Asynchronous motor rotor loop series resistance wireless multistage speed regulation system and method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an asynchronous motor rotor loop series resistance wireless multistage speed regulation system and method, and the system comprises a stator assembly, a rotor assembly and a base, and also comprises a rotating shaft of a hollow structure, a speed regulation disc circuit layer comprising a speed regulation module, a signal wireless transmitting device, a signal receiving device and a far-end speed regulation control system. An A-phase winding, a B-phase winding and a C-phase winding on the rotor side are led into the hollow part of the rotating shaft through an A-phase lead-in wire hole, a B-phase lead-in wire hole and a C-phase lead-in wire hole respectively, then led out to a speed regulation disc circuit layer from an A-phase lead-out wire hole, a B-phase lead-out wire hole and a C-phase lead-out wire hole respectively and connected with corresponding speed regulation modules on the speed regulation disc circuit layer in series. The speed regulation disc circuit layer is provided with a single-chip microcomputer, an isolation optocoupler, a speed regulation module and circuit elements, the circuit elements are evenly distributed on the speed regulation disc circuit layer in an axial symmetry mode according to mass, the signal wireless transmitting device is connected with a far-end speed regulation control system, and the signal receiving device is connected with the single-chip microcomputer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical fields of motor structure, power electronics, and industrial Internet of Things, and in particular to a wireless multi-stage speed regulation system and method thereof for an asynchronous motor rotor circuit with series resistance. Background Art

[0002] With the development of motor technology, people's demand for motors is getting higher and higher. When regulating the speed of traditional wound three-phase asynchronous motors, a resistor needs to be connected in series in the rotor circuit (taking star connection as an example). Specifically, the rotor circuit series resistor is realized through the dynamic contact between the high-speed rotating slip ring and the stationary brush, and the switching devices are not connected in parallel with the resistors one by one ( Figure 20 ), there are problems such as large change in contact resistance between the slip ring and the stationary brush, poor reliability, and rapid wear of components; this traditional speed control method of series resistance in the rotor circuit has defects such as few speed control levels, low speed control accuracy, rapid brush loss, and high failure rate. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention proposes a wireless multi-stage speed regulation system and method for an asynchronous motor rotor circuit with a resistor in series. By adopting a wireless control and power semiconductor device combined control scheme instead of the traditional scheme of introducing rotor resistance through brushes and slip rings, the influence of the uncontrollable contact resistance of the brushes and slip rings on the speed regulation accuracy is eliminated, thereby improving the reliability of the operation of the speed regulation system of the wound-rotor asynchronous motor rotor circuit with a resistor in series.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] An asynchronous motor rotor circuit series resistor wireless multi-stage speed regulation system includes a stator assembly, a rotor assembly, and a base. The stator assembly includes a stator, a stator core, and a stator winding. The rotor assembly includes a rotor, a rotor core, and a rotor winding. The system is characterized in that it also includes a hollow rotating shaft, a speed regulating disc circuit layer including a speed regulating module, a wireless signal transmitter, a signal receiver, and a remote speed regulating control system. The A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase windings on the rotor side are respectively introduced into the hollow portion of the rotating shaft through the A-phase lead-in hole, the B-phase lead-in hole, and the C-phase lead-in hole, and then respectively led out from the A-phase lead-out hole, the B-phase lead-out hole, and the C-phase lead-out hole to the speed regulating disc circuit layer and connected in series with the corresponding speed regulating modules thereon.

[0006] The speed regulating disc circuit layer is provided with a single chip microcomputer, an isolation optical coupler, a speed regulating module and circuit elements uniformly and axially symmetrically distributed on the speed regulating disc circuit layer.

[0007] The speed control module is composed of high-power resistors connected in series and switching devices connected in parallel to each high-power resistor. If the number of high-power resistors in series in each phase is n, the maximum speed control module can achieve is A non-repeated resistance value combination, that is, excluding the speed corresponding to the inherent mechanical characteristics of the asynchronous motor, can achieve a maximum of Level speed regulation,

[0008] The signal wireless sending device is connected to the remote speed control system, the signal receiving device is connected to the single-chip microcomputer, the signal wireless sending device includes a light-emitting diode and an optical fiber head, the signal receiving device includes a light-shielding insulating cylinder and a photosensitive transistor, the outer diameter of the optical fiber head is smaller than the inner diameter of the light-shielding insulating cylinder, the photosensitive transistor is placed inside the rotating light-shielding insulating cylinder, and the end face of the stationary optical fiber head is aligned with the center of the light-shielding insulating cylinder.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the high-power resistor includes resistor R6, resistor R7, resistor R8, resistor R9, and resistor R10, and the switching electrical appliance includes a bidirectional thyristor, and the resistors R6, resistor R7, resistor R8, resistor R9, and resistor R10 are respectively connected in parallel with a bidirectional thyristor, and the bidirectional thyristor is connected to an isolation optocoupler and is controlled on and off by a single-chip microcomputer.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the single-chip microcomputer is an AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer, pin 9 of the AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer is connected to the system reset, pin 18 and pin 19 are connected to the clock system, and pin 21, pin 22, pin 23, pin 24, and pin 25 are respectively connected to isolation optocouplers.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the signal receiving device also includes a phototransistor fixed insulating chassis, the phototransistor fixed insulating chassis fixes the light-shielding insulating cylinder thereon through a first fixing hole, and is fixed to the end face of the rotating shaft through a second fixing hole, and the light-shielding insulating cylinder, the phototransistor fixed insulating chassis and the axis of the rotating shaft rotate repeatedly and synchronously.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the outer diameter of the optical fiber head is 1~2mm smaller than the inner diameter of the light-shielding insulating cylinder, the effective length of the optical fiber head is 3~5mm smaller than the length of the light-shielding insulating cylinder, and the length of the light-shielding insulating cylinder is 3~5cm.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the signal transmission and reception of the AT89C51 single chip microcomputer can also adopt a Bluetooth control module to receive wireless Bluetooth signals and send them to the AT89C51 single chip microcomputer through the B_TX pin as a signal input;

