Battery cabinet and charging and discharging control method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery cabinet and a charging and discharging control method thereof, the battery cabinet comprises at least two battery packs, the battery packs are connected in parallel, each battery pack comprises a battery module, an acquisition module used for acquiring a voltage signal of the battery module, and a transfer module used for transferring electric energy of the battery module outwards, the control module is connected with the transfer module; the monitoring module is in communication connection with each acquisition module and the control module; and the electric equipment is connected with the transfer module to receive the transferred electric energy. According to the battery cabinet, through the high-voltage battery packs connected in parallel, the monitoring module for monitoring voltage signals in real time and the transfer module for directionally transferring electric energy, circulating current suppression and dynamic charging and discharging management are achieved, the system stability and the energy utilization rate are improved, and meanwhile efficient operation of low-voltage equipment is guaranteed through redundancy design and multi-source power supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electric energy storage, and in particular to a battery cabinet and a charge and discharge control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of battery technology, energy storage systems are increasingly being used in power storage, electric vehicles and other fields. As the core device that integrates multiple battery packs, the performance and reliability of the battery cabinet directly affect the overall efficiency and safety of the system. In existing technologies, battery cabinets usually adopt a topology with multiple battery packs connected in series or parallel to meet high voltage or large capacity requirements. However, the traditional series structure has significant defects: when a single battery pack fails, the entire cluster system will be forced to stop operating, resulting in loss of customer revenue and reduced customer satisfaction. In addition, although the parallel structure can improve system redundancy, parallel battery packs are prone to generating circulating currents due to voltage differences during the charging and discharging process, resulting in increased energy loss, reduced charging and discharging efficiency, and may accelerate battery aging. In addition, the existing battery cabinets cannot effectively utilize the excess electrical energy during the charging and discharging process, resulting in insufficient overall energy utilization.

[0003] In view of the above problems, a new battery cabinet structure is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a battery cabinet and a charge and discharge control method thereof.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] In a first aspect, a battery cabinet includes:

[0007] At least two battery packs, each battery pack connected in parallel, each battery pack comprising a battery module, a collection module for collecting voltage signals of the battery module, a transfer module for transferring electrical energy from the battery module, and a control module connected to the transfer module;

[0008] A monitoring module, communicating with each acquisition module and the control module;

[0009] The electric device is connected to the transfer module to receive the transferred electric energy.

[0010] In this application, the battery packs are connected in parallel, and the acquisition module collects the voltage signals of the battery modules in real time. The monitoring module dynamically controls the start and stop of the transfer module based on the voltage difference, effectively suppressing the circulation problem between the battery packs. The transfer module transfers the excess electrical energy generated during the charging and discharging process to the power-consuming equipment, reducing energy waste and improving system energy efficiency. The power-consuming equipment directly receives the transferred electrical energy, achieving power supply flexibility.

[0011] Optionally, the battery module includes at least two battery cells connected in series. Further optionally, the number of battery cells connected in series in the battery pack is greater than 150. In the battery pack, between multiple battery cells, the positive electrode of the battery cell and the negative electrode of the adjacent battery cell are connected in sequence by copper busbar or welding to form a series link. The positive electrode of the battery module after series connection is connected to the main positive relay through the copper busbar, and the negative electrode is connected to the main negative relay through the copper busbar, forming the main circuit output end of the battery pack. The voltage range of the battery cell is 2.8V to 3.6V. The total output voltage of the battery module is the product of the voltage of a single battery cell and the number of battery cells connected in series. For example: when 150 battery cells are connected in series, the total voltage range is 420V to 540V.

[0012] The battery module consists of over 150 cells connected in series, significantly increasing the output voltage of a single pack and making it suitable for ultra-high voltage applications. This high series count design reduces the number of parallel battery packs required, simplifying the system structure. Furthermore, the acquisition module accurately captures high-voltage signals, providing a reliable data foundation for the monitoring module.

[0013] Optionally, each battery pack further includes a main positive relay and a main negative relay, wherein the main positive relay is connected to the positive electrode of the battery module via a copper busbar, and the main negative relay is connected to the negative electrode of the battery module via a copper busbar. By connecting the main positive relay and the main negative relay to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery module, respectively, via copper busbars, safe on / off switching of the battery pack's main circuit is achieved. The provision of the main relay can quickly isolate abnormal battery packs, preventing the spread of faults, and uniformly control them through the monitoring module to ensure the stable operation of the parallel system.

[0014] The positive terminals of the battery modules within each battery pack are connected to the main positive relay and the positive plug-in via a copper busbar, while the negative terminals are connected to the main negative relay and the negative plug-in via a copper busbar. The input terminals of the main positive and negative relays are directly connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery modules, respectively, while the output terminals extend to the positive and negative plug-ins of the battery pack via copper busbars.

