Solar cell, photovoltaic module, power generation device and power utilization device

Abstract

The invention provides a solar cell, a photovoltaic module, a power generation device and a power utilization device. The solar cell comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, a perovskite light absorption layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a passivation layer arranged on at least one surface of the perovskite light absorption layer, wherein the passivation layer comprises a halide salt or a pseudo-halide salt of an amino acid, the amino acid comprising at least two primary amino groups, or comprising at least one primary amino group and at least one secondary or tertiary amino group. In the solar cell, the amino acid-based halide salt or pseudo-halide salt can realize multiple passivation of defects of the perovskite light absorption layer, the defect passivation effect is enhanced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term stability of the cell are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a solar cell, a photovoltaic module, a power generation device, and an electricity-consuming device. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, global energy shortages and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent. As an ideal renewable energy source, solar cells have received increasing attention. Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, are devices that convert light energy directly into electrical energy through the photoelectric effect or photochemical effect.

[0003] Perovskite materials have high photoelectric conversion efficiency. Compared with other solar cells, perovskite solar cells have high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0004] However, the ions in perovskite materials are prone to migration, which causes defects in the perovskite light-absorbing layer. These defects reduce the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery and affect the long-term stability of the battery. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application is made in response to the above-mentioned problems and aims to provide a solar cell, photovoltaic module, power generation device, and power consumption device. The solar cell, by providing a passivation layer comprising a monohalide salt or a pseudohalide salt of an amino acid, can achieve multiple passivation of defects in the perovskite light-absorbing layer, thereby enhancing the defect passivation effect and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the cell.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present application provides a solar cell comprising: a first electrode and a second electrode, a perovskite light-absorbing layer disposed between the first and second electrodes, and a passivation layer disposed on at least one surface of the perovskite light-absorbing layer; wherein the passivation layer comprises a monohalide salt or a pseudohalide salt of an amino acid, wherein the amino acid comprises at least two primary amino groups, or comprises at least one primary amino group and at least one secondary or tertiary amino group. By disposing a passivation layer comprising a monohalide salt or a pseudohalide salt of a specific amino acid, the passivation layer can achieve multiple passivation of defects in the perovskite light-absorbing layer through specific anions and cations therein, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell.

[0007] In some embodiments, the monohalide salt or pseudohalide salt of the amino acid includes hydrochloride, hydroiodide, hydrobromide, thiocyanate, and isocyanate. By selecting these salts, the anion of the amino acid salt (monohalide salt or pseudohalide salt of the amino acid) of the present application can effectively enter the X vacancy, playing a role in passivating the X vacancy defect, and such materials are relatively easy to obtain.

[0008] In some embodiments, the amino acid comprises at least one of lysine, histidine, arginine, asparagine and derivatives thereof. By using the above-mentioned amino acids, the organic amine cation portion (RNH3 + ) can simultaneously passivate the A defect and react with the uncoordinated B-site cation to achieve effective multiple passivation.

[0009] In some embodiments, the material used in the passivation layer is selected from lysine hydrochloride, lysine hydrobromide, lysine hydroiodide, lysine thiocyanate, lysine isocyanate, arginine hydrochloride, arginine hydrobromide, arginine hydroiodide, arginine thiocyanate, arginine isocyanate, asparagine hydrochloride, asparagine hydrobromide, asparagine hydroiodide, asparagine thiocyanate, asparagine isocyanate, histidine hydrochloride, histidine hydrobromide, histidine hydroiodide, histidine thiocyanate, histidine isocyanate and derivatives thereof. On the one hand, the monohalide salt and the pseudohalide salt of the above-mentioned amino acid enable to have good film-forming properties on the perovskite surface, which is conducive to passivating defects at the perovskite interface and improving the transmission of electrons. On the other hand, it has a good passivation effect on the X vacancies in the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0010] In some embodiments, the thickness of the passivation layer is 2 nm to 20 nm. By controlling the thickness of the passivation layer within the above range, it is possible to effectively provide a passivation effect while minimizing the absorption of incident light by the passivation layer.

[0011] In some embodiments, the thickness of the passivation layer is 5 nm to 15 nm. By controlling the thickness of the passivation layer within the above range, it is beneficial to the uniformity of the passivation layer, thereby exerting its passivation effect.

[0012] In some embodiments, the perovskite light absorbing layer comprises a compound of formula I; [A][B][X]3 formula I; wherein A comprises at least one of an inorganic cation and an organic cation, including CH(NH2)2 + 、CH3NH3 + 、Li + 、Na + , K + , Rb + 、Cs + At least one of; B includes inorganic cations, including Pb 2+ 、Sn 2+ 、Be 2+ Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ 、Sr 2+ 、Ba 2+ 、Zn 2+ 、Ge2+ 、Fe 2 + 、Co 2+ 、Ni 2+ At least one of X comprises an inorganic anion including F - 、Cl - Br - , I - 、SCN - 、CNO - 、OCN - 、OSCN - SH - OH - 、CN - 、SeCN - 、N3 - The passivation layer provided in the present application is applicable to a solar cell comprising the above-mentioned perovskite light-absorbing layer. Therefore, it can be seen that the passivation layer of the present application has a wide range of applications and can be applied to common materials in this field.

[0013] In some embodiments, the perovskite material is selected from CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3), CH(NH2)2PbI3 (FAPbI3), Cs 0.05 (FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 0.95 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 )3(CsFAMA), CsPbI3, CsPbI2Br, and CsPbIBr2. These lead-based perovskite components are commonly found in perovskite solar cells, giving the solar cells better reproducibility.

