Friction nanometer generator, passive wireless sensor, signal transmission system and method

Abstract

The invention provides a friction nanometer generator, a passive wireless sensor and a signal transmission system and method, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication. The friction nanometer generator comprises a static layer structure which comprises a first substrate, a telescopic buffer layer, a first electrode layer and a negative friction layer; the dynamic layer structure comprises a second substrate, a second electrode layer and a positive friction layer, and the second electrode layer is provided with a first conductive face and a second conductive face which are located on the two sides of the second substrate; the telescopic elastic element is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate; the double-contact electrode structure comprises a connecting substrate fixed to the first substrate, a conducting layer is arranged at the connecting substrate and comprises a first contact surface and a second contact surface, when the elastic element is located at the initial position, the first contact surface makes contact with the first conducting surface, and when the buffer layer is compressed to the preset thickness, the second contact surface makes contact with the second conducting surface. The friction nanometer generator provided by the invention can meet the wireless sensing application requirements of low power consumption and high response.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a friction nanogenerator, a passive wireless sensor, and a signal transmission system and method. Background Art

[0002] Current mainstream wireless sensor systems utilize Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, and other technology modules for signal communication. However, these systems suffer from high power consumption, weak anti-interference capabilities, complex structures, and weak encryption. Furthermore, most systems rely on batteries, which have drawbacks such as short lifespans, frequent maintenance, and limited size, severely hindering their large-scale deployment.

[0003] Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are considered a promising approach for building self-powered wireless sensing systems due to their advantages, including lightweight, diverse materials, and strong environmental adaptability. Recent research has proposed a variety of TENG-based wireless sensing solutions, including self-powered long-distance transmission models based on displacement current sensing, TENG systems with electric field resonance coupling, and multimodal force sensing systems that integrate triboelectric and capacitive coupling. Further improving the performance of TENGs to meet the low-power and high-response requirements of wireless sensing applications remains an urgent challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0004] An object of the first aspect of the present invention is to provide a triboelectric nanogenerator that can meet the requirements of low power consumption and high response for wireless sensing applications.

[0005] A further object of the present invention is to improve the performance of the negative friction layer of the triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0006] An object of the second aspect of the present invention is to provide a passive wireless sensor comprising the above-mentioned friction nanogenerator, which has the advantages of self-powered, simple structure, controllable frequency, long communication distance and strong anti-interference ability.

[0007] An object of the third aspect of the present invention is to provide a signal transmission system comprising the above-mentioned passive wireless sensor, for realizing encrypted transmission of wireless signals.

[0008] An object of the fourth aspect of the present invention is to provide a signal transmission method for the above-mentioned signal transmission system.

[0009] An embodiment of the present invention provides a triboelectric nanogenerator, comprising:

[0010] The static layer structure includes a first substrate, a retractable buffer layer, a first electrode layer and a negative friction layer stacked in sequence;

[0011] a dynamic layer structure comprising a second substrate, a second electrode layer, and a positive friction layer stacked in sequence, wherein the positive friction layer is arranged opposite to the negative friction layer, and the second electrode layer has a first conductive surface and a second conductive surface located on both sides of the second substrate;

[0012] a retractable elastic element, disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;

[0013] A dual-contact electrode structure includes a connecting substrate fixed to the first substrate, a conductive layer is provided on the connecting substrate, and the conductive layer includes a first contact surface and a second contact surface arranged opposite to each other. When the elastic element is in the initial position, the first contact surface contacts the first conductive surface. When the dynamic layer structure compresses the buffer layer to a preset thickness, the second contact surface contacts the second conductive surface.

[0014] Furthermore, the negative friction layer is an Ecoflex film having a nanostructure on the friction surface.

[0015] Furthermore, the nanostructure is formed by plasma etching.

[0016] Furthermore, the material of the buffer layer is foam, and the thickness of the buffer layer is any value between 8mm and 12mm.

[0017] Furthermore, the current pulse duration generated by the friction nanogenerator in each cycle is less than or equal to 6ms, the minimum output voltage is 100V, and the short-circuit current peak is greater than or equal to 20μA.

[0018] In particular, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a passive wireless sensor, comprising a tuning network and a friction nanogenerator as described above, wherein the tuning network comprises a fixed inductor, a resistor, an adjustable inductor connected in series with the friction nanogenerator, and an adjustable capacitor connected in parallel with the resistor.

[0019] Furthermore, the adjustable inductor has an adjustment range of 0-50 μH, and the adjustable capacitor has an adjustment range of 0-50 pF.