[0015] The positive terminal plug-in is the output interface of the main positive relay inside the battery pack. It is connected to the output side of the main positive relay via a copper busbar and is used to transmit the positive power of the battery module to the main positive bus of the battery cabinet. Specifically, the positive terminal plug-in consists of a metal conductor terminal and an insulating shell. One end of the metal conductor terminal is connected to the main positive relay via a copper busbar, and the other end is connected to the main positive bus of the battery cabinet via a copper busbar or cable, forming an external connection path for the positive terminal of the battery pack.

[0016] The negative terminal connector is the output interface of the main negative relay inside the battery pack. It is connected to the output side of the main negative relay via a copper busbar, connecting the negative circuit of the battery module to the main negative bus of the battery cabinet. Its structure is symmetrical to that of the positive terminal connector, consisting of a metal conductor terminal and an insulating shell. One end of the terminal is connected to the main negative relay, and the other end extends to the main negative bus via a copper busbar or cable, forming a complete current loop.

[0017] In a parallel configuration, the positive terminals of multiple battery packs are connected in parallel to a single main positive bus via copper busbars, while the negative terminals are connected in parallel to a single main negative bus, creating a parallel topology for the positive and negative output terminals of each battery pack. The control unit switches the main positive and negative relays based on commands from the monitoring unit, dynamically connecting or isolating the battery packs from the main bus.

[0018] Optionally, the control module includes a relay drive circuit, which is connected to the monitoring module via a signal line and to the main positive relay, main negative relay, and relays of the transfer module via control lines, for driving each relay on and off. By providing a relay drive circuit, efficient conversion of monitoring instructions to hardware actions is achieved, ensuring accurate execution of the dynamic voltage adjustment strategy and improving the response speed of circulating current suppression and power transfer.

[0019] Optionally, the transfer module includes a transfer relay and a discharge plug-in. The transfer relay is connected in parallel to the main positive relay and main negative relay of the battery pack, and the discharge plug-in is connected to the transfer relay. Specifically, the transfer relay of the transfer module is connected in parallel to the output side of the main positive relay and main negative relay. The input end of the transfer relay is connected to the positive and negative poles of the battery module via a copper busbar, and the output end is connected to the discharge plug-in via a copper busbar, for the purpose of transferring electrical energy to the power-consuming device in a targeted manner.

[0020] The discharge plug-in serves as the power output interface of the transfer unit. Specifically, it comprises a metal conductor terminal and an insulating housing. One end of the metal conductor terminal is connected to the output side of the transfer relay via a copper busbar, and the other end is connected to the power input of the electrical device via a cable or copper busbar, forming a power transfer path.

[0021] The transfer module is connected in parallel to the main positive and negative relays via transfer relays, and the discharge plug-in is connected to the transfer relays, forming an independent power transfer path. This structure allows excess power to be directly output to the power-consuming equipment through the transfer module, avoiding interference with the main circuit, improving energy transfer efficiency and system safety.

[0022] Optionally, the acquisition module includes a voltage acquisition circuit and a communication module. The input end of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery module, and the output end is connected to the monitoring module through the communication module. The voltage acquisition circuit of the acquisition module is directly connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery module, and the voltage signal is transmitted to the monitoring module through the communication module. This ensures the real-time and accuracy of voltage data, provides a reliable basis for dynamic control strategies, and reduces the risk of control failure due to signal delays or errors.

[0023] Optionally, the voltage acquisition circuit includes a voltage divider circuit and an analog-to-digital converter. The voltage divider circuit is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery module, and the analog-to-digital converter converts the divided analog signal into a digital signal and transmits it to the communication module. The voltage divider circuit divides the high-voltage signal of the battery module, and the analog-to-digital converter converts the analog signal into a digital signal and transmits it to the communication module. This reduces the hardware cost of high-voltage signal acquisition, improves signal processing accuracy, and avoids the risk of circuit damage caused by direct high-voltage connection.

[0024] Optionally, the electrical device is a 24V DC voltage device. Further optionally, the 24V DC voltage device includes at least one of a fan and a lighting device.

[0025] Optionally, the battery cabinet further includes a low-voltage power supply unit, which includes a DC / DC converter and an AC / DC converter; the input end of the DC / DC converter is connected to the transfer module, and the output end is connected to the 24V DC bus; the input end of the AC / DC converter is connected to an external AC power source, and the output end is connected to the 24V DC bus. The low-voltage power supply unit converts the electrical energy output by the transfer module into 24V DC power through the DC / DC converter, or converts the external AC power into DC power through the AC / DC converter. Both output ends are connected to the 24V DC bus, realizing multi-power redundant power supply, flexible switching of power supply during the charging or discharging phase, and ensuring uninterrupted operation of the low-voltage equipment.

