Microorganism culture tank device and culture method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of microorganism culture, and discloses a microorganism culture tank device which comprises a culture tank, a concave observation area is arranged in the center of the top of the culture tank, a central culture area surrounding the observation area is arranged in the culture tank, an oil path temperature control area wraps the culture tank, and a double-helix heat conduction oil path is integrated in the oil path temperature control area. Through the cooperation of the uniform distributor and the distributed simulated liquid conveying unit, the gas-liquid proportion and fluid distribution can be accurately regulated and controlled, the physical and chemical conditions in the deep sea or extreme environment are simulated, the constant-temperature precision of + / -0.005 DEG C is realized through the double-helix heat conduction oil way, the low-temperature environment is stably maintained, and the real thermodynamic conditions of deep-sea sediments are simulated; the device meets the sensitive requirements of different microorganisms on temperature, and has the characteristics of high practicability and capability of simulating a dynamic fluid environment of deep sea.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of microorganism cultivation, in particular to a microorganism cultivation tank device and a cultivation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the field of microbial culture, traditional laboratory culture devices are typically used to cultivate microorganisms in controlled environments, including temperature, pH, and nutrients. However, cultivating deep-sea microorganisms presents unique challenges because they live in extreme environments, such as high pressure, low temperature, low oxygen levels, and specific chemical compositions. To adapt to these extreme conditions, scientists have developed a variety of deep-sea microbial culture devices.

[0003] Currently, most research on deep-sea microorganisms uses in situ culture devices, placing culture equipment directly in the deep-sea environment for experiments. While this method can provide realistic deep-sea conditions, it also has many limitations: high cost: each dive requires expensive equipment and a technical team to operate; limited sample size: space and weight constraints make large-scale sample collection and long-term continuous monitoring difficult; maintenance difficulties: if equipment fails, repairs are almost impossible in the deep sea; and difficult environmental control: while it can approach natural conditions, precise control of certain variables (such as temperature and pH) is relatively weak.

[0004] To overcome these limitations, researchers have turned to developing deep-sea environment simulation culture devices that can simulate the extreme conditions of the deep sea in laboratory environments. However, existing simulation devices still have shortcomings in accurately controlling environmental parameters, simulating the dynamic fluid environment of the deep sea, and achieving real-time monitoring of multiple parameters. Therefore, developing a microbial culture device that can accurately simulate the deep-sea environment, achieve multimodal fluid control, and possess efficient monitoring capabilities is of great significance for the study of deep-sea microorganisms. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a microorganism culture tank device to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a microbial culture tank device, comprising: The culture tank has a concave observation area at the center of the top, a central culture area arranged around the observation area, and an oil circuit temperature control area wrapped around the outside, with a double-helix heat conduction oil circuit integrated in the oil circuit temperature control area; a multi-layer modular culture rack, detachably mounted in the central culture area; At least three groups of distributed simulated liquid delivery units are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the culture tank to deliver the deep-sea sediment simulated liquid in a distributed manner; At least three groups of exhaust gas collaborative purification units are sequentially arranged between adjacent distributed simulated liquid delivery units, connected to the multi-layer purification module through an annular suction plate, and extract and purify the exhaust gas from the top of the culture tank; The uniform distributor is integrated into the center of the bottom of the culture tank and serves as a central fluid distribution hub. It is dynamically connected to the distributed simulated liquid delivery unit and the external gas delivery component to achieve multimodal fluid distribution including independent delivery of simulated liquid, independent injection of gas, and delivery of gas-liquid premixed state. It also forms an axial coupling with the multi-layer modular culture rack to form an upward flow simulation channel through the aperture gradient discharge group; A magnetic levitation stirring unit is provided at the bottom of the observation area and above the distributor; A multimodal sensor group is integrated in the culture tank to monitor environmental parameters.

[0007] According to the above technical solution, the distributed simulated liquid delivery unit includes: A simulated liquid delivery box is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the culture tank and has a liquid inlet on the top; A main delivery pipe 1, one end of which is connected to the bottom of the simulated liquid delivery box, and the other end of which is connected to a pair of auxiliary delivery pipes 1 through a three-way valve 1, forming a radially symmetrical fluid channel; a delivery pump, arranged on the outer wall of the culture tank and on the first main delivery pipe; The flow meter is arranged on the main delivery pipe.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, the exhaust gas collaborative purification unit includes: A gas purification box is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the culture tank and has an exhaust pipe at the bottom; The hollow ring-shaped suction tray is arranged on the top of the central culture area, and has suction ports evenly distributed on the bottom; The first clamping joint is evenly distributed on the outer wall of the annular suction plate and corresponds to the clamps evenly distributed inside the culture tank to perform locking and positioning; A suction connecting pipe, one end of which is connected to the top of the gas purification box and the other end of which is detachably connected to the top of the annular suction plate; A suction pump, fixedly mounted on the top of the gas purification box and arranged on the suction connecting pipe; The multi-layer purification module includes a PTFE hydrophobic membrane, a low-temperature catalytic bed, a high-temperature reactor, an activated carbon fiber layer and a UV photocatalytic unit that are connected in sequence.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, the distributor includes: The bottom connecting seat is fixedly installed at the center of the bottom of the culture tank and is provided with independently connected simulation liquid channels, gas channels and premixing channels; A top conical discharge head is coaxially fixedly arranged on the top of the bottom connecting seat, and a filter screen is threadedly connected to the upper end of the top conical discharge head; A simulated liquid channel, connecting the distributed simulated liquid delivery unit and the interior of the culture tank, and arranged in the same direction as the diameter direction of the top conical discharge head; A simulated liquid spray hole group is provided at the upper end of the top conical discharge head, is arranged in a linear array along the simulated liquid channel, and is connected to the simulated liquid channel at the bottom, with the aperture increasing from top to bottom; A gas channel, connecting the exhaust gas collaborative purification unit and the interior of the culture tank, is arranged in the same direction as the diameter direction of the top conical discharge head, and is arranged between adjacent simulated liquid channels; A gas nozzle group is provided at the upper end of the top conical discharge head, is arranged in a linear array along the second discharge channel, and is connected to the gas channel at the bottom, with the aperture decreasing from top to bottom; a premixing channel, connecting the distributed simulated liquid delivery unit and the gas delivery member with the interior of the culture tank, with the end thereof being arranged in a fan shape and a circumferential array being arranged in the top conical discharge head; A premixing nozzle group is arranged at the upper end of the top conical discharge head, is radially distributed in a fan shape on the premixing channel, and is connected to the premixing channel at the bottom; The apertures of the simulated liquid nozzle group, the gas nozzle group, and the premixed nozzle group decrease in gradient.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, the gas conveying member includes: The main delivery pipe 2 has one end connected to the external gas supply equipment and the other end connected to a pair of auxiliary delivery pipes 2 via a three-way valve 2; The second flow meter is arranged on the second main delivery pipe.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, the magnetic levitation stirring unit includes: A stator, mounted on the bottom of the observation area; A rotor is suspended above the distributor; The stirring rods are bent and evenly distributed on the side wall of the rotor.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, the multi-layer modular culture rack includes: An annular tray is arranged in a linear array along the height direction of the culture tank, and has placement grooves evenly distributed on the circumference thereof for placing the microorganism culture boxes. A through-hole is opened through the bottom of the placement groove, and the through-hole is coaxially aligned with the simulated liquid nozzle group, the gas nozzle group, and the premix nozzle group to form an upward flow channel; The second clamping joints are evenly distributed on the side wall of the tray body and are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the second clamp inside the culture tank to perform locking and positioning.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, the multimodal sensor group includes: Silicon piezoresistive sensors are arranged in three layers along the height direction of the culture tank, distributed in the top, middle and bottom of the culture tank, with each layer spaced 120 degrees apart in the circumferential direction; Optical fiber fluorescence sensors are evenly distributed in a circle on the top of the culture tank; Platinum resistors are arranged in a ring array on the inner wall of the culture tank and in a linear array along the height direction of the culture tank; Micro solid-state electrodes, arranged in a circular array at the upper end of the multi-layer modular culture rack and between adjacent placement slots; The ion-selective electrode array is arranged in a circumferential array at the bottom of the multi-layer modular culture rack.