[0014] The Zigbee control module is used to receive wireless signals and send them to the AT89C51 microcontroller through the TX pin as signal input;

[0015] Use Wi-Fi to realize wireless speed control signal transmission;

[0016] At the transmitting end, an LCD screen is used to output a barcode or QR code to represent the speed regulation information. The barcode or QR code can be displayed in a square or circular form. The receiving head uses a camera to take pictures or a barcode scanner to scan the circle to obtain the speed regulation information. The QR code can be directly photographed or scanned by a camera to obtain information.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: it also includes a heat dissipation aluminum disc, which is fixed to the speed regulation disc circuit layer through a fixing column, and the bottom surface of the heat dissipation aluminum disc is closely attached to the side of the speed regulation module on which the high-power resistor and the switch electrical appliance are installed, and is connected to the rotating shaft through a keyway structure and rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft, and a heat dissipation aluminum disc air duct is provided on the top surface of the heat dissipation aluminum disc.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the fixed column includes a fixed column Z1, a fixed column Z2, a fixed column Z3 and a fixed column Z4, one end of the fixed column Z1, the fixed column Z2, the fixed column Z3 and the fixed column Z4 is vertically fixed on the bottom surface of the heat dissipation aluminum disc, and the other end is fixed on the circuit layer of the speed regulation disc.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: an involute protrusion is provided on the top surface of the heat dissipation aluminum disc, and the heat dissipation aluminum disc air duct is formed by the involute protrusion, and a heat dissipation aluminum disc air inlet is formed at its end. When the rotating shaft rotates forward, air enters the heat dissipation aluminum disc air duct through the heat dissipation aluminum disc air inlet, thereby dissipating heat to the speed regulation module and the electronic components thereon.

[0020] Based on the above technical structure: the asynchronous motor rotor circuit series resistance wireless multi-stage speed regulation system proposed by the present invention includes a stator assembly, a rotor assembly and a base, the stator assembly includes a stator, a stator core and a stator winding, the rotor assembly includes a rotor, a rotor core and a rotor winding,

[0021] The present invention provides a hollow rotating shaft, a speed regulating disc circuit layer including a speed regulating module, a wireless signal transmitter, a signal receiver, and a remote speed regulating control system. The A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase windings on the rotor side are introduced into the hollow portion of the rotating shaft through the A-phase lead-in hole, the B-phase lead-in hole, and the C-phase lead-in hole, respectively. The windings are then led out from the A-phase lead-out hole, the B-phase lead-out hole, and the C-phase lead-out hole to the speed regulating disc circuit layer and connected in series with the corresponding speed regulating modules thereon.

[0022] The speed regulating disc circuit layer is equipped with a single chip microcomputer, an isolation optical coupler, a speed regulating module and circuit elements that are evenly and axially distributed on the speed regulating disc circuit layer.

[0023] The speed control module is composed of high-power resistors connected in series and switches connected in parallel to each high-power resistor. The switch of each high-power resistor is controlled by the microcontroller through the isolation optocoupler to adjust the resistance of the series high-power resistor. If the number of high-power resistors in series per phase is n, the maximum value that can be achieved is A non-repeated resistance value combination, that is, excluding the speed corresponding to the inherent mechanical characteristics of the asynchronous motor, can achieve a maximum of Level speed regulation,

[0024] The signal wireless transmitting device is connected to the remote speed control system, and the signal receiving device is connected to the single-chip microcomputer. The signal wireless transmitting device includes a light-emitting diode and a fiber optic head, and the signal receiving device includes a light-shielding insulating cylinder and a photosensitive transistor. The outer diameter of the fiber optic head is smaller than the inner diameter of the light-shielding insulating cylinder. The photosensitive transistor is placed inside the rotating light-shielding insulating cylinder, and the end face of the stationary fiber optic head is aligned with the center of the light-shielding insulating cylinder. The remote speed control system drives the light-emitting diode to emit a binary light signal, which passes through the rotating light-shielding insulating cylinder through the fiber optic head and is irradiated to the photosensitive transistor, and is converted into an electrical signal and input into the single-chip microcomputer.

[0025] The rotor circuit of the present invention utilizes resistors that are welded directly to the rotor circuit rather than through brushes and slip rings. This eliminates the need for direct connection of the resistance control circuit to the rotating shaft, the speed control disk circuit layer, the heat dissipating aluminum disk, and the light-shielding insulating cylinder through keyways. A remote speed control system sends signals to an AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer to control the size of a speed control module connected to an isolation optocoupler to achieve speed regulation requirements. Due to the use of a single-chip microcomputer drive, the present invention is well suited for wireless speed regulation of three-phase asynchronous motors in different gears, and provides excellent electromagnetic isolation, reducing electromagnetic influence on control signals. The present invention effectively addresses the adverse effects of low speed regulation accuracy and inconvenience in different applications for three-phase asynchronous motors.

