

[0042] For ease of explanation, spatial relative terms, such as "below", "below", "down", "downside", "below", "above", "upper" and the like may be used in this article to describe the relationship between an element or feature and another element or feature as illustrated in the figure. It will be understood that, in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures, spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, if the device in the figure is turned over, the elements or features described as being "below", "below" or "below" other elements or features will be oriented as being "above" other elements or features. Therefore, the exemplary terms "below" and "below" can encompass both above and below orientations. The device can be oriented in other ways (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptors used in this article should be interpreted accordingly. Similarly, when a first part is described as being arranged "on" a second part, this means that the first part is arranged on the upper or lower side of the second part based on the direction of gravity, and is not limited to its upper side.

[0043] Further, the phrase "in a schematic cross-sectional view" means a schematic cross-section obtained by vertically cutting an object portion as viewed from the side. The term "overlapping" or "overlapped" means that the first object can be above, below or to the side of the second object, and vice versa. In addition, the term "overlapping" may include stacking, facing or facing, extending, covering or partially covering or any other suitable term that a person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize and understand. The expression "non-overlapping" may include meanings such as "separate", "set aside" or "offset" and any other suitable equivalents that a person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize and understand. The terms "facing" and "facing" may mean that the first object can be directly or indirectly opposite to the second object. In the case where a third object is between the first object and the second object, the first object and the second object can be understood to be indirectly opposite to each other, although still facing each other.

[0044] It will be understood that when an element, layer, region, or component is referred to as being "formed on," "on" another element, layer, region, or component, "connected to," or "(operatively or communicatively) coupled to" another element, layer, region, or component, it may be directly formed on, on, connected to, or coupled to another element, layer, region, or component, or it may be indirectly formed on, on, connected to, or coupled to another element, layer, region, or component, such that there may be one or more intervening elements, layers, regions, or components. Additionally, this may be collectively referred to as being directly or indirectly coupled or connected, and integrally or non-integrally coupled or connected. For example, when a layer, region, or component is referred to as being "electrically connected" or "electrically coupled" to another layer, region, or component, it may be directly electrically connected or coupled to the other layer, region, and / or component, or there may be one or more intervening layers, regions, or components. The one or more intervening components may include switches, resistors, and / or capacitors, etc. When describing the embodiments, expressions of connection refer to electrical connection unless explicitly described as direct connection, and “directly connected / directly coupled” or “directly on” means that one component is directly connected or coupled to another component, or is on another component, without intervening components.

[0045] In addition, in this specification, when a part of a layer, film, region, plate, etc. is formed on another part, the formation direction is not limited to the upward direction, but includes forming the part on the side surface or in the downward direction. Conversely, when a part of a layer, film, region, plate, etc. is formed "below" another part, this includes not only the case where the part is "directly below" the other part, but also the case where there is another additional part between the part and the other part. At the same time, other expressions describing the relationship between components, such as "between", "immediately between" or "adjacent" and "directly adjacent", can also be interpreted similarly. It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "between" two elements or layers, it may be the only element or layer between the two elements or layers, or one or more intervening elements or layers may also be present.

[0046] For purposes of this disclosure, expressions such as “at least one of,” “any one of,” or “one or more of,” when preceding / following a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements in the list. For example, “at least one of X, Y, and Z,” “at least one selected from the group consisting of X, Y, and Z” may be interpreted as X only, Y only, Z only, any combination of two or more of X, Y, and Z, such as, for example, XYZ, XYY, YZ, and ZZ, or any variation thereof. Similarly, the expression “at least one of A and B” may include A, B, or A and B. As used herein, “or” generally means “and / or,” and the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. For example, the expression “A and / or B” may include A, B, or A and B. Similarly, expressions such as “at least one of,” “a plurality of,” “one of,” and other prepositional phrases, when preceding / following a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements in the list. Unless otherwise indicated, when "C to D" is stated, it means C or more and D or less.

[0047] It will be understood that although the terms "first", "second" and "third" etc. can be used to describe various elements, components, areas, layers and / or sections in this article, these elements, components, areas, layers or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms do not correspond to a specific order, position or priority, and are only used to distinguish one element, component, component, area, region, layer, section or part from another element, component, component, area, region, layer, section or part. Therefore, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, the first element, component, area, layer or section described below may be referred to as the second element, component, area, layer or section. Describing an element as a "first" element may not require or imply the presence of a second element or other elements. The terms "first", "second" etc. may also be used to distinguish different categories or groups of elements in this article. For the sake of brevity, the terms "first", "second" etc. may respectively represent "first category (or first group)", "second category (or second group)" etc.

[0048] The terms used herein are for the purpose of describing the embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "a" and "an" are intended to include the plural forms, and the plural forms are intended to include the singular forms. It will be further understood that the terms "comprising," "having," and "including," when used in this specification, indicate the presence of recited features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0049] As used herein, the terms "substantially," "about," "approximately," and similar terms are used as terms of approximation rather than terms of degree, and are intended to illustrate the inherent deviations in measured or calculated values ​​that one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize. For example, "substantially" may include a range of + / - 5% of the corresponding value. As used herein, "about" or "approximately" includes the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviations from the particular value determined by one of ordinary skill in the art taking into account the measurement in question and the errors associated with the measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, "approximately" may mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±30%, ±20%, ±10%, ±5% of the stated value. Further, when describing embodiments of the present disclosure, the use of "may" refers to "one or more embodiments of the present disclosure."