[0014] According to the above technical solution, the culture tank includes: The tank body is arranged in a hollow cylindrical shape; a sapphire window, which is detachably mounted at the center of the top of the tank body by bolts and has an antireflection coating on its surface; a water inlet pipe, arranged on the top of the tank body; a drain pipe, arranged at the bottom of the tank; A pressure relief pipe is arranged on the top of the tank body; The supporting legs are evenly distributed on the bottom of the tank body.

[0015] A microbial culture method comprises the following steps: S1, gradient environment simulation S11, sediment environment initialization: Place a microbial culture box into the through-type culture tank of the multi-layer modular culture rack, control the double-helix heat transfer oil circuit to cool to the target temperature, inject pre-cooled deep-sea sediment simulation liquid through the distributed simulation liquid delivery unit until the liquid level submerges the top culture rack, start the gas independent injection mode of the distributor, and inject a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide into the central culture area; Upflow simulation: Switch the distributor to the gas-liquid premixed delivery mode, and deliver the gas-liquid mixed fluid upward through the premixed nozzle group at a micro-flow rate, forming a vertical micro-seepage field that penetrates the culture rack, and start the magnetic levitation stirring unit to operate at a low speed; S2, dynamic feedback control S21, multi-source monitoring: every 10 minutes, the axial and radial temperature deviation of the platinum resistance matrix, the fiber optic fluorescence sensor Concentration change rate, ion selective electrode array ion flux; S22, parameter closed loop adjustment: when When the concentration change rate reaches the threshold, the premixed gas-liquid flow rate is increased and the stirring speed is reduced, and the exhaust gas collaborative purification unit is started to suck part of the headspace exhaust gas for five-stage purification treatment. When the flux drops to a threshold, the distributor is switched to the simulated liquid independent delivery mode to replenish the sulfate-reducing bacteria nutrient solution; S3, Metabolic Regulation Across Scales S31, static incubation period: stirring and fluid delivery were suspended, constant temperature and pressure were maintained, and optical data of the microbial biofilm were collected every 2 hours through a sapphire window; S32, pulse perturbation period: start alternately with a 15-minute cycle, switch between high-speed pulse mode and upflow impact mode, and analyze the pH oscillation amplitude of the micro solid-state electrode in real time.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) High-precision deep-sea environment simulation: By cooperating with the uniform distributor and the distributed simulation liquid delivery unit, the gas-liquid ratio and fluid distribution can be precisely controlled to simulate the physical and chemical conditions in the deep sea or extreme environments. The double-helix heat conduction oil circuit can achieve a constant temperature accuracy of ±0.005°C, stably maintain a low-temperature environment, simulate the real thermodynamic conditions of deep-sea sediments, and meet the temperature sensitivity requirements of different microorganisms. The silicon piezoresistive sensor works in conjunction with the gas delivery component to achieve pressure and gas composition in the tank (such as 、 ) dynamic regulation, suitable for anaerobic, microaerobic and other metabolic studies; (2) Real fluid dynamic reconstruction: Silicon piezoresistive sensors monitor at three layers and nine points, combined with gas-liquid premixed injection (0.5 MPa methane mixture), to precisely control pore water pressure fluctuations. The premixed nozzle group of the uniform distributor is coaxially aligned with the through-hole of the culture rack to generate vertical seepage, matching the pore water flow rate of deep-sea sediments. Independent / mixed transport mode is dynamically switched, supporting gas-liquid ratio gradient adjustment, and accurately simulating the chemical gradient of cold spring / hydrothermal areas. (3) Improvement of microbial activity: Magnetic levitation stirring avoids mechanical wear and contamination, while asymmetrically bent stirring rods enhance mixing efficiency, forming a stable upwelling or pulsed disturbance flow field, promoting efficient transmission of nutrients and oxygen, and magnetic levitation stirring combined with micro-flow delivery to reduce shear stress damage to anaerobic bacterial membranes and enhance the activity of methane oxidizing bacteria. Periodic high-speed stirring combined with flow impact triggers transmembrane electron transfer of sulfur-reducing bacteria, which increases the sulfide generation rate compared to static culture. It supports three modes of independent injection of simulated liquid, independent gas injection, and gas-liquid premixing delivery. The gradient design of the nozzle group improves the uniformity of fluid distribution and prevents local enrichment or impoverishment. (4) Real-time monitoring and intelligent feedback control: Multimodal sensor array integration, including sensors for temperature, pressure, pH, ion concentration, gas concentration, etc., enables closed-loop monitoring of all parameters. Key parameters such as stirring speed, gas supply volume, and simulated liquid supply rate are automatically adjusted based on sensor feedback to ensure the stability and repeatability of the experimental process. Fiber optic fluorescence sensors are combined with sapphire transparent windows to achieve real-time optical monitoring of biofilm growth and metabolites without the need for destructive sampling. (5) Dual protection of environmental protection and safety: The five-stage purification module (hydrophobic membrane, catalytic bed, high-temperature reactor, activated carbon fiber, UV photocatalysis) effectively removes harmful gases with a purification efficiency of ≥95%, ensuring the health of operators and environmental safety. The overall structure is highly sealed to prevent microbial leakage and external contamination. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a first perspective schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is a second perspective schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 is a third perspective schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 is a first partial perspective schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 5 is a second partial perspective schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 6 is a third partial perspective schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 7 is a fourth partial perspective schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 8 is a fifth partial perspective schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 9 is a sixth partial perspective schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 10 is a seventh partial perspective schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure: 1-culture tank, 11-observation area, 12-central culture area, 13-oil circuit temperature control area, 14-tank body, 15-sapphire window, 16-water inlet pipe, 17-drain pipe, 18-pressure relief pipe, 19-support leg, 2-double spiral thermal oil circuit, 3-multi-layer modular culture rack, 31-ring tray, 32-placement slot, 