[0020] In particular, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a signal transmission system, including the above-mentioned passive wireless sensor and a receiving device, the receiving device including a wireless signal receiving unit and a Fourier transform unit, the wireless signal receiving unit is used to receive the time domain signal transmitted by the passive wireless sensor, and the Fourier transform unit is used to convert the time domain signal into a frequency domain signal and transmit it to a display device.

[0021] Furthermore, the receiving device further includes a decoding unit connected to the Fourier transform unit, and the decoding unit is used to extract the frequency signal modulated by the passive wireless sensor and decode it according to a preset frequency code library.

[0022] In particular, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a signal transmission method for the above-mentioned signal transmission system, comprising:

[0023] Compiling a frequency password library, wherein the frequency password library is used to record the corresponding relationship between frequency and target information;

[0024] modulating an electromagnetic wave signal corresponding to a specific frequency through the passive wireless sensor;

[0025] Performing Fourier transformation on the electromagnetic wave signal and extracting the corresponding frequency signal;

[0026] The frequency signal is compared with the frequency code library to decode the corresponding target information.

[0027] According to the first aspect of the present invention, a triboelectric nanogenerator incorporates a buffer layer within the static layer structure and an elastic element between the first substrate of the static layer structure and the second substrate of the dynamic layer structure. This allows the dynamic layer structure to quickly return to its initial position upon release of external pressure, enabling short, intense pulse output. Furthermore, a clever dual-contact electrode structure and a second electrode layer are designed, enabling contact with the second electrode layer at different stages to achieve forward and reverse current output. This makes the triboelectric nanogenerator well-suited for wireless signal transmission scenarios, achieving low power consumption and high responsiveness.

[0028] Furthermore, by forming a nano-microstructure on the surface of the Ecoflex film, the roughness of the negative friction layer can be increased, thereby increasing the contact area between the positive friction layer and the negative friction layer, improving the surface charge density, and making the output voltage and current higher, thereby improving the performance of the friction nanogenerator.

[0029] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a passive wireless sensor is provided, which has the advantages of self-powered, simple structure, controllable frequency, long communication distance and strong anti-interference ability, and is suitable for various wireless communication scenarios.

[0030] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a signal transmission system and a signal transmission method are provided, which can realize encrypted transmission of signals. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a triboelectric nanogenerator according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2A diagram showing the working principle of a triboelectric nanogenerator according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 Flow chart of a method for preparing a negative friction layer of a triboelectric nanogenerator according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 A 3D microscope image of the negative friction layer of a triboelectric nanogenerator according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 A circuit connection diagram of a passive wireless sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 is a characteristic curve showing how the peak-to-peak voltage of a passive wireless sensor varies with the transmission distance according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 is a characteristic curve showing the change of the fundamental frequency of a passive wireless sensor with the transmission distance according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 is a flowchart of a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a signal encryption principle of a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Reference numerals:

[0041] 100-triboelectric nanogenerator, 10-static layer structure, 11-first substrate, 12-buffer layer, 13-first electrode layer, 14-negative friction layer, 20-dynamic layer structure, 21-second substrate, 22-second electrode layer, 23-positive friction layer, 221-first conductive surface, 222-second conductive surface, 30-elastic element, 40-double contact electrode structure, 41-connecting substrate, 42-conductive layer, 421-first contact surface, 422-second contact surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It will be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, rather than to limit the present application. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only some, rather than all, structures related to the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0043] The word “exemplary” is used exclusively herein to mean “serving as an example, example, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.

[0044] In addition, numerous specific details are provided in the following detailed description to better illustrate the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be practiced without certain specific details. In some instances, methods, means, components, and circuits well known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail in order to highlight the main points of the present disclosure.