[0014] In some embodiments, the solar cell further includes at least one carrier transport layer disposed between the first electrode and the perovskite light absorbing layer, and / or between the second electrode and the perovskite light absorbing layer. The presence of the carrier transport layer can enhance the dissociation of electrons and holes, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0015] In some embodiments, the passivation layer is disposed between the carrier transport layer and the perovskite light absorbing layer. By disposing the passivation layer between the carrier transport layer and the perovskite light absorbing layer, multiple passivation of defects in the perovskite light absorbing layer can be effectively achieved, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the battery.

[0016] In some embodiments, the solar cell further includes a buffer layer disposed between the carrier transport layer and the second electrode, and / or between the carrier transport layer and the first electrode. The buffer layer can reduce non-radiative recombination of electrons and holes, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0017] A second aspect of the present application provides a photovoltaic assembly, which includes the solar cell provided by the first aspect.

[0018] Since the photovoltaic module of the present application includes the solar cell provided by the present application, it has at least the same advantages as the solar cell.

[0019] A third aspect of the present application provides a power generation device, which includes the solar cell provided in the first aspect.

[0020] Since the power generation device of the present application includes the solar cell provided by the present application, it has at least the same advantages as the solar cell.

[0021] A fourth aspect of the present application provides an electrical device, which includes the solar cell provided in the first aspect.

[0022] Since the electric device of the present application includes the solar cell provided by the present application, it has at least the same advantages as the solar cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 4 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] 10, 100, 200, 300 solar cells; 11 first electrode; 12 second electrode; 13 perovskite light absorption layer; 14 passivation layer; 151 hole transport layer; 152 electron transport layer; 16 buffer layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Below, with appropriate reference to the accompanying drawings, a detailed description of an embodiment of a solar cell, photovoltaic module, power generation device, and power consumption device of the present application is specifically disclosed. However, there may be cases where unnecessary detailed descriptions are omitted. For example, there may be cases where detailed descriptions of well-known matters and repeated descriptions of actually the same structure are omitted. This is to avoid the following description from becoming unnecessarily lengthy and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. In addition, the drawings and the following description are provided to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the present application and are not intended to limit the subject matter described in the claims.

[0029] " range " disclosed in the present application is limited in the form of lower limit and upper limit, and given range is limited by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, and the selected lower limit and upper limit define the boundary of special range. The scope limited in this way can be to include end value or not include end value, and can be arbitrarily combined, that is, any lower limit can form a range with any upper limit combination. For example, if the scope of 60-120 and 80-110 is listed for specific parameters, it is understood that the scope of 60-110 and 80-120 is also expected. In addition, if the minimum range value 1 and 2 are listed, and if the maximum range value 3,4 and 5 are listed, then the following range can all be expected: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2-3, 2-4 and 2-5. In this application, unless otherwise specified, the numerical range " ab " represents the abbreviation of any real number combination between a and b, wherein a and b are all real numbers. For example, a numerical range of "0-5" indicates that all real numbers between "0-5" are listed herein, and "0-5" is simply an abbreviation for these numerical combinations. Furthermore, when a parameter is expressed as an integer ≥ 2, this is equivalent to disclosing that the parameter is, for example, an integer of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution.

[0031] Unless otherwise specified, all technical features and optional technical features of this application can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution.

[0032] Unless otherwise specified, all steps of the present application may be performed sequentially or randomly, preferably sequentially. For example, the method includes steps (a) and (b), indicating that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed sequentially, or may include steps (b) and (a) performed sequentially. For example, the method may further include step (c), indicating that step (c) may be added to the method in any order, for example, the method may include steps (a), (b) and (c), or may include steps (a), (c) and (b), or may include steps (c), (a) and (b), etc.

[0033] Unless otherwise specified, the terms used in this application have the common meanings generally understood by those skilled in the art.

[0034] Unless otherwise specified, the values ​​of the parameters mentioned in this application can be measured using various test methods commonly used in the art, for example, they can be measured according to the test methods given in this application.

[0035] In this application, the term "amino acid" refers to a substance containing both a primary amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH) in the molecule. Similarly, the term "monohalide or monohalide salt of an amino acid" refers to a monovalent salt formed by an amino acid molecule and a halogen or pseudohalogen.

[0036] In the present application, the term "halogen" refers to elements of Group VII of the periodic table, including fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) and iodine (I). In the present application, it particularly relates to chlorine, bromine and iodine.

[0037] In this application, the term "pseudohalogen" refers to a neutral molecule formed by two or more non-metal atoms and having properties similar to halogens, including but not limited to: (SCN)2, (CN)2, (OCN)2, (SeCN)2.

[0038] As used herein, the term "primary amino group" refers to "-NH2".

[0039] In the present application, the term "secondary amino group" refers to "-NH-, =NH", which can be located in the carbon chain or carbon ring of the molecule.

[0040] In this application, the term "tertiary amino group" refers to Or "=N-", which may be located in the carbon chain or carbon ring of the molecule.

[0041] In this application, the term "electrode" refers to a region or layer consisting of or consisting essentially of an electrode material. The term "electrode material" refers to any material suitable for use as an electrode. The electrode material will have high electrical conductivity.

[0042] As used herein, the term "layer" refers to any substantially layered structure. A layer may have a thickness that varies over the range over which the layer extends. Typically, a layer has an approximately constant thickness. As used herein, the term "thickness" of a layer refers to the average thickness of the layer. The thickness of a layer can be measured by conventional methods in the art.

[0043] Unless otherwise specified, the term "disposed on" means that one component is provided or placed on another component. A first component may be provided or placed directly on a second component, or a third component may be interposed between the first and second components. For example, if a first layer is disposed on a second layer, this includes the presence of a third layer between the first and second layers.

[0044] Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, are devices that convert light energy directly into electrical energy through the photoelectric or photochemical effect. Perovskite materials have high photoelectric conversion efficiency, making them significantly more efficient than other solar cells. Unless otherwise specified, a solar cell whose light-absorbing layer contains perovskite materials can also be referred to as a perovskite solar cell.