33-through port, 34-clamp connector 2, 35-clamp 2, 4-distributed simulation Liquid delivery unit, 41-simulated liquid delivery box, 411-liquid inlet, 42-main delivery pipe 1, 43-three-way valve 1, 44-auxiliary delivery pipe 1, 45-delivery pump, 46-flow meter 1, 5-exhaust gas collaborative purification unit, 51-gas purification box, 511-exhaust pipe, 52-annular suction disc, 521-suction port, 53-clamp joint 1, 54-clamp 1, 55-suction connecting pipe, 56-suction pump, 5 7-Multi-layer purification module, 571-PTFE hydrophobic membrane, 572-Low-temperature catalytic bed, 573-High-temperature reactor, 574-Activated carbon fiber layer, 575-UV photocatalytic unit, 6-Uniform distributor, 61-Bottom connecting seat, 62-Simulated liquid channel, 63-Gas channel, 64-Premixing channel, 65-Top conical discharge head, 66-Filter, 67-Simulated liquid spray hole group, 68-Gas spray hole group, 69-Premixing spray hole group, 7-Gas conveying parts, 71-Main conveying pipe 2, 72-Three-way valve 2, 73-Auxiliary conveying pipe 2, 74-Flowmeter 2, 8-Magnetic levitation stirring unit, 81-Stator, 82-Rotor, 83-Bent stirring rod, 9-Multimodal sensor group, 91-Silicon piezoresistive sensor, 92-Fiber optic fluorescence sensor, 93-Platinum resistor, 94-Micro solid-state electrode, 95-Ion selective electrode array. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] See also Figure 1-10 The present invention provides a technical solution: a microbial culture tank device, comprising: The culture tank 1 has a concave observation area 11 at the center of the top, a central culture area 12 arranged around the observation area 11, and an oil circuit temperature control area 13 wrapped around the outside. The oil circuit temperature control area 13 has a double-helix heat conduction oil circuit 2 integrated therein; A multi-layer modular culture rack 3 is detachably mounted in the central culture area 12; At least three groups of distributed simulated liquid delivery units 4 are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the culture tank 1 to deliver the deep-sea sediment simulated liquid in a distributed manner; At least three groups of exhaust gas collaborative purification units 5 are sequentially arranged between the adjacent distributed simulated liquid delivery units 4, connected to the multi-layer purification module 57 through the annular suction plate 52, to extract and purify the exhaust gas from the top of the culture tank 1; The uniform distributor 6 is integrated into the bottom center of the culture tank 1 and serves as a central fluid distribution hub. It is dynamically connected to the distributed simulated liquid delivery unit 4 and the external gas delivery unit 7 to achieve multimodal fluid distribution including independent delivery of simulated liquid, independent injection of gas, and delivery of gas-liquid premixed state. It also forms an axial coupling with the multi-layer modular culture rack 3 through the aperture gradient discharge group to form an upward flow simulation channel. A magnetic levitation stirring unit 8 is provided at the bottom of the observation area 11 and is located above the distributor 6; A multimodal sensor group 9 is integrated into the culture tank 1 to monitor environmental parameters; This invention solves the challenges of environmental simulation, uniformity control, and efficient operation and maintenance in deep-sea microbial cultivation by integrating distributed transportation, exhaust gas purification, magnetic levitation stirring, and multimodal sensing technologies. It has significant industrial application value and mainly includes the following core technologies: Culture tank 1: As the core container for microbial culture, it provides a closed, constant temperature, and controllable environment. A concave observation area 11 is set in the center of the top to facilitate real-time monitoring of microbial growth status. A central culture area 12 is set up around the observation area inside. The observation area 11 is set up around it for placing microbial culture boxes and culture fluids. The outside is wrapped with an oil circuit temperature control area 13, which integrates a double-helix heat transfer oil circuit 2 to achieve precise temperature control. The double-helix heat transfer oil circuit 2 ensures that the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the culture tank is ≤±0.5℃, simulating the temperature gradient of the deep-sea environment. The double-helix design increases the heat exchange area by 300%, eliminating temperature dead spots, and the heat transfer oil (silicone oil) circulation achieves rapid heating and cooling, supporting a temperature range of -20℃ to 80℃. The tank body 14 is made of high-temperature and high-pressure resistant material, with a sapphire window (transmittance ≥92%) on the top to support optical detection. A lifting telephoto lens is installed in the observation area 11 to achieve interference-free observation; Distributed simulated liquid delivery units 4 (at least three groups): circumferentially evenly distributed on the outer wall of the culture tank 1, forming radially symmetrical fluid channels through a main delivery pipe 42 and an auxiliary delivery pipe 44 to achieve uniform distribution of the deep-sea sediment simulated liquid. Each unit group includes a simulated liquid delivery tank 41, a delivery pump 45, and a flow meter 46 to ensure controllable flow rate. The simulated liquid delivery tank 41 is a liquid storage tank with an insulation layer, with a liquid inlet 411 on the top. The simulated liquid flow direction is switched by a three-way valve, supporting the coordinated operation of multiple delivery units to achieve uniform distribution of the deep-sea sediment simulated liquid and avoid local concentration differences; Exhaust gas collaborative purification unit 5 (at least three groups): Located between adjacent simulated liquid delivery units 4, the three groups of units are distributed circumferentially to ensure uniform injection of simulated liquid (flow rate 0.1-10mL / min). They are connected to the multi-layer purification module (PTFE hydrophobic membrane 571, low-temperature catalytic bed 572, high-temperature reactor 573, activated carbon fiber layer 574, UV photocatalytic unit 575) through an annular suction disc to efficiently remove harmful components in the exhaust gas, with a purification efficiency of ≥95%, meeting high cleanliness requirements; Distributor 6: Distributor 6 is the core fluid distribution component in the entire microbial culture tank. It is located at the bottom center of the culture tank 1. It realizes independent delivery or premixed delivery of simulated liquid and gas through a three-way valve. It is responsible for evenly distributing simulated liquid, gas and gas-liquid premixed fluid from different sources into the culture tank to ensure the consistency and stability of the culture environment. A filter is provided on the top to prevent impurities from entering the culture area. Independent delivery mode: supports independent injection of simulated liquid or gas. The simulated liquid or gas is introduced into the culture tank through different channels (simulated liquid channel 62 and gas channel 63). It is suitable for situations where liquid or gas input needs to be controlled separately. Premixed delivery mode : In this mode, the simulated liquid and gas are first mixed in the premixing channel 64, and then transported upward to the culture area through the premixing nozzle group 69. It