Power supply cabinet convenient to disassemble and assemble and capable of preventing thermal runaway

Abstract

The invention discloses a thermal runaway prevention power supply cabinet convenient to disassemble and assemble, which comprises a power supply cabinet body, and is characterized in that a power supply module is mounted in the power supply cabinet body; the power supply module comprises a first battery unit and second battery units arranged around the first battery unit, the periphery of the first battery unit is respectively provided with a plug-in slot, and one side surface of each second battery unit is provided with a plug-in board which can be plugged in the plug-in slot; the first battery unit and the second battery unit are in plug-in fit connection with the plug board through the plug slots; wherein the plug-in groove and the plug-in plate are arranged in a manner of extending along the longitudinal direction, and are of T-shaped structures; and the surface of the plug board of the second battery unit is coated with a safety coating. Compared with the prior art, the power supply cabinet provided by the invention not only can simplify the disassembly and maintenance process of the power supply module and improve the disassembly and assembly efficiency, but also can effectively prevent thermal runaway of the battery, enhance the safety and reliability of the power supply cabinet and prolong the service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power supply cabinets, and in particular to a power supply cabinet which is easy to disassemble and assemble and prevents thermal runaway. Background Art

[0002] Power supply cabinets are widely used in fields such as communications, electricity, data centers, and industrial control, providing stable and reliable power supply for various devices. As the requirements for power supply stability and safety in these fields continue to increase, the performance and safety of power supply cabinets are becoming increasingly important. Existing power supply cabinets mainly have the following problems: First, traditional power supply cabinets typically use fixed installations. When a single power module fails and requires replacement or maintenance, the operation is complex and requires on-site disassembly by specialized technicians, resulting in high maintenance costs and long maintenance cycles. This inconvenience often requires maintenance personnel to shut down the entire power cabinet, disrupting system continuity and causing inconvenience to users.

[0003] Secondly, existing power cabinets lack adequate protection against battery thermal runaway. Lithium-ion batteries are a common energy storage unit in current power cabinets, but they are prone to thermal runaway under conditions such as overcharging, over-discharging, short circuiting, or mechanical damage. Thermal runaway can cause the battery temperature to rise rapidly, releasing large amounts of heat and harmful gases, which can potentially cause fire or explosion. Currently, most power cabinets employ only simple cooling measures, such as fans and heat dissipation holes, lacking effective mechanisms to prevent and control thermal runaway.

[0004] Third, the existing power cabinet design lacks modularity and intelligent management. Power modules are often connected using fixed welding or bolts, which hinders rapid replacement and system upgrades. Furthermore, the lack of effective temperature monitoring and early warning systems prevents timely detection of potential safety hazards, increasing the risk of serious accidents.

[0005] Fourth, existing power cabinets lack adequate thermal isolation between power modules. When a battery cell experiences thermal runaway, it can easily trigger a chain reaction of thermal runaway in adjacent cells through heat conduction, ultimately leading to the collapse of the entire power system and even a safety incident.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of power supply cabinet with a reasonable structural design, easy disassembly and assembly, and an effective thermal runaway protection mechanism to meet the ever-increasing requirements for power supply safety and reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a power supply cabinet that is easy to disassemble and prevent thermal runaway in response to the shortcomings of the existing technology. It can not only simplify the disassembly and maintenance process of the power module and improve the disassembly and assembly efficiency, but also effectively prevent battery thermal runaway, enhance the safety and reliability of the power supply cabinet, and extend its service life.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A power supply cabinet that is easy to disassemble and assemble and prevents thermal runaway, comprising: A power supply cabinet body, wherein a power supply module is installed in the power supply cabinet body; The power module includes a first battery unit and a second battery unit arranged around the first battery unit. The first battery unit is respectively provided with a plug-in slot on each side thereof, and each second battery unit is provided with a plug-in board that can be plugged into the plug-in slot on the side facing the first battery unit. The first battery unit and the second battery unit are plug-in-matched and connected to each other through the plug-in slot and the plug-in board. The plug-in slot and the plug-in board are both arranged to extend longitudinally and have a T-shaped structure. The surface of the plug board of the second battery unit is coated with a safety coating, which is prepared by mixing the following components, applying the mixture to the surface of the plug board, and then drying the mixture. The components include, by weight: 80-100 parts of organic solvent; 25-35 parts of sodium bicarbonate; 15-25 parts of magnesium carbonate; 35-55 parts of urea; 15-25 parts of inorganic flame retardant; 5-15 parts of nano thermal conductive filler; 10-20 parts of binder; Thickener 5-10 parts.

[0009] Preferably, the thickness of the safety coating is 1-10 mm.

[0010] Preferably, the organic solvent is selected from at least one of methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran and dimethyl sulfoxide; The inorganic flame retardant is selected from at least one of hydrotalcite, expanded graphite, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and zinc phosphate; The nano thermal conductive filler is selected from at least one of boron nitride, aluminum nitride, carbon nanotubes, graphene and silicon dioxide; The binder is selected from at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyurethane and epoxy resin; The thickener is selected from at least one of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, xanthan gum, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bentonite.

[0011] Preferably, the power modules are arranged in a cross-shaped structure, the first battery unit is located at the center of the cross-shaped structure, and the second battery units are arranged along four directions of the cross-shaped structure.

[0012] Preferably, a temperature monitoring device and a gas detection device are provided inside the power cabinet body, and the temperature monitoring device and the gas detection device are both electrically connected to the PLC control module; when it is detected that the temperature of the power module is abnormal or the concentration of harmful gas exceeds the standard, the PLC control module automatically starts the fire extinguishing system; the fire extinguishing system includes a fire extinguishing agent storage device and a spraying device, and the fire extinguishing agent storage device and the spraying device are installed in the power cabinet body, and the spraying device is set toward the power module.

[0013] Preferably, a heat insulating layer is further provided between the first battery cell and the second battery cell, and the heat insulating layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of ceramic silica gel; 15-25 parts of nano aerogel; 10-20 parts of inorganic filler; 5-15 parts of cross-linking agent; 1-5 parts of catalyst.

[0014] Preferably, the ceramic silicone oil is selected from at least one of methyl silicone oil, vinyl silicone oil or phenyl silicone oil; The nano aerogel is selected from at least one of silica aerogel, titania aerogel or alumina aerogel; The inorganic filler is selected from at least one of alumina, silica, zirconium oxide or magnesium oxide; the cross-linking agent is selected from at least one of hydrogen silicone oil, peroxide or aminosilane; The catalyst is selected from at least one of a platinum complex, a palladium complex or a tin complex.

[0015] Preferably, the heat insulation layer forms a corrugated structure, and the corrugated structure satisfies the following relationship: ; Where x and y are the horizontal coordinates of each point on the waveform structure along the x-axis and the vertical coordinates along the y-axis, respectively; z is the normal coordinate of each point on the waveform structure along the z-axis; L and W are the length and width of the waveform structure respectively; n1 and n2 are the number of wave peaks in the horizontal direction and the number of wave peaks in the vertical direction of the waveform structure respectively; A is the amplitude of the waveform in the waveform structure, and the value range of A is 2-8mm.

