Top plate pressure energy recovery and application system based on hydraulic support

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mining, and particularly relates to a top plate pressure energy recovery and application system based on a hydraulic support, which comprises a hydraulic support top beam, a hydraulic energy conversion system and a piezoelectric