[0045] It should be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein simply describes an association between related objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone. Furthermore, the character " / " as used herein indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0046] In the embodiments of the present invention, the term "multiple" refers to two or more. The terms "first," "second," and so on, appearing in the embodiments of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and are intended to distinguish the objects being described. They are not in any particular order and do not represent a specific limit on the number of objects in the embodiments of the present invention. They do not constitute any limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a triboelectric nanogenerator 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the friction nanogenerator 100 includes a static layer structure 10, a dynamic layer structure 20, a retractable elastic element 30 and a dual contact electrode structure 40. The static layer structure 10 includes a first substrate 11, a retractable buffer layer 12, a first electrode layer 13 and a negative friction layer 14 stacked in sequence. The dynamic layer structure 20 includes a second substrate 21, a second electrode layer 22 and a positive friction layer 23 stacked in sequence, and the positive friction layer 23 is arranged opposite to the negative friction layer 14. The second electrode layer 22 has a first conductive surface 221 and a second conductive surface 222 located on both sides of the second substrate 21, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, one side of the second electrode layer 22 extends toward the edge of the second substrate 21 to form a "U"-shaped wrapping portion. The inner side surface of the "U"-shaped wrapping portion is in contact with the bottom, side, and top surfaces of the second substrate 21. The upper and lower outer side surfaces of the "U"-shaped wrapping portion are the first conductive surface 221 and the second conductive surface 222 mentioned above. The elastic element 30 is provided between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 21. Here, the elastic element 30 is a compressible component with rebound properties, such as rubber, one or more springs, etc., which are not limited here. Figure 1In the illustrated embodiment, the elastic element 30 includes four springs. The dual-contact electrode structure 40 includes a connection substrate 41 fixed to the first substrate 11. A conductive layer 42 is provided on the connection substrate 41. The conductive layer 42 includes a first contact surface 421 and a second contact surface 422 arranged opposite each other. When the elastic element 30 is in the initial position, the first contact surface 421 contacts the first conductive surface 221. When the dynamic layer structure 20 compresses the buffer layer 12 to a predetermined thickness, the second contact surface 422 contacts the second conductive surface 222.

[0048] In this embodiment, the materials of the first electrode layer 13, the second electrode layer 22 and the conductive layer 42 can be commonly used conductive materials such as copper, aluminum, silver, and gold. The first substrate 11, the second substrate 21 and the connecting substrate 41 are all hard components. The materials of the first substrate 11 and the connecting substrate 41 can be acrylic acid, polycarbonate, ABS engineering plastics, epoxy glass fiber, etc. The material of the second substrate 21 can be acrylic acid, PVC, resin, etc. The material of the buffer layer 12 can be a material with high resilience such as foam and foamed silicone rubber. The material of the positive friction layer 23 can be nylon, polyurethane, polypropylene and other commonly used positive friction materials. The material of the negative friction layer 14 can be silicone rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polydimethylsiloxane and other commonly used negative friction materials. In order to increase the contact area, the surface of the negative friction layer 14 can also be modified or modified, which is not limited here.

[0049] Figure 2 is a working principle diagram of a triboelectric nanogenerator 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 FIG4 shows the working mechanism of the triboelectric nanogenerator 100 in one cycle. When the triboelectric nanogenerator 100 is used, the first electrode layer 13 and the conductive layer 42 of the double-contact electrode structure 40 are connected to the circuit. Figure 2 As shown, in stage I, based on the coupling effect of triboelectricity and electrostatic induction, the surfaces of the positive friction layer 23 and the negative friction layer 14 in physical contact will generate equal amounts of negative and positive charges, and the dynamic layer structure 20 begins to move downward under the downward pressure. In stage II, the dynamic layer structure 20 continues to drop under pressure, causing the positive friction layer 23 and the negative friction layer 14 to contact each other. At this time, the buffer layer 12 has not been compressed. Since the second electrode layer 22 is not in contact with the dual-contact electrode structure 40, no charge transfer occurs, and no current is generated in the circuit. In stage III, the dynamic layer structure 20 continues to move downward, the buffer layer 12 is greatly compressed, and the second conductive surface 222 of the second electrode layer 22 contacts the second contact surface 422 of the dual-contact electrode structure 40. At this time, the charges accumulated in the first electrode layer 13 and the second electrode layer 22 are transferred instantaneously, and a positive current (i.e. Figure 2Clockwise current in stage III). According to Maxwell's displacement current equation, this rapidly changing current triggers a rapid change in the magnetic field. In the process of mutual conversion between the electric field and the magnetic field, electromagnetic waves are released, thereby emitting wireless signals. In stages IV and V, the buffer layer 12 rebounds, the positive friction layer 23 and the negative friction layer 14 gradually separate, the second conductive surface 222 and the second contact surface 422 separate, and no charge transfer occurs. In stage VI, the elastic element 30 returns the dynamic layer structure 20 to its initial position, the first conductive surface 221 contacts the first contact surface 421, the charge between the first electrode layer 13 and the second electrode layer 22 is transferred in the circuit, the potential difference is neutralized, and a reverse current is generated (i.e. Figure 2 counterclockwise current in phase VI).