[0016] Preferably, a circulating cooling system is provided in the power cabinet body, and the circulating cooling system includes a coolant channel, a heat exchanger and a circulating pump. The coolant channel is arranged around the power module, the heat exchanger is connected to the coolant channel, and the circulating pump is used to drive the coolant to circulate between the coolant channel and the heat exchanger.

[0017] Preferably, the inner wall of the coolant channel is coated with a thermal conductive coating, and the thermal conductive coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of graphene; 15-25 parts of boron nitride; 40-60 parts of polymer matrix; 5-15 parts of cross-linking agent; 2-8 parts of dispersant.

[0018] Preferably, the polymer matrix is ​​selected from at least one of epoxy resin, polyimide, polyurethane or silicone resin; the cross-linking agent is selected from at least one of amine curing agent, acid anhydride curing agent or peroxide; and the dispersant is selected from at least one of sodium lauryl sulfate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or polyoxyethylene ether.

[0019] Preferably, the outer wall of the power cabinet body is provided with a plurality of detachable heat dissipation panels, and the heat dissipation panels include the following layered structure: The outer metal plate, the middle heat dissipation layer and the inner heat conductive layer, the middle heat dissipation layer is made of phase change material, and the phase change temperature of the phase change material is 35-45°C; this temperature range is slightly higher than the normal operating temperature of the power cabinet, but lower than the safe temperature upper limit of the battery unit, and can effectively absorb abnormal heat.

[0020] Preferably, the phase change material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of paraffin wax; 15-25 parts of polyethylene glycol; 10-20 parts of thermal conductive filler; 5-10 parts of stabilizer; 5-15 parts of flame retardant.

[0021] Preferably, the thermally conductive filler is selected from at least one of alumina, boron nitride, graphene or carbon nanotubes; the stabilizer is selected from at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, stearic acid or octadecylamine; and the flame retardant is selected from at least one of antimony trioxide, brominated flame retardant or intumescent flame retardant.

[0022] Preferably, the power cabinet body includes a front cabinet door and a rear cabinet door, the front cabinet door is provided with a touch screen, a multi-function digital display, a thermostat, a start-stop button and a folder placement bag, the rear cabinet door is installed with an air conditioner, the front cabinet door is also installed with an exhaust fan, and the side of the power cabinet body is provided with heat dissipation holes; the power cabinet body is also provided with a main switch, a sub-switch, an AC contactor, a PLC control module, and an intermediate relay, and the main switch, sub-switch, AC contactor, intermediate relay and power module are respectively electrically connected to the PLC control module.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1) This invention utilizes a modular plug-in design, making the power module easy to disassemble, install, and maintain. Designing the power module as a plug-in structure consisting of a first battery cell and a second battery cell allows individual battery cells to be removed and replaced, significantly simplifying maintenance and improving assembly and disassembly efficiency. If a battery cell fails, only that specific cell needs to be replaced, rather than the entire power module. This reduces costs and maintenance time. Furthermore, this plug-in design allows operators to replace cells without affecting other functioning battery cells, enabling the power cabinet's "hot swap" functionality. This avoids system interruptions caused by power outages and significantly improves system availability and continuity.

[0024] 2) This invention enhances the stability and durability of the connection between battery cells through a T-shaped plug-in design. The T-shaped structure provides a larger contact area and greater mechanical strength, capable of withstanding greater mechanical loads and vibration shocks while maintaining good electrical connection performance. This structural design effectively avoids the drawbacks of traditional bolted connections that are prone to loosening or welded connections that are difficult to disassemble. It ensures connection reliability while retaining ease of assembly and disassembly, meeting the requirements of high-reliability power systems.

[0025] 3) The safety coating provided on the plug board of the present invention can quickly take effect in the early stage of battery thermal runaway. When the battery temperature rises abnormally, the urea in the coating will decompose into ammonia and cyanic acid after being heated. In particular, cyanic acid will react with sodium bicarbonate and magnesium carbonate to form flame-retardant cyanide compound salts, while releasing a large amount of CO2 gas to inert the flammable gas atmosphere. This process can not only effectively absorb heat, but also dilute the concentration of combustible gas by releasing inert gas, reducing it to below the lower explosion limit, thereby preventing the occurrence of combustion and explosion; and the inorganic flame retardant added to the coating further enhances the overall flame retardant effect, while the introduction of nano-scale thermally conductive fillers significantly improves the heat conduction efficiency and accelerates the dispersion and dissipation of heat. Therefore, compared with traditional flame retardant layers, the coating of the present invention significantly improves the safety performance of the power cabinet through the dual mechanisms of heat absorption and inerting.

[0026] 4) The thermal insulation layer between the battery cells in this invention utilizes a corrugated structure formed from a special material. This not only provides excellent thermal insulation but also effectively mitigates expansion stress during battery charging and discharging. This corrugated structure provides elastic deformation, adapting to battery expansion, reducing mechanical stress and extending battery life. Furthermore, if a battery cell experiences thermal runaway, the thermal insulation layer effectively blocks the heat conduction path, preventing heat transfer to adjacent cells and avoiding a chain reaction of thermal runaway, significantly improving the safety of the power system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a power cabinet in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an internal front view of a power cabinet in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a power module in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a power module in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first battery unit of a power module in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second battery unit of a power module in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: 1. Power cabinet body; 11. Cabinet door; 12. Exhaust fan; 13. Heat dissipation vents; 14. Multi-function digital display; 15. Thermostat; 16. Touch screen; 17. Start / stop button; 18. Folder pocket; 2. Power module; 21. First battery unit; 211. Plug-in slot; 22. Second battery unit; 221. Plug-in board; 222. Safety coating; 3. Main switch; 4. Sub-switch; 5. AC contactor; 6. PLC control module; 7. Intermediate relay. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] See also Figure 1-6 The present invention provides a power supply cabinet that is easy to disassemble and prevent thermal runaway, including a power supply cabinet body 1, in which a power module 2 is installed.

[0031] Among them, the power cabinet body 1 includes a cabinet door 11, and the cabinet door 11 includes a front cabinet door and a rear cabinet door. The front cabinet door is provided with a touch screen 16, a multi-function digital display 14, a thermostat 15, a start-stop button 17 and a folder placement bag 18. The rear cabinet door is installed with an air conditioner, and the front cabinet door is also installed with an exhaust fan 12. The side of the power cabinet body 1 is provided with a heat dissipation hole 13. The touch screen 16 is a 10.4-inch capacitive touch screen with a resolution of 1024×768, used to display the operating status of the power supply cabinet, parameter settings, and alarm information. The multi-function digital display 14 can simultaneously display electrical parameters such as voltage, current, power, and frequency, with a sampling accuracy of 0.5. The thermostat 15 adopts PID control with a temperature control accuracy of ±0.5°C and is used to control the temperature inside the cabinet. The start / stop buttons 17 include a green start button and a red emergency stop button for starting and emergency stopping the system. The file folder storage bag 18 is made of flame-retardant nylon and is used to store documents such as circuit diagrams and operating manuals. The air conditioner installed on the rear cabinet door is a fully enclosed industrial air conditioner with a cooling capacity of 2000W, which is used to accurately control the temperature inside the cabinet. The exhaust fan 12 on the front cabinet door is a variable frequency centrifugal fan with a maximum air volume of 200m³ / h, which is used to accelerate air circulation inside the cabinet. The heat dissipation holes 13 on the side of the power supply cabinet body 1 are of a louvered design and equipped with a dust filter to provide a natural convection heat dissipation channel. These human-computer interaction and temperature control components jointly realize intelligent management and efficient heat dissipation of the power cabinet.