is suitable for application scenarios that require precise control of the gas-liquid ratio and promote full contact between the two. In order to achieve the best fluid distribution effect, the distributor has designed various types of nozzle groups and adopted the design principle of aperture gradient emission. The simulated liquid nozzle group 67: is arranged on a linear array along the diameter direction to ensure that the simulated liquid can be evenly diffused in all directions. The gas nozzle group 68: also adopts a linear array layout, but is arranged between adjacent simulated liquid channels to ensure that the gas can effectively penetrate the liquid layer to reach various areas. The premixing nozzle group 69: is fan-shaped The radiation is distributed inside the top conical discharge head 65, so that the premixed gas-liquid mixture can cover the entire culture space more widely. When the uniform distributor 6 is used in conjunction with the multi-layer modular culture rack 3, the working mode can be adjusted to create an upward flow simulation channel. When switched to the gas-liquid premixed state delivery mode, the micro-flow of gas-liquid mixed fluid will flow upward along the path formed by the through-port 33, thereby forming a stable vertical micro-seepage field, which is conducive to the study of the unique physical and chemical processes in the deep-sea environment. This design not only helps to improve the dispersion efficiency of the fluid, but also avoids the phenomenon of excessive enrichment or impoverishment in local areas, thereby providing an ideal growth environment for microorganisms. The homogenizer has a wide range of applications. When culturing microorganisms in simulated deep-sea environments, the homogenizer 6 can help researchers precisely control the composition and concentration gradient of the simulated liquid entering the culture tank. It can also effectively remove the generated waste gas and maintain the pressure balance of the system. By flexibly switching the operating mode of the homogenizer 6, different fluid dynamic conditions can be created during the static incubation period and the pulse disturbance period. This is very helpful for exploring the adaptive mechanism of microbial communities in changing environments. In the field of biotechnology, the homogenizer can be used to improve traditional fermentation processes. For example, in the production of antibiotics, the supply method and ventilation conditions of the culture medium can be optimized to achieve the purpose of increasing production. Magnetic levitation stirring unit 8: The stator 81 is embedded in the bottom of the observation area, and the rotor 82 is suspended above the uniform distributor 6. Uniform mixing is achieved by bending the stirring rod 83 to avoid mechanical wear. Due to the use of magnetic levitation technology, there is no physical contact between the rotor 82 and the stator 81, thereby avoiding the wear problem and the resulting contamination risk caused by traditional mechanical stirring. It is particularly suitable for microbial cultivation processes that require a highly clean environment, especially microbial research conducted in deep-sea sediment simulation environments. The design of the bent stirring rod 83 helps to generate complex flow patterns, not only effectively mixing the gas-liquid two-phase medium, but also forming a stable upwelling or pulse flow, which is of great significance for simulating natural water flow conditions, improving oxygen transmission efficiency, and promoting nutrient diffusion. The magnetic levitation stirring unit can flexibly adjust the speed according to experimental requirements. When running at low speed, it can maintain a micro-seepage field, which is suitable for operation during the static incubation period. When it is necessary to enhance the mixing effect or simulate specific fluid dynamics conditions, such as during the upwelling impact mode, it can switch to a high-speed operation state to achieve the best cultivation effect; Multi-layer modular culture racks 3: These are detachably mounted in the central culture area 12 and arranged in a linear array along the height direction. The multi-layer modular design allows for simultaneous microbial culture experiments at multiple levels within the same culture tank 1, making it suitable for studying the adaptability and metabolic activity of microorganisms at different depths. The modular design allows users to adjust the number of layers or replace culture racks at specific layers according to actual needs, increasing experimental flexibility. For example, in some cases, only shallow culture may be required, while at other times, in-depth research into the impact of the deep environment is required. The culture racks are detachable, facilitating regular cleaning and disinfection to avoid cross-contamination, as well as facilitating replacement of new culture substrates or adjustment of experimental settings. Combined with a multimodal sensor set, environmental parameters (such as pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, and temperature) can be accurately monitored at each culture level, helping researchers better understand how microorganisms respond to external stimuli and regulate their own physiological states in their specific microenvironments. These racks are suitable for microbial ecology studies simulating deep-sea environments. Multimodal sensor group: including silicon piezoresistive sensor 571, fiber optic fluorescence sensor 572, platinum resistor 573, micro solid-state electrode 574 and ion selective electrode array 575, real-time monitoring of temperature, pressure, pH value, dissolved oxygen, ion concentration and other parameters. The data closed-loop regulation system dynamically optimizes the culture conditions based on sensor feedback; Specifically, the distributed simulated liquid delivery unit 4 includes: The simulated liquid delivery box 41 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the culture tank 1 and has a liquid inlet 411 on the top; A main delivery pipe 42 has one end connected to the bottom of the simulated liquid delivery box 41 and the other end connected to a pair of auxiliary delivery pipes 44 via a three-way valve 43, forming a radially symmetrical fluid channel; A delivery pump 45 is provided on the outer wall of the culture tank 1 and on the main delivery pipe 42; A flow meter 46 is provided on the main delivery pipe 42; The simulated liquid delivery box 41 is fixed to the outer wall of the culture tank 1 and has a liquid inlet 411 on the top. The main delivery pipe 42 connects the bottom of the delivery box and the three-way valve 43. The auxiliary delivery pipe 44 is a pair of radially symmetrical fluid channels, which are connected to the main delivery pipe 42 through the three-way valve 43. The delivery pump 45 is installed on the main delivery pipe 42 to drive the flow of the simulated liquid. The flow meter 46 monitors the flow rate in the main delivery pipe 42 to achieve uniform distribution of the deep-sea sediment simulated liquid and avoid local concentration differences. The flow direction of the simulated liquid is switched by the three-way valve 43, supporting the coordinated operation of multiple groups of delivery units. The flow meter 46 provides real-time feedback of flow rate data to ensure delivery accuracy. Specifically, the exhaust gas collaborative purification unit 5 includes: The gas purification box 51 