[0045] A perovskite solar cell comprises a first electrode (the electrode that first receives incident light), a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and a second electrode (the electrode that last receives incident light), which are arranged in sequence along the direction of light incidence.

[0046] The photoelectric conversion principle of solar cells is as follows: incident light (for example, sunlight) enters the device from the first electrode, then reaches the perovskite light-absorbing layer and is absorbed by it. Under the excitation of the incident light, the perovskite light-absorbing layer generates hole-electron pairs. Under the action of the electric field, the holes and electrons are separated, and the electrons are transferred to one of the electrodes, while the holes are transferred to the other electrode. Subsequently, a loop is formed through an external circuit, which can be used to drive the load.

[0047] The perovskite material refers to a material having a crystal structure related to the crystal structure of CaTiO3 or a material including a material layer having a structure related to the structure of CaTiO3, and can be represented by [A][B][X]3, where in the unit cell, A is located at (0,0,0), B is located at (1 / 2,1 / 2,1 / 2), and X is located at (1 / 2,1 / 2,0), wherein A includes at least one of an inorganic cation and an organic cation, B includes an inorganic cation, and X includes an inorganic anion.

[0048] There are A-site defects, B-site defects and X-site defects in perovskite materials. For A-site defects, the A-site cation is located at the top corner of the cubic crystal structure and is prone to migration, especially when A includes organic cations, such as CH(NH2)2 +、CH3NH3 + When the number of vacancies increases, this migration is exacerbated, leading to an increase in vacancies. For B-site defects and X-site defects, this is because the B-site cations form ionic compounds (for example, PbI2) with the X-site anions, which precipitate on the grains and grain boundaries. These defects can affect the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of solar cells.

[0049] Based on this, the present application provides a solar cell, in which, by setting a passivation layer including a halide salt or a pseudo-halide salt of an amino acid, multiple passivation of defects in the perovskite light-absorbing layer can be achieved, the defect passivation effect can be enhanced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the battery can be improved.

[0050] solar cells

[0051] The solar cell of the present application includes: a first electrode and a second electrode, a perovskite light-absorbing layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a passivation layer arranged on at least one surface of the perovskite light-absorbing layer; wherein the passivation layer includes a monohalide salt or a pseudohalide salt of an amino acid, and the amino acid includes at least two primary amino groups, or includes at least one primary amino group and at least one secondary amino group or tertiary amino group.

[0052] By disposing a passivation layer containing a monohalide salt or a pseudohalide salt of an amino acid, multiple passivation of defects in the perovskite light-absorbing layer can be achieved based on the anions and cations in the monohalide salt or the pseudohalide salt of the amino acid. Specifically, the monohalide salt or the pseudohalide salt of the amino acid comprises i) an organic amine cation portion (RNH3) containing an amino acid group (i.e., a group containing a carboxyl group and at least one of a primary amino group, a secondary amino group, or a tertiary amino group) + , wherein R represents an amino acid residue) and ii) a halogen anion or a pseudohalogen anion, wherein RNH3 + On the one hand, it can fill the vacancy at the A site and effectively improve the carrier extraction. On the other hand, the amino acid groups (primary amino group, secondary amino group, or tertiary amino group; and carboxyl group) contained therein can react with the uncoordinated B site cations (such as Pb 2+ ) reaction, effectively passivating both defect types. Furthermore, the halogen anion or pseudohalogen anion can also passivate the X vacancy defect. Thus, the cations and anions in the monohalide or pseudohalide salts of the amino acid form a synergistic effect, enhancing the defect passivation effect and effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the battery.

[0053] Specifically, Figure 1A schematic structural diagram of a solar cell is shown. The solar cell 10 includes: a first electrode 11 and a second electrode 12, a perovskite light absorption layer 13 arranged between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12, and a passivation layer 14 arranged on at least one surface of the perovskite light absorption layer 13.

[0054] In some embodiments, the first electrode 11, which may also be referred to as the bottom electrode / transparent electrode, refers to the electrode that first receives incident light and is used to collect electrons / holes. The material used for the first electrode 11 includes a transparent conductive material. The present application has no particular limitation on the transparent conductive material included in the first electrode 11. Exemplarily, the transparent conductive material includes: at least one of tin oxide (ITO), indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), antimony-doped tin oxide, and indium-doped tungsten oxide.

[0055] In some embodiments, the second electrode 12, which may also be referred to as the top electrode, refers to the electrode that receives the incident light last and is used to collect electrons / holes. The material used for the second electrode 12 includes a conductive material. The present application has no particular limitation on the conductive material included in the second electrode 12. For example, the conductive material includes at least one of an organic conductive material and an inorganic conductive material, wherein the inorganic conductive material includes at least one of the above-mentioned transparent conductive oxide materials, metals and their alloys, and carbon elemental materials. Exemplarily, the metals and their alloys include at least one of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, nickel, chromium, bismuth, platinum, magnesium, molybdenum, and tungsten. Exemplarily, the carbon elemental material includes at least one of graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes.

[0056] The perovskite light-absorbing layer 13 is disposed between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 and is capable of generating electron-hole pairs upon excitation by incident light. The present application does not impose any particular restrictions on the band gap of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 13; a band gap of a perovskite light-absorbing layer 13 commonly used in the art can be employed. Exemplarily, the band gap of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 13 is between 1.20 eV and 2.30 eV. The present application does not impose any particular restrictions on the band gap measurement method. Exemplarily, the band gap measurement method may include: first, obtaining an ultraviolet absorption curve through ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy; then, calculating the band gap of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 13 using the Tauc equation. The present application does not impose any particular restrictions on the thickness of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 13; a thickness of a perovskite light-absorbing layer 13 commonly used in the art can be employed; exemplarily, the perovskite thickness is between 400 nm and 1000 nm.

