Antistatic fabric and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an antistatic fabric and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: immersing terylene, chinlon or acrylic fiber fabric in a composite treatment solution composed of 3-8% of chitosan, 2-5% of glycerin, 0.5-2% of nano zinc oxide, 0.1-1% of a cross-linking agent and an acetic acid aqueous solution, drying, and baking to form the antistatic fabric with water storage-release functions. Chitosan adsorbs and stores moisture through hydrophilic groups, glycerin maintains moisture stability, nano-zinc oxide enhances electrical conductivity, and a cross-linking agent enhances binding force of all components and fibers, so that moisture can be released in a low-humidity environment to form a conductive liquid film, and static electricity is effectively dissipated. The method breaks through the dependence of the traditional technology on environment humidity, and is suitable for the synthetic fiber fabric which easily generates static electricity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fabrics and relates to an antistatic fabric and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In today's rapidly advancing world of technology and living standards, the textile industry is undergoing profound changes driven by material innovation and functional upgrades. Synthetic fibers, owing to their excellent mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, and easy-care characteristics, are widely used in clothing, home textiles, industrial fabrics, and other fields. From quick-drying sportswear for everyday wear to high-strength protective fabrics for industrial applications, the penetration of synthetic fibers such as polyester, nylon, and acrylic continues to rise, becoming a significant force in the modernization of the textile industry. However, while these materials offer convenience, they also come with a common challenge that needs to be addressed: static electricity.

[0003] Synthetic fibers have poor moisture absorption and high resistivity, making them prone to static electricity during daily use. This static electricity not only reduces wearing comfort, causing problems with clothing fit and stinging discharge, but can also cause fires and explosions, damage precision components, and pose a significant safety hazard in flammable and explosive environments or those used in electronic equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an antistatic fabric and a preparation method thereof. The fabric prepared by the present invention has antistatic properties, effectively solves the problem that synthetic fiber fabrics are prone to static electricity, and improves wearing comfort and use safety.

[0005] Existing technologies for antistatic fabrics primarily utilize surfactant treatment, conductive fiber blending, or co-modification. Surfactants rely on ambient humidity to maintain their effectiveness and become ineffective at low humidity levels. Conductive fiber blending is expensive and exhibits poor dyeing properties, making it difficult to adapt to dark fabrics. Co-modification processes are complex, and the conductive network is easily damaged by friction or heat treatment. These technologies all suffer from drawbacks such as poor environmental adaptability and process limitations.

[0006] The inventors conducted repeated and in-depth research to address the problem of static electricity on fabrics. Based on this awareness, they creatively discovered that by using a composite treatment solution containing chitosan, glycerol, nano-zinc oxide, and a cross-linking agent, an antistatic system with a dynamic balance of water storage and release can be constructed on the fabric surface. Chitosan absorbs water through its hydrophilic groups and forms a network structure to store water. Glycerol synergistically maintains moisture stability and replenishes moisture in dry environments. Nano-zinc oxide strengthens the network and creates a conductive pathway. The cross-linking agent firmly bonds the components to the fibers, ultimately forming a protective film that combines water storage, moisturizing, and electrical conductivity, enabling the fabric to dissipate static electricity even in low-humidity environments.

[0007] It should be noted that existing antistatic technologies mostly rely on fabrics absorbing moisture from the environment to maintain their conductive effect (for example, surfactants require an ambient humidity greater than 40%). The present invention overcomes this limitation by adopting an active water storage and directional water release mechanism. Taking fabric-made clothing as an example, during the washing process, chitosan pre-stores water through hydrophilic groups (hydroxyl and amino groups) and a three-dimensional network structure. Under the action of a crosslinker, the chitosan molecular chains form a "water storage sponge" with micropores. Glycerol locks the water in the micropores through a hydrogen bond network, allowing the fabric to retain a certain amount of internal moisture after drying. When the ambient humidity decreases, static electricity is generated on the fabric surface due to friction. At this time, the water stored in the chitosan micropores migrates to the fiber surface through capillary action, forming a nanoscale conductive liquid film between the fibers. This liquid film quickly dissipates static charge through ionic conduction, significantly reducing the risk of static electricity accumulation. Even in low-humidity environments, the pre-stored water can still independently form a conductive path without relying on environmental moisture absorption.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing an antistatic fabric, comprising the following steps: soaking the fabric in a composite treatment solution, drying, and baking to obtain the antistatic fabric;

[0010] The composite treatment solution includes the following raw materials in percentage by weight:

[0011] Chitosan 3%-8%; Glycerol 2%-5%;

[0012] Nano zinc oxide 0.5%-2%; Cross-linking agent 0.1%-1%;

[0013] The balance of acetic acid aqueous solution.