[0026] The 24V DC voltage device is used as the power device because:

[0027] 24V DC voltage is a low-voltage power supply standard widely used in industrial and energy storage systems. It matches the rated voltage of auxiliary equipment such as fans and lighting devices. It can be directly connected without additional step-down conversion, reducing equipment complexity.

[0028] 24V DC falls within the safety extra-low voltage category. Its use inside a battery cabinet can reduce the risk of electric shock. It is also compatible with the power transfer path of the transfer unit (via a DC / DC converter), ensuring efficient power conversion and stable output.

[0029] During the charging phase, when the battery module voltage reaches the threshold, the transfer unit converts the excess charging current into 24V DC through a DC / DC converter and directly supplies it to the power-consuming equipment to avoid energy waste. During the discharging phase, low-voltage equipment is powered by the battery pack main circuit or external AC / DC converter, forming multi-source redundancy and improving power supply reliability.

[0030] The monitoring module is the centralized control core of the battery cabinet. Specifically, the monitoring module includes:

[0031] Data processing unit: receives battery module voltage data (such as single pack total voltage, voltage difference, etc.) uploaded by each acquisition module and performs dynamic analysis;

[0032] Communication interface unit: establishes two-way communication with the acquisition module and control module through CAN bus or RS485 protocol;

[0033] Control logic unit: Generates relay on / off instructions (such as closing or opening of the main positive relay, main negative relay, and transfer relay) based on the voltage data analysis results, and executes them through the control module.

[0034] During the charge and discharge process, the monitoring module dynamically monitors the voltage differences among parallel battery packs. When the voltage difference exceeds a threshold (e.g., 3V), it reallocates the charge and discharge priorities. For example, during the charging phase, the battery pack with the lowest voltage is charged first, and the control module closes its main positive and main negative relays while simultaneously opening the transfer relays until the voltages of all battery packs are balanced.

[0035] In a second aspect, a charging method for the battery cabinet includes the following steps:

[0036] The monitoring module detects the voltage of each battery pack whose main relay is not closed, dynamically identifies the first battery pack with the lowest voltage, and sends an instruction to the control module of the first battery pack to close the main positive relay and main negative relay of the first battery pack and open the transfer relay of the first battery pack to charge the first battery pack;

[0037] When the first battery pack is charged until the voltage difference between the first battery pack and the second battery pack with the lowest voltage among the remaining battery packs whose main relays are not closed is less than a first preset value, the monitoring module sends an instruction to the control module of the second battery pack to close its main positive relay and main negative relay and open the transfer relay of the second battery pack to charge the second battery pack;

[0038] Repeat the above steps of dynamically identifying the battery pack with the lowest voltage among the remaining battery packs whose main relays are not closed, closing its main relay, and disconnecting its transfer relay until the main positive relay and main negative relay of all battery packs are closed and the transfer relays of all battery packs are disconnected;

[0039] When all battery packs are being charged, if it is detected that the voltage difference between any two battery packs exceeds a second preset value, the voltage detection and relay control process is re-executed;

[0040] When the voltage of any battery pack reaches the upper threshold, its main positive relay and main negative relay are disconnected, and the transfer relay is closed to transfer the electric energy to the power-consuming equipment;

[0041] After all battery pack voltages reach the upper threshold, all transfer relays are disconnected to complete charging.

[0042] In a third aspect, a method for discharging the battery cabinet includes the following steps:

[0043] The monitoring module detects the voltage of each battery pack whose main relay is not closed, dynamically identifies the first battery pack with the highest voltage, and sends an instruction to the control module of the first battery pack to close the main positive relay and main negative relay of the first battery pack and open the transfer relay of the first battery pack to discharge the first battery pack;

[0044] When the first battery pack is discharged until the voltage difference between the first battery pack and the second battery pack with the highest voltage among the remaining battery packs whose main relays are not closed is less than a first preset value, the monitoring module sends an instruction to the control module of the second battery pack to close its main positive relay and main negative relay and open the transfer relay of the second battery pack to discharge the second battery pack;

[0045] Repeat the above steps of dynamically identifying the battery pack with the highest voltage among the remaining battery packs whose main relays are not closed, closing its main relay, and disconnecting the transfer relay until the main positive relay and main negative relay of all battery packs are closed and the transfer relays of all battery packs are disconnected;

[0046] When all battery packs are discharged, if it is detected that the voltage difference between any two battery packs exceeds a second preset value, the voltage detection and relay control process is re-executed;

[0047] When the voltage of any battery pack is lower than the lower threshold, its main positive relay and main negative relay are disconnected, and the transfer relay is kept disconnected;

[0048] After the voltage of all battery packs is lower than the lower threshold, the discharge process is completed.