[0050] Moreover, any numerical range disclosed and / or recorded in this article is intended to include all sub-ranges with the same numerical precision contained in the recorded range. For example, the range of "1.0~10.0" is intended to include all sub-ranges between the recorded minimum value 1.0 and the recorded maximum value 10.0 (and including 1.0 and 10.0), that is, a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0, such as, for example, 2.4~7.6. Any maximum numerical limit recorded in this article is intended to include all lower numerical limits contained therein, and any minimum numerical limit recorded in this specification is intended to include all higher numerical limits contained therein. Accordingly, the applicant reserves the right to amend this specification (including claims) to expressly set forth any sub-range contained in the range expressly set forth herein. All such ranges are intended to be inherently described in this specification so that modifications to any such sub-ranges explicitly enumerated will meet the requirements.

[0051] In some embodiments, known structures and devices may be described in the accompanying drawings with respect to one or more functional blocks (e.g., block diagrams), units and / or modules to avoid unnecessary confusion of various embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that such blocks, units and / or modules are physically implemented by logic circuits, individual components, microprocessors, hard-wired circuits, memory elements, line connections and other electronic circuits. This can be formed using semiconductor-based manufacturing techniques or other manufacturing techniques. Blocks, units and / or modules implemented by microprocessors or other similar hardware can be programmed and controlled using software to perform the various functions discussed herein, optionally driven by firmware and / or software. In addition, each block, unit and / or module can be implemented by a combination of dedicated hardware or by dedicated hardware that performs certain functions and a processor (e.g., one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuits) that performs functions different from those of the dedicated hardware. In addition, in some embodiments, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, blocks, units and / or modules can be physically separated into two or more interacting individual blocks, units and / or modules. Furthermore, in some embodiments, blocks, units, and / or modules may be physically combined into more complex blocks, units, and / or modules without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0052] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant technology and / or this specification, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly defined as such herein.

[0053] Figure 1 The diagram schematically illustrates a configuration of an energy storage system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0054] refer to Figure 1 , the energy storage system may include a housing 100 , a battery cell 200 , a supply port 300 , a first exhaust port 400 , and a second exhaust port 500 .

[0055] The case 100 may form a schematic appearance of the energy storage system, and may fully support the battery cells 200 , the supply port 300 , the first exhaust port 400 , and the second exhaust port 500 .

[0056] The cooling fluid C may be contained in the housing 100. The cooling fluid C may be a fluid that can cool the battery cells 200 by exchanging heat with the battery cells 200. For example, the cooling fluid C may include water, Novec TM Related refrigerants and non-conductive liquids (Novec TMis a registered trademark of 3M Company, Delaware, USA).

[0057] The case 100 may include a case body 110 and a cover 120 .

[0058] The housing body 110 may form the exterior of the lower side of the housing 100 and may provide a space for accommodating the cooling fluid C. For example, the housing body 110 may be formed in the shape of a box having an empty interior and an open upper side. The design of the height and area of ​​the housing body 110 may be changed in various ways according to the size and number of the battery cells 200, etc., which will be described below. The cooling fluid C may be accommodated in the housing body 110 at a certain height (e.g., a predetermined height). The height of the cooling fluid C may be lower than the height of the housing body 110. The internal space of the housing body 110 may be divided into a zone filled with the cooling fluid C and a chamber A not filled with the cooling fluid C. The interior of the chamber A may be filled with air and a portion of the cooling fluid C whose phase has changed to a gaseous state.

[0059] The cover 120 may form an exterior of an upper side of the case 100 and may allow opening or closing of an inner space of the case body 110. The cover 120 may be formed to have a plate shape and may face an upper surface of the case body 110.

[0060] The cover 120 may be detachably coupled to the housing body 110. For example, the cover 120 may be fixed to the upper surface of the housing body 110 by any type of coupling method, such as bolting, welding, or fitting.

[0061] The battery cell 200 may serve as a unit structure for storing and supplying power in an energy storage system.

[0062] Figure 2 is a perspective view schematically illustrating a configuration of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, and Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the configuration of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0063] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The battery cell 200 may include: at least one electrode assembly in which a positive electrode 11 and a negative electrode 12 are wound with a separator 13 as an insulator interposed therebetween; a cell case 20 in which the electrode assembly is embedded; and a cap assembly coupled to / at an opening of the cell case 20.

[0064] Hereinafter, an example in which the battery cell 200 is a lithium ion secondary battery and has a prismatic shape will be described. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the battery cell 200 may be a lithium polymer battery or a cylindrical battery.

[0065] The positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 may include a coated portion, which is a region where a current collector formed of a thin metal foil is coated with an active material, and uncoated portions 11 a , 12 a , which are regions where the current collector is not coated with the active material.

[0066] As mentioned, the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 may be wound with the separator 13 therebetween. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the electrode assembly may be formed to have a structure in which positive and negative electrodes made of a plurality of sheets are alternately stacked with the separator therebetween.