[0026] The present invention eliminates the dynamic contact structure between the high-speed rotating slip ring and the stationary brush. Instead, the series speed regulating resistors R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 in the speed regulating module are directly connected to the rotor circuit by soldering. The motor speed regulating control circuit is connected together by a key and keyway structure and rotates synchronously with the rotor. At the same time, wireless transmission is used to realize the transmission of the external speed regulating signal to the motor. In this way, the problems of large contact resistance variation, poor reliability and rapid wear of components between the slip ring and the stationary brush can be effectively eliminated. Another main feature of the invention is that the number of switching electrical appliances (such as bidirectional thyristors) is the same as the number of series resistors and they are connected in parallel one by one. If the number of series resistors in each phase is n, then in actual operation, a maximum of A non-repeated resistance value combination, that is, even if the speed corresponding to the inherent mechanical characteristics of the motor is not considered, the maximum speed can be achieved Level speed regulation.

[0027] The speed regulation module is also cooled by setting a heat dissipation aluminum disc. Its structure includes: the heat dissipation aluminum disc is fixed to the speed regulation disc circuit layer through a fixing column, and the bottom surface of the heat dissipation aluminum disc is tightly attached to the side of the speed regulation module on which a high-power resistor and a switch electrical appliance are installed, and is connected to the rotating shaft through a keyway structure and rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft. A heat dissipation aluminum disc air duct is provided on the top surface of the heat dissipation aluminum disc, and a heat dissipation aluminum disc air inlet is formed at the end thereof. When the rotating shaft rotates forward, air flow is sucked into the heat dissipation aluminum disc air duct from the heat dissipation aluminum disc air inlet, and the heat of the power devices in the speed regulation module is efficiently discharged by utilizing the high thermal conductivity of aluminum material and forced air cooling.

[0028] The invention discloses a wireless multi-stage speed regulation method using a resistor in series with an asynchronous motor rotor circuit, which is characterized by comprising the following steps.

[0029] The remote speed control system issues a speed control instruction according to the process requirements. At this time, the remote speed control system will drive the light emitting diode to emit a binary light signal, which passes through the rotating cylinder through the optical fiber head and illuminates the photosensitive transistor, and is converted into an electrical signal and input into the signal receiving pin of the microcontroller. After the microcontroller analyzes the signal instruction received by the signal receiving pin, it outputs the control signal to the isolation optocoupler through the signal output port, and controls the on and off of the bidirectional thyristors arranged in parallel in the speed control module through the isolation optocoupler. By controlling the on-off combination of the bidirectional thyristors, the resistance value is accurately connected to the rotor circuit, thereby achieving the speed control target.

[0030] Based on the above method: If 5 resistors are connected in series per phase as an example, the present invention realizes A method of non-repeating resistance value combination is: assuming R6 (12) = 1Ω, R7 (13) = 2Ω, R8 (14) = 4Ω, R9 (15) = 8Ω, R10 (16) = 16Ω, if R7, R8, R9, R10 are short-circuited, then only R6 = 1Ω is connected in series with the rotor circuit, and the resistance of the connected resistance is 1Ω; if R6, R8, R9, R10 are short-circuited, then only R7 = 2Ω is connected in series with the rotor circuit, and the resistance of the connected resistance is 2Ω; if R8, R9, R10 are short-circuited, then R6 = 1Ω, R7 = 2Ω is connected in series with the rotor circuit, and the resistance of the connected resistance is R6 + R7 = 3Ω; if R6, R7, R9, R10 are short-circuited, then only R8 = 4Ω is connected in series with the rotor circuit, and the resistance of the connected resistance is 4Ω; if R7, R9, R10 are short-circuited , then R6=1Ω and R8=4Ω are connected in series to the rotor circuit, and the resistance of the connected resistance is R6+R8=5Ω; if R6, R9, and R10 are short-circuited, then R7=2Ω and R8=4Ω are connected in series to the rotor circuit, and the resistance of the connected resistance is R7+R8=6Ω; if R9 and R10 are short-circuited, then R6=1Ω, R7=2Ω, and R8=4Ω are connected in series to the rotor circuit, and the resistance of the connected resistance is R6+R7+R8=7Ω; if R6, R7, R8, and R10 are short-circuited, then only R9=8Ω is connected in series to the rotor circuit; and so on... If no resistor is short-circuited, then R6=1Ω, R7=2Ω, R8=4Ω, R9=8Ω, and R10=16Ω are connected in series to the rotor circuit, and the resistance of the connected resistance is R6+R7+R8+R9+R10=31Ω.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] The present invention eliminates the dynamic contact structure between the high-speed rotating slip ring and the stationary brush. Instead, the series speed control resistors R6, R7, R8, R9, and R10 in the speed control module are directly connected to the rotor circuit by soldering. The motor speed control circuit is connected together through a key and keyway structure and rotates synchronously with the rotor. At the same time, wireless transmission is used to realize the transmission of the external speed control signal to the motor. In this way, the problems of large contact resistance variation, poor reliability, and rapid component wear between the slip ring and the stationary brush can be effectively eliminated.

[0033] In the present invention, the number of switching devices (such as bidirectional thyristors) is the same as the number of series resistors and they are connected in parallel one by one. If the number of series resistors in each phase is n, the maximum number that can be achieved in actual operation is A non-repeated resistance value combination, that is, even if the speed corresponding to the inherent mechanical characteristics of the motor is not considered, the maximum speed can be achieved Level speed regulation.