[0014] Preferably, the preparation method of the composite treatment liquid is as follows:

[0015] S1, dissolving chitosan in a portion of the acetic acid aqueous solution to obtain a chitosan solution;

[0016] S2, mixing glycerol and nano zinc oxide to obtain a suspension;

[0017] S3. Mix the chitosan solution with the suspension, then add the remaining acetic acid aqueous solution, stir, and finally add the cross-linking agent, stir to obtain a composite treatment solution.

[0018] Preferably, the particle size of the nano zinc oxide is 20-50 nm.

[0019] Preferably, the cross-linking agent is a silane coupling agent or a polyurethane cross-linking agent.

[0020] Preferably, the concentration of the acetic acid aqueous solution is 1%-2%.

[0021] Preferably, the fabric is selected from one or more of polyester, nylon and acrylic.

[0022] Preferably, the bath ratio of the fabric to the composite treatment liquid is 1:(15-25), and the soaking time of the fabric in the composite treatment liquid is 30-50 minutes.

[0023] Preferably, the drying temperature of the soaked fabric is 70-90°C, and the baking temperature of the soaked fabric is 110-130°C.

[0024] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an antistatic fabric prepared by the above preparation method.

[0025] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0026] This invention uses a composite treatment solution composed of chitosan, glycerol, nano-zinc oxide, and a cross-linking agent to create an antistatic system on the fabric surface with a dynamic balance of water storage and release, imparting antistatic properties to the fabric. This system actively releases pre-stored water in low-humidity environments, forming a conductive liquid film that effectively dissipates static charge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined purpose of the invention, the specific implementation methods, structures, features and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in combination with the embodiments.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] A method for preparing an antistatic fabric comprises the following steps:

[0030] The fabric was immersed in the composite treatment solution according to a bath ratio of 1:15 and soaked at 26°C for 40 minutes. The fabric was then taken out and placed in a hot air oven at 70°C to dry for 12 minutes and then baked at 110°C for 6 minutes to obtain an antistatic fabric.

[0031] The fabric is selected from one or more of polyester, nylon and acrylic. In this embodiment, the fabric is selected from polyester.

[0032] The composite treatment solution includes the following raw materials in percentage by weight, as shown in Table 1.

[0033] Table 1

[0034] Element content Chitosan 3％ glycerin 2％ Nano zinc oxide 0.5％ crosslinking agent 0.1％ 1% acetic acid aqueous solution margin

[0035] The crosslinking agent is one of a silane coupling agent and a polyurethane crosslinking agent. In this embodiment, the crosslinking agent is selected from a silane coupling agent, specifically γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0036] The particle size of nano zinc oxide is 20nm.

[0037] The preparation method of the composite treatment solution is as follows:

[0038] S1. Dissolve chitosan in a portion of a 1% acetic acid aqueous solution, heat to 60° C., stir at 200 rpm until completely dissolved, and cool naturally to room temperature to obtain a chitosan solution. It should be noted that the amount of the portion of the 1% acetic acid aqueous solution is added according to actual conditions, and the amount added is sufficient to allow the chitosan to be completely dissolved in the 1% acetic acid aqueous solution.

[0039] S2. Mix glycerol and nano zinc oxide, place them in an ultrasonic device, and ultrasonically disperse them for 30 minutes at an ultrasonic power of 300 W and a temperature of 25° C. to uniformly disperse the nano zinc oxide in the glycerol to obtain a uniform suspension.

[0040] S3. The chitosan solution and the suspension were stirred and mixed at a speed of 200 rpm for 25 minutes to initially disperse the two evenly; then the remaining 1% acetic acid aqueous solution was added and stirred at a speed of 400 rpm for 30 minutes to mix the solution evenly; finally, the cross-linking agent was added and stirred at a speed of 400 rpm for 20 minutes to obtain a composite treatment solution.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] A method for preparing an antistatic fabric comprises the following steps:

[0043] The fabric was immersed in the composite treatment liquid according to a bath ratio of 1:20 and soaked at 26°C for 30 minutes. The fabric was then taken out and placed in an 80°C hot air oven to dry for 10 minutes and then baked at 120°C for 5 minutes to obtain an antistatic fabric.