[0032] The power cabinet body 1 is also equipped with a main switch 3, a branch switch 4, an AC contactor 5, a PLC control module 6, and an intermediate relay 7. These main switch 3, branch switch 4, AC contactor 5, intermediate relay 7, and power module 2 are electrically connected to the PLC control module 6 via cables. The main switch 3 is a three-phase molded case circuit breaker with a rated current of 400A and overload, short-circuit, and undervoltage protection. The branch switch 4 is a multi-circuit miniature circuit breaker with a rated current ranging from 16 to 63A, used for branch circuit protection. The AC contactor 5 is a three-phase AC contactor with a rated operating current of 100A and a configuration of two normally open and two normally closed auxiliary contacts. The PLC control module 6 uses a programmable controller with 32 digital input / output points and 8 analog input / output points, operating at a speed of 20ms / K instruction. The intermediate relay 7 is a small electromagnetic relay with a contact capacity of 10A / 250VAC, used for transmission and isolation of control signals. The PLC control module 6 serves as the core control unit of the power cabinet. It implements intelligent control of the various components of the power cabinet through programming, including status monitoring of the power module 2, switch control, temperature regulation, alarm processing and data recording.

[0033] In which, the power module 2 includes a first battery unit 21 and a second battery unit 22 arranged around the first battery unit 21, and the first battery unit 21 is respectively provided with a plug-in slot 211 on each side, and each second battery unit 22 is provided with a plug-in board 221 that can be plugged into the plug-in slot 211 on the side facing the first battery unit 21, and the first battery unit 21 and the second battery unit 22 are plug-in connected with the plug-in board 221 through the plug-in slot 211.

[0034] In this embodiment, the first battery cell 21 is a central main battery cell having four plug-in slots 211 located around it. Correspondingly, four second battery cells 22 are arranged around the first battery cell 21. Each second battery cell 22 has a plug-in board 221, which is arranged on the side facing the first battery cell 21. The first battery cell 21 and the second battery cell 22 both use lithium-ion batteries with a nominal voltage of 48V and a capacity of 200Ah. Each battery cell contains a battery management system (BMS) for monitoring the battery status and protecting the battery safety. The battery cells are connected in series or in parallel through conductive sheets.

[0035] Preferably, the first battery cell 21 and the second battery cell 22 are not only mechanically connected via a plug-in structure, but also electrically connected via electrode contacts provided on the plug slot 211 and the plug board 221. These electrode contacts are made of gold-plated copper alloy with a contact impedance of ≤0.5 mΩ, ensuring good electrical conductivity. This design allows each battery cell to operate independently or be combined to form a larger-capacity power module 2.

[0036] Among them, the plug-in slot 211 and the plug-in plate 221 both extend longitudinally and are arranged in a T-shaped structure. In this embodiment, the T-shaped structure design effectively increases the plug-in area, improves the stability and reliability of the connection, and facilitates disassembly and assembly. The T-shaped structure consists of a horizontal part and a vertical part. The horizontal part provides a larger contact area and enhances tensile strength; the vertical part provides lateral constraints to prevent lateral displacement and form a reliable mechanical locking mechanism. This structural design ensures the connection stability of the battery cell under normal use and accidental vibration or impact.

[0037] The surface of the plug board 221 of the second battery unit 22 is coated with a safety coating 222. The safety coating 222 is prepared by mixing the following components, applying the mixture to the surface of the plug board, and then drying the mixture. The components include, by weight: 80-100 parts of an organic solvent, 25-35 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 15-25 parts of magnesium carbonate, 35-55 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of an inorganic flame retardant, 5-15 parts of a nano-thermal conductive filler, 10-20 parts of a binder, and 5-10 parts of a thickener.

[0038] The thickness of the safety coating 222 is 1-10 mm. In this embodiment, when the coating thickness is less than 1 mm, its heat absorption and flame retardant effects are not significant. When the thickness is greater than 10 mm, it increases the volume and weight of the battery cells, reduces energy density, and excessively thick coatings may affect the assembly precision between battery cells. In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the safety coating 222 is set to 3-5 mm. This thickness range provides sufficient thermal protection without excessively increasing the volume and weight of the power module 2.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present application, the organic solvent is selected from at least one of methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran and dimethyl sulfoxide. These organic solvents have good solubility and can fully dissolve other components to form a uniform coating system. Dimethyl sulfoxide has a high boiling point and low toxicity, making it an ideal solvent choice; ethanol and methanol have good volatility, which is conducive to the rapid drying of the coating; tetrahydrofuran has good solubility for a variety of organic and inorganic substances. In a preferred embodiment, a mixed solvent of dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol is used in a mass ratio of 7:3. This ratio can ensure the full dissolution of each component and achieve an appropriate drying rate for the coating. It should be noted that the organic solvent only serves as a carrier in the coating preparation process and will evaporate after the coating dries. The final dried coating contains no or only a very small amount of organic solvent residue, so it will not affect battery safety.

[0040] In one embodiment of the present application, sodium bicarbonate and magnesium carbonate absorb a significant amount of heat and release carbon dioxide during thermal decomposition, exhibiting significant heat absorption and inerting effects. By selecting sodium bicarbonate and magnesium carbonate with different decomposition temperatures, a gradient heat absorption effect can be achieved at different temperature stages, providing more comprehensive thermal protection, with good heat absorption in both low-temperature stages (provided by sodium bicarbonate) and high-temperature stages (provided by magnesium carbonate).

[0041] In one embodiment of the present application, the inorganic flame retardant is selected from at least one of hydrotalcite, expanded graphite, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and zinc phosphate. The addition of these nano-inorganic flame retardants further enhances the flame retardancy of the coating. Hydrotalcite releases water and carbon dioxide at high temperatures, absorbing heat and performing both vapor-phase dilution. Expanded graphite expands dozens of times when heated, forming a fluffy charcoal layer that blocks oxygen and heat transfer. Aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide absorb large amounts of heat and release water vapor during decomposition. Zinc phosphate forms a vitrified phosphate layer with organic matter, insulating against oxygen and heat. The synergistic effect of these nano-inorganic flame retardants significantly improves the flame retardancy and thermal stability of the coating. In a preferred embodiment, a mixture of hydrotalcite and expanded graphite is used in a 2:1 mass ratio. This ratio maintains excellent heat absorption while forming a physical thermal insulation barrier through expansion, providing more comprehensive thermal protection. Hydrotalcite releases water and carbon dioxide at high temperatures, having the dual functions of heat absorption and gas phase dilution; expanded graphite expands dozens of times when heated, forming a fluffy carbon layer that blocks the transfer of oxygen and heat.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present application, the nano thermally conductive filler is selected from at least one of boron nitride, aluminum nitride, carbon nanotubes, graphene and silicon dioxide. The addition of nano thermally conductive fillers can enhance the thermal conductivity of the coating, accelerate the dispersion of heat in the coating, and avoid the formation of local hot spots. Boron nitride has excellent thermal conductivity and electrical insulation; aluminum nitride has high thermal conductivity and good chemical stability; carbon nanotubes and graphene have extremely high thermal conductivity due to their unique two-dimensional structure; silicon dioxide can provide good thermal stability and mechanical strength. In a preferred embodiment, a mixture of boron nitride and graphene is used with a mass ratio of 3:1. This ratio gives full play to the synergistic effect of the two materials to form an efficient thermal conductive network (thermal conductivity reaches 1.2-1.5 W / (m·K)) while maintaining good electrical insulation.