[0034] The present invention adopts a wireless control and power semiconductor device combined control scheme to replace the traditional scheme of introducing rotor resistance through brushes and slip rings, effectively eliminating the influence of the uncontrollable contact resistance of brushes and slip rings on the speed regulation accuracy, and greatly improving the reliability of the operation of the wound-rotor asynchronous motor rotor circuit series resistance speed regulation system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 Shown is a front view of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 Shown is a perspective view of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 Shown Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0038] Figure 4 Shown is a schematic diagram of the shaft structure;

[0039] Figure 5 Shown is a front view of the shaft;

[0040] Figure 6 Shown Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0041] Figure 7 Shown is a schematic diagram of the circuit layer structure of the speed regulating disc;

[0042] Figure 8 Shown is the main view of the speed regulating disc circuit layer;

[0043] Figure 9 Shown is the front view of the heat dissipation aluminum disc;

[0044] Figure 10 Shown is a perspective view of the heat dissipation aluminum plate;

[0045] Figure 11 Shown is a three-dimensional diagram of the fixed structure of the device with a phototransistor as the receiving component;

[0046] Figure 12 Shown is a front view of the fixed structure of the device with a phototransistor as the receiving component;

[0047] Figure 13 Shown is a top view of the fixed structure of the device with a phototransistor as the receiving component;

[0048] Figure 14 Shown is a bottom view of the fixed structure of the device with a phototransistor as the receiving component;

[0049] Figure 15 Shown is the wiring diagram of AT89C51 microcontroller;

[0050] Figure 16 The figure shows the circuit wiring diagram of the transmitting and receiving device using light as the signal transmission carrier;

[0051] Figure 17 Shown is the Bluetooth and ZIGBEE wiring diagram;

[0052] Figure 18 Shown is the clock system and reset wiring diagram;

[0053] Figure 19 The figure shows the wiring diagram of phase A of the speed regulating drive circuit;

[0054] Figure 20 The figure shows a traditional rotor circuit series resistor wiring scheme in which the switching devices and resistors are not connected in parallel one by one.

[0055] List of reference numerals:

[0056] 1. Rotating shaft; 2. Speed ​​regulating disc circuit layer; 3. Heat dissipating aluminum disc; 4. A-phase lead-in hole; 5. B-phase lead-in hole; 6. C-phase lead-in hole; 7. A-phase lead-out hole; 8. B-phase lead-out hole; 9. C-phase lead-out hole; 10. Signal input; 11. Keyway; 12. Resistor R6; 13. Resistor R7; 14. Resistor R8; 15. Resistor R9; 16. Resistor R10; 17. Fixing column Z1; 18. Fixing column Z2; 19. Fixing column Z3; 20. Fixing column Z4; 21. Heat dissipating aluminum disc air inlet; 22. Heat dissipating aluminum disc air duct; 23. Light-shielding insulation Cylinder; 24. First fixing hole; 25. Second fixing hole; 26. Phototransistor pin access port; 27. Phototransistor fixing insulating chassis; 28. AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer; 29. ​​Remote speed control system; 30. Light-emitting diode; 31. Fiber optic head; 32. Signal receiving device; 33. Fiber optic head jack; 34. Phototransistor; 35. Bluetooth control module; 36. Zigbee control module; 37. Clock system; 38. System reset; 39. Isolation optocoupler; 40. Speed ​​control module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0058] like Figure 1-19As shown, the present invention proposes a wireless multi-stage speed regulation system for an asynchronous motor rotor circuit with series resistance, including a stator assembly, a rotor assembly and a base. The stator assembly includes a stator, a stator core and a stator winding. The rotor assembly includes a rotor, a rotor core and a rotor winding. The system also includes a hollow rotating shaft 1, a speed regulating disc circuit layer 2 including a speed regulating module 40, a wireless signal transmitter, a signal receiver 32 and a remote speed regulating control system 29. The A-phase, B-phase and C-phase windings on the rotor side are respectively introduced into the hollow portion of the rotating shaft 1 through the A-phase lead-in hole 4, the B-phase lead-in hole 5 and the C-phase lead-in hole 6, and then respectively led out from the A-phase lead-out hole 7, the B-phase lead-out hole 8 and the C-phase lead-out hole 9 to the speed regulating disc circuit layer 2 and connected in series with the corresponding speed regulating module 40 thereon.

[0059] The speed regulating disc circuit layer 2 is provided with a single chip microcomputer, an isolation optical coupler 39, a speed regulating module 40 and circuit elements uniformly and axially symmetrically distributed on the speed regulating disc circuit layer 2.

[0060] The speed control module 40 is composed of high-power resistors connected in series and switching devices connected in parallel to each high-power resistor. If the number of high-power resistors in series in each phase is n, the maximum speed control module 40 can achieve is A non-repeated resistance value combination, that is, excluding the speed corresponding to the inherent mechanical characteristics of the asynchronous motor, can achieve a maximum of Level speed regulation,

[0061] The signal wireless sending device is connected to the remote speed control system 29, and the signal receiving device 32 is connected to the single-chip microcomputer. The signal wireless sending device includes a light-emitting diode 30 and an optical fiber head 31. The signal receiving device 32 includes a light-shielding insulating cylinder 23 and a phototransistor 34. The outer diameter of the optical fiber head 31 is smaller than the inner diameter of the light-shielding insulating cylinder 23. The phototransistor 34 is placed inside the rotating light-shielding insulating cylinder 23, and the end face of the stationary optical fiber head 31 is aligned with the center of the light-shielding insulating cylinder 23.

[0062] The high-power resistor includes resistor R612, resistor R713, resistor R814, resistor R915, and resistor R1016. The switching device includes a bidirectional thyristor. A bidirectional thyristor is connected in parallel to each of the resistors R612, R713, R814, R915, and R1016. The bidirectional thyristor is connected to the isolation optocoupler 39 and is controlled on and off by the single-chip microcomputer.

[0063] The single chip microcomputer is an AT89C51 single chip microcomputer 28, pin 9 of the AT89C51 single chip microcomputer 28 is connected to the system reset 38, pins 18 and 19 are connected to the clock system 37, and pins 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25 are respectively connected to the isolation optical coupler 39.