[0049] In a fourth aspect, a method for supplying power to electrical equipment of the battery cabinet includes the following steps:

[0050] Power supply during charging phase:

[0051] When the voltage of any battery pack reaches the upper threshold, the control module disconnects its main positive relay and main negative relay, and closes the transfer relay, converting the charging current into a 24V DC power supply through the transfer module and DC / DC conversion device;

[0052] When the voltage of all battery packs does not reach the upper threshold, the external AC power is converted into a 24V DC power supply through the AC / DC conversion device;

[0053] Power supply during discharge phase:

[0054] The control module keeps the main positive relay and the main negative relay closed, and opens the transfer relay, converting the external AC power supply into a 24V DC power supply through the AC / DC conversion device.

[0055] Due to the application of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0056] 1. Each battery pack is connected in parallel, and the acquisition module collects the voltage signal of the battery module in real time. The monitoring module dynamically controls the start and stop of the transfer module based on the voltage difference, effectively suppressing the circulation phenomenon in the parallel system, reducing energy loss and extending battery life.

[0057] 2. The main positive relay and main negative relay are connected to the positive and negative poles of the battery module via copper busbars. Their on and off states are precisely controlled by the control module. If a single battery pack malfunctions, it can be quickly isolated to ensure continuous power supply to the remaining battery packs, improving system stability.

[0058] 3. The transfer module forms an independent power supply path through the transfer relay and discharge plug-in, and transfers the excess electrical energy during the charging and discharging process to 24V DC voltage devices (such as fans and lighting devices), reducing energy waste and optimizing the power supply efficiency of low-voltage equipment.

[0059] 4. The low-voltage power supply unit integrates DC / DC conversion equipment and AC / DC conversion equipment. It can use transferred electric energy to supply power during the charging phase and switch to an external AC power supply during the discharging phase, realizing seamless switching of the 24V DC bus and ensuring uninterrupted operation of low-voltage equipment.

[0060] In order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0062] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the topological structure of the battery cabinet in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the topological structure of a battery pack in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the battery cabinet connection structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 4 1 is a schematic flow chart of the charging process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 5 1 is a flow chart of the discharge process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply process of a low-voltage device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of current flow after the battery pack reaches the upper limit threshold during the charging process in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] The figure marks of the above drawings are: 1. Battery pack; 11. Battery module; 111. Battery cell; 12. Acquisition module; 13. Transfer module; 131. Transfer relay; 132. Discharge plug-in; 14. Control module; 15. Main positive relay; 16. Main negative relay; 17. Fire protection module; 2. Monitoring module; 3. Electrical equipment; 4. DC / DC conversion equipment; 5. AC / DC conversion equipment; 6. Cabinet-level fire protection module; 7. Auxiliary power supply. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0071] Example 1: See Figure 1As shown, a battery cabinet includes at least two battery packs 1, a monitoring module 2, and electrical devices 3. The battery packs 1 are connected in parallel and each includes a battery module 11, a collection module 12 for collecting voltage signals from the battery module 11, a transfer module 13 for transferring electrical energy from the battery module 11, and a control module 14 connected to the transfer module 13. The monitoring module 2 is in communication with each of the collection modules 12 and the control module 14. The electrical devices 3 are connected to the transfer module 13 to receive the transferred electrical energy.

[0072] In an alternative embodiment, see Figure 2 As shown, the battery module 11 of each battery pack 1 is composed of more than 150 series-connected battery cells 111. The positive electrode of a battery cell 111 is sequentially connected to the negative electrode of an adjacent battery cell 111 through a copper busbar to form a series link.

[0073] In an alternative embodiment, see Figure 3 As shown, each of the battery packs 1 also includes a main positive relay 15 and a main negative relay 16. The main positive relay 15 is connected to the positive pole of the battery module 11 through a copper busbar, and the main negative relay 16 is connected to the negative pole of the battery module 11 through a copper busbar. The output ends of the main positive relay 15 and the main negative relay 16 extend to the positive and negative plug-ins of the battery pack 1, respectively. The positive plug-ins of multiple battery packs 1 are connected in parallel to the main positive bus through the copper busbar, and the negative plug-ins are connected in parallel to the main negative bus, forming a parallel topology. By connecting the main positive relay 15 and the main negative relay 16 to the positive and negative poles of the battery module 11, respectively, through the copper busbar, the safe on and off of the main circuit of the battery pack 1 is achieved. The setting of the main relay can quickly isolate the abnormal battery pack 1 to avoid the spread of faults, and uniformly control it through the monitoring module 2 to ensure the stable operation of the parallel system.