[0057] The perovskite light absorbing layer 13 includes a perovskite material. In some embodiments, the perovskite material includes a compound represented by [A][B][X]3, wherein A includes at least one of an inorganic cation and an organic cation, B includes an inorganic cation, and X includes an inorganic anion. Exemplarily, the organic cation includes: CH(NH2)2 + (abbreviated as FA + ), CH3NH3 + (abbreviated as MA + ) at least one of. Exemplary, inorganic cations include: Li + 、Na + , K + , Rb + 、Cs + , Pb 2+ 、Sn 2+ 、Be 2+ Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ 、Sr 2+ 、Ba 2+ 、Zn 2+ 、Ge 2+ 、Fe 2+ 、Co 2+ 、Ni 2+ At least one of. Exemplary, inorganic anions include: F - 、Cl - Br - , I - 、SCN - 、CNO - 、OCN - 、OSCN - SH - OH - 、CN - 、SeCN - 、N3 - At least one of .

[0058] In some embodiments, A is selected from cations with larger radii. Exemplary cations with larger radii include MA + , FA + 、Li + 、Na + , K + , Rb + 、Cs + At least one of. B is selected from cations with smaller radius, exemplary cations with smaller radius include Pb 2+ 、Sn 2+ 、Be 2+ Mg 2+ , Ca 2+、Sr 2+ 、Ba 2+ 、Zn 2+ 、Ge 2+ 、Fe 2+ 、Co 2+ 、Ni 2+ At least one of. X is selected from Cl - Br - , I - At least one of .

[0059] In some embodiments, A is selected from monovalent cations. Exemplary monovalent cations include MA + , FA + 、Li + 、Na + , K + , Rb + 、Cs + At least one of. B is selected from divalent metal cations, exemplary divalent metal cations include Pb 2+ 、Sn 2+ 、Be 2+ Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ 、Sr 2+ 、Ba 2+ 、Zn 2+ 、Ge 2+ 、Fe 2+ 、Co 2+ 、Ni 2+ The passivation layer provided in the present application is applicable to a solar cell comprising the above-mentioned perovskite light-absorbing layer. Therefore, it can be seen that the passivation layer of the present application has a wide range of applications and can be applied to common materials in this field.

[0060] In some embodiments, the perovskite material is selected from CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3), CH(NH2)2PbI3 (FAPbI3), Cs 0.05 (FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 0.95 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 )3(CsFAMA), CsPbI3, CsPbI2Br, and CsPbIBr2. These lead-based perovskite components are commonly found in perovskite solar cells, giving the solar cells better reproducibility.

[0061] The passivation layer 14 includes a monohalide salt or a pseudohalide salt of an amino acid. The amino acid includes at least two primary amino groups, or includes at least one primary amino group and at least one secondary amino group or tertiary amino group. Thus, the passivation layer can effectively fill the A vacancy defect and effectively improve the extraction of carriers. On the other hand, it can react with uncoordinated B-site cations (such as Pb 2+ ) reaction, thereby achieving effective passivation of both defect types; furthermore, the halide anion or pseudohalide anion can also passivate the X vacancy defect. As a result, the anions and cations of the materials used form a synergistic effect, enhancing the defect passivation effect.

[0062] In some embodiments, the amino acid comprises at least two primary amino groups, wherein one primary amino group is used to form a corresponding salt with a halide anion or a pseudohalide anion. Exemplarily, the amino acid comprises one carboxyl group and two primary amino groups, such as lysine or asparagine.

[0063] In some embodiments, the amino acid includes at least one primary amino group and at least one secondary amino group or tertiary amino group, wherein the primary amino group is used to form a corresponding salt with a halide anion or a pseudohalide anion. Exemplarily, the amino acid includes one carboxyl group and one primary amino group, and one secondary amino group and / or one tertiary amino group, such as histidine and its derivatives. Exemplarily, the amino acid includes one carboxyl group and two primary amino groups, and two secondary amino groups, such as arginine and its derivatives.

[0064] By adopting the above-mentioned amino acids, an organic amine cation portion (RNH3) containing an amino acid group (primary amino group, secondary amino group, or tertiary amino group and a carboxyl group) is present in the corresponding amino acid salt molecule. + ) can simultaneously passivate the A defect and react with the uncoordinated B-site cation to achieve effective multiple passivation.

[0065] In some embodiments, the monohalide salt of the amino acid is selected from one or more of hydrochloride, hydroiodide, and hydrobromide. The anions of the monohalide salts of the amino acid have a good passivation effect on the X vacancy, and such materials are relatively easy to obtain.

[0066] In some embodiments, the monohalide salt of the amino acid is selected from hydrochloride. - ) can not only passivate shallow energy levels (such as X vacancy defects), but also -The proton affinity of the amino acid hydrochloride is strong, so the amino acid hydrochloride in the passivation layer that does not play the passivation function is easy to form HCl. HCl evaporates in the form of gas during the annealing process. On the one hand, it induces surface defects to move to a shallower level. On the other hand, it can drive the amino acid hydrochloride to passivate deep energy level defects (such as: reacting with uncoordinated B-site cations), inhibiting the non-radiative recombination of electrons and holes, thereby improving the conductivity of the perovskite light-absorbing layer.

[0067] In some embodiments, the monohalide salt of the amino acid is selected from hydroiodide. - ), so the hydroiodide used in this application has I - It can fill the vacancies of I and has little impact on the perovskite lattice, which is beneficial to further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the battery.

[0068] In some embodiments, the amino acid mono-pseudohalide salt is selected from at least one of thiocyanate and isocyanate. Alternatively, the amino acid mono-pseudohalide salt is selected from thiocyanate. By selecting at least one of thiocyanate and isocyanate, the anion contained therein can passivate X vacancy defects and react with uncoordinated B-site cations, achieving multiple passivation effects. Furthermore, such materials are relatively readily available.