[0064] The signal receiving device 32 also includes a phototransistor fixed insulating chassis 27, which fixes the light-shielding insulating cylinder 23 thereon through the first fixing hole 24, and is fixed to the end face of the rotating shaft 1 through the second fixing hole 25. The light-shielding insulating cylinder 23 and the phototransistor fixed insulating chassis 27 rotate repeatedly and synchronously with the axis of the rotating shaft 1.

[0065] The outer diameter of the optical fiber head 31 is 1-2 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the light-shielding insulating cylinder 23 , and the effective length of the optical fiber head 31 is 3-5 mm smaller than the length of the light-shielding insulating cylinder 23 . The length of the light-shielding insulating cylinder 23 is 3-5 cm.

[0066] The signal transmission and reception of the AT89C51 single chip microcomputer 28 can also use the Bluetooth control module 35 to receive wireless Bluetooth signals and send them to the AT89C51 single chip microcomputer 28 through the B_TX pin as the signal input 10;

[0067] The Zigbee control module 36 is used to receive the wireless signal and sends it to the AT89C51 microcontroller 28 through the TX pin as a signal input 10;

[0068] Use Wi-Fi to realize wireless speed control signal transmission;

[0069] At the transmitting end, an LCD screen is used to output a barcode or QR code to represent the speed regulation information. The barcode or QR code can be displayed in a square or circular form. The receiving head uses a camera to take pictures or a barcode scanner to scan the circle to obtain the speed regulation information. The QR code can be directly photographed or scanned by a camera to obtain information.

[0070] The present invention eliminates the dynamic contact structure between the high-speed rotating slip ring and the stationary brush. Instead, the series-connected high-power resistor R612, resistor R713, resistor R, resistor R915, and resistor R1016 in the speed control module 40 are directly connected to the rotor circuit by soldering (the speed control module 40 only represents the series resistance of one phase of the rotor. This embodiment is also described based on only one phase, and all drawings are also described based on one phase). Wireless transmission is used to achieve the transmission of the external speed control signal to the speed control disk circuit layer 2. In the present invention, the number of switching devices (such as the bidirectional thyristors connected in parallel with the high-power resistor R612) is the same as the number of series resistors and they are connected in parallel one by one (see Figure 19 ), if the number of series resistors in each phase is n, the maximum that can be achieved in actual operation is Various non-repeated resistance value combinations, that is, even without considering the inherent mechanical characteristics of the motor, the maximum value that can be achieved is Level speed regulation.

[0071] The speed control module 40 is composed of multiple high-power resistors connected in series and bidirectional thyristors connected in parallel with each resistor. The resistance values ​​of the high-power resistors R612, R713, R814, R915, and R1016 in a particular phase are configured using binary weighting. If five resistors of 1Ω, 2Ω, 4Ω, 8Ω, and 16Ω are included, they can be combined to achieve 32 levels of speed control within the range of 0-31Ω in units of 1Ω. The bidirectional thyristors of each resistor are controlled on and off by the AT89C51 microcontroller 28 through an isolation optocoupler 39, thereby adjusting the resistance value of the series resistors to achieve multi-level speed control (this embodiment is explained using five high-power resistors connected in series per phase as an example. If it is a three-phase asynchronous motor, fifteen high-power resistors and fifteen bidirectional thyristors are required, and if it is a four-phase asynchronous motor, twenty high-power resistors and twenty bidirectional thyristors are required).

[0072] In addition to the external signal transmission system, the main structure diagram of the asynchronous motor system is as follows Figure 1-3 As shown, the rotating shaft 1, the speed regulating disc circuit layer 2, and the heat dissipating aluminum disc 3 are fixed together through the key slot 11, and the light-shielding insulating cylinder 23 is fixed to the end face of the rotating shaft 1 through the phototransistor fixing insulating chassis 27, and overlaps with the axis of the rotating shaft 1.

[0073] The middle part of the rotating shaft 1 is hollowed out, and the A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase windings on the rotor side are respectively introduced into the hollow part of the rotating shaft 1 through the A-phase lead-in hole 4, the B-phase lead-in hole 5, and the C-phase lead-in hole 6, and then respectively led out from the A-phase lead-out hole 7, the B-phase lead-out hole 8, and the C-phase lead-out hole 9 to the speed regulation disk circuit layer 2 and connected in series with the corresponding speed regulation module 40.

[0074] The direct on-site control portion of the motor (which can be powered by a rechargeable battery or the rotor induced electromotive force after rectification and voltage stabilization) is all in the speed control disk, including the AT89C51 microcontroller 28, the isolation optocoupler 39, the speed control module 40, resistors, capacitors, crystal oscillators and other circuit components. Each circuit component is uniformly and axially symmetrically distributed on the speed control disk circuit layer 2 according to mass. In the present invention, the mass layout of all components of the rotating part is also arranged according to axisymmetry.

[0075] like Figure 11-14 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the fixed structure of the device with the phototransistor 34 as the receiving component, which includes a light-shielding insulating cylinder 23, a phototransistor fixed insulating chassis 27, and a phototransistor 34. The phototransistor fixed insulating chassis 27 fixes the light-shielding insulating cylinder 23 to the insulating chassis through the second fixing hole 25, and is fixed to the end face of the rotating shaft 1 through the first fixing hole 24; the light-shielding insulating cylinder 23 and the phototransistor fixed insulating chassis 27 repeat and rotate synchronously with the axis of the rotating shaft 1; the light-shielding insulating cylinder 23 is 3~5cm long, which can achieve a better light-shielding effect.