[0074] In an optional embodiment, the positive electrode plug-in is the output end interface of the main positive relay 15 inside the battery pack 1, which is connected to the output side of the main positive relay 15 through a copper busbar, and is used to transmit the positive power of the battery module 11 to the main positive bus of the battery cabinet. Specifically, the positive electrode plug-in includes a metal conductor terminal and an insulating shell, wherein one end of the metal conductor terminal is connected to the main positive relay 15 through a copper busbar, and the other end is connected to the main positive bus of the battery cabinet through a copper busbar or a cable, forming an external connection path for the positive electrode of the battery pack 1. The negative electrode plug-in is the output end interface of the main negative relay 16 inside the battery pack 1, which is connected to the output side of the main negative relay 16 through a copper busbar, and is used to connect the negative circuit of the battery module 11 to the main negative bus of the battery cabinet. Its structure is symmetrical with the positive electrode plug-in, including a metal conductor terminal and an insulating shell, one end of the terminal is connected to the main negative relay 16, and the other end extends to the main negative bus through a copper busbar or a cable, forming a complete current loop.

[0075] In one optional embodiment, the input end of the acquisition module 12 is directly connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery module 11. Optionally, the acquisition module 12 includes a voltage acquisition circuit and a communication module. The input end of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery module 11, and the output end is communicatively connected to the monitoring module 2 via the communication module. The voltage acquisition circuit of the acquisition module 12 is directly connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery module 11, and the voltage signal is transmitted to the monitoring module 2 via the communication module, ensuring the real-time and accuracy of the voltage data, providing a reliable basis for dynamic control strategies, and reducing the risk of control failure due to signal delays or errors.

[0076] In an optional embodiment, the voltage acquisition circuit includes a voltage divider circuit and an analog-to-digital converter. The voltage divider circuit divides the high voltage signal of the battery module 11 and transmits it to the analog-to-digital converter, converts it into a digital signal, and uploads it to the monitoring module 2 through the communication module.

[0077] In an optional embodiment, the monitoring module 2 sends instructions to the control module 14 via the CAN bus. Further optionally, the monitoring module 2 includes a data processing unit, a communication interface unit, and a control logic unit. The data processing unit receives the voltage data of the battery modules 11 (such as the total voltage of a single pack, the voltage difference, etc.) uploaded by each acquisition module 12 and performs dynamic analysis. The communication interface unit establishes two-way communication with the acquisition module 12 and the control module 14 via the CAN bus or RS485 protocol. The control logic unit generates relay on / off instructions (such as the closing or opening of the main positive relay 15, the main negative relay 16, and the transfer relay 131) based on the voltage data analysis results, and executes them through the control module 14. During the charging and discharging process, the monitoring module 2 dynamically monitors the voltage difference of the parallel battery packs 1. When the voltage difference exceeds a threshold (such as 3V), the charging and discharging priority is reallocated. For example, during the charging phase, the battery pack 1 with the lowest voltage is charged first, and its main positive relay 15 and main negative relay 16 are closed by the control module 14, while the transfer relay 131 is opened until the voltage of all battery packs 1 is balanced.

[0078] In an optional embodiment, the transfer module 13 includes a transfer relay 131 and a discharge plug-in 132. The transfer relay 131 is connected in parallel to the main positive relay 15 and the main negative relay 16 of the battery pack 1, and the discharge plug-in 132 is connected to the transfer relay 131. Specifically, the transfer relay 131 of the transfer module 13 is connected in parallel to the output side of the main positive relay 15 and the main negative relay 16. The input end of the transfer relay 131 is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery module 11 via a copper busbar, and the output end is connected to the discharge plug-in 132 via a copper busbar, for directional transfer of electrical energy to the power-consuming device 3.

[0079] The discharge plug-in 132 is the power output interface of the transfer unit. Optionally, the discharge plug-in 132 includes a metal conductor terminal and an insulating shell. One end of the metal conductor terminal is connected to the output side of the transfer relay 131 via a copper busbar, and the other end is connected to the power input of the power-consuming device 3 via a cable or copper busbar, forming a power transfer path.

[0080] In an optional embodiment, the control module 14 includes a relay drive circuit, which is connected to the monitoring module 2 via a signal line and to the main positive relay 15, the main negative relay 16, and the relay of the transfer module 13 via control lines, for driving the on and off of each relay. The provision of a relay drive circuit enables efficient conversion of monitoring instructions into hardware actions, ensuring accurate execution of the dynamic voltage adjustment strategy and improving the response speed of circulating current suppression and power transfer.

[0081] In an optional embodiment, a fire protection module 17 is integrated in the battery pack 1, which monitors the internal status of the battery module 11 in real time through a temperature sensor and a smoke detector. When an abnormal temperature or excessive smoke concentration is detected, the fire protection module 17 automatically triggers the inert gas injection device to suppress the spread of battery thermal runaway, and at the same time sends an alarm signal to the monitoring module 2, driving the control module 14 to immediately disconnect the main relay to cut off the high-voltage circuit.