[0043] In one embodiment of the present application, the binder is selected from at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyurethane and epoxy resin. The main function of the binder is to enhance the adhesion and mechanical strength of the coating. Polyvinyl alcohol has good film-forming properties and adhesion; polyacrylic acid provides excellent bonding strength; polyurethane provides excellent flexibility and wear resistance; and epoxy resin has excellent bonding strength and chemical resistance. In a preferred embodiment, a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and polyurethane is used in a mass ratio of 2:1. This combination has both good adhesion and sufficient flexibility to ensure that the coating can maintain structural integrity under battery thermal runaway conditions.

[0044] The thickener is selected from at least one of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, xanthan gum, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bentonite. The thickener is mainly used to adjust the rheological properties and suspension stability of the coating material. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is an excellent water-soluble thickener with good pH stability; xanthan gum provides excellent suspension stability and shear thinning properties; sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose have good water retention and film-forming properties; bentonite can provide higher thickening efficiency and thixotropy. In a preferred embodiment, a combination of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and xanthan gum is used in a mass ratio of 3:1. This ratio can achieve excellent suspension stability and construction performance, ensuring that the coating remains uniform during the coating process.

[0045] The safety coating 222 of the present invention works as follows: When the battery cell temperature rises to a critical point, urea begins to decompose into ammonia and cyanic acid, a process that absorbs a large amount of heat. Simultaneously, cyanic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate and magnesium carbonate to form a flame-retardant cyanide salt and releases carbon dioxide gas. The carbon dioxide gas, acting as an inert gas, reduces the oxygen concentration in the environment and inhibits combustion. This multi-layered protection mechanism enables the coating to take effect quickly in the early stages of thermal runaway, effectively preventing heat accumulation and the spread of fire.

[0046] In one embodiment of the present application, the method for preparing the safety coating 222 includes the following steps: 1) Mix the organic solvent, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate, urea, inorganic flame retardant, nano thermal conductive filler, binder and thickener according to the formula ratio, and stir in a stirrer at a speed of 200-300 rpm for 30 minutes to form a uniform coating material; 2) The prepared coating material is evenly applied to the surface of the plug board 221 of the second battery unit 22 by spraying or brushing, and the coating thickness is controlled to be 1-10 mm; 3) Drying at 60° C. for 8 hours to complete the formation of the safety coating 222 .

[0047] In one embodiment of the present application, the power module 2 is arranged in a cross-shaped structure, with the first battery unit 21 located at the center of the cross-shaped structure and the second battery units 22 arranged along the four directions of the cross-shaped structure. The advantages of this arrangement are as follows: a) The cross-shaped arrangement makes the current flow path inside the power module 2 more balanced and shorter. The first battery cell 21 at the center serves as an energy collection point, which can minimize the difference in current path length introduced from all directions and reduce the efficiency loss caused by internal resistance imbalance.

[0048] b) The cross-shaped arrangement significantly improves the thermal management effect inside the power module 2. Since each second battery cell 22 is directly connected to the first battery cell 21 in the center, a natural heat diffusion channel is formed. This structure allows heat to diffuse evenly from the center to the surrounding area, avoiding hot spot concentration. The temperature difference inside the power module can be controlled within 5°C.

[0049] c) The cross-shaped arrangement forms a mutually supporting system in the mechanical structure, which makes the power module 2 have better integrity and rigidity. When the power module 2 is subjected to external impact, the force can be evenly dispersed along the four directions of the cross-shaped structure, reducing stress concentration and improving the overall impact resistance.

[0050] d) The cross-shaped arrangement facilitates the implementation of a zoning management strategy. The first battery cell 21 in the center can integrate the core control unit of the battery management system (BMS), while the second battery cells 22 in the four directions can be equipped with temperature sensors and voltage monitoring points, forming four independent management areas. This layout makes the distribution of monitoring points more reasonable and data collection more comprehensive, improves the accuracy and response speed of fault detection, and enhances the intelligence level of the battery management system.

[0051] e) The cross-shaped arrangement is perfectly combined with the plug-in design of the present invention. Plug-in slots 211 are provided around the first battery cell 21 in the center, which are correspondingly connected to the plug-in boards 221 of the second battery cells 22 in the four directions. This layout makes the plug-in and pull-out operations more intuitive and convenient. Users can clearly identify the position and connection relationship of each battery cell, significantly reducing the risk of misoperation while improving the efficiency of maintenance and replacement. Maintenance personnel only need to operate in any direction of the cross to complete the disassembly, installation, or replacement of the battery cells in the corresponding area.

[0052] In one embodiment of the present application, the power cabinet body 1 is internally equipped with a temperature monitoring device, a gas detection device, and a fire extinguishing system. Both the temperature monitoring device and the gas detection device are electrically connected to a PLC control module 6. Upon detecting an abnormal temperature in the power module 2 or an excessive concentration of hazardous gases, the PLC control module 6 automatically activates the fire extinguishing system. The fire extinguishing system includes a fire extinguishing agent storage device and a spraying device, both of which are mounted within the power cabinet body 1, with the spraying device positioned toward the power module 2.

[0053] The temperature monitoring device uses a distributed thermocouple array, with 3-5 temperature sensors installed on the surface of each battery cell, which can monitor the temperature changes of various parts of the power module 2 in real time. The sensor accuracy is ±0.1°C, the measurement range is -40°C to 150°C, and the sampling frequency is 10Hz; the gas detection device is equipped with multiple gas sensors such as hydrogen, hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide, with a detection accuracy of 1ppm, and can detect characteristic gases released during battery thermal runaway.

[0054] The fire extinguishing system uses an environmentally friendly gas extinguishing agent, primarily heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea), stored in a fire extinguishing agent storage device at a pressure of 2.5 MPa. The spraying device utilizes a micro-nozzle design distributed around the power module 2, achieving a spray coverage rate of ≥ 98%. When the system is triggered, the extinguishing agent completely fills the power cabinet interior within 10 seconds, rapidly suppressing the spread of a fire. The extinguishing agent is harmless to electronic equipment and leaves no residue after extinguishing a fire, requiring no additional cleanup.

[0055] PLC control module 6 uses a fuzzy logic algorithm to analyze temperature and gas concentration data. If it determines a risk of thermal runaway, it immediately activates the fire extinguishing system. Specifically, the fire extinguishing system is triggered if any of the following conditions are met: 1) the temperature detected by any temperature sensor exceeds 85°C with a temperature rise rate exceeding 5°C / min; 2) the hydrogen concentration exceeds 100 ppm with a rise rate exceeding 10 ppm / min; 3) the carbon monoxide concentration exceeds 50 ppm; or 4) multiple parameters exhibit abnormal trends simultaneously. This combination of intelligent monitoring and an automatic fire extinguishing system enables early detection and rapid response to thermal runaway, significantly improving the safety of the power supply cabinet.