[0067] The cell case 20 may form the entire exterior of the battery cell 200 and may be made of a conductive metal such as aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or nickel-plated steel. Further, the cell case 20 may provide a space for accommodating an electrode assembly.

[0068] The cap assembly may include a cap plate 31 covering the opening of the cell case 20. The cell case 20 and the cap plate 31 may be made of a conductive material. The terminal 21 electrically connected to the positive electrode 11 or the negative electrode 12 may be installed to pass through the cap plate 31 and may protrude outward from the cap plate 31.

[0069] Further, the terminal 21 protruding outward from the cap plate 31 may be formed as a pair of terminals 21. The pair of terminals 21 may be connected to the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12, respectively, and may serve as the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of the battery cell 200, respectively. For example, the terminal 21 may be electrically connected to a current collector comprising a first current collector 40 and a second current collector 50 (hereinafter referred to as the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector) that are welded and bonded to the positive electrode uncoated portion 11a or the negative electrode uncoated portion 12a. For example, the positive electrode terminal 21 and the negative electrode terminal 21 may be welded and coupled to the positive electrode current collector 40 and the negative electrode current collector 50. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the positive electrode terminal 21 and the negative electrode terminal 21 and the positive electrode current collector 40 and the negative electrode current collector 50 may be formed by integrally coupling, respectively. The outer peripheral surface of the upper column of the terminal 21 may be threaded and fixed to the cap plate 31 with a nut.

[0070] However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the terminal 21 may have a riveted structure and may be rivetedly coupled to the cap plate 31 , or may be coupled to the cap plate 31 by welding.

[0071] Further, the cap plate 31 may be formed with a thin plate and may be coupled to or at the opening of the cell case 20. In the cap plate 31, an electrolyte injection port 32 may be formed to which a sealing stopper 33 may be mounted, and a vent 34 may be mounted to which a cutout 34a is formed.

[0072] The vent 34 may be opened or closed in response to changes in the internal pressure of the cell case 20. The vent 34 may be maintained in a closed state and may seal the cell case 20 during normal operation of the electrode assembly. If the internal pressure of the cell case 20 increases to a threshold value (e.g., a set value) or more due to overcharging, fire, etc., the vent 34 may be opened and may allow emissions such as flames and gases to be discharged from the interior of the cell case 20 to the outside of the cell case 20.

[0073] Further, an insulating member may be installed between the electrode assembly and the cap plate 31. The insulating member may include a first lower insulating member 60 and a second lower insulating member 70. Each of the first lower insulating member 60 and the second lower insulating member 70 may be installed between the electrode assembly and the cap plate 31.

[0074] Further, one end of a separation member that may be installed to face one side surface of the electrode assembly may be installed between the insulating member and the terminal 21 .

[0075] The separation member may include a first separation member 80 and a second separation member 90 .

[0076] Therefore, one ends of the first and second separating members 80 and 90 , which may be installed to face one side surface of the electrode assembly, may be installed between the first and second lower insulating members 60 and 70 and the positive and negative electrode terminals 21 , respectively.

[0077] Finally, the terminals 21 welded and coupled to the positive and negative electrode current collectors 40 and 50 , respectively, may be connected to the first and second lower insulating members 60 and 70 and to one ends of the first and second separating members 80 and 90 , respectively.

[0078] The battery cell 200 may be inside the housing 100 (e.g., inside the housing body 110). If the cooling fluid C is contained within the housing 100, the battery cell 200 may be immersed in the cooling fluid C. The battery cell 200 may be inside the housing body 110 so that the vent member 34 faces upward. The vent member 34 may be positioned coplanar with the upper surface of the battery cell 200. The lower surface of the battery cell 200 may be aligned with the bottom surface 101 (e.g., see FIG. 1 ) of the housing 100. Figure 1 The bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 may have the same configuration as the bottom surface of the housing body 110 .

[0079] The battery cell 200 may be provided as a plurality of battery cells 200. The plurality of battery cells 200 may be arranged in a plurality of columns within the housing body 110 in the width direction of the housing body 110. Hereinafter, an example will be described in which the plurality of battery cells 200 are arranged in two rows in the width direction of the housing body 110. The plurality of battery cells 200 provided in any one row may be arranged in a row in the longitudinal direction of the housing body 110.

[0080] Figure 4 is an enlarged view schematically illustrating the configuration of a supply port, a first exhaust port, and a second exhaust port according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0081] refer to Figure 4 The supply port 300 may be connected to the housing 100 and may allow the cooling fluid C to be supplied to the interior of the housing 100. The supply port 300 may be formed in the shape of a tube having a hollow interior and having two open sides. One side of the supply port 300 may be connected to the housing 100 (for example, to a side surface of the housing body 110) and may communicate with the interior space of the housing 100. The other side of the supply port 300 may protrude to the outside of the housing 100. The longitudinal direction of the supply port 300 may be parallel to the ground.