[0050] The triboelectric nanogenerator 100 provided in this embodiment features a buffer layer 12 on the static layer structure 10 and an elastic element 30 between the first substrate 11 of the static layer structure 10 and the second substrate 21 of the dynamic layer structure 20. This allows the dynamic layer 20 to quickly return to its initial position when external pressure is released, enabling short-duration, high-intensity pulse output. Furthermore, the ingenious dual-contact electrode structure 40 and the second electrode layer 22 are designed to contact the second electrode layer 22 at different stages, enabling forward and reverse current output. This makes the triboelectric nanogenerator 100 well-suited for wireless signal transmission scenarios, achieving low power consumption and high response.

[0051] In one embodiment, the negative friction layer 14 is an Ecoflex film having a nanostructure on its friction surface. The nanostructure can be formed by plasma etching.

[0052] This embodiment forms a nanostructure on the surface of the Ecoflex film to increase the roughness of the negative friction layer 14, thereby increasing the contact area between the positive friction layer 23 and the negative friction layer 14, improving the surface charge density, and making the output voltage and current higher, thereby improving the performance of the friction nanogenerator 100.

[0053] Furthermore, when plasma etching the nanostructure, the surface roughness of the negative friction layer 14 can be controlled by controlling the etching time.

[0054] In one embodiment, the material of the buffer layer 12 is foam, and the thickness of the buffer layer 12 is any value between 8mm and 12mm. For example, the thickness of the buffer layer 12 is 8mm, 9mm, 10mm or 12mm, or any other value between 8mm and 12mm, which is not limited here.

[0055] Figure 3 FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for preparing the negative friction layer 14 of the triboelectric nanogenerator 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 43D microscope image of the negative friction layer 14 of the triboelectric nanogenerator 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the preparation method of the negative friction layer 14 includes:

[0056] Step S10, mixing Ecoflex 00-30 glue A and glue B in a mass ratio of 1:1, stirring evenly, and then pouring the mixture onto the acrylic sheet;

[0057] Step S20, rotating the spin coater at a preset speed for a preset time;

[0058] Step S30, placing in a vacuum drying oven for drying;

[0059] Step S40, curing at room temperature to obtain an Ecoflex film;

[0060] Step S50, etching the Ecoflex film using plasma, the etching time is 10 min-30 min;

[0061] Step S60, cleaning the etched Ecoflex film with deionized water;

[0062] Step S70, placing in a vacuum drying oven for drying;

[0063] Step S80 , peeling the dried Ecoflex film from the acrylic sheet to obtain the negative friction layer 14 .

[0064] In step S20, the rotary coater can be a KW-4BC device, and the preset speed is any value between 200 rpm and 350 rpm, such as 200 rpm, 300 rpm or 350 rpm, or any other value between 200 rpm and 350 rpm, without limitation. The preset time is any value between 5 s and 8 s, such as 5 s, 6 s, 7 s or 8 s.

[0065] The drying time in step S30 can be any value between 8 min and 15 min, for example, the drying time is 8 min, 10 min, 12 min or 15 min, or any other value between 8 min and 15 min, which is not limited here.

[0066] The room temperature curing time in step S40 is any value between 8 hours and 12 hours, for example, the curing time is 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours or 12 hours, or any other value between 8 hours and 12 hours, which is not limited here.

[0067] In step S50, 300W O2 plasma can be used, and the etching time can be 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 22 minutes, 25 minutes, 28 minutes or 30 minutes, or any other value between 10 minutes and 30 minutes, which is not limited here.

[0068] The drying time in step S70 can be any value between 10 min and 20 min, for example, the drying time is 10 min, 13 min, 15 min or 20 min, or any other value between 10 min and 20 min, which is not limited here.

[0069] like Figure 4 As shown, the surface of the negative friction layer 14 of this embodiment presents a fine, interwoven linear structure, similar to a mesh or fiber network. These structures significantly increase the surface roughness and contact area of ​​the film, enhance the triboelectric effect and charge density, and increase the output voltage of the friction nanogenerator 100.