[0056] In one embodiment of the present application, a thermal insulation layer is disposed between the first battery cell 21 and the second battery cell 22. The thermal insulation layer comprises the following composition by weight: 40-60 parts ceramic silica gel, 15-25 parts nano-aerogel, 10-20 parts inorganic filler, 5-15 parts cross-linking agent, and 1-5 parts catalyst. The thermal insulation layer not only provides excellent thermal isolation but also effectively prevents the propagation of thermal runaway between the battery cells.

[0057] In one embodiment of the present application, the ceramic silicone is selected from at least one of methyl silicone oil, vinyl silicone oil or phenyl silicone oil. These silicone oils can be transformed into ceramic structures at high temperatures and have extremely high heat resistance. Methyl silicone oil has good thermal stability and low-temperature flexibility; vinyl silicone oil has excellent cross-linking reaction activity and is easy to shape; phenyl silicone oil has better high-temperature resistance. In a preferred embodiment, a mixture of vinyl silicone oil and phenyl silicone oil is used with a mass ratio of 4:1. This ratio not only ensures the processing performance of the material, but also improves its heat resistance. The molecular weight of vinyl silicone oil is 8000-10000 and the viscosity is 1000-2000mPa·s; the molecular weight of phenyl silicone oil is 12000-15000 and the viscosity is 3000-4000mPa·s. The ceramicization temperature is 300-350°C, and the temperature resistance of the ceramicized material can reach above 1000°C.

[0058] The nano aerogel is selected from at least one of silica aerogel, titania aerogel or alumina aerogel. Nano aerogel is the solid material with the lowest thermal conductivity at present and provides excellent thermal insulation performance. Silica aerogel has the lowest thermal conductivity and the highest specific surface area; titania aerogel has good chemical stability and corrosion resistance; alumina aerogel has higher mechanical strength and compressive resistance. In a preferred embodiment, silica aerogel is mainly used, with a specific surface area of ​​800-1000m² / g, a porosity of more than 95%, and a thermal conductivity as low as 0.015 W / (m·K), which can effectively block heat transfer. The silica aerogel particles used are 10-50μm in size and have undergone surface hydrophobic treatment to effectively prevent performance degradation caused by moisture absorption.

[0059] The inorganic filler is selected from at least one of alumina, silica, zirconia, or magnesium oxide. Inorganic fillers enhance the mechanical strength and dimensional stability of the material. Alumina has high hardness and good thermal conductivity; silica provides good thermal shock resistance; zirconia has excellent mechanical properties and low thermal conductivity; and magnesium oxide has good flame retardancy and insulation properties. In a preferred embodiment, a mixture of alumina and silica is used in a mass ratio of 1:1. This combination provides sufficient mechanical strength while maintaining good thermal insulation properties. The alumina particle size is 1-5 μm and has a Mohs hardness of 9; the silica particle size is 0.5-2 μm and has a specific surface area of ​​300-400 m² / g. These fillers have all undergone surface modification and have good compatibility with the silica gel matrix.

[0060] The cross-linking agent is selected from at least one of hydrogen-containing silicone oil, peroxide or aminosilane; the catalyst is selected from at least one of platinum complex, palladium complex or tin complex. The cross-linking agent and the catalyst together ensure that the material forms a stable three-dimensional network structure. Hydrogen-containing silicone oil can undergo addition reaction with vinyl silicone oil; peroxide promotes cross-linking through a free radical mechanism; and aminosilane can react with a variety of functional groups. Platinum complexes have high activity and good selectivity; palladium complexes provide higher thermal stability; and tin complexes have lower costs. In a preferred embodiment, hydrogen-containing silicone oil is used as a cross-linking agent and a platinum complex is used as a catalyst. This combination can achieve rapid curing at room temperature and form a stable network structure.

[0061] In one embodiment of the present application, the thermal insulation layer forms a corrugated structure, and the corrugated structure satisfies the following relationship: ; Where x and y are the horizontal coordinates of each point on the waveform structure along the x-axis and the vertical coordinates along the y-axis, respectively; z is the normal coordinate of each point on the waveform structure along the z-axis, and the unit is mm; L and W are the length and width of the waveform structure, respectively, in mm; n1 and n2 are the number of wave peaks in the horizontal direction and the number of wave peaks in the vertical direction of the waveform structure, respectively, and the value range of n1 and n2 is 2-6; A is the amplitude of the waveform on the waveform structure, in mm, and the value range of A is 2-8mm.

[0062] The wavy structure of the thermal insulation layer is achieved by premixing materials (including ceramic silicone, nano-aerogel, and other components) and then forming the wavy shape using specialized molds or 3D printing technology according to the aforementioned mathematical relationship. In a preferred embodiment, n1 is set to 4, n2 is set to 3, A is 5mm, L is 240mm, and W is 180mm. This parameter combination provides optimal elastic support and heat dissipation performance. 3D printing technology enables precise fabrication of the wavy structure that conforms to the aforementioned mathematical relationship, ensuring consistent and reliable performance of the thermal insulation layer.

[0063] This corrugated structure design has two important advantages: first, it increases the surface area of ​​the thermal insulation layer and improves heat dissipation efficiency; second, the corrugated structure provides elastic deformation space, which can adapt to the expansion and contraction of the battery during charging and discharging, and reduce the mechanical stress on the battery; the compression rate of the corrugated structure can reach 30%, and the compressive elastic modulus is 0.5-1.5MPa, which can effectively buffer the stress caused by battery expansion while maintaining good rebound performance.

[0064] In one embodiment of the present application, a method for preparing a thermal insulation layer includes the following steps: 1) Mix ceramic silica gel (methyl silicone oil, vinyl silicone oil, or phenyl silicone oil), nano aerogel (silica aerogel, titania aerogel, or alumina aerogel), inorganic filler (alumina, silica, zirconia, or magnesium oxide), crosslinker (hydrogen-containing silicone oil, peroxide, or aminosilane), and catalyst (platinum complex, palladium complex, or tin complex) according to the formula ratio and stir to degas under vacuum; 2) Using 3D printing technology or mold forming, a thermal insulation layer is produced according to the set waveform structure parameters; 3) Inject the mixed material into the mold and cure it at 80°C for 4 hours; 4) After demoulding, a heat-insulating layer with a corrugated structure is obtained.

[0065] In one embodiment of the present application, a circulating cooling system is provided in the power cabinet body 1, and the circulating cooling system includes a coolant channel, a heat exchanger and a circulating pump. The coolant channel is arranged around the power module 2, and the heat exchanger is connected to the coolant channel. The circulating pump is used to drive the coolant to circulate between the coolant channel and the heat exchanger.

[0066] The circulating cooling system adopts a closed-loop design. The coolant channels are made of copper tubes with an inner diameter of 6mm, arranged in a serpentine pattern with a spacing of 25mm to ensure uniform coverage of the surface of the power module 2. The heat exchanger is located on the side wall of the power cabinet and adopts an aluminum fin-tube design. It has a heat exchange area of ​​2.5m² and a heat dissipation power of up to 2000W. The circulating pump is a brushless DC water pump with a power of 45W, a maximum flow rate of 18L / min, a head of 6m, and a noise level of ≤35dB.