[0082] The supply port 300 can be configured to be open or closed. For example, the supply port 300 can include a supply valve 301 that opens or closes the interior space of the supply port 300. If the interior space of the supply port 300 is open, the supply valve 301 can allow the cooling fluid C to be transferred from the supply port 300 to the interior space of the housing 100. The supply valve 301 can adjust the flow rate of the cooling fluid C supplied to the interior space of the housing 100 by changing the open area of ​​the interior space of the supply port 300. If the interior space of the supply port 300 is closed, the supply valve 301 can block the cooling fluid C from being transferred from the supply port 300 to the interior space of the housing 100. Examples of the supply valve 301 can include any type of electronic valve that can open or close the interior space of the supply port 300 in response to an externally applied electrical signal, etc. In one or more embodiments, examples of the supply valve 301 can include any type of manual valve that can be manually operated by an operator to open or close the interior space of the supply port 300.

[0083] The first discharge port 400 may be connected to the housing 100 and may allow the cooling fluid C to be discharged from the inside of the housing 100 .

[0084] One side of the first discharge port 400 may be connected to the housing 100 (e.g., to a side surface of the housing body 110) and may communicate with the inner space of the housing 100. The other side of the first discharge port 400 may protrude to the outside of the housing 100. The first discharge port 400 may be substantially parallel to the supply port 300.

[0085] The first discharge port 400 can be configured to be open or closed. For example, the first discharge port 400 may include a first discharge valve 401 that opens or closes the interior space of the first discharge port 400. If the interior space of the first discharge port 400 is open, the first discharge valve 401 may allow the cooling fluid C to be transferred from the interior space of the housing 100 to the first discharge port 400. The first discharge valve 401 may adjust the flow rate of the cooling fluid C discharged from the housing 100 by varying the open area of ​​the interior space of the first discharge port 400. If the interior space of the first discharge port 400 is closed, the first discharge valve 401 may block the cooling fluid C from being transferred from the interior space of the housing 100 to the first discharge port 400. Examples of the first discharge valve 401 may include any type of electronic valve that can open or close the interior space of the first discharge port 400 in response to an externally applied electrical signal, etc. In one or more embodiments, examples of the first discharge valve 401 may include any type of manual valve that can be manually operated by an operator to open or close the interior space of the first discharge port 400.

[0086] A distance L1 from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the first discharge port 400 may be smaller than a distance L from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the upper surface of the battery cell 200. c The distance L1 from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the first discharge port 400 may be a vertical distance from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the central axis C1 of the first discharge port 400 (eg, see Figure 4 ). Further, the distance L c It may be a vertical distance from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the upper surface of the battery cell 200 .

[0087] The distance L1 from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the first discharge port 400 and the distance L from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the upper surface of the battery cell 200 are equal. c The ratio L1 / L c The central axis C1 of the first discharge port 400 may be located at a position of about 80% to about 90% of the height of the battery cell 200. Even if the first discharge port 400 is opened to circulate the cooling fluid C, the liquid level of the cooling fluid C may be maintained at about 80% to about 90% of the height of the battery cell 200, and the battery cell 200 may be cooled with sufficient efficiency.

[0088] The second discharge port 500 may be connected to the housing 100 and may allow the cooling fluid C to be discharged from the interior of the housing 100 independently of the first discharge port 400. One side of the second discharge port 500 may be connected to the housing 100 (e.g., to a side surface of the housing body 110) and may communicate with the interior space of the housing 100. The other side of the second discharge port 500 may protrude to the outside of the housing 100. The second discharge port 500 may be substantially parallel to the supply port 300.

[0089] The second exhaust port 500 can be configured to be open or closed. For example, the second exhaust port 500 can include a second exhaust valve 501 that opens or closes the interior space of the second exhaust port 500. If the interior space of the second exhaust port 500 is open, the second exhaust valve 501 allows the cooling fluid C to be transferred from the interior space of the housing 100 to the second exhaust port 500. The second exhaust valve 501 can adjust the flow rate of the cooling fluid C discharged from the housing 100 by changing the open area of ​​the interior space of the second exhaust port 500. If the interior space of the second exhaust port 500 is closed, the second exhaust valve 501 can block the cooling fluid C from being transferred from the interior space of the housing 100 to the second exhaust port 500. Examples of the second exhaust valve 501 may include any type of electronic valve that can open or close the interior space of the second exhaust port 500 in response to an externally applied electrical signal, etc. In one or more embodiments, examples of the second exhaust valve 501 may include any type of manual valve that can be manually operated by an operator to open or close the interior space of the second exhaust port 500.

[0090] The second discharge port 500 may be located lower than the first discharge port 400. For example, the distance L2 from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the second discharge port 500 is equal to the distance L from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the upper surface of the battery cell 200. c The ratio L2 / L c It may be in the range of about 0.4 to about 0.5. The distance L2 from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the second discharge port 500 may be the vertical distance from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the center axis C2 of the second discharge port 500. The center axis C2 of the second discharge port 500 may be located at a position of about 40% to about 50% of the height of the battery cell 200. If the temperature of the battery cell 200 increases, the second discharge port 500 may be opened and the liquid level of the cooling fluid C may be lowered to about 40% to about 50% of the height of the battery cell 200. The second discharge port 500 may expand the volume of the chamber A before thermal runaway of the battery cell 200 occurs. If thermal runaway of the battery cell 200 occurs, the second discharge port 500 may reduce or prevent damage to the housing 100 caused by an excessive increase in the internal pressure of the chamber A.