[0069] In some embodiments, the material used for the passivation layer is selected from at least one of lysine hydrochloride, lysine hydrobromide, lysine hydroiodide, lysine thiocyanate, lysine isocyanate, arginine hydrochloride, arginine hydrobromide, arginine hydroiodide, arginine thiocyanate, arginine isocyanate, asparagine hydrochloride, asparagine hydrobromide, asparagine hydroiodide, asparagine thiocyanate, asparagine isocyanate, histidine hydrochloride, histidine hydrobromide, histidine hydroiodide, histidine thiocyanate, histidine isocyanate and derivatives thereof.

[0070] In some embodiments, the monohalide salt of an amino acid is selected from at least one of lysine hydrochloride, lysine hydrobromide, lysine hydroiodide, arginine hydrochloride, arginine hydrobromide, arginine hydroiodide, asparagine hydrochloride, asparagine hydrobromide, asparagine hydroiodide, histidine hydrochloride, histidine hydrobromide, histidine hydroiodide and derivatives thereof. Alternatively, the monohalide salt of an amino acid is selected from at least one of asparagine hydroiodide, lysine hydroiodide, histidine hydroiodide, arginine hydroiodide and derivatives thereof. Further optionally, the monohalide salt of the amino acid is selected from at least one of asparagine hydroiodide and derivatives thereof. The molecules of the monohalide salts of the above-mentioned amino acids are relatively small, so that they have good film-forming properties on the perovskite surface, which is beneficial for passivating defects at the perovskite interface and enhancing electron transport.

[0071] In some embodiments, the mono-pseudohalogenated salt of an amino acid is selected from at least one of lysine thiocyanate, lysine isocyanate, arginine thiocyanate, arginine isocyanate, asparagine thiocyanate, asparagine isocyanate, histidine thiocyanate, histidine isocyanate, and derivatives thereof. Alternatively, the mono-pseudohalogenated salt of an amino acid is selected from at least one of asparagine thiocyanate, lysine thiocyanate, histidine thiocyanate, arginine thiocyanate, and derivatives thereof. Further optionally, the mono-pseudohalogenated salt of an amino acid is selected from at least one of asparagine thiocyanate and derivatives thereof. The above-mentioned mono-pseudohalogenated salt of an amino acid has a smaller molecule, thereby having better film-forming properties on the perovskite surface, which is beneficial for passivating defects at the perovskite interface and improving electron transport.

[0072] In some embodiments, the thickness d of the passivation layer 14 is 2 nm to 20 nm. For example, d is 2 nm, 3 nm, 4 nm, 5 nm, 6 nm, 7 nm, 8 nm, 9 nm, 10 nm, 11 nm, 12 nm, 13 nm, 14 nm, 15 nm, 16 nm, 17 nm, 18 nm, 19 nm, 20 nm, or a range between any two values, but is not limited thereto. By controlling the thickness of the passivation layer 14 within the above range, it is possible to effectively provide a passivation effect while minimizing the absorption of incident light by the passivation layer 14.

[0073] In some embodiments, the thickness d of the passivation layer 14 is 5 nm to 15 nm. By controlling the thickness of the passivation layer within the above range, it is beneficial to the uniformity of the passivation layer, thereby exerting its passivation effect.

[0074] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that Figure 1 This is merely an example of the passivation layer 14 being disposed on the upper surface of the perovskite light absorbing layer 13, and the above example does not constitute a specific limitation. In some embodiments, the passivation layer 14 may also be disposed on the lower surface of the perovskite light absorbing layer 13. In some embodiments, the passivation layer 14 may also be disposed on both the upper and lower surfaces of the perovskite light absorbing layer 13.

[0075] In some embodiments, the first electrode is a transparent electrode, the surface of the perovskite light absorbing layer facing away from the first electrode is the upper surface, and the surface corresponding thereto is the lower surface.

[0076] In some implementations, the solar cell further includes at least one carrier transport layer disposed between the first electrode and the perovskite light-absorbing layer, and / or between the second electrode and the perovskite light-absorbing layer, for transporting electrons and holes. The provision of the carrier transport layer can enhance the dissociation of electrons and holes, thereby further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0077] In some implementations, the carrier transport layer includes at least one of an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer.

[0078] In the present application, the electron transport layer has the function of transporting electrons, which is used to transfer the electrons generated by the excitation of the perovskite light absorbing layer to the adjacent electrode and prevent the electrons from diffusing in the opposite direction.

[0079] The present application does not specifically limit the electron transport material used in the electron transport layer, and the electron transport materials commonly used in the art can be used. For example, the electron transport material includes at least one of imide compounds, quinone compounds, fullerenes and their derivatives, metal oxides, semiconductor material oxides, titanates, fluorides and their derivatives, and materials obtained by doping or passivation. Exemplarily, the imide compound includes at least one of phthalimide, succinimide, N-bromosuccinimide, glutarimide or maleimide. Exemplarily, the quinone compound includes at least one of benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, phenanthrenequinone or anthraquinone. Exemplarily, fullerene and its derivatives include fullerene C 60 , fullerene C 70 ,[6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -Butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), [6,6]-phenyl C 71 Methyl butyrate (PC 71 BM). Exemplarily, the metal element in the metal oxide includes at least one of Mg, Cd, Zn, In, Pb, W, Sb, Bi, Hg, Ti, Ag, Mn, Fe, V, Sn, Zr, Sr, Ga and Cr. Optionally, the metal oxide includes at least one of tin dioxide (SnO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO). Exemplarily, the semiconductor material oxide includes silicon oxide. Exemplarily, the titanate includes at least one of strontium titanate and calcium titanate. Exemplarily, the fluoride includes at least one of lithium fluoride and calcium fluoride.

[0080] The present application does not impose any specific limitation on the thickness of the electron transport layer, and the thickness of the electron transport layer conventionally used in the art may be adopted.