[0070] In one embodiment, the first and second substrates 11 and 21 are both made of 40 mm x 40 mm, 3 mm thick acrylic sheets. The buffer layer 12 is made of 20 mm x 20 mm, 10 mm thick foam material. The negative friction layer 14 is the etched Ecoflex film (12 μm thick) from the above-mentioned embodiment, and the positive friction layer 23 is made of 100 μm thick nylon. Both the negative friction layer 14 and the positive friction layer 23 are 20 mm x 20 mm square layers. The first electrode layer 13 and the second electrode layer 22 are both copper foil. The first electrode layer 13 has the same width as the buffer layer 12, with one side extending 125 mm beyond the buffer layer in the longitudinal direction for connection to the conductive clip. The second electrode layer 22 has a central region overlapping with the positive friction layer 23 and a "U"-shaped wrapping portion connected to the central region. The connecting substrate 41 is C-shaped and is also cut from an acrylic sheet. The conductive layer 42 is made of copper foil. The elastic element 30 consists of four springs with an outer diameter of 6 mm and a height of 15 mm.

[0071] The overall size of the triboelectric nanogenerator 100 of this embodiment is 40 mm×40 mm×20 mm, which is relatively small and suitable for portable wireless communication devices.

[0072] In one embodiment, the current pulse duration generated by the triboelectric nanogenerator 100 in each cycle is less than or equal to 6 ms, the minimum output voltage is 100 V, and the short-circuit current peak is greater than or equal to 20 μA.

[0073] By selecting Ecoflex film as the material of the negative friction layer 14 and performing surface treatment, and combining the elastic element 30 and the rapid recovery force of the buffer layer 12 , the triboelectric nanogenerator 100 with high output capacity can be obtained.

[0074] Figure 5 is a circuit connection diagram of a passive wireless sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5 The part in the dotted box indicates the triboelectric nanogenerator 100, C TENG and V TENG are the system capacitance and voltage of the triboelectric nanogenerator 100. Figure 5 As shown, the present invention also provides a passive wireless sensor using the above-mentioned triboelectric nanogenerator 100 as a power source. In one embodiment, the passive wireless sensor includes a tuning network and the triboelectric nanogenerator 100 in any of the above-mentioned embodiments. The tuning network includes a fixed inductor L0 connected in series with the triboelectric nanogenerator 100, a resistor R0, an adjustable inductor Ls, and an adjustable capacitor C connected in parallel with the resistor R0. p .

[0075] The resistor R0 and the fixed inductor L0 are used to provide the reference tuning range and damping characteristics. The adjustable capacitor C in parallel is p The adjustable inductor Ls in series is used to tune the resonant frequency. The resonant frequency f is obtained by the following formula:

[0076]

[0077] In the above formula, C0 is the capacitance value measured at both ends of the triboelectric nanogenerator 100. Under ideal conditions, Figure 5 C in TENG .

[0078] In one embodiment, the passive wireless sensor is used to implement wideband modulation of 3.91–16.97 MHz and narrowband modulation of 1.95–2.63 MHz, the adjustable inductor Ls has an adjustment range of 0–50 μH, and the adjustable capacitor C p The adjustment range is 0-50pF and the fixed inductor L0 is 7.62μH.

[0079] Figure 6 is a characteristic curve showing how the peak-to-peak voltage of a passive wireless sensor varies with the transmission distance according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 The horizontal axis is the transmission distance, and the vertical axis is the peak-to-peak voltage. Figure 6 As shown, the peak-to-peak voltage of the passive wireless sensor of this embodiment can reach 800mV when the transmission distance is 0.2m, and the voltage value decays exponentially with increasing distance. When the transmission distance is 22m, a peak-to-peak voltage of 38.4mV can still be detected. Figure 7 is a characteristic curve showing how the fundamental frequency of a passive wireless sensor varies with the transmission distance according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 The horizontal axis is the transmission distance, and the vertical axis is the fundamental frequency. Figure 7As shown in FIG, the frequency deviation of the baseband signal in the range of 0.2 m to 22 m is less than 1%. The above data shows that the passive wireless sensor of the present application can well meet the demand for long-distance communication.

[0080] In this embodiment, the triboelectric nanogenerator 100 with high output performance is combined with a tuning network to achieve broadband modulation and narrowband modulation, and meet the needs of long-distance communication.

[0081] The passive wireless sensor of this embodiment has the advantages of self-power supply, simple structure, controllable frequency, long communication distance and strong anti-interference ability, and is suitable for various wireless communication scenarios.

[0082] In one embodiment of the present invention, a signal transmission system is provided, comprising the aforementioned passive wireless sensor and a receiving device. The receiving device includes a wireless signal receiving unit and a Fourier transform unit. The wireless signal receiving unit is configured to receive a time-domain signal transmitted by the passive wireless sensor. The Fourier transform unit (which may optionally be an FFT module) is configured to convert the time-domain signal into a frequency-domain signal and transmit the signal to a display device for visualization. The wireless signal receiving unit and the Fourier transform unit can be connected via a USB interface or wireless communication.