[0067] The coolant used in the circulation system is a low-conductivity hydrocarbon solution, primarily a mixture of polyethylene glycol and deionized water, with preservatives and antioxidants added. It has a conductivity of ≤5μS / cm, a freezing point of -40°C, a boiling point of 110°C, and a specific heat capacity of 3.8kJ / (kg·K). The system's operating pressure is 0.1-0.3MPa, and the total coolant capacity is 3-5L.

[0068] The circulating cooling system works in conjunction with the temperature monitoring device, automatically adjusting the coolant flow rate and cooling fan speed based on the power module's temperature. The PLC control module uses a PID control algorithm to adjust the circulating pump speed based on temperature feedback signals, achieving precise temperature control. When the temperature detects a drop below 25°C, the system enters low-power mode, reducing or suspending the circulating pump. When the temperature exceeds 45°C, the system enters high-efficiency mode, running the circulating pump at full speed and activating the auxiliary fan on the heat exchanger to enhance heat dissipation. This active cooling system significantly improves the power cabinet's heat dissipation capacity and effectively prevents thermal runaway.

[0069] In one embodiment of the present application, the inner wall of the coolant channel is coated with a thermally conductive coating comprising the following composition by weight: 10-20 parts graphene, 15-25 parts boron nitride, 40-60 parts polymer matrix, 5-15 parts cross-linking agent, and 2-8 parts dispersant. This thermally conductive coating significantly improves the heat transfer efficiency of the coolant channel, accelerating heat transfer from the power module 2 to the coolant.

[0070] In one embodiment of the present application, the polymer matrix is ​​selected from at least one of epoxy resin, polyimide, polyurethane, or silicone resin. These polymer matrices provide excellent adhesion and film-forming properties. Epoxy resin offers excellent bond strength and chemical resistance; polyimide offers outstanding high-temperature resistance and dimensional stability; polyurethane offers good flexibility and processability; and silicone resin offers excellent heat resistance and electrical insulation. In a preferred embodiment, epoxy resin is used as the primary matrix, offering a temperature resistance range of -40°C to 200°C, meeting the operating temperature requirements of the power supply cabinet.

[0071] The crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of an amine curing agent, an anhydride curing agent, or a peroxide. The crosslinking agent ensures that the coating possesses sufficient mechanical strength and durability. Amine curing agents offer excellent room-temperature curing properties; anhydride curing agents provide improved heat resistance and electrical properties; and peroxides offer excellent crosslinking efficiency. In a preferred embodiment, alicyclic amines are used as curing agents, as they have low toxicity, excellent curing properties, and can complete the curing reaction at room temperature.

[0072] The dispersant is selected from at least one of sodium lauryl sulfate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, or polyoxyethylene ether. The dispersant ensures uniform dispersion of the nanofiller in the polymer matrix and prevents agglomeration. Sodium lauryl sulfate is a commonly used anionic surfactant with good wetting and dispersing properties; polyvinyl pyrrolidone is a non-ionic polymer dispersant with excellent stability; and polyoxyethylene ether has both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties and is suitable for a variety of systems. In a preferred embodiment, polyvinyl pyrrolidone is used as the main dispersant, with a molecular weight of approximately 40,000, which can effectively coat the surface of the nanofiller and prevent it from agglomerating in the matrix.

[0073] In one embodiment of the present application, a method for preparing a thermally conductive coating comprises the following steps: 1) Pre-dispersing graphene and boron nitride in an organic solvent, respectively, and ultrasonically treating for 30 minutes; 2) Add dispersant and continue ultrasonic treatment for 15 minutes; 3) Add the dispersed filler to the polymer matrix and mix using a high-speed stirrer (3000 rpm) for 30 minutes; 4) Add cross-linking agent, stir for 10 minutes and then vacuum degas; 5) The mixture is evenly applied to the inner wall of the coolant channel 201 by spraying or brushing, with a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm; 6) Curing should be carried out according to the conditions required by the curing agent (e.g. curing at room temperature for 24 hours or curing at 80°C for 2 hours).

[0074] The thermal conductivity of the prepared thermally conductive coating reaches 2.5-3.5W / (m·K), which is 5-7 times higher than that of uncoated pipes, greatly improving heat transfer efficiency. The coating also has excellent adhesion (≥15MPa) and durability, remaining stable in temperatures ranging from -40°C to 200°C and having a service life of over 5 years.

[0075] In one embodiment of the present application, the outer wall of the power cabinet body 1 is provided with a plurality of detachable heat dissipation panels, and the heat dissipation panels include the following layered structure: an outer metal plate, an intermediate heat dissipation layer and an inner heat conductive layer, and the intermediate heat dissipation layer is made of phase change material, and the phase change temperature of the phase change material is 35-45°C. The phase change material can quickly absorb heat when the temperature begins to exceed the normal range to prevent the temperature from rising further; when the load of the power cabinet is reduced or the ambient temperature is lowered, the phase change material releases the stored heat to achieve automatic temperature regulation.

[0076] The heat dissipation panel features a modular design and is secured to the outer wall of the power cabinet body 1 via snap-on connections, making it easy to install and replace. The outer metal plate is made of aluminum alloy, offering excellent thermal conductivity and mechanical strength. The phase change material in the middle heat dissipation layer absorbs significant heat when the temperature exceeds the phase transition point, buffering temperature fluctuations. The inner heat-conducting layer, made of highly conductive copper foil, accelerates heat transfer from the power cabinet interior to the heat dissipation panel. This multi-layer composite structure leverages the high latent heat of the phase change material, significantly improving the power cabinet's passive heat dissipation capabilities.

[0077] In one embodiment of the present application, the phase change material comprises the following components by weight: 40-60 parts paraffin wax, 15-25 parts polyethylene glycol, 10-20 parts thermal conductive filler, 5-10 parts stabilizer, and 5-15 parts flame retardant. This composite phase change material has excellent thermal properties and stability.

[0078] In one embodiment of the present application, the thermally conductive filler is selected from at least one of aluminum oxide, boron nitride, graphene, or carbon nanotubes. Thermally conductive fillers improve the thermal conductivity of the material, accelerating heat transfer. Aluminum oxide offers excellent thermal conductivity and electrical insulation; boron nitride provides excellent thermal conductivity and thermal stability; and graphene and carbon nanotubes possess extremely high thermal conductivity. In a preferred embodiment, a mixture of aluminum oxide and graphene is used in a mass ratio of 4:1. This combination provides excellent thermal conductivity while maintaining reasonable cost.

[0079] The stabilizer is selected from at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, stearic acid, or octadecylamine. The stabilizer prevents phase separation of the phase change material during long-term use. Polyvinyl alcohol is a water-soluble polymer with excellent thickening and stabilizing properties; stearic acid can form a eutectic with paraffin, reducing phase separation; and octadecylamine has a high melting point and good compatibility. In a preferred embodiment, stearic acid is primarily used as the stabilizer, with the added amount controlled to 8 parts. This effectively prevents phase separation of the phase change material after multiple melt-solidification cycles.