[0091] The supply port 300 may be located lower than the second exhaust port 500. For example, a distance L3 from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the supply port 300 may be less than a distance L2 from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the second exhaust port 500. The distance L3 from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the supply port 300 may be a vertical distance from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the central axis C3 of the supply port 300. The temperature of the supply port 300 may be increased through heat exchange with the battery cell 200, and the supply port 300 may guide the upwardly moving cooling fluid C to be quickly introduced into the first exhaust port 400 or the second exhaust port 500.

[0092] Figure 5 is a view schematically illustrating a configuration of a circulation member according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0093] refer to Figure 5 The energy storage system may further include a circulation member 600. The circulation member 600 may function as a component for circulating the cooling fluid C supplied to or discharged from the housing 100. The circulation member 600 may include a circulation line 610, a refrigerator 620, and a pump 630.

[0094] The circulation line 610 can be connected to the supply port 300, the first exhaust port 400, and the second exhaust port 500, and can guide the flow of the cooling fluid C outside the housing 100. The circulation line 610 can be formed in the shape of a tube with a hollow interior. One end portion of the circulation line 610 can be connected to the other side of the supply port 300 that protrudes outside the housing 100 and can communicate with the interior space of the supply port 300. The other end portion of the circulation line 610 can be connected to the other side of the first exhaust port 400 and / or the second exhaust port 500 that protrudes outside the housing 100 and can communicate with the interior space of the first exhaust port 400 and / or the second exhaust port 500. The other end portion of the circulation line 610 can be branched into a pair of portions, and the pair of portions can be connected to the first exhaust port 400 and the second exhaust port 500, respectively. In one or more embodiments, a storage tank that stores the cooling fluid C and replenishes the cooling fluid C in the circulation line 610 or recovers the cooling fluid C from the circulation line 610 may be connected to the circulation line 610 .

[0095] The refrigerator 620 may be connected to the circulation line 610 and may cool the cooling fluid C flowing through the circulation line 610. Examples of the refrigerator 620 may include any type of heat exchange device that may cool the cooling fluid C flowing through the circulation line 610 through heat exchange with external air or a separate refrigerant.

[0096] The pump 630 may be connected to the circulation line 610 and may flow the cooling fluid C introduced into the circulation line 610 from the first discharge port 400 and / or the second discharge port 500 toward the supply port 300 or pump the cooling fluid C introduced into the circulation line 610 from the first discharge port 400 and / or the second discharge port 500 toward the supply port 300. Examples of the pump 630 may include any type of power unit that may receive power from the outside and may provide fluid force to the cooling fluid C flowing through the circulation line 610.

[0097] Figure 6 and Figure 7 FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating the configuration of a temperature sensor and a controller according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0098] refer to Figures 1 to 6 , the energy storage system may further include a temperature sensor 710 and a controller (eg, control unit) 800 .

[0099] The temperature sensor 710 may include any type of detection unit that can detect the temperature of the battery cells 200, such as a thermistor, an infrared sensor, etc. The temperature sensor 710 may be inside or outside the housing 100. The temperature sensor 710 may detect the temperatures of the plurality of battery cells 200 individually.

[0100] The controller 800 may generally control the operation of the supply port 300 , the first exhaust port 400 , and the second exhaust port 500 .

[0101] For example, the controller 800 may open or close the supply port 300, the first exhaust port 400, and the second exhaust port 500 based on data detected by the temperature sensor 710. For example, the controller 800 may control the operation of the supply valve 301, the first exhaust valve 401, and / or the second exhaust valve 501 to individually open or close the supply port 300, the first exhaust port 400, and / or the second exhaust port 500. The controller 800 may control the operation of the supply valve 301, the first exhaust valve 401, and / or the second exhaust valve 501 to block the flow of the cooling fluid C through the supply port 300, the first exhaust port 400, and / or the second exhaust port 500, or to adjust the magnitude of the flow rate of the cooling fluid C through the supply port 300, the first exhaust port 400, and / or the second exhaust port 500.

[0102] refer to Figure 7 The controller 800 may be connected to the circulation member 600 and may control the operation of the circulation member 600. For example, the controller 800 may control the on / off or output of the pump 630 to adjust the flow rate of the cooling fluid C passing through the supply port 300, the first exhaust port 400, and / or the second exhaust port 500.

[0103] The controller 800 may be implemented as an electronic control unit (ECU), a central processing unit (CPU), a processor, or a system on a chip (SoC), and may control multiple hardware or software components by running an operating system or application program, and may process and calculate various data. The controller 800 may be configured to execute at least one command stored in a memory and may store the result data of the execution in the memory.

[0104] The controller 800 may include a communication device that can establish a communication connection with an external server or another controller 800 and can send or receive data through the established communication connection. The communication device may be implemented as communication method, communication method, A device that performs wireless communication connection using any of the communication method and the near field communication (NFC) method, or a device that performs wired communication via a cable or the like ( is a registered trademark of Bluetooth SIG, Inc., Kirkland, WA. is a registered trademark of the non-profit Wi-Fi Alliance, and is a registered trademark of the Connection Standards Alliance, CA).

[0105] Hereinafter, operations of the energy storage system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure will be described.