[0083] In a further embodiment, the receiving device further includes a decoding unit connected to the Fourier transform unit, the decoding unit being configured to extract the frequency signal modulated by the passive wireless sensor and perform decoding according to a preset frequency cryptographic library.

[0084] In this embodiment, the decoding unit can be connected to a terminal device so that the terminal device can perform corresponding operations based on the decoding structure. The terminal device can be a wireless keyboard, a vehicle control device, or other interactive device. The frequency code library is used to record the correspondence between frequencies and target information. The target information can be a control instruction or an alphabetic code.

[0085] Figure 8 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 As shown, the present invention also provides a signal transmission method for the above-mentioned signal transmission system, comprising:

[0086] Step S100, compiling a frequency code library;

[0087] Step S200, modulating an electromagnetic wave signal corresponding to a specific frequency through a passive wireless sensor;

[0088] Step S300, performing Fourier transform on the electromagnetic wave signal and extracting the corresponding frequency signal;

[0089] Step S400: compare the frequency signal with the frequency code library to decode the corresponding target information.

[0090] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a signal encryption principle of a signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 The horizontal axis of each curve is the frequency, and the vertical axis is the amplitude. Figure 9 As shown, the target information here is letter code, Figure 9 The frequencies pointed by the dashed arrows in the figure are the frequencies modulated by the passive wireless sensor. Each modulated frequency corresponds to a letter, for example Figure 9 The modulation frequency decoded from the code is 16.9MHz, which corresponds to the letter "T". In other words, the frequency cryptography library records the correspondence between the modulated frequency and the letter, thus achieving encrypted transmission of wireless signals.

[0091] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and while their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent for this invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A triboelectric nanogenerator, characterized in that: include: The static layer structure includes a first substrate, a retractable buffer layer, a first electrode layer and a negative friction layer stacked in sequence; a dynamic layer structure comprising a second substrate, a second electrode layer, and a positive friction layer stacked in sequence, wherein the positive friction layer is arranged opposite to the negative friction layer, and the second electrode layer has a first conductive surface and a second conductive surface located on both sides of the second substrate; a retractable elastic element, disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; A dual-contact electrode structure includes a connecting substrate fixed to the first substrate, a conductive layer is provided on the connecting substrate, and the conductive layer includes a first contact surface and a second contact surface arranged opposite to each other. When the elastic element is in the initial position, the first contact surface contacts the first conductive surface. When the dynamic layer structure compresses the buffer layer to a preset thickness, the second contact surface contacts the second conductive surface.

2. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative friction layer is an Ecoflex film with a nanostructure on the friction surface.

3. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nanostructure is formed by plasma etching.

4. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the buffer layer is foam, and the thickness of the buffer layer is any value between 8mm and 12mm.

5. The triboelectric nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The current pulse duration generated by the friction nanogenerator in each cycle is less than or equal to 6ms, the minimum output voltage is 100V, and the short-circuit current peak is greater than or equal to 20μA.

6. A passive wireless sensor, characterized in that: The invention comprises a tuning network and the friction nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the tuning network comprises a fixed inductor, a resistor, an adjustable inductor connected in series with the friction nanogenerator, and an adjustable capacitor connected in parallel with the resistor.

7. The passive wireless sensor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The adjustable range of the adjustable inductor is 0-50 μH, and the adjustable range of the adjustable capacitor is 0-50 pF.

8. A signal transmission system, characterized in that: It comprises the passive wireless sensor and receiving device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the receiving device comprises a wireless signal receiving unit and a Fourier transform unit, the wireless signal receiving unit is used to receive the time domain signal transmitted by the passive wireless sensor, and the Fourier transform unit is used to convert the time domain signal into a frequency domain signal and transmit it to a display device.

9. The signal transmission system according to claim 8, wherein: The receiving device further comprises a decoding unit connected to the Fourier transform unit, wherein the decoding unit is used to extract the frequency signal modulated by the passive wireless sensor and perform decoding according to a preset frequency cryptographic library.

10. A signal transmission method for the signal transmission system of claim 9, characterized in that: include: Compiling a frequency password library, wherein the frequency password library is used to record the corresponding relationship between frequency and target information; modulating an electromagnetic wave signal corresponding to a specific frequency through the passive wireless sensor; Performing Fourier transformation on the electromagnetic wave signal and extracting the corresponding frequency signal; The frequency signal is compared with the frequency code library to decode the corresponding target information.

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