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the culture tank 1 and has an exhaust pipe 511 at the bottom; The annular suction plate 52 is hollow and is arranged on the top of the central culture area 12, with suction ports 521 evenly distributed on the bottom; The clamping joints 53 are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the annular suction plate 52 and are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the clamps 54 evenly distributed inside the culture tank 1 to perform locking and positioning; A suction connecting pipe 55 , one end of which is connected to the top of the gas purification box 51 , and the other end of which is detachably connected to the top of the annular suction plate 52 ; A suction pump 56 is fixedly mounted on the top of the gas purification box 51 and is provided on the suction connecting pipe 55; The multi-layer purification module 57 includes a PTFE hydrophobic membrane 571, a low-temperature catalyst bed 572, a high-temperature reactor 573, an activated carbon fiber layer 574 and a UV photocatalytic unit 575 which are connected in sequence. The gas purification box 51 is fixed to the outer wall of the culture tank 1, and an exhaust pipe 511 is provided at the bottom. The annular suction disc 52 has a hollow structure, and suction ports 521 are evenly distributed at the bottom, which fits the top of the culture tank 1. The clamping joint 53 is evenly distributed on the outer wall of the annular suction disc 52 and cooperates with the clamp 54 inside the culture tank 1 for positioning. The suction connecting pipe 55 connects the top of the gas purification box 51 and the annular suction disc 52. The suction pump 56 is installed on the suction connecting pipe 55 to drive the flow of exhaust gas. The PTFE hydrophobic membrane 571 filters liquid impurities, the low-temperature catalytic bed 572 degrades volatile organic compounds, the high-temperature reactor 573 decomposes difficult-to-degrade gases, the activated carbon fiber layer 574 adsorbs residual pollutants, and the UV photocatalytic unit 575 uses ultraviolet light to decompose harmful substances. Specifically, the distributor 6 includes: The bottom connecting seat 61 is fixedly installed at the center of the bottom of the culture tank 1 and is provided with an independently connected simulated liquid channel 62, a gas channel 63 and a premixing channel 64; A top conical discharge head 65 is coaxially fixedly disposed on the top of the bottom connecting seat 61 , and a filter screen 66 is threadedly connected to the upper end of the top conical discharge head 65 ; The simulated liquid channel 62 connects the distributed simulated liquid delivery unit 4 and the interior of the culture tank 1 and is arranged in the same direction as the diameter direction of the top conical discharge head 65; The simulated liquid spray hole group 67 is provided at the upper end of the top conical discharge head 65 and is arranged in a linear array along the simulated liquid channel 62. The bottom is connected to the simulated liquid channel 62, and the aperture increases from top to bottom. The gas channel 63 connects the exhaust gas collaborative purification unit 5 and the interior of the culture tank 1 , is arranged in the same direction as the diameter direction of the top conical discharge head 65 , and is arranged between adjacent simulated liquid channels 62 ; The gas nozzle group 68 is provided at the upper end of the top conical discharge head 65, is arranged in a linear array along the discharge channel 2, and is connected to the gas channel 63 at the bottom, with the aperture decreasing from top to bottom; The premixing channel 64 connects the distributed simulated liquid delivery unit 4 and the gas delivery member 7 with the interior of the culture tank 1 , and the end thereof is arranged in a fan shape and a circumferential array is arranged in the top conical discharge head 65 ; The premixing nozzle group 69 is provided at the upper end of the top conical discharge head 65, is radially distributed in a fan shape on the premixing channel 64, and is connected to the premixing channel 64 at the bottom; The apertures of the simulated liquid spray hole group 67, the gas spray hole group 68 and the premixed spray hole group 69 decrease in gradient; The uniform distributor 6 serves as a central fluid distribution hub, supporting three modes: independent delivery of simulated liquid, independent injection of gas, and delivery of gas-liquid premixed state. The bottom connecting seat 61 is fixed to the bottom center of the culture tank 1, integrating the simulated liquid channel 62, the gas channel 63, and the premixed channel 64. The top discharge head 65 is coaxially arranged, and the top thread is connected to the filter screen 66. The simulated liquid nozzle group 67 is distributed in a linear array along the simulated liquid channel, with an increased aperture gradient. The high flow rate at the bottom prevents sediment blockage, and the low flow rate at the top maintains laminar flow. The gas nozzle group 68 is distributed in a linear array along the gas channel, with a decreasing aperture gradient. The premixed nozzle group 69 is fan-shaped and radiated. At the end of the premixing channel, the aperture gradient decreases, large bubbles at the top quickly float up, and microbubbles at the bottom extend the dissolution time. The fan-shaped premixing nozzles are set to 6 groups of 30° fan-shaped radiation angles, covering 360° space, forming turbulent shear force and achieving nano-level mixing of gas and liquid. In independent delivery mode, the simulated liquid seeps upward from the bottom, and the gas forms an ascending bubble column, which is mainly used for initial environment construction (such as anaerobic filling). In premixed delivery mode, the gas-liquid premixed fluid is sprayed in a 30° fan-shaped turbulent flow to enhance dissolved oxygen / nutrient transfer (such as aerobic cultivation). In pulse disturbance mode, the three channels are alternately started and stopped according to the program to simulate tidal / hydrothermal vent impact; Specifically, the gas conveying member 7 includes: The main delivery pipe 2 71 has one end connected to the external gas supply equipment, and the other end is connected to a pair of auxiliary delivery pipes 2 73 through a three-way valve 2 72; A second flow meter 74 is provided on the second main delivery pipe 71; The second main delivery pipe 71 connects the external gas supply equipment and the second three-way valve 72. The second auxiliary delivery pipe 73 forms a pair of radially symmetrical fluid channels. The second flow meter 74 monitors the gas delivery flow rate and provides accurate delivery of gases such as methane and carbon dioxide. The second three-way valve 72 switches the gas delivery mode (independent or premixed). The second flow meter 74 ensures that the gas flow rate is controllable. Specifically, the magnetic levitation stirring unit 8 includes: The stator 81 is embedded and installed at the bottom of the observation area 11; The rotor 82 is suspended above the distributor 6; The stirring rods 83 are bent and evenly distributed on the side wall of the rotor 82; The stator 81 is embedded in the bottom of the observation area and provides an electromagnetic field. The rotor 82 is suspended above the distributor 6 and is driven to rotate by electromagnetic force. The bent stirring rods 83 are evenly distributed on the side wall of the rotor 81. The asymmetric design allows contactless stirring