[0106] Figure 8 and Figure 9 The diagram schematically illustrates an operation process of an energy storage system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0107] refer to Figure 8 , if the battery cell 200 operates normally, the controller 800 may open the first discharge port 400 .

[0108] The controller 800 may determine whether the battery cell 200 operates normally based on the temperature value of the battery cell 200 detected by the temperature sensor 710 .

[0109] For example, if the temperature of the battery cell 200 is lower than or equal to a first temperature (e.g., a first set temperature), the controller 800 may determine that the battery cell 200 is operating normally. In one or more embodiments where the battery cell 200 is formed as a plurality of battery cells 200, if the temperature of all of the plurality of battery cells 200 is lower than or equal to the first temperature, the controller 800 may determine that each battery cell 200 is operating normally. The first temperature may be greater than or equal to approximately 60° C. and less than or equal to approximately 70° C.

[0110] If it is determined that the battery cell 200 operates normally, the controller 800 may open the first exhaust port 400 and close the second exhaust port 500. In this case, the controller 800 may open the supply port 300.

[0111] The cooling fluid C may be supplied into the housing 100 through the supply port 300 , discharged from the housing 100 through the first discharge port 400 , and circulated.

[0112] If a ratio L1 / Lc of a distance L1 from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the first discharge port 400 to a distance Lc from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the upper surface of the battery cell 200 is set to about 0.8 to about 0.9, the liquid level of the cooling fluid C can be maintained at more than about 80% of the height of the battery cell 200. The first discharge port 400 can reduce or prevent deterioration in the cooling performance of the battery cell 200.

[0113] If the temperature of the battery cell 200 is higher than or equal to a second temperature (e.g., a second set temperature), the controller 800 may determine that the battery cell 200 is operating abnormally. In one or more embodiments where the battery cell 200 is formed as a plurality of battery cells 200, if the temperature of any one of the plurality of battery cells 200 is higher than or equal to a second temperature, the controller 800 may determine that the respective battery cell 200 is operating abnormally. The second temperature may be greater than or equal to approximately 150° C. and less than or equal to approximately 200° C.

[0114] If it is determined that the battery cell 200 is abnormally operating, the controller 800 may open the second exhaust port 500 and may close the first exhaust port 400. In this case, the controller 800 may open the supply port 300.

[0115] Since the second discharge port 500 is located at a lower position than the first discharge port 400 , if the second discharge port 500 is opened, the liquid level of the cooling fluid C may be lowered.

[0116] For example, if the distance L2 from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the second discharge port 500 is equal to the distance L from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the upper surface of the battery cell 200, c The ratio L2 / L c When the value is set to about 0.4 to about 0.5, the liquid level of the cooling fluid C can be reduced to less than about 50% of the height of the battery cell 200 .

[0117] The controller 800 can reduce the liquid level of the cooling fluid C and can expand the volume of the chamber A before thermal runaway of the battery cell 200 occurs. If thermal runaway of the battery cell 200 occurs, the controller 800 can reduce or prevent damage to the housing 100 by reducing an increase in the internal pressure of the housing 100 caused by gas discharged from the vent 34, etc.

[0118] Hereinafter, an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure will be described.

[0119] Figure 10 A diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0120] refer to Figure 10 , the energy storage system can be configured to Figures 1 to 9 The energy storage system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure further includes a housing vent 900 .

[0121] When describing the energy storage system, only the housing exhaust member 900 that is not described in the energy storage system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below.

[0122] The description of the energy storage system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure may be directly applied to the remaining components of the energy storage system according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0123] The housing vent 900 can be connected to the housing 100 and can open if the internal pressure of the housing 100 (e.g., the pressure of chamber A) increases above a corresponding pressure. If the housing vent 900 is opened, chamber A can communicate with the external space of the housing 100. In one or more embodiments, the housing vent 900 can be used as a component that provides a path through which gas, smoke, flame, etc. emitted from the battery cell 200 are discharged to the outside of the housing 100 if thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell 200. The design of the threshold pressure (e.g., set pressure) at which the housing vent 900 opens can be varied in various ways within a range where the threshold pressure is less than the internal pressure of chamber A when the housing body 110 and the cover 120 rupture. If the internal pressure of chamber A increases due to thermal runaway of the battery cell 200, the housing vent 900 can rupture before the housing 100 ruptures, thereby reducing or preventing damage to the housing 100.

[0124] For example, the housing vent 900 may be mounted on the upper side of the housing 100 (e.g., the lid 120). If the internal pressure of chamber A is lower than or equal to a threshold pressure, the housing vent 900 may remain closed and may seal chamber A. If the internal pressure of chamber A increases above the threshold pressure, the housing vent 900 itself may rupture and open chamber A. In one or more embodiments, the housing vent 90 may include a cutout formed to have a thickness smaller than that of the housing body 110 and the lid 120, or formed to guide rupture, so that the housing vent 900 may rupture at a pressure less than the internal pressure of chamber A when the housing body 100 and the lid 120 rupture.

[0125] Hereinafter, operations of the energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure will be described.