[0076] like Figure 16The figure shows a circuit wiring diagram of a transmitting and receiving device using light as a signal transmission carrier. The outer diameter of the optical fiber head 31 is 1-2 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the light-shielding insulating cylinder 23. This allows the optical fiber head 31 to remain stationary when the light-shielding insulating cylinder 23 rotates at high speed along with the rotating shaft 1. To ensure a good light-shielding effect and signal transmission reliability, the effective length of the optical fiber head 31 should be 3-5 mm smaller than the length of the light-shielding insulating cylinder 23. When the remote speed control system 29 receives a speed control command, it will emit a corresponding binary code through the light-emitting diode 30, which is sent to the phototransistor 34 using light as a carrier. This code forms an input signal and is sent to the P3.0 pin of the AT89C51 microcontroller 28. The resistance value of the speed control resistor is then changed by turning the bidirectional thyristor on and off.

[0077] like Figure 15 The figure shows the wiring diagram of the AT89C51 microcontroller 28, where pin 9 is connected to the system reset 38, pins 18 and 19 are connected to the clock system 37, and pins 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25 are connected to the isolation optocoupler 39, which controls the on and off of the bidirectional thyristor to change the resistance value of the speed control resistor.

[0078] A Bluetooth control module 35 may also be used to receive wireless Bluetooth signals and send the signals to the P3.0 pin of the AT89C51 microcontroller 28 via the B_TX pin as a signal input 10 .

[0079] The Zigbee control module 36 may also be used to receive wireless signals and send the signals to the P3.0 pin of the AT89C51 microcontroller 28 via the TX pin as the signal input 10 .

[0080] Wi-Fi (3G, 4G, 5G, etc.) can also be used to achieve wireless speed control signal transmission.

[0081] Alternatively, a liquid crystal display may be used at the transmitting end to output a barcode or a QR code to represent the speed regulation information. The barcode or QR code may be displayed in a square, circular or partial circular form. The barcode may be distributed in a circular or partial circular form, and the receiving head may use a camera to take a picture or a barcode scanner to perform circular scanning to obtain the speed regulation information. The QR code may be directly photographed or scanned by a camera to obtain information.

[0082] The rotor circuit of the present invention is connected to a resistor that is welded directly to the rotor circuit rather than through brushes and slip rings. This eliminates the need for direct connection of the resistance control circuit to the rotating shaft 1, the speed regulating disc circuit layer 2, the heat dissipating aluminum disc 3, and the light-shielding insulating cylinder 23 through the keyway 11. A remote speed control system 29 sends a signal to the AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer 28 to control the size of the speed regulating module 40 connected to the isolation optocoupler 39 to achieve the speed regulation requirements. Due to the use of a single-chip microcomputer drive, the three-phase asynchronous motor can be well adapted to wireless speed regulation of different gears, and can also effectively perform electromagnetic isolation, reducing the influence of electromagnetic forces on the control signal. The present invention effectively solves the adverse effects of low speed regulation accuracy and inconvenience in different situations of three-phase asynchronous motors.

[0083] The present invention eliminates the dynamic contact structure between the high-speed rotating slip ring and the stationary brush, and instead directly connects the series speed control resistors R612, R713, R814, R915, and R1016 in the speed control module 40 to the rotor circuit by soldering. The motor speed control circuit is connected together through the key and keyway 11 structure and rotates synchronously with the rotor. At the same time, wireless transmission is used to realize the transmission of the external speed control signal to the motor, which can effectively eliminate the problems of large contact resistance variation, poor reliability, and rapid wear of components between the slip ring and the stationary brush. Another main feature of the invention is that the number of switching electrical appliances (such as bidirectional thyristors) is the same as the number of series resistors and they are connected in parallel one by one. If the number of series resistors in each phase is n, then in actual operation, a maximum of A non-repeated resistance value combination, that is, even if the speed corresponding to the inherent mechanical characteristics of the motor is not considered, the maximum speed can be achieved Level speed regulation.

[0084] The present invention also includes a heat dissipating aluminum disc 3, which is secured to the speed regulating disc circuit layer 2 via fixing posts. The bottom surface of the heat dissipating aluminum disc 3 is in close contact with the side of the speed regulating module 40 where the high-power resistor and switch are mounted. The disc is connected to the rotating shaft 1 via a keyway 11 and rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft 1. A heat dissipating aluminum disc air duct 22 is provided on the top surface of the heat dissipating aluminum disc 3. The fixing posts include fixing posts Z117, Z218, Z319, and Z420. One end of each of these fixing posts is vertically secured to the bottom surface of the heat dissipating aluminum disc 3, and the other end is secured to the speed regulating disc circuit layer 2. An involute protrusion is provided on the top surface of the heat dissipation aluminum disc 3, and the heat dissipation aluminum disc air duct 22 is formed by the involute protrusion. A heat dissipation aluminum disc air inlet 21 is formed at the end thereof. When the rotating shaft 1 rotates forward, air enters the heat dissipation aluminum disc air duct 22 through the heat dissipation aluminum disc air inlet 21, thereby dissipating heat to the speed regulation module 40 and the electronic components thereon.

[0085] The speed regulation module 40 is cooled by setting a heat dissipation aluminum disc 3, and its structure includes: the heat dissipation aluminum disc 3 is fixed to the speed regulation disc circuit layer 2 through fixing columns Z117, fixing columns Z218, fixing columns Z319, and fixing columns Z420, and the bottom surface of the heat dissipation aluminum disc 3 is tightly attached to the side of the speed regulation module 40 on which high-power resistors and switching electrical appliances are installed, and is connected to the rotating shaft 1 through a key slot 11 structure and rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft 1. A heat dissipation aluminum disc air duct 22 is provided on the top surface of the heat dissipation aluminum disc 3, and a heat dissipation aluminum disc air inlet 21 is formed at its end. When the rotating shaft 1 rotates forward, air flow is sucked into the heat dissipation aluminum disc air duct 22 from the heat dissipation aluminum disc air inlet 21, and the heat of the power devices in the speed regulation module 40 is efficiently discharged by utilizing the high thermal conductivity of aluminum material and forced air cooling.