to avoid mechanical wear and contamination. The bent stirring rods enhance the fluid mixing effect and form a uniform upward flow. The micro-seepage field is maintained at low speed and pulse disturbance is generated at high speed. Specifically, the multi-layer modular culture rack 3 includes: The annular tray 31 is arranged in a linear array along the height direction of the culture tank 1. The placement grooves 32 are evenly distributed on the circumference thereof for placing the microorganism culture boxes. The bottom of the placement grooves 32 is penetrated by a through-hole 33. The through-hole 33 is coaxially aligned with the simulated liquid nozzle group 67, the gas nozzle group 68, and the premix nozzle group 69 to form an upward flow channel; The second clamping joints 34 are evenly distributed on the side wall of the tray body and are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the second clamp 35 inside the culture tank 1 for locking and positioning; The annular tray 31 is arranged in a linear array along the height direction of the culture tank 1, with placement grooves 32 evenly distributed around the circumference. The placement grooves 32 are adapted to standard microbial culture boxes and support multi-layer synchronous culture. The through-hole 33 penetrates the bottom and is coaxially aligned with the nozzle group of the uniform distributor. The design of the through-hole 33 closely cooperates with the uniform distributor 6 to form an efficient upward flow channel. This design helps promote material exchange between the gas and liquid phases, ensuring that oxygen, nutrients and metabolic products can be evenly distributed throughout the culture system, which is conducive to the healthy growth of microorganisms. The second clamping joint 34 is evenly distributed on the side wall of the tray and cooperates with the second clamp 35 inside the culture tank 1 to be positioned. The detachable design facilitates cleaning, replacement and functional expansion. Specifically, the multimodal sensor group 9 includes: Silicon piezoresistive sensors 91 are arranged in three layers along the height direction of the culture tank 1, distributed in the top, middle and bottom of the culture tank 1, with each layer spaced 120° apart in the circumferential direction; Optical fiber fluorescence sensors 92 are evenly distributed in a circle on the top of the culture tank 1; Platinum resistors 93 are arranged in a ring array on the inner wall of the culture tank 1 and in a linear array along the height direction of the culture tank 1; Micro solid-state electrodes 94 are arranged in a circular array at the upper end of the multi-layer modular culture rack 3 and between adjacent placement slots 32; An ion selective electrode array 95, a circumferential array arranged at the bottom of the multi-layer modular culture rack 3; Silicon piezoresistive sensors 91 are arranged in three layers (top, middle, and bottom) along the height direction of the culture tank 1, with each layer spaced 120° circumferentially to monitor pressure changes at different depths, helping to understand the pressure fluctuations generated during microbial growth and their impact on microorganisms. By measuring the pressure difference at different levels, the fluid flow can be indirectly evaluated to ensure the effective distribution of nutrients and oxygen. Fiber optic fluorescence sensors 92 are evenly distributed in three layers on the top of the culture tank to monitor Concentration is beneficial for studying the metabolic activities of microorganisms in deep sea or anaerobic environments. The platinum resistor 93 ring array is installed on the inner wall of the culture tank 1 and is linearly distributed along the height direction to monitor the temperature. Temperature control is crucial for microbial growth, especially when simulating specific natural environments (such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents). Accurate temperature monitoring helps maintain stable experimental conditions. The micro solid-state electrode 94 circumferential array is set at the top of the culture rack to measure the local pH value and understand the changes in pH during microbial metabolism. The changes in pH value can directly reflect the changes in microbial metabolic activity. The ion selective electrode array 95 circumferential array is installed at the bottom of the culture rack to monitor Plasma flux is beneficial for studying sulfate-reducing bacteria or other microorganisms that rely on specific ions as nutrient sources. By monitoring changes in these ion concentrations, the consumption of nutrients and the accumulation of metabolites during microbial metabolism can be tracked. Specifically, the culture tank 1 includes: The tank body 14 is arranged in a hollow cylindrical shape; A sapphire window 15 is detachably mounted on the top center of the tank 14 by bolts, and its surface is coated with an anti-reflection film; A water inlet pipe 16 is provided on the top of the tank body 14; A drain pipe 17 is provided at the bottom of the tank body 14; A pressure relief pipe 18 is provided on the top of the tank body 14; Support legs 19, evenly distributed around the bottom of the tank body 14; A microbial culture method comprises the following steps: S1, gradient environment simulation S11, sediment environment initialization: a microbial culture box is placed in the through-type culture tank of the multi-layer modular culture rack 3, the double-helix heat transfer oil circuit 2 is controlled to cool to the target temperature, and pre-cooled deep-sea sediment simulation liquid is injected through the distributed simulation liquid delivery unit 4 until the liquid level submerges the top culture rack. The gas independent injection mode of the gas distributor 6 is activated to inject a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide into the central culture area 12; Upflow simulation: switch the distributor 6 to the gas-liquid premixed state delivery mode, and deliver the gas-liquid mixed fluid upward through the premixed nozzle group 69 at a micro-flow rate to form a vertical micro-seepage field that penetrates the culture rack, and start the magnetic levitation stirring unit 8 to run at a low speed; S2, dynamic feedback control S21, multi-source monitoring: every 10 minutes, the axial and radial temperature deviation of the platinum resistance matrix, the fiber optic fluorescence sensor 92 Concentration change rate, ion selective electrode array 95 ion flux; S22, parameter closed loop adjustment: when When the concentration change rate reaches the threshold, the premixed gas-liquid flow rate is increased and the stirring speed is reduced, and the exhaust gas collaborative purification unit 5 is started to suck part of the headspace exhaust gas for five-stage purification treatment. When the flux drops to a threshold value, the distributor 6 is switched to the simulated liquid independent delivery mode to replenish the sulfate-reducing bacteria nutrient solution; S3, Metabolic Regulation Across Scales S31, static incubation period: stirring and fluid delivery are suspended, constant temperature and pressure are maintained, and optical data of the microbial biofilm are collected every 2 hours through the sapphire window 15; S32, pulse disturbance period: start alternately with a cycle of 15 minutes, switch between high-speed pulse mode and upflow impact mode, and analyze the pH oscillation amplitude of the micro solid-state electrode 94 in real time.