[0080] The flame retardant is selected from at least one of antimony trioxide, brominated flame retardants, or intumescent flame retardants. Flame retardants enhance the flame retardancy of the material and ensure safety. Antimony trioxide is a synergistic flame retardant that works synergistically with halogenated flame retardants to enhance flame retardancy. Brominated flame retardants offer excellent flame retardant efficiency. Intumescent flame retardants expand upon heating to form a char layer, blocking oxygen and heat transfer. In a preferred embodiment, a combination of an intumescent flame retardant as the primary component and antimony trioxide as the secondary component is used in a 4:1 weight ratio. This formulation exhibits excellent flame retardancy without significantly reducing the thermal conductivity and heat storage properties of the phase change material. The intumescent flame retardant is primarily composed of ammonium polyphosphate, with a particle size of 10-30 μm. When heated, it expands 20-30 times its original size, forming an insulating char layer. Antimony trioxide, with a purity of ≥99% and a particle size of 1-5 μm, acts as a synergistic flame retardant, significantly improving flame retardancy. After adding flame retardants, the material's oxygen index (LOI) reaches 28-32%, meeting the UL94 V-0 flame retardant requirements.

[0081] The method for preparing the heat dissipation panel includes the following steps: 1) Melt and mix paraffin wax and polyethylene glycol according to the formula ratio at 90°C for 20 minutes; 2) Add pre-dispersed thermal conductive filler, stabilizer and flame retardant and stir for 30 minutes until uniform; 3) Inject the mixture into the sealed cavity composed of the outer metal plate and the inner heat-conducting layer, and control the filling rate to 85-90%; 4) Slowly cool to room temperature to complete the preparation of the heat dissipation panel.

[0082] The heat dissipation panels are connected to the outer wall of the power cabinet body 1 via dedicated clips at the four corners. These clips are designed with a resilient structure, requiring no tools for installation or removal, allowing one person to perform the operation, greatly simplifying maintenance. To replace or clean the heat dissipation panels, simply press the clip release button to easily remove them. A 2-3mm gap between the heat dissipation panels creates a natural convection channel, further enhancing heat dissipation.

[0083] This multi-layer composite structure design leverages the high latent heat of phase change materials, significantly improving the passive heat dissipation capabilities of the power cabinet. In experimental tests, when the internal heat load was 2kW, the internal temperature of the power cabinet equipped with the cooling panel was, on average, 8-12°C lower than that of the cabinet without it. More importantly, even in the event of a temporary failure of the air conditioning system, the cooling panel can maintain the internal temperature of the power cabinet within a safe range for at least two hours, providing ample time for emergency response.

[0084] In the preferred embodiment of the present application, the overall structure of the power cabinet and the PLC control module 6 are designed according to the principles of modularity, intelligence, and safety. The power module 2 utilizes a standard size design for easy replacement and upgrades; the electrical connections utilize a quick-connect design, allowing for tool-free assembly and disassembly; the PLC control module 6 utilizes a distributed architecture, ensuring that the system maintains basic functionality even if some control units fail; and temperature monitoring utilizes a redundant design, with multi-point monitoring ensuring data accuracy and reliability. Furthermore, the power cabinet is equipped with a remote monitoring interface, enabling real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis via the network, improving operational efficiency and responsiveness.

[0085] The main switch 3, sub-switch 4, AC contactor 5, PLC control module 6, intermediate relay 7, and power module 2 together constitute the power supply cabinet's electrical system. The main switch 3 controls the overall power supply for the entire cabinet and provides overload and short-circuit protection. The sub-switch 4 independently controls and protects each circuit. The AC contactor 5, under the control of the PLC control module 6, switches and isolates the power supply. The intermediate relay 7 converts low-level control signals into high-level actuators. The PLC control module 6, serving as the "brain" of the entire system, coordinates and controls all components of the cabinet using pre-set programs and real-time data. These electrical components are connected via standard wiring and buses, forming a complete control circuit that ensures safe and stable operation of the cabinet under all operating conditions.

[0086] The power cabinet's control system is centered around the PLC control module 6, which coordinates control of all cabinet components. The PLC control module 6 utilizes a modular design, comprising a CPU module, digital input / output module, analog input / output module, communication module, and power module. The CPU module utilizes a 32-bit RISC processor with a 120MHz main frequency, 512KB program capacity, 256KB data capacity, and a scan cycle of ≤10ms / K instructions. The digital I / O module has 32 input and 32 output points, supporting both DC24V and AC220V signals. The analog I / O module supports standard signals such as 4-20mA and 0-10V, with a resolution of 12 bits. The communication module supports various industrial bus protocols, including RS485, Ethernet, and PROFIBUS.

[0087] The main control functions performed by the PLC control module 6 include: 1) Power management: The main switch 3, sub-switch 4, and AC contactor 5 control the power input and distribution of the power cabinet to achieve soft start and orderly shutdown of the system, preventing inrush current from damaging the equipment.

[0088] 2) Temperature Control: Based on feedback from the temperature monitoring device 9, the air conditioning, exhaust fan 12, and circulating cooling system are coordinated to maintain the internal temperature of the power cabinet within the optimal range (25-35°C). A multi-stage control strategy is employed: When the temperature is below 30°C, only the exhaust fan 12 is activated at a low speed; when the temperature is between 30-35°C, the circulating cooling system is activated; when the temperature exceeds 35°C, the air conditioning system is activated; and when the temperature exceeds 45°C, all cooling devices are activated and a warning is issued.

[0089] 3) Safety Monitoring: Continuously monitors data from temperature monitoring and gas detection devices, initiating appropriate protective measures when an anomaly is detected. For minor anomalies (such as slightly elevated temperatures or trace gas leaks), the system enhances heat dissipation and records a warning. For serious anomalies (such as rapidly rising temperatures or large amounts of hazardous gases), the system automatically cuts power and activates the fire extinguishing system.

[0090] 4) Communication and Remote Monitoring: The PLC control module 6 provides a local human-machine interface via the touch screen 16 and also supports remote monitoring. It uses the OPC UA protocol for data exchange with higher-level monitoring systems, and supports HTTPS encrypted communication to ensure data security. The remote monitoring function allows managers to view the power cabinet status in real time, receive alarm information, and perform remote control via the network.

[0091] 5) Data Logging and Analysis: The system automatically records historical data for key parameters, including temperature, voltage, current, and battery status. Data is stored at a rate of 1 minute per point for normal parameters and 0.1 second per point for critical events, with storage capacity supporting at least 30 days of data. Built-in data analysis generates reports such as trend charts and energy consumption statistics, helping managers optimize system operations.

[0092] This multi-level, all-round control strategy ensures that the power cabinet can operate safely, stably and efficiently under various working conditions, while providing sufficient safety measures to effectively prevent safety accidents such as thermal runaway.

[0093] In summary, this invention addresses the challenges of traditional power cabinets, such as inconvenient assembly and disassembly and insufficient thermal runaway protection, through innovative modular design and thermal management technologies. In particular, the synergistic effect of the safety coating and thermal insulation layer establishes a multi-layer thermal runaway protection mechanism, significantly improving the safety and reliability of the power cabinet. Furthermore, the plug-in battery unit design greatly simplifies maintenance, reducing both cost and time. These innovations not only improve the performance and safety of the power cabinet but also extend its service life, providing a more reliable power supply for various types of electrical equipment.