[0044] The fabric is selected from one or more of polyester, nylon and acrylic. In this embodiment, the fabric is selected from polyester.

[0045] The composite treatment solution includes the following raw materials in percentage by weight, as shown in Table 2.

[0046] Table 2

[0047] Element content Chitosan 5％ glycerin 3％ Nano zinc oxide 1％ crosslinking agent 0.5％ 1.5% acetic acid aqueous solution margin

[0048] The crosslinking agent is one of a silane coupling agent and a polyurethane crosslinking agent. In this embodiment, the crosslinking agent is selected from a silane coupling agent, specifically γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0049] The particle size of nano zinc oxide is 30nm.

[0050] The preparation method of the composite treatment solution is as follows:

[0051] S1. Dissolve chitosan in a portion of a 1.5% acetic acid aqueous solution, heat to 65° C., stir at 250 rpm until completely dissolved, and cool naturally to room temperature to obtain a chitosan solution. It should be noted that the amount of the portion of the 1.5% acetic acid aqueous solution is added according to actual conditions, and the amount added is sufficient to allow the chitosan to be completely dissolved in the 1.5% acetic acid aqueous solution.

[0052] S2. Mix glycerol and nano zinc oxide, place them in an ultrasonic device, and ultrasonically disperse them for 25 minutes at an ultrasonic power of 350 W and a temperature of 25° C. to uniformly disperse the nano zinc oxide in the glycerol to obtain a uniform suspension.

[0053] S3. The chitosan solution and the suspension were stirred and mixed at a speed of 220 rpm for 20 minutes to initially disperse the two evenly; then the remaining 1.5% acetic acid aqueous solution was added and stirred at a speed of 420 rpm for 28 minutes to mix the solutions evenly; finally, the cross-linking agent was added and stirred at a speed of 420 rpm for 18 minutes to obtain a composite treatment solution.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] A method for preparing an antistatic fabric comprises the following steps:

[0056] The fabric was immersed in the composite treatment solution according to a bath ratio of 1:25 and soaked at 24°C for 20 minutes. The fabric was then taken out and placed in a hot air oven at 90°C to dry for 8 minutes and then baked at 130°C for 4 minutes to obtain an antistatic fabric.

[0057] The fabric is selected from one or more of polyester, nylon and acrylic. In this embodiment, the fabric is selected from polyester.

[0058] The composite treatment solution includes the following raw materials in percentage by weight, as shown in Table 3.

[0059] Table 3

[0060] Element content Chitosan 8％ glycerin 5％ Nano zinc oxide 2％ crosslinking agent 1％ 2% acetic acid aqueous solution margin

[0061] The crosslinking agent is one of a silane coupling agent and a polyurethane crosslinking agent. In this embodiment, the crosslinking agent is selected from a silane coupling agent, specifically γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0062] The particle size of nano zinc oxide is 50nm.

[0063] The preparation method of the composite treatment solution is as follows:

[0064] S1. Dissolve chitosan in a portion of a 2% acetic acid aqueous solution, heat to 70° C., stir at 300 rpm until completely dissolved, and cool naturally to room temperature to obtain a chitosan solution. It should be noted that the amount of the portion of 2% acetic acid aqueous solution is added according to actual conditions, and the amount added is sufficient to allow the chitosan to be completely dissolved in the 2% acetic acid aqueous solution.

[0065] S2. Mix glycerol and nano zinc oxide, place them in an ultrasonic device, and ultrasonically disperse them for 20 minutes at an ultrasonic power of 400 W and a temperature of 27° C. to uniformly disperse the nano zinc oxide in the glycerol to obtain a uniform suspension.

[0066] S3. The chitosan solution and the suspension were stirred at a speed of 280 rpm for 15 minutes to initially disperse the two evenly; then the remaining 2% acetic acid aqueous solution was added and stirred at a speed of 450 rpm for 25 minutes to mix the solution evenly; finally, the cross-linking agent was added and stirred at a speed of 450 rpm for 15 minutes to obtain a composite treatment solution.