[0086] The invention provides a wireless multi-stage speed regulation method for an asynchronous motor rotor circuit with a series resistor, comprising the following steps.

[0087] The remote speed control system 29 issues a speed control instruction according to the process requirements. At this time, the remote speed control system 29 will drive the light emitting diode 30 to emit a binary light signal, which passes through the rotating cylinder through the optical fiber head 31 and irradiates the photosensitive transistor 34, and is converted into an electrical signal and input into the signal receiving pin of the microcontroller. After the microcontroller analyzes the signal instruction received by the signal receiving pin, it outputs the control signal to the isolation optocoupler 39 through the signal output port, and controls the on and off of each bidirectional thyristor arranged in parallel in the speed control module 40 through the isolation optocoupler 39. By controlling the on and off combination of the bidirectional thyristors, the resistance value is accurately connected to the rotor circuit, thereby achieving the speed control target.

[0088] If 5 resistors are connected in series per phase as an example, the present invention can achieve A method of non-repeating resistance value combination is: assuming R6 (12) = 1Ω, R7 (13) = 2Ω, R8 (14) = 4Ω, R9 (15) = 8Ω, R10 (16) = 16Ω, if R7, R8, R9, R10 are short-circuited, then only R6 = 1Ω is connected in series with the rotor circuit, and the resistance of the connected resistance is 1Ω; if R6, R8, R9, R10 are short-circuited, then only R7 = 2Ω is connected in series with the rotor circuit, and the resistance of the connected resistance is 2Ω; if R8, R9, R10 are short-circuited, then R6 = 1Ω, R7 = 2Ω is connected in series with the rotor circuit, and the resistance of the connected resistance is R6 + R7 = 3Ω; if R6, R7, R9, R10 are short-circuited, then only R8 = 4Ω is connected in series with the rotor circuit, and the resistance of the connected resistance is 4Ω; if R7, R9, R10 are short-circuited , then R6=1Ω and R8=4Ω are connected in series to the rotor circuit, and the resistance of the connected resistance is R6+R8=5Ω; if R6, R9, and R10 are short-circuited, then R7=2Ω and R8=4Ω are connected in series to the rotor circuit, and the resistance of the connected resistance is R7+R8=6Ω; if R9 and R10 are short-circuited, then R6=1Ω, R7=2Ω, and R8=4Ω are connected in series to the rotor circuit, and the resistance of the connected resistance is R6+R7+R8=7Ω; if R6, R7, R8, and R10 are short-circuited, then only R9=8Ω is connected in series to the rotor circuit; and so on... If no resistor is short-circuited, then R6=1Ω, R7=2Ω, R8=4Ω, R9=8Ω, and R10=16Ω are connected in series to the rotor circuit, and the resistance of the connected resistance is R6+R7+R8+R9+R10=31Ω.

[0089] Based on the above structure and method, the present application can effectively eliminate problems such as large contact resistance variation between the slip ring and the stationary brush, poor reliability, and rapid component wear.

[0090] Since the number of switching devices is the same as the number of series resistors and they are connected in parallel one by one, if the number of series resistors in each phase is n, the maximum number of switches that can be achieved in actual operation is A non-repeated resistance value combination, that is, even if the speed corresponding to the inherent mechanical characteristics of the motor is not considered, the maximum speed can be achieved Level speed regulation.

[0091] By adopting a combined wireless control and power semiconductor device control scheme instead of the traditional scheme of introducing rotor resistance through brushes and slip rings, the influence of the uncontrollable contact resistance of brushes and slip rings on the speed regulation accuracy is effectively eliminated, and the reliability of the speed regulation system of the wound-rotor asynchronous motor rotor circuit series resistance is greatly improved.

[0092] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any other form of limitation to the present invention. Any modification or equivalent variation based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A wireless multi-stage speed regulation system for an asynchronous motor rotor circuit with a series resistor, comprising a stator assembly, a rotor assembly, and a base. The stator assembly comprises a stator, a stator core, and a stator winding. The rotor assembly comprises a rotor, a rotor core, and a rotor winding. The system is characterized by: The device also includes a rotating shaft (1) with a hollow structure, a speed regulating disc circuit layer (2) including a speed regulating module (40), a signal wireless transmitting device, a signal receiving device (32), and a remote speed regulating control system (29). The A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase windings on the rotor side are respectively introduced into the hollow portion of the rotating shaft (1) through the A-phase lead-in hole (4), the B-phase lead-in hole (5), and the C-phase lead-in hole (6), and then respectively led out from the A-phase lead-out hole (7), the B-phase lead-out hole (8), and the C-phase lead-out hole (9) to the speed regulating disc circuit layer (2) and connected in series with the corresponding speed regulating module (40) thereon. The speed regulating disc circuit layer (2) is provided with a single chip microcomputer, an isolation optical coupler (39), a speed regulating module (40), and circuit elements uniformly distributed in mass and axially symmetrically on the speed regulating disc circuit layer (2). The speed regulating module (40) is composed of high-power resistors connected in series and switching devices connected in parallel to each high-power resistor. If the number of high-power resistors connected in series in each phase is n, the maximum speed regulating module that can be achieved is A non-repeated resistance value combination, that is, excluding the speed corresponding to the inherent mechanical characteristics of the asynchronous motor, can achieve a maximum of Level speed regulation, The signal wireless transmitting device is connected to a remote speed control system (29), and the signal receiving device (32) is connected to a single chip microcomputer. The signal wireless transmitting device includes a light emitting diode (30) and an optical fiber head (31). The signal receiving device (32) includes a light-shielding insulating cylinder (23) and a phototransistor (34). The outer diameter of the optical fiber head (31) is smaller than the inner diameter of the light-shielding insulating cylinder (23). The phototransistor (34) is placed inside the rotating light-shielding insulating cylinder (23), and the end face of the stationary optical fiber head (31) is aligned with the center of the light-shielding insulating cylinder (23).