[0081] In the present application, the hole transport layer has the function of transporting holes, and is used to transport the holes generated by the perovskite light absorbing layer 13 to the adjacent electrodes and prevent the holes from diffusing in the opposite direction.

[0082] The present application does not specifically limit the hole transport material used in the hole transport layer, and hole transport materials commonly used in the art can be used. Exemplary hole transport materials include poly [bis (4-phenyl) (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) amine] (PTAA), 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis [N,N-di (4-methoxyphenyl) amino] -9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), poly-3 hexylthiophene (P3HT), triphenylamine with triptycene as the core (H101), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-methoxytriphenylamine (EDOT-OMeTPA), N- (4-phenylamine) At least one of carbazole-spirobifluorene (CzPAF-SBF), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), polythiophene, nickel oxide (NiOx), molybdenum oxide (MoO3), cuprous iodide (CuI), cuprous oxide (CuO), [2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz), and [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz).

[0083] The present application does not impose any specific limitation on the thickness of the hole transport layer, and the thickness of the hole transport layer conventionally used in the art may be adopted.

[0084] In some implementations, the passivation layer is disposed between the carrier transport layer and the perovskite light absorbing layer. Specifically, it can be disposed between the hole transport layer and the perovskite light absorbing layer, or between the electron transport layer and the perovskite light absorbing layer.

[0085] See also Figure 2 In the solar cell 100 shown, in one embodiment, the solar cell 100 includes a first electrode 11, a hole transport layer 151, a perovskite light absorption layer 13, a passivation layer 14, an electron transport layer 152, and a second electrode 12, which are arranged in sequence along the direction of light incidence. In this embodiment, the first electrode 11, the hole transport layer 151, the perovskite light absorption layer 13, the passivation layer 14, the electron transport layer 152, and the second electrode 12 are the same as those in the above embodiment and are not described again here.

[0086] See also Figure 3 In the solar cell 200 shown, in one embodiment, the solar cell 200 includes a first electrode 11, a hole transport layer 151, a passivation layer 14, a perovskite light absorption layer 13, an electron transport layer 152, and a second electrode 12, which are arranged in sequence along the direction of light incidence. In this embodiment, the first electrode 11, the hole transport layer 151, the passivation layer 14, the perovskite light absorption layer 13, the electron transport layer 152, and the second electrode 12 are the same as those in the above embodiment and are not described again here.

[0087] It should be noted that Figure 2 and Figure 3 It is merely illustrative that the hole transport layer 151 is arranged on the side of the perovskite light absorbing layer 13 facing the first electrode 11, and the electron transport layer 152 is arranged on the side of the perovskite light absorbing layer 13 facing the second electrode 12. In some implementations, the positions of the hole transport layer 151 and the electron transport layer 152 can be interchanged, that is, the electron transport layer 152 is arranged on the side of the perovskite light absorbing layer 13 facing the first electrode 11, and the hole transport layer 151 is arranged on the side of the perovskite light absorbing layer 13 facing the second electrode 12.

[0088] It should be noted that Figure 2 and Figure 3 The example in which the solar cell includes both the hole transport layer 151 and the electron transport layer 152 is merely an example and does not constitute a specific limitation. In some implementations, the solar cell may include only the hole transport layer 151 and not the electron transport layer 152. In some implementations, the solar cell may include only the electron transport layer 152 and not the hole transport layer 151.

[0089] In some embodiments, the solar cell further includes a buffer layer disposed between the carrier transport layer and the second electrode; and / or between the carrier transport layer and the first electrode. The buffer layer can reduce non-radiative recombination of electrons and holes, thereby further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0090] The buffer layer includes a hole-blocking material. The present application does not particularly limit the hole-blocking material. For example, the hole-blocking material may include at least one of fullerene and its derivatives, SnOz (1.5≤z≤2), and 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP, bathocuproine).

[0091] See also Figure 4 In the solar cell 300 shown, in one embodiment, the solar cell 300 includes a first electrode 11, a hole transport layer 151, a perovskite light absorption layer 13, a passivation layer 14, an electron transport layer 152, a buffer layer 16, and a second electrode 12, which are arranged in sequence along the direction of light incidence. In this embodiment, the first electrode 11, the second electrode 12, the hole transport layer 151, the passivation layer 14, the perovskite light absorption layer 13, the electron transport layer 152, and the buffer layer 16 are the same as those in the above embodiment and are not described again here.

[0092] The present application does not particularly limit the preparation method of the functional layers of the above-mentioned solar cells, and may include the preparation methods commonly used in the art, for example, chemical bath deposition method, electrochemical deposition method, chemical vapor deposition method, physical epitaxial growth method, thermal evaporation co-evaporation method, atomic layer deposition method, magnetron sputtering method, precursor liquid spin coating method, precursor liquid slit coating method, precursor liquid scraping method, mechanical pressing method, but not limited to these.

[0093] The present application also provides a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module may include the aforementioned solar cell. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module may include a welding ribbon connecting multiple solar cells, a junction box for current transmission, and a battery packaging component.

[0094] In some embodiments, the battery packaging component includes photovoltaic glass, which covers the solar cells to protect them. Photovoltaic glass has excellent light transmittance and high hardness, making it adaptable to large temperature swings between day and night and adverse weather conditions.

[0095] In some embodiments, the battery encapsulation component includes an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) film, which is arranged between the photovoltaic glass and the solar cell to bond the photovoltaic glass and the solar cell.

[0096] In some embodiments, the battery packaging component includes a photovoltaic backsheet, which also serves to protect the solar cells.

[0097] Optionally, the material of the photovoltaic backsheet can be a polyvinyl fluoride composite film or a thermoplastic elastic material. The material of the photovoltaic backsheet has the properties of insulation, waterproofness, and aging resistance.