[0020] Example 1: Deep sea sediment simulation experiment Objective: To investigate the growth patterns and metabolites of specific microbial communities in deep-sea environments.

[0021] Setup: A multi-layer modular culture rack was used to arrange simulated deep-sea sediment samples at different depths. A distributor was used to precisely control the gas-liquid ratio and fluid distribution to simulate upwelling in the natural environment.

[0022] Operation: A magnetic levitation stirring unit is used to maintain a micro-seepage field at a low speed to promote the uniform diffusion of oxygen and nutrients. At the same time, a distributed simulated liquid delivery unit is used to regularly add liquid that simulates the chemical composition of the deep sea.

[0023] Monitoring: A multimodal sensor system monitors changes in parameters such as pH, temperature, and sulfate ion concentration in real time, and records the adaptation of microorganisms to different conditions.

[0024] Example 2: Industrial fermentation process optimization Objective: To increase the yield of an antibiotic-producing strain.

[0025] Setup: Multi-layer modular culture racks were installed in the culture tank, with culture media containing different initial nutrient formulations placed on each layer.

[0026] Operation: The speed of the magnetic levitation stirring unit is adjusted according to a preset schedule to create periodic disturbances, stimulating microorganisms to absorb nutrients faster and accelerate the metabolic process. The exhaust gas collaborative purification unit treats the exhaust gas generated during the fermentation process to reduce environmental pollution.

[0027] Monitoring: Fiber optic fluorescence sensors are used to detect the concentration of byproducts produced during the fermentation process. Combined with other sensor data, culture conditions such as temperature and pH are adjusted to find optimal production conditions.

[0028] Example 3: Cross-scale metabolic regulation research Objective: To explore how microbial communities respond to external stress fluctuations.

[0029] Setup: Control and experimental groups were set up in the same culture vessel, using different pressure gradient settings.

[0030] Operation: Regularly switch the working mode of the magnetic levitation stirring unit from static incubation to pulsed perturbation to observe the dynamic response of the microbial community. Use the distributed simulated liquid delivery unit to change the type or concentration of nutrients supplied to simulate resource fluctuations in nature.

[0031] Monitoring: A multimodal sensor system tracks and records changes in various indicators, including but not limited to dissolved oxygen levels and metabolite accumulation rates, to analyze the behavioral patterns of microbial communities in the face of external challenges.

[0032] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0033] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art will be able to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or substitute equivalents for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microbial culture tank device, characterized in that: include: A culture tank (1) is provided with a concave observation area (11) at the center of the top, a central culture area (12) arranged around the observation area (11) is provided inside, and an oil circuit temperature control area (13) is wrapped outside, and a double-helix heat conduction oil circuit (2) is integrated in the oil circuit temperature control area (13); A multi-layer modular culture rack (3) detachably mounted in the central culture area (12); At least three groups of distributed simulated liquid delivery units (4) are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the culture tank (1) to deliver the deep-sea sediment simulated liquid in a distributed manner; At least three groups of exhaust gas collaborative purification units (5) are sequentially arranged between adjacent distributed simulated liquid delivery units (4), connected to a multi-layer purification module (57) via an annular suction plate (52), and extract and purify the exhaust gas from the top of the culture tank (1); The uniform distributor (6) is integrated at the bottom center of the culture tank (1) and serves as a central fluid distribution hub. It is dynamically connected to the distributed simulated liquid delivery unit (4) and the external gas delivery unit (7) to achieve multimodal fluid distribution of independent delivery of simulated liquid, independent injection of gas, and delivery of gas-liquid premixed state, and forms an axial coupling of the ascending flow simulation channel with the multi-layer modular culture rack (3) through the aperture gradient discharge group; A magnetic levitation stirring unit (8) is provided at the bottom of the observation area (11) and is located above the distributor (6); A multimodal sensor group (9) is integrated into the culture tank (1) to monitor environmental parameters.

2. A microorganism culture tank device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distributed simulated liquid delivery unit (4) comprises: A simulated liquid delivery box (41) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the culture tank (1) and has a liquid inlet (411) on the top; A main delivery pipe (42) is connected at one end to the bottom of the simulated liquid delivery box (41), and the other end is connected to a pair of auxiliary delivery pipes (44) via a three-way valve (43), forming a radially symmetrical fluid channel; A delivery pump (45) is arranged on the outer wall of the culture tank (1) and on the main delivery pipe (42); A flow meter (46) is provided on the main delivery pipe (42).

3. A microorganism culture tank device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust gas collaborative purification unit (5) comprises: A gas purification box (51) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the culture tank (1) and has an exhaust pipe (511) at the bottom; An annular suction plate (52) is hollow and is arranged on the top of the central culture area (12), and has suction ports (521) evenly distributed on the bottom; A clamping joint (53) is evenly distributed on the outer wall of the annular suction plate (52) and is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with a clamp (54) evenly distributed inside the culture tank (1) for locking and positioning; A suction connecting pipe (55), one end of which is connected to the top of the gas purification box (51), and the other end of which is detachably connected to the top of the annular suction plate (52); A suction pump (56) is fixedly mounted on the top of the gas purification box (51) and is arranged on the suction connecting pipe (55); The multi-layer purification module (57) includes a PTFE hydrophobic membrane (571), a low-temperature catalytic bed (572), a high-temperature reactor (573), an activated carbon fiber layer (574), and a UV photocatalytic unit (575) that are connected in sequence.