[0067] Example 4

[0068] A method for preparing an antistatic fabric comprises the following steps:

[0069] The fabric was immersed in the composite treatment liquid according to a bath ratio of 1:18 and soaked at 25°C for 45 minutes. The fabric was then taken out and placed in a hot air oven at 75°C to dry for 11 minutes and then baked at 115°C for 5 minutes to obtain an antistatic fabric.

[0070] The fabric is selected from one or more of polyester, nylon and acrylic. In this embodiment, the fabric is selected from polyester.

[0071] The composite treatment solution includes the following raw materials in percentage by weight, as shown in Table 4.

[0072] Table 4

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] The crosslinking agent is one of a silane coupling agent and a polyurethane crosslinking agent. In this embodiment, the crosslinking agent is selected from a silane coupling agent, specifically γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0076] The particle size of nano zinc oxide is 30nm.

[0077] The preparation method of the composite treatment solution is as follows:

[0078] S1. Dissolve chitosan in a portion of a 1.2% acetic acid aqueous solution, heat to 62° C., stir at a speed of 3220 rpm until completely dissolved, and cool naturally to room temperature to obtain a chitosan solution; it should be noted that the amount of the portion of the 1.2% acetic acid aqueous solution is added according to actual conditions, and the amount added is sufficient to allow the chitosan to be completely dissolved in the 1.2% acetic acid aqueous solution.

[0079] S2. Mix glycerol and nano zinc oxide, place them in an ultrasonic device, and ultrasonically disperse them for 28 minutes at an ultrasonic power of 320 W and a temperature of 26° C. to uniformly disperse the nano zinc oxide in the glycerol to obtain a uniform suspension.

[0080] S3. The chitosan solution and the suspension were stirred and mixed at a speed of 230 rpm for 22 minutes to initially disperse the two evenly; then the remaining 1.2% acetic acid aqueous solution was added and stirred at a speed of 430 rpm for 27 minutes to mix the solutions evenly; finally, the cross-linking agent was added and stirred at a speed of 430 rpm for 19 minutes to obtain a composite treatment solution.

[0081] Example 5

[0082] A method for preparing an antistatic fabric comprises the following steps:

[0083] The fabric was immersed in the composite treatment solution according to a bath ratio of 1:22 and soaked at 23°C for 35 minutes. The fabric was then taken out and placed in an 85°C hot air oven to dry for 9 minutes and then baked at 125°C for 5 minutes to obtain an antistatic fabric.

[0084] The fabric is selected from one or more of polyester, nylon and acrylic. In this embodiment, the fabric is selected from polyester.

[0085] The composite treatment solution includes the following raw materials in percentage by weight, as shown in Table 5.

[0086] Table 5

[0087] Element content Chitosan 6％ glycerin 2.5％ Nano zinc oxide 1.8％ crosslinking agent 0.7％ 1.8% acetic acid aqueous solution margin

[0088] The crosslinking agent is one of a silane coupling agent and a polyurethane crosslinking agent. In this embodiment, the crosslinking agent is selected from a silane coupling agent, specifically γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0089] The particle size of nano zinc oxide is 50nm.

[0090] The preparation method of the composite treatment solution is as follows:

[0091] S1. Dissolve chitosan in a portion of a 1.8% acetic acid aqueous solution, heat to 68° C., stir at 280 rpm until completely dissolved, and cool naturally to room temperature to obtain a chitosan solution. It should be noted that the amount of the portion of the 1.8% acetic acid aqueous solution is added according to actual conditions, and the amount added is sufficient to allow the chitosan to be completely dissolved in the 1.8% acetic acid aqueous solution.

[0092] S2. Mix glycerol and nano zinc oxide, place them in an ultrasonic device, and ultrasonically disperse them for 22 minutes at an ultrasonic power of 380 W and a temperature of 28° C. to uniformly disperse the nano zinc oxide in the glycerol to obtain a uniform suspension.

[0093] S3. The chitosan solution and the suspension were stirred and mixed at a speed of 260 rpm for 18 minutes to initially disperse the two evenly; then the remaining 1.8% acetic acid aqueous solution was added and stirred at a speed of 440 rpm for 26 minutes to mix the solutions evenly; finally, the cross-linking agent was added and stirred at a speed of 440 rpm for 16 minutes to obtain a composite treatment solution.