[0098] In some embodiments, the battery packaging component includes a solar aluminum frame, which is made of aluminum alloy and has the characteristics of high strength and good corrosion resistance, and can support and protect the solar cell.

[0099] An embodiment of the present application also provides a power generation device, including the solar cell provided in the above embodiment.

[0100] An embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device, comprising the solar cell provided in the above embodiment.

[0101] In some embodiments, the electrical device may also include lighting equipment, energy storage equipment, etc., and the embodiments of the present application include but are not limited to the above. For example, the electrical device may include a solar water heater, a solar street light, a solar photovoltaic generator, etc.

[0102] Example

[0103] The following examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and are intended to illustrate the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all reagents used were commercially available and all equipment used was conventional.

[0104] Example 1

[0105] The solar cell is prepared by the following steps.

[0106] Providing a first electrode: Take a 2.0×2.0 cm piece of FTO conductive glass, remove 0.35 cm of FTO at each end by laser etching, exposing the glass substrate; ultrasonically clean the etched FTO conductive glass several times with deionized water, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol in sequence; blow the solvent out of the FTO conductive glass with a compressed air gun, and further clean it in a UV ozone machine.

[0107] Providing a hole transport layer: Spin-coat a 2 mg / mL chlorobenzene solution of poly(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine) (PTAA) on the FTO conductive glass at a rate of 5000 rpm for 30 seconds, and then anneal on a hot plate at 100°C for 10 minutes to obtain a hole transport layer with a thickness of 10 nm.

[0108] Providing a perovskite light-absorbing layer: First, prepare a perovskite precursor solution: dissolve 1 mmol of FAI and 1 mmol of PbI2 in 1 mL of a mixed solvent of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (the volume ratio of DMSO to DMF is 1:4) to obtain a perovskite (FAPbI3) precursor solution.

[0109] Then, the obtained perovskite precursor solution was spin-coated on the hole transport layer at a rate of 4000 rpm. After spin-coating for 45 seconds, the solution was annealed at 100° C. for 30 minutes and cooled to room temperature to obtain a perovskite light-absorbing layer with a thickness of 500 nm.

[0110] Providing a passivation layer: Spin-coat a 1 mg / mL asparagine hydroiodide in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) solution on the perovskite light-absorbing layer at a rate of 5000 rpm for 30 seconds, and then anneal on a hot plate at 100°C for 5 minutes to obtain a passivation layer with a thickness of 8 nm.

[0111] Provide electron transport layer: in vacuum degree less than 5×10 -4 Majesty, C was evaporated on the above passivation layer at a rate of 60 , obtaining an electron transport layer with a thickness of 20 nm.

[0112] Provide a buffer layer: Bathcopper(BCP) was evaporated on the electron transport layer at a rate of 100 Å to obtain a buffer layer with a thickness of 10 nm.

[0113] Provide a second electrode: Copper was evaporated on the buffer layer at a rate of , to obtain a second electrode with a thickness of 80 nm.

[0114] Comparative Example 1

[0115] A solar cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a 1 mg / mL isopropyl ketone solution of asparagine was used to provide the passivation layer.

[0116] Comparative Example 2

[0117] A solar cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a 1 mg / mL isopropyl ketone solution of glycine iodate was used to provide the passivation layer.

[0118] Comparative Example 3

[0119] A solar cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that no passivation layer was provided.

[0120] Solar cell performance testing

[0121] Photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) test

[0122] Using a solar simulator under standard test conditions: total irradiance 100mW / cm 2 The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device is tested at a temperature of 25°C and a spectrum distribution of AM1.5G. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0123] PCE=Pout / Pin

[0124] =Voc×Jsc×(Vmpp×Jmpp) / (Voc×Jsc)

[0125] =Voc×Jsc×FF

[0126] Among them, Pout, Pin, Vmpp, Jmpp, Voc, Jsc, and FF are the battery operating output power, incident light power, battery maximum power point voltage, battery maximum power point current, open circuit voltage, short circuit current, and fill factor, respectively.

[0127] Thermal stability test

[0128] The solar cells were placed on a heating platform at 65°C ± 5°C, and their photoelectric conversion efficiency was tracked as they aged for 500 hours. The size of this parameter indicates the light stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0129] The solar cells obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were tested under the above test conditions, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0130] Table 1. Test results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3

[0131]

[0132]

[0133] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, compared with the calcium solar cells of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the solar cell prepared in Example 1 of the present application has significantly improved photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability due to the provision of a specific amino acid halide salt. Specifically, the iodide ion (I - ), -NH2 and -COOH that do not participate in salt formation, and asparagine cations act simultaneously to produce multiple passivation effects, thereby significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the resulting solar cell.

[0134] Example 2

[0135] A solar cell was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that a passivation layer with a thickness of about 8 nm was first arranged before providing the perovskite light absorbing layer, so that the passivation layer was located on the lower surface of the perovskite light absorbing layer.

[0136] Example 3

[0137] A solar cell was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that: before providing the perovskite light absorbing layer, a passivation layer with a thickness of about 8 nm was first arranged, and then after providing the perovskite light absorbing layer, a passivation layer with a thickness of about 8 nm was arranged again, so that the passivation layer existed on both the upper and lower surfaces of the light absorbing layer.

[0138] Subsequently, the solar cells obtained in Examples 2 and 3 were measured as described above, and the obtained results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0139] Table 2. Test results of Examples 1 to 3

[0140]

[0141] It can be seen from the data in Table 2 that the passivation layer of the present application can significantly improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability on the upper surface and / or lower surface of the perovskite light absorbing layer.

[0142] Examples 4 to 11

[0143] A solar cell was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that the passivation layer materials used were as shown in Table 3 below.