[0094] The working principle and application scenarios of the power cabinet of the present invention are described as follows: During normal operation, the power supply cabinet of the present invention receives external power through the main switch 3 and the sub-switch 4, providing a stable power supply to the load devices. The battery cells in the power supply module 2 are in a floating charge or cyclic charge-discharge state, controlled by the battery management system. The PLC control module 6 continuously monitors the operating parameters of various system components and controls the cooling system to maintain an appropriate operating temperature.

[0095] When a battery unit needs maintenance or replacement, maintenance personnel can enter the power cabinet through the front cabinet door, disconnect the battery unit, and then quickly remove the unit through the plug-in structure. The entire process does not require shutting down the entire power cabinet. Other battery units can continue to work to ensure continuous operation of the system.

[0096] If the battery temperature rises abnormally, the circulating cooling system will first enhance heat dissipation. If the temperature continues to rise, the temperature monitoring device will trigger the PLC control module 6 to initiate more powerful heat dissipation measures. Simultaneously, the safety coating 222 on the plug board 221 begins to absorb heat, and the carbon dioxide gas produced by the decomposition of urea dilutes potentially combustible gases. If the temperature continues to deteriorate and the gas detection device detects harmful gases, the PLC control module 6 will immediately activate the fire extinguishing system to prevent a fire. The entire process is fully automated, requiring no human intervention.

[0097] The power cabinet of the present invention is particularly suitable for the following scenarios: 1) Data Center: As an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system for key equipment, it provides high-reliability backup power.

[0098] 2) Communication base stations: Provide stable power supply for remote or hard-to-reach communication equipment, with remote monitoring and low maintenance features.

[0099] 3) Medical facilities: Provide reliable power supply for important medical equipment to meet the high safety requirements of medical places.

[0100] 4) Industrial control systems: Serves as an emergency power source in critical industrial processes to ensure that the production process is not interrupted due to power problems.

[0101] 5) Smart grid: As an energy storage unit, it participates in peak-valley regulation and load balancing to improve grid stability.

[0102] Throughout this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "example," or "specific example" indicate that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of these terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0103] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are intended only to help illustrate the present invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the present invention to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible based on the content of this specification. These embodiments are selected and described in detail in this specification to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the present invention. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A power supply cabinet that is easy to disassemble and prevent thermal runaway, characterized in that: include: A power supply cabinet body, wherein a power supply module is installed in the power supply cabinet body; The power module includes a first battery unit and a second battery unit arranged around the first battery unit. The first battery unit is respectively provided with a plug-in slot on each side thereof, and each second battery unit is provided with a plug-in board that can be plugged into the plug-in slot on the side facing the first battery unit. The first battery unit and the second battery unit are plug-in-matched and connected to each other through the plug-in slot and the plug-in board. The plug-in slot and the plug-in board are both arranged to extend longitudinally and have a T-shaped structure. The surface of the plug board of the second battery unit is coated with a safety coating, which is prepared by mixing the following components, applying the mixture to the surface of the plug board, and then drying the mixture. The components include, by weight: 80-100 parts of organic solvent; 25-35 parts of sodium bicarbonate; 15-25 parts of magnesium carbonate; 35-55 parts of urea; 15-25 parts of inorganic flame retardant; 5-15 parts of nano thermal conductive filler; 10-20 parts of binder; Thickener 5-10 parts.

2. The power supply cabinet that is easy to disassemble and prevent thermal runaway according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The organic solvent is selected from at least one of methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran and dimethyl sulfoxide; The inorganic flame retardant is selected from at least one of hydrotalcite, expanded graphite, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and zinc phosphate; The nano thermal conductive filler is selected from at least one of boron nitride, aluminum nitride, carbon nanotubes, graphene and silicon dioxide; The binder is selected from at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyurethane and epoxy resin; The thickener is selected from at least one of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, xanthan gum, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bentonite.

3. The power supply cabinet that is easy to disassemble and prevent thermal runaway according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The power modules are arranged in a cross-shaped structure, the first battery unit is located at the center of the cross-shaped structure, and the second battery units are arranged along four directions of the cross-shaped structure.

4. The power supply cabinet that is easy to disassemble and prevent thermal runaway according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A temperature monitoring device and a gas detection device are provided inside the power cabinet body, and both the temperature monitoring device and the gas detection device are electrically connected to the PLC control module; when it is detected that the power module temperature is abnormal or the concentration of harmful gases exceeds the standard, the PLC control module automatically starts the fire extinguishing system.

5. The power supply cabinet that is easy to disassemble and prevent thermal runaway according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A heat insulating layer is further provided between the first battery cell and the second battery cell, and the heat insulating layer comprises the following parts by weight: composition: 40-60 parts of ceramic silica gel; 15-25 parts of nano aerogel; 10-20 parts of inorganic filler; 5-15 parts of cross-linking agent; 1-5 parts of catalyst.

6. The power supply cabinet that is easy to disassemble and prevent thermal runaway according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ceramic silicone oil is selected from at least one of methyl silicone oil, vinyl silicone oil or phenyl silicone oil; The nano aerogel is selected from at least one of silica aerogel, titania aerogel or alumina aerogel; The inorganic filler is selected from at least one of alumina, silica, zirconium oxide or magnesium oxide; the cross-linking agent is selected from at least one of hydrogen silicone oil, peroxide or aminosilane; The catalyst is selected from at least one of a platinum complex, a palladium complex or a tin complex.

7. The power supply cabinet that is easy to disassemble and prevent thermal runaway according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heat insulation layer forms a corrugated structure, and the corrugated structure satisfies the following relationship: ; Where x and y are the horizontal coordinates of each point on the waveform structure along the x-axis and the vertical coordinates along the y-axis, respectively; z is the normal coordinate of each point on the waveform structure along the z-axis; L and W are the length and width of the waveform structure respectively; n1 and n2 are the number of wave peaks in the horizontal direction and the number of wave peaks in the vertical direction of the waveform structure respectively; A is the amplitude of the waveform in the waveform structure, and the value range of A is 2-8mm.

8. The power supply cabinet that is easy to disassemble and prevent thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that: A circulating cooling system is provided in the power cabinet body, and the circulating cooling system includes a coolant channel, a heat exchanger and a circulating pump. The coolant channel is arranged around the power module, the heat exchanger is connected to the coolant channel, and the circulating pump is used to drive the coolant to circulate between the coolant channel and the heat exchanger.

9. The power supply cabinet that is easy to disassemble and prevent thermal runaway according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inner wall of the coolant channel is coated with a thermal conductive coating, and the thermal conductive coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of graphene; 15-25 parts of boron nitride; 40-60 parts of polymer matrix; 5-15 parts of cross-linking agent; 2-8 parts of dispersant.

10. The power cabinet that is easy to disassemble and prevent thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the power cabinet body is provided with a plurality of detachable heat dissipation panels, and the heat dissipation panels include the following layered structure: An outer metal plate, an intermediate heat dissipation layer, and an inner heat-conducting layer, wherein the intermediate heat dissipation layer is made of a phase change material having a phase change temperature of 35-45°C; The phase change material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of paraffin wax; 15-25 parts of polyethylene glycol; 10-20 parts of thermal conductive filler; 5-10 parts of stabilizer; 5-15 parts of flame retardant.

Images