[0082] In an optional embodiment, a cabinet-level fire-fighting module 617 is provided in the battery cabinet. The cabinet-level fire-fighting module 617 is linked with the fire-fighting module 17 in the battery pack 1, and the entire internal space of the battery cabinet is covered by distributed fire-extinguishing agent nozzles. When any battery pack 1 triggers a fire alarm, the cabinet-level fire-fighting module 617 synchronously initiates full-area fire extinguishing to prevent the fire from spreading to adjacent battery packs 1 or external equipment.

[0083] In an optional embodiment, the battery cabinet also includes an auxiliary power supply 7 module, whose input end is connected to the external AC power supply and the DC / DC conversion device 4, and the output end provides uninterrupted power to the monitoring module 2, the drive control module 14 and the fire protection module 17, ensuring the continuous operation of the monitoring and control system when the main power supply fails or the charging and discharging is interrupted, while supporting the emergency startup requirements of the fire protection module 17.

[0084] The coordinated design of the fire protection module 17 and the auxiliary power supply 7 above realizes multi-layer safety protection from the single package level to the cabinet level, ensuring the rapid response and reliable isolation of the battery system under abnormal working conditions, while guaranteeing the power supply continuity of key control units, meeting the technical requirements of high safety and stability.

[0085] In an optional embodiment, the electrical device 3 is a 24V DC voltage device. Further optionally, the 24V DC voltage device includes at least one of a fan and a lighting device.

[0086] In an optional embodiment, the battery cabinet further includes a low-voltage power supply unit, which includes at least one of a DC / DC converter 4 and an AC / DC converter 5; the input end of the DC / DC converter 4 is connected to the transfer module 13, and the output end is connected to the 24V DC bus; the input end of the AC / DC converter 5 is connected to an external AC power source, and the output end is connected to the 24V DC bus. The low-voltage power supply unit converts the electrical energy output by the transfer module 13 into 24V DC power through the DC / DC converter 4, or converts the external AC power into DC power through the AC / DC converter 5. Both output ends are connected to the 24V DC bus, realizing multi-power redundant power supply, flexible switching of power supply during the charging or discharging phase, and ensuring uninterrupted operation of the low-voltage equipment.

[0087] See also Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment also discloses a charging method for the battery cabinet, comprising the following steps:

[0088] S101 , identifying the first battery pack with the lowest voltage and starting charging.

[0089] The monitoring module 2 detects the voltage of each battery pack 1 whose main relay is not closed, dynamically identifies the first battery pack with the lowest voltage, and sends an instruction to the control module 14 of the first battery pack to close its main positive relay 15 and main negative relay 16, and disconnect the transfer relay 131 of the first battery pack to charge the first battery pack.

[0090] S102: Start charging the second battery pack when the voltage difference meets a first preset value.

[0091] When the voltage difference between the first battery pack and the second battery pack with the lowest voltage among the remaining battery packs 1 whose main relays have not been closed is less than a first preset value, the monitoring module 2 sends a command to the control module 14 of the second battery pack to close its main positive relay 15 and main negative relay 16 and open the transfer relay 131 of the second battery pack, thereby charging the second battery pack. The first preset value may be 0.5V.

[0092] S103, cycle identification and closing until all battery packs are charged.

[0093] Repeat the above steps of dynamically identifying the battery pack 1 with the lowest voltage among the remaining battery packs 1 whose main relays are not closed, closing its main relay, and disconnecting the transfer relay 131, until the main positive relay 15 and the main negative relay 16 of all battery packs 1 are closed and the transfer relays 131 of all battery packs 1 are disconnected.

[0094] S104: Re-detect and control when the voltage abnormality exceeds a second preset value.

[0095] When all battery packs 1 are being charged, if it is detected that the voltage difference between any two battery packs 1 exceeds a second preset value, the voltage detection and relay control process is re-executed. The second preset value may be 3V.

[0096] S105: When the voltage reaches an upper threshold, the electric energy is transferred to the electric equipment.

[0097] When the voltage of any battery pack 1 reaches the upper threshold, its main positive relay 15 and main negative relay 16 are disconnected, and the transfer relay 131 is closed to transfer electric energy to the power-consuming device 3 .

[0098] S106: After the battery is fully charged, disconnect the battery and transfer the battery to complete the charging process.

[0099] After the voltages of all battery packs 1 reach the upper threshold, all transfer relays 131 are disconnected to complete charging.

[0100] See also Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment also discloses a discharging method for the battery cabinet, comprising the following steps:

[0101] S201 , identifying the first battery pack with the highest voltage and starting discharge.