2. The wireless multi-stage speed regulation system of an asynchronous motor rotor circuit with series resistance according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The high-power resistor includes a resistor R6 (12), a resistor R7 (13), a resistor R8 (14), a resistor R9 (15), and a resistor R10 (16); the switch includes a bidirectional thyristor; each of the resistors R6 (12), R7 (13), R8 (14), R9 (15), and R10 (16) is connected in parallel with a bidirectional thyristor; the bidirectional thyristor is connected to an isolation optocoupler (39) and is controlled to be on and off by a single-chip microcomputer.

3. The wireless multi-stage speed regulation system of an asynchronous motor rotor circuit with series resistance according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The single chip microcomputer is an AT89C51 single chip microcomputer (28), pin 9 of the AT89C51 single chip microcomputer (28) is connected to a system reset (38), pins 18 and 19 are connected to a clock system (37), and pins 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25 are respectively connected to an isolation optical coupler (39).

4. The wireless multi-stage speed regulation system of an asynchronous motor rotor circuit with series resistance according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The signal receiving device (32) further comprises a phototransistor fixed insulating chassis (27), wherein the phototransistor fixed insulating chassis (27) fixes the light-shielding insulating cylinder (23) thereon through a first fixing hole (24), and is fixed to the end face of the rotating shaft (1) through a second fixing hole (25), and the light-shielding insulating cylinder (23), the phototransistor fixed insulating chassis (27) and the axis of the rotating shaft (1) rotate in a repeating and synchronous manner.

5. The wireless multi-stage speed regulation system with series resistance in the rotor circuit of an asynchronous motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outer diameter of the optical fiber head (31) is 1-2 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the light-shielding insulating cylinder (23); the effective length of the optical fiber head (31) is 3-5 mm smaller than the length of the light-shielding insulating cylinder (23); and the length of the light-shielding insulating cylinder (23) is 3-5 cm.

6. The wireless multi-stage speed regulation system of an asynchronous motor rotor circuit with series resistance according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The signal transmission and reception of the AT89C51 single chip microcomputer (28) can also adopt a Bluetooth control module (35) to receive wireless Bluetooth signals and send them to the AT89C51 single chip microcomputer (28) through the B_TX pin as a signal input (10); A Zigbee control module (36) is used to receive wireless signals and transmit the signals to an AT89C51 microcontroller (28) via a TX pin as a signal input (10); Use Wi-Fi to realize wireless speed control signal transmission; At the transmitting end, an LCD screen is used to output a barcode or QR code to represent the speed regulation information. The barcode or QR code can be displayed in a square or circular form. The receiving head uses a camera to take pictures or a barcode scanner to scan the circle to obtain the speed regulation information. The QR code can be directly photographed or scanned by a camera to obtain information.

7. The wireless multi-stage speed regulation system of an asynchronous motor rotor circuit with series resistance according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The invention also includes a heat dissipation aluminum disc (3), which is fixed to the speed regulating disc circuit layer (2) through a fixing column, and the bottom surface of the heat dissipation aluminum disc (3) is closely attached to the side of the speed regulating module (40) on which a high-power resistor and a switch are installed, and is connected to the rotating shaft (1) through a keyway (11) structure and rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft (1), and a heat dissipation aluminum disc air duct (22) is provided on the top surface of the heat dissipation aluminum disc (3).

8. The wireless multi-stage speed regulation system of an asynchronous motor rotor circuit with series resistance according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The fixing columns include a fixing column Z1 (17), a fixing column Z2 (18), a fixing column Z3 (19) and a fixing column Z4 (20), one end of each of the fixing columns Z1 (17), Z2 (18), Z3 (19) and Z4 (20) is vertically fixed on the bottom surface of the heat dissipation aluminum disc (3), and the other end is fixed on the speed regulating disc circuit layer (2).

9. The wireless multi-stage speed regulation system of an asynchronous motor rotor circuit with series resistance according to claim 7, characterized in that: An involute protrusion is provided on the top surface of the heat dissipation aluminum disc (3), and the heat dissipation aluminum disc air duct (22) is formed by the involute protrusion. A heat dissipation aluminum disc air inlet (21) is formed at the end thereof. When the rotating shaft (1) rotates in the forward direction, air enters the heat dissipation aluminum disc air duct (22) through the heat dissipation aluminum disc air inlet (21), thereby dissipating heat for the speed regulation module (40) and the electronic components thereon.

10. The wireless multi-stage speed regulation method of an asynchronous motor rotor circuit with series resistance according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following steps: a remote speed control system (29) issues a speed control instruction according to process requirements; at this time, the remote speed control system (29) drives the light emitting diode (30) to emit a binary light signal, which is irradiated to the photosensitive transistor (34) through the optical fiber head (31) through the rotating cylinder, and converted into an electrical signal input (10) to the signal receiving pin of the single chip microcomputer; after the single chip microcomputer analyzes the signal instruction received by the signal receiving pin, it outputs the control signal to the isolation optical coupler (39) through the signal output port; the bidirectional thyristors arranged in parallel in the speed control module (40) are controlled to be on and off by the isolation optical coupler (39); the resistance value is accurately connected to the rotor circuit by controlling the on-off combination of the bidirectional thyristors, thereby achieving the speed control target.

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