[0126] Figure 11 A diagram schematically illustrating the operation of an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0127] refer to Figure 9 and Figure 11 , before the battery cell 200 may explode, the controller 800 may open the second discharge port 500 to reduce the liquid level of the cooling fluid C and increase the volume of the chamber A.

[0128] Due to this increase in the volume of the chamber A, if the battery cell 200 explodes, an increase in the internal pressure of the chamber A may be reduced.

[0129] However, if the explosion pressure of the battery cell 200 is higher than expected, or if a plurality of battery cells 200 explode successively, the pressure of the chamber A may increase to be greater than or equal to the rupture pressure of the case 100 even if the second discharge port 500 is opened.

[0130] In this case, if the pressure of the chamber A increases above a threshold pressure, the case vent 900 may form a path where the case vent 900 ruptures before the case 100 , and gas emitted from the battery cell 200 and the like is discharged from the chamber A.

[0131] Gas emitted from the battery cells 200 may be discharged to the outside of the case 100 , and the pressure of the chamber A may drop below a threshold pressure.

[0132] Hereinafter, an energy storage system according to still one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure will be described.

[0133] Figure 12 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure, and Figure 13 A block diagram schematically illustrates the configuration of an energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0134] refer to Figure 12 and Figure 13 , the energy storage system can be configured to Figure 10 and Figure 11 The energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure further includes a pressure sensor 720 and a liquid level sensor 730 .

[0135] When describing the energy storage system, only the operations of the pressure sensor 720 , the liquid level sensor 730 , and the controller 800 communicating therewith, which are not described above, will be described below.

[0136] The pressure sensor 720 may include any type of detection unit that can detect the internal pressure of the housing 100 (e.g., the pressure of the chamber A), such as a strain gauge, a capacitive pressure sensor, a potentiometric pressure sensor, a piezoelectric pressure sensor, a silicon pressure sensor, etc. The pressure sensor 720 may be inside or outside the housing 100.

[0137] The liquid level sensor 730 may include any type of detection unit that can detect the liquid level of the cooling fluid C, such as an ultrasonic liquid level sensor, a microwave liquid level sensor, a capacitance liquid level sensor, a pressure-type liquid level sensor, etc. The liquid level sensor 730 may continuously or intermittently detect the liquid level of the cooling fluid C. The liquid level sensor 730 may be inside or outside the housing 100.

[0138] The controller 800 may determine whether the case vent 900 is open based on data detected by the pressure sensor 720 .

[0139] If it is determined that the housing vent 900 is open, the controller 800 may control the operation of the supply port 300, the first exhaust port 400, the second exhaust port 500, and the circulation member 600 based on the data detected by the liquid level sensor 730 to adjust the flow rate of the cooling fluid C supplied to the housing 100, and may increase the liquid level of the cooling fluid C. If thermal runaway of the battery cell 200 occurs, the controller 800 may achieve fire extinguishing performance by increasing the liquid level of the cooling fluid C.

[0140] Figures 14 to 16 The diagram schematically illustrates the operation of the energy storage system according to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0141] Figures 14 to 16 The operations illustrated in the example can be performed Figure 8 、 Figure 9 and Figure 11 The operations described in are performed after (eg, sequentially).

[0142] The pressure sensor 720 detects the internal pressure of the housing 100 (eg, the pressure of the chamber A) before and after the housing vent 900 is opened.

[0143] The pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 720 may reach a threshold pressure (eg, a set pressure) before the case vent 900 opens, and then may decrease to a pressure lower than the threshold pressure after the case vent 900 opens.

[0144] In this manner, if the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 720 decreases after reaching the threshold pressure, the controller 800 may determine that the case vent 900 is open.

[0145] If it is determined that the case exhaust 900 is open, the controller 800 may open the supply port 300 and may close the first and second exhaust ports 400 and 500 to increase the liquid level of the cooling fluid C.

[0146] In this process, the controller 800 may adjust the flow rate of the cooling fluid C supplied into the housing 100 through the supply port 300 based on data detected by the liquid level sensor 730 .

[0147] For example, if the housing vent 900 is open, the controller 800 may adjust the flow rate of the cooling fluid C supplied to the housing 100 through the supply port 300 to a first flow rate. In this case, the controller 800 may adjust the flow rate of the cooling fluid C supplied to the housing 100 to the first flow rate by controlling the operation of the supply valve 301 or the operation of the pump 630. The first flow rate may be, for example, approximately 3 liters per minute (LPM). In one or more embodiments, the controller 800 may control the flow rate of the cooling fluid C supplied to the housing 100 in real time based on data detected by a flow rate sensor separately installed in the housing 100 or the supply port 300.

[0148] Thereafter, if the liquid level of the cooling fluid C rises to a distance L from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the upper surface of the battery cell 200 c , the cooling fluid C may be introduced into the vent 34 and the fire in the battery cell 200 may be extinguished.

[0149] If the liquid level of the cooling fluid C rises to a distance L from the bottom surface 101 of the housing 100 to the upper surface of the battery cell 200 c The controller 800 may adjust the flow rate of the cooling fluid C supplied to the housing 100 through the supply port 300 from the first flow rate to the second flow rate. The second flow rate may be smaller than the first flow rate. For example, the second flow rate may be about 1.5 LPM.