[0144] Subsequently, the solar cells obtained in Examples 4 to 11 were measured as described above, and the test results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0145] Table 3. Test results of Examples 1, 4 to 11

[0146]

[0147] It can be seen from the data in Table 3 that the halide salts or pseudo-halide salts of amino acids within the scope defined in the present application can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the obtained solar cell.

[0148] Examples 12 to 15

[0149] A solar cell was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that the spin coating time of the step of providing the passivation layer was adjusted to obtain the passivation layer thickness shown in Table 4.

[0150] Subsequently, the solar cells obtained in Examples 12 to 15 were measured as described above, and the test results are shown in Table 4 below.

[0151] Table 4. Test results of Examples 1, 12 to 15

[0152] Serial number Passivation layer thickness (nm) PCE (%) PCE after 500h (%) Example 1 8nm 20.71％ 17.15％ Example 12 2nm 19.33％ 12.73％ Example 13 5nm 20.51％ 16.68％ Example 14 15nm 20.16％ 16.82％ Example 15 20nm 19.17％ 15.75％

[0153] It can be seen from the data in Table 4 that within the passivation layer thickness range specified in the present application, the obtained solar cells can achieve excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability.

[0154] Example 16

[0155] Solar cells were prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that 1 mmol of MAI and 1 mmol of PbI2 were dissolved in 1 mL of a mixed solvent of DMSO and DMF (V / V=1:4) to prepare a perovskite precursor solution (MAPbI3).

[0156] Example 17

[0157] Solar cells were prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that 0.83 mmol of PbI2, 0.17 mmol of PbBr2, 0.16 mmol of MABr, 0.79 mmol of FAI and 0.05 mmol of CsI were dissolved in 1 mL of a mixed solvent of DMSO and DMF (V / V=1:4) to prepare a perovskite precursor solution (CsFAMA).

[0158] Example 18

[0159] A solar cell was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that 1 mmol of CsI and 1 mmol of PbI2 were dissolved in 1 mL of a mixed solvent of DMSO and DMF (V / V=1:4) to prepare a perovskite precursor solution (CsPbI3).

[0160] The solar cells obtained in Examples 16 to 18 were tested in the same manner as in Example 1. The test results are shown in Table 5.

[0161] Table 5. Test results of Examples 1, 16 to 18

[0162]

[0163] In Table 5, FAPbI3 represents CH(NH2)2PbI3; MAPbI3 represents CH3NH3PbI3; CsFAMA represents Cs 0.05 (FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 0.95 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 )3.

[0164] It can be seen from the data in Table 5 that the passivation layer arranged in the present application is applicable to a wide range of perovskite materials and can achieve excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability in its corresponding solar cells.

[0165] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments having substantially the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of the present application are all included in the technical scope of the present application. In addition, without departing from the scope of the present application, any other embodiments that can be conceived by those skilled in the art and that combine some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that: The solar cell comprises: a first electrode and a second electrode, a perovskite light absorption layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a passivation layer arranged on at least one surface of the perovskite light absorption layer; Wherein, the passivation layer includes a halide salt or a pseudo-halide salt of an amino acid, and the amino acid includes at least two primary amino groups, or includes at least one primary amino group and at least one secondary amino group or tertiary amino group.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The monohalide salt or pseudohalide salt of the amino acid includes hydrochloride, hydroiodide, hydrobromide, thiocyanate and isocyanate.

3. The solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The amino acids include one or more of lysine, histidine, arginine, asparagine and derivatives thereof.

4. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The material used for the passivation layer is selected from one or more of lysine hydrochloride, lysine hydrobromide, lysine hydroiodide, lysine thiocyanate, lysine isocyanate, arginine hydrochloride, arginine hydrobromide, arginine hydroiodide, arginine thiocyanate, arginine isocyanate, asparagine hydrochloride, asparagine hydrobromide, asparagine hydroiodide, asparagine thiocyanate, asparagine isocyanate, histidine hydrochloride, histidine hydrobromide, histidine hydroiodide, histidine thiocyanate, histidine isocyanate and derivatives thereof.

5. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The thickness of the passivation layer is 2 nm to 20 nm.

6. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The thickness of the passivation layer is 5 nm to 15 nm.

7. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The perovskite light-absorbing layer includes a compound shown in Formula I; [A][B][X]3Formula I; Wherein, A comprises at least one of an inorganic cation and an organic cation, including CH(NH2)2 + 、CH3NH3 + 、Li + 、Na + , K + , Rb + 、Cs + At least one of; B includes inorganic cations, including Pb 2+ 、Sn 2+ 、Be 2+ Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ 、Sr 2+ 、Ba 2+ 、Zn 2+ 、Ge 2+ 、Fe 2+ 、Co 2+ 、Ni 2+ At least one of X comprises an inorganic anion including F - 、Cl - Br - , I - 、SCN - 、CNO - 、OCN - 、OSCN - SH - OH - 、CN - 、SeCN - 、N3 - One or more of .

8. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The perovskite light absorbing layer includes CH3NH3PbI3, CH(NH2)2PbI3, Cs 0.05 (FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 0.95 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 )3, one or more of CsPbI3, CsPbI2Br, and CsPbIBr2.

9. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The solar cell further comprises at least one carrier transport layer; The carrier transport layer is arranged between the first electrode and the perovskite light absorption layer, and / or between the second electrode and the perovskite light absorption layer.

10. The solar cell according to claim 9, characterized in that The passivation layer is arranged between the carrier transport layer and the perovskite light absorbing layer.

11. The solar cell according to claim 10, characterized in that The solar cell further comprises a buffer layer; The buffer layer is arranged between the carrier transport layer and the second electrode, and / or between the carrier transport layer and the first electrode.

12. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module comprises the solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. A power generation device, characterized in that: The power generation device includes the solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

14. An electrical device, characterized in that: The electric device comprises the solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

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