[0102] The monitoring module 2 detects the voltage of each battery pack 1 whose main relay is not closed, dynamically identifies the first battery pack with the highest voltage, and sends an instruction to the control module 14 of the first battery pack to close its main positive relay 15 and main negative relay 16, and disconnect the transfer relay 131 of the first battery pack to discharge the first battery pack.

[0103] S202 : Start discharging the second battery pack when the voltage difference meets a first preset value.

[0104] When the first battery pack is discharged until the voltage difference between the first battery pack and the second battery pack with the highest voltage among the remaining battery packs 1 whose main relays are not closed is less than a first preset value, the monitoring module 2 sends a command to the control module 14 of the second battery pack 1 to close its main positive relay 15 and main negative relay 16 and open the transfer relay 131 of the second battery pack, thereby discharging the second battery pack. The first preset value may be 0.5V.

[0105] S203, cycle identification and closing until all battery packs are discharged.

[0106] Repeat the above steps of dynamically identifying the battery pack 1 with the highest voltage among the remaining battery packs 1 whose main relays are not closed, closing its main relay and disconnecting the transfer relay 131, until the main positive relay 15 and the main negative relay 16 of all battery packs 1 are closed and the transfer relays 131 of all battery packs 1 are disconnected.

[0107] S204: Re-detect and control when the voltage abnormality exceeds the second preset value.

[0108] When all battery packs 1 are discharging, if it is detected that the voltage difference between any two battery packs 1 exceeds a second preset value, the voltage detection and relay control process is re-executed. The second preset value may be 3V.

[0109] S205: When the voltage is lower than the lower threshold, the main relay is disconnected.

[0110] When the voltage of any battery pack 1 is lower than the lower threshold, its main positive relay 15 and main negative relay 16 are disconnected, and the transfer relay 131 is kept disconnected.

[0111] S206: After all the energy is emptied, the discharge is completed.

[0112] After the voltages of all battery packs 1 are lower than the lower threshold, the discharge process is completed.

[0113] See also Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment also discloses a method for powering the electrical equipment of the battery cabinet, comprising the following steps:

[0114] Power supply during charging phase:

[0115] When the voltage of any battery pack 1 reaches the upper threshold, the control module 14 disconnects its main positive relay 15 and main negative relay 16, and closes the transfer relay 131, converting the charging current into a 24V DC power supply through the transfer module 13 and the DC / DC converter 4;

[0116] When the voltage of all battery packs 1 does not reach the upper threshold, the external AC power is converted into a 24V DC power supply through the AC / DC conversion device 5;

[0117] Power supply during discharge phase:

[0118] The control module 14 keeps the main positive relay 15 and the main negative relay 16 closed, and opens the transfer relay 131 , and converts the external AC power into a 24V DC power supply through the AC / DC conversion device 5 .

[0119] The main relay includes a main positive relay 15 and a main negative relay 16 .

[0120] Dynamic identification refers to the process by which the monitoring module 2 continuously detects the real-time voltage status of each parallel battery pack 1 during battery cabinet operation and dynamically selects the target for operation based on the voltage data of the battery pack 1 whose main relay is not currently closed. Specifically, during the charging phase, the monitoring module 2 obtains the voltage signals of the battery pack 1 whose main relay is not currently closed in real time through the acquisition module 12, dynamically identifies the first battery pack 1 with the lowest voltage, and sends a command to its control module 14 to close the main positive relay 15 and the main negative relay 16, while simultaneously disconnecting the transfer relay 131, thereby connecting this battery pack 1 to the charging circuit. When the first battery pack 1 is charged to the point where the voltage difference between its voltage and the voltage of the second battery pack 1 with the lowest voltage among the remaining battery packs 1 whose main relays are not closed is less than a first preset value, the monitoring module 2 dynamically identifies and controls the relay status of the second battery pack 1 again, connecting it to the charging circuit. This process is repeated until the main relays of all battery packs 1 are closed and all transfer relays 131 are disconnected. During the discharging phase, the same dynamic identification logic is applied to the selection of the battery pack 1 with the highest voltage. If the voltage difference between any two battery packs 1 exceeds a second preset value, monitoring module 2 will restart the voltage detection and relay control process to ensure voltage balance between battery packs 1. Through this dynamic identification mechanism, the system can respond to changes in the status of battery packs 1 in real time, accurately control charging and discharging priorities, effectively suppress circulating currents, and improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0121] Specific embodiments are used in the present invention to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core ideas. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there may be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery cabinet, characterized in that: include: At least two battery packs, each battery pack connected in parallel, each battery pack comprising a battery module, a collection module for collecting voltage signals of the battery module, a transfer module for transferring electrical energy from the battery module, and a control module connected to the transfer module; The monitoring module is in communication with each acquisition module and the control module; The electric device is connected to the transfer module to receive the transferred electric energy.