[0150] When the explosion of the battery cell 200 begins, the controller 800 may relatively increase the flow rate of the cooling fluid C supplied into the housing 100 to quickly extinguish the fire in the battery cell 200 .

[0151] Further, after the point in time when the cooling fluid C is introduced into the exhaust member 34, the controller 800 can relatively reduce the flow rate of the cooling fluid C supplied to the shell 100 to reduce the amount of loss of the cooling fluid C discharged to the outside of the shell 100 through the shell exhaust member 900, and can increase the time that the cooling fluid C remains in the shell 100 to improve the fire extinguishing efficiency.

[0152] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first discharge port and the second discharge port for discharging the cooling fluid from the shell are located at different heights, and their states are individually adjusted to open and closed states depending on whether the battery cell is operating normally, thereby reducing or preventing the deterioration of the cooling efficiency of the battery cell during normal operation of the battery cell, and reducing the increase in the internal pressure of the shell to reduce or prevent damage to the shell during thermal runaway of the battery cell.

[0153] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, during thermal runaway of a battery cell, a case vent may reduce or prevent the possibility that the internal pressure of the case may increase to greater than or equal to the rupture pressure of the case.

[0154] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, if the housing vent is open, the cooling fluid may be used to extinguish the fire by raising the level of the cooling fluid.

[0155] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the battery cell explosion starts, the fire in the battery cell can be quickly extinguished by relatively increasing the flow rate of the cooling fluid supplied into the housing.

[0156] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, after the cooling fluid is introduced into the exhaust piece, by relatively reducing the flow rate of the cooling fluid supplied to the shell, the loss amount of cooling fluid discharged to the outside of the shell through the shell exhaust piece can be reduced, and the time that the cooling fluid remains in the shell can be increased, thereby improving the fire extinguishing efficiency.

[0157] However, aspects obtainable through the present disclosure are not limited to the above aspects, and other aspects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description of the present disclosure.

[0158] Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, these embodiments are merely illustrative, and it is understood that various modifications and other equivalent embodiments may be derived by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments.

Claims

1. An energy storage system comprising: a housing configured to contain a cooling fluid; a battery cell inside the housing to contact the cooling fluid; a supply port connected to the housing for supplying the cooling fluid to the interior of the housing; a first drain port connected to the housing for draining the cooling fluid from the interior of the housing; as well as A second discharge port is connected to the housing at a position lower than the first discharge port. 2 . The energy storage system according to claim 1 , wherein a distance from a bottom surface of the case to the first discharge port is smaller than a distance from the bottom surface of the case to an upper surface of the battery cell. 3 . The energy storage system according to claim 2 , wherein a ratio of the distance from the bottom surface of the housing to the first discharge port to the distance from the bottom surface of the housing to the upper surface of the battery cell is between 0.8 and 0.

9. 4 . The energy storage system according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of a distance from a bottom surface of the case to the second discharge port to a distance from the bottom surface of the case to an upper surface of the battery cell is between 0.4 and 0.

5. The energy storage system according to claim 1 , wherein the supply port is at a lower position than the second exhaust port.

6. The energy storage system according to claim 1, further comprising: a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of the battery cell; as well as A controller is configured to control operations of the supply port, the first exhaust port, and the second exhaust port based on the temperature of the battery cell. 7 . The energy storage system according to claim 6 , wherein the controller is configured to open the first exhaust port and close the second exhaust port when the temperature of the battery cell is lower than or equal to a first temperature. The energy storage system according to claim 7 , wherein the first temperature is greater than or equal to 60° C. and less than or equal to 70° C. 9 . The energy storage system according to claim 7 , wherein the controller is configured to open the second exhaust port and close the first exhaust port when the temperature of the battery cell is higher than or equal to a second temperature, the second temperature being higher than the first temperature. 10 . The energy storage system according to claim 9 , wherein the second temperature is greater than or equal to 150° C. and less than or equal to 200° C. 11 . The energy storage system of claim 6 , further comprising a case vent connected to the case and configured to open when an internal pressure of the case increases above a threshold pressure. 12 . The energy storage system of claim 11 , wherein the controller is configured to open the supply port and close the first and second exhaust ports when the housing vent is opened.

13. The energy storage system according to claim 12, further comprising a pressure sensor configured to detect the internal pressure of the housing. Wherein the controller is configured to determine whether the housing vent is open based on the internal pressure of the housing.

14. The energy storage system according to claim 12, further comprising a liquid level sensor configured to detect a liquid level of the cooling fluid in the housing. wherein the controller is configured to adjust a flow rate of the cooling fluid entering the housing through the supply port based on the level of the cooling fluid. 15 . The energy storage system of claim 14 , wherein the controller is configured to adjust the flow rate of the cooling fluid into the housing to a first flow rate when the housing vent is opened.

16. The energy storage system of claim 15 , wherein the controller is configured to adjust the flow rate of the cooling fluid entering the housing to a second flow rate that is less than the first flow rate when the liquid level of the cooling fluid is greater than or equal to the distance from the bottom surface of the housing to the upper surface of the battery cell.

17. The energy storage system according to claim 16, wherein the first flow rate is 3 liters / minute, and The second flow rate is 1.5 L / min.

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