4. A microorganism culture tank device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distributor (6) comprises: A bottom connecting seat (61) is fixedly mounted at the center of the bottom of the culture tank (1) and is provided with independently connected simulated liquid channels (62), gas channels (63) and premixing channels (64); A top conical discharge head (65) is coaxially fixedly arranged on the top of the bottom connecting seat (61), and a filter screen (66) is threadedly connected to the upper end of the top conical discharge head (65); A simulated liquid channel (62) connects the distributed simulated liquid delivery unit (4) and the interior of the culture tank (1), and is arranged in the same direction as the diameter direction of the top conical discharge head (65); A simulated liquid spray hole group (67) is provided at the upper end of the top conical discharge head (65), is arranged in a linear array along the simulated liquid channel (62), and is connected to the simulated liquid channel (62) at the bottom, with the aperture increasing from top to bottom; A gas channel (63) is connected to the exhaust gas collaborative purification unit (5) and the interior of the culture tank (1), is arranged in the same direction as the diameter direction of the top conical discharge head (65), and is arranged between adjacent simulated liquid channels (62); A gas nozzle group (68) is provided at the upper end of the top conical discharge head (65), is arranged in a linear array along the second discharge channel, and is connected to the gas channel (63) at the bottom, with the aperture decreasing from top to bottom; a premixing channel (64) connecting the distributed simulated liquid delivery unit (4) and the gas delivery member (7) with the interior of the culture tank (1), the end of which is arranged in a fan shape and the circumferential array is arranged in the top conical discharge head (65); A premixing nozzle group (69) is provided at the upper end of the top conical discharge head (65), is fan-shaped and radiated on the premixing channel (64), and is connected to the premixing channel (64) at the bottom; The apertures of the simulated liquid spray hole group (67), the gas spray hole group (68), and the premixed spray hole group (69) decrease in gradient.

5. The microorganism culture tank device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas conveying member (7) comprises: The main delivery pipe 2 (71) has one end connected to the external gas supply equipment and the other end connected to a pair of auxiliary delivery pipes 2 (73) via the three-way valve 2 (72); Flow meter 2 (74) is arranged on the main delivery pipe 2 (71).

6. The microorganism culture tank device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic levitation stirring unit (8) comprises: A stator (81) is mounted on the bottom of the observation area (11); A rotor (82) is suspended above the distributor (6); The stirring rods (83) are bent and evenly distributed on the side wall of the rotor (82).

7. The microorganism culture tank device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The multi-layer modular culture rack (3) comprises: An annular tray (31) is arranged in a linear array along the height direction of the culture tank (1), and is provided with placement grooves (32) evenly distributed on its circumference for placing the microorganism culture box. A through-hole (33) is opened through the bottom of the placement groove (32), and the through-hole (33) is coaxially aligned with the simulated liquid nozzle group (67), the gas nozzle group (68) and the premix nozzle group (69) to form an ascending flow channel; The second clamping joint (34) is evenly distributed on the side wall of the disc body and is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the second clamp (35) inside the culture tank (1) to perform locking and positioning.

8. The microorganism culture tank device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multimodal sensor group (9) comprises: Silicon piezoresistive sensors (91) are arranged in three layers along the height direction of the culture tank (1), respectively distributed at the top, middle and bottom of the culture tank (1), with each layer spaced 120° apart in the circumferential direction; Optical fiber fluorescence sensors (92) are evenly distributed in a circular pattern on the top of the culture tank (1); Platinum resistors (93) are arranged in a ring array on the inner wall of the culture tank (1) and in a linear array along the height direction of the culture tank (1); Micro solid-state electrodes (94) are arranged in a circular array at the upper end of the multi-layer modular culture rack (3) and between adjacent placement slots (32); An ion-selective electrode array (95) is arranged in a circular array at the bottom of the multi-layer modular culture rack (3).

9. The microorganism culture tank device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The culture tank (1) comprises: The tank body (14) is arranged in a hollow cylindrical shape; A sapphire window (15) is detachably mounted on the top center of the tank (14) by means of bolts, and the surface of the window is coated with an anti-reflection film; A water inlet pipe (16) is provided on the top of the tank body (14); A drainage pipe (17) is provided at the bottom of the tank body (14); A pressure relief pipe (18) is provided on the top of the tank body (14); The supporting legs (19) are evenly distributed around the bottom of the tank body (14).

10. A microorganism cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, gradient environment simulation S11, sediment environment initialization: insert a microbial culture box into the through-type culture tank of the multi-layer modular culture rack (3), control the double-helix heat transfer oil circuit (2) to cool to the target temperature, inject pre-cooled deep-sea sediment simulation liquid through the distributed simulation liquid delivery unit (4) until the liquid surface submerges the top culture rack, start the gas independent injection mode of the distributor (6), and inject a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide into the central culture area (12); Upward flow simulation: switch the distributor (6) to the gas-liquid premixed state delivery mode, and deliver the gas-liquid mixed fluid upward through the premixed nozzle group (69) at a micro-flow rate to form a vertical micro-seepage field that penetrates the culture rack, and start the magnetic suspension stirring unit (8) to run at a low speed; S2, dynamic feedback control S21, Multi-source monitoring: every 10 minutes, axial and radial temperature deviation of platinum resistance matrix, fiber optic fluorescence sensor (92) Concentration change rate, ion selective electrode array (95) ion flux; S22, parameter closed loop adjustment: when When the concentration change rate reaches the threshold, the premixed gas-liquid flow rate is increased and the stirring speed is reduced, and the exhaust gas collaborative purification unit (5) is started to suck part of the headspace exhaust gas for five-stage purification treatment. When the flux drops to a threshold value, the distributor (6) is switched to the simulated liquid independent delivery mode to replenish the sulfate-reducing bacteria nutrient solution; S3, Metabolic Regulation Across Scales S31, static incubation period: stirring and fluid delivery were suspended, constant temperature and pressure were maintained, and optical data of the microbial biofilm were collected every 2 hours through the sapphire window (15); S32, pulse perturbation period: the high-speed pulse mode and upflow impact mode were switched alternately with a cycle of 15 minutes to analyze the pH oscillation amplitude of the micro solid-state electrode (94) in real time.

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