2. The battery cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each battery pack further includes a main positive relay and a main negative relay. The main positive relay is connected to the positive electrode of the battery module through a copper busbar, and the main negative relay is connected to the negative electrode of the battery module through a copper busbar.

3. The battery cabinet according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control module includes a relay drive circuit, which is connected to the monitoring module through a signal line and is respectively connected to the main positive relay, the main negative relay and the relay of the transfer module through a control line, and is used to drive the on and off of each relay.

4. The battery cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transfer module includes a transfer relay and a discharge plug-in. The transfer relay is connected in parallel to the main positive relay and the main negative relay of the battery pack. The discharge plug-in is connected to the transfer relay.

5. The battery cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acquisition module includes a voltage acquisition circuit and a communication module. The input end of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module, and the output end is connected to the monitoring module through the communication module.

6. The battery cabinet according to claim 5, characterized in that: The voltage acquisition circuit includes a voltage divider circuit and an analog-to-digital converter. The voltage divider circuit is connected to the positive and negative poles of the battery module. The analog-to-digital converter converts the divided analog signal into a digital signal and transmits it to the communication module.

7. The battery cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical equipment is a 24V DC voltage equipment.

8. The battery cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery cabinet further includes a DC / DC conversion device, wherein an input end of the DC / DC conversion device is connected to the transfer module, and an output end of the DC / DC conversion device is connected to a 24V DC bus.

9. The battery cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery cabinet further comprises an AC / DC conversion device; the input end of the AC / DC conversion device is connected to an external AC power source, and the output end is connected to a 24V DC bus.

10. A charging method for a battery cabinet according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The monitoring module detects the voltage of each battery pack whose main relay is not closed, dynamically identifies the first battery pack with the lowest voltage, and sends an instruction to the control module of the first battery pack to close the main positive relay and main negative relay of the first battery pack and open the transfer relay of the first battery pack to charge the first battery pack; When the first battery pack is charged until the voltage difference between the first battery pack and the second battery pack with the lowest voltage among the remaining battery packs whose main relays are not closed is less than a first preset value, the monitoring module sends an instruction to the control module of the second battery pack to close its main positive relay and main negative relay and open the transfer relay of the second battery pack to charge the second battery pack; Repeat the above steps of dynamically identifying the battery pack with the lowest voltage among the remaining battery packs whose main relays are not closed, closing its main relay, and disconnecting its transfer relay until the main positive relay and main negative relay of all battery packs are closed and the transfer relays of all battery packs are disconnected; When all battery packs are being charged, if it is detected that the voltage difference between any two battery packs exceeds a second preset value, the voltage detection and relay control process is re-executed; When the voltage of any battery pack reaches the upper threshold, its main positive relay and main negative relay are disconnected, and the transfer relay is closed to transfer the electric energy to the power-consuming equipment; After all battery pack voltages reach the upper threshold, all transfer relays are disconnected to complete charging.

11. A discharging method for a battery cabinet according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The monitoring module detects the voltage of each battery pack whose main relay is not closed, dynamically identifies the first battery pack with the highest voltage, and sends an instruction to the control module of the first battery pack to close the main positive relay and main negative relay of the first battery pack and open the transfer relay of the first battery pack to discharge the first battery pack; When the first battery pack is discharged until the voltage difference between the first battery pack and the second battery pack with the highest voltage among the remaining battery packs whose main relays are not closed is less than a first preset value, the monitoring module sends an instruction to the control module of the second battery pack to close its main positive relay and main negative relay and open the transfer relay of the second battery pack to discharge the second battery pack; Repeat the above steps of dynamically identifying the battery pack with the highest voltage among the remaining battery packs whose main relays are not closed, closing its main relay, and disconnecting the transfer relay until the main positive relay and main negative relay of all battery packs are closed and the transfer relays of all battery packs are disconnected; When all battery packs are being discharged, if it is detected that the voltage difference between any two battery packs exceeds a second preset value, the voltage detection and relay control process is re-executed; When the voltage of any battery pack is lower than the lower threshold, its main positive relay and main negative relay are disconnected, and the transfer relay is kept disconnected; After the voltage of all battery packs is lower than the lower threshold, the discharge process is completed.

12. A method for supplying power to electrical equipment of a battery cabinet according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Power supply during charging phase: When the voltage of any battery pack reaches the upper threshold, the control module disconnects its main positive relay and main negative relay, and closes the transfer relay, converting the charging current into a 24V DC power supply through the transfer module and DC / DC conversion device; When the voltage of all battery packs does not reach the upper threshold, the external AC power is converted into a 24V DC power supply through the AC / DC conversion device; Power supply during discharge phase: The control module keeps the main positive relay and the main negative relay closed, and opens the transfer relay, converting the external AC power supply into a 24V DC power supply through the AC / DC conversion device.

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