[0094] Comparative Example 1

[0095] The difference from Example 1 is that chitosan is not added to the composite treatment liquid, and an equal amount of acetic acid aqueous solution is used instead of chitosan.

[0096] Comparative Example 2

[0097] The difference from Example 1 is that glycerol is not added to the composite treatment liquid, and an equal amount of acetic acid aqueous solution is used instead of glycerol.

[0098] Comparative Example 3

[0099] The difference from Example 1 is that nano zinc oxide is not added to the composite treatment solution, and an equal amount of acetic acid aqueous solution is used instead of nano zinc oxide.

[0100] Comparative Example 4

[0101] The difference from Example 1 is that no cross-linking agent is added to the composite treatment solution, and an equal amount of acetic acid aqueous solution is used instead of the cross-linking agent.

[0102] Antistatic test:

[0103] Test sample treatment: According to the standard GB / T 8629-2017, the fabrics prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were subjected to a standard wash and then naturally dried.

[0104] 1. Use a multifunctional digital four-probe tester model ST-2258C to test the surface square resistance of each test sample. The sample size is 5cmx5cm.

[0105] 2. Use half-life method to conduct antistatic test on the test sample. The half-life method uses +10KV high voltage to discharge the sample on the rotating metal platform for 30 seconds. When the voltage stabilizes, disconnect the high voltage power supply and let the voltage decay naturally through the grounded metal platform. The time required for the voltage to decay to half of the starting voltage is measured to evaluate the antistatic effect of the fabric.

[0106] The test data is shown in Table 6.

[0107] Table 6

[0108]

[0109]

[0110] As can be seen from Table 6, the surface square resistance of the antistatic fabrics prepared in Examples 1-5 is significantly lower than that in Comparative Examples 1-4, and the half-life is also significantly shortened. This shows that the synergistic effect of chitosan, glycerol, nano zinc oxide and crosslinking agent has a significant effect on improving the antistatic properties of the fabric. In Comparative Example 1, no chitosan was added, and the fabric could not effectively store water, resulting in difficulty in forming a conductive path and a significant decrease in antistatic performance; Comparative Example 2 lacked glycerol, and its water retention capacity was weakened, resulting in rapid water loss in a low-humidity environment, affecting the antistatic effect; Comparative Example 3 did not add nano zinc oxide, and the conductive path was not sufficiently constructed, so static electricity could not be dissipated in time; Comparative Example 4 did not use a crosslinking agent, and the various components were not firmly bonded to the fiber, and easily fell off during washing, resulting in unstable antistatic performance.

[0111] In summary, the present invention successfully constructs an antistatic system with a dynamic balance of water storage and release by adopting a specific composite treatment liquid and preparation method, thereby significantly improving the antistatic performance of synthetic fiber fabrics.

[0112] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any form of limitation to the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above in terms of a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments using the technical contents disclosed above. However, any brief modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an antistatic fabric, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The fabric is immersed in the composite treatment solution, dried and baked to obtain the antistatic fabric; The composite treatment solution includes the following raw materials in percentage by weight:

2. The method for preparing an antistatic fabric according to claim 1, wherein: The preparation method of the composite treatment liquid is as follows: S1, dissolving chitosan in a portion of the acetic acid aqueous solution to obtain a chitosan solution; S2, mixing glycerol and nano zinc oxide to obtain a suspension; S3. Mix the chitosan solution with the suspension, then add the remaining acetic acid aqueous solution, stir, and finally add the cross-linking agent, stir to obtain a composite treatment solution.

3. The method for preparing an antistatic fabric according to claim 1, wherein: The particle size of the nano zinc oxide is 20-50 nm.

4. The method for preparing an antistatic fabric according to claim 1, wherein: The cross-linking agent is a silane coupling agent or a polyurethane cross-linking agent.

5. The method for preparing an antistatic fabric according to claim 1, wherein: The concentration of the acetic acid aqueous solution is 1%-2%.

6. The method for preparing an antistatic fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fabric is selected from one or more of polyester, nylon and acrylic.

7. The method for preparing an antistatic fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bath ratio of the fabric to the composite treatment liquid is 1:(15-25), and the soaking time of the fabric in the composite treatment liquid is 30-50 minutes.

8. The method for preparing an antistatic fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying temperature of the soaked fabric is 70-90°C, and the baking temperature of the soaked fabric is 110-130°C.

9. The antistatic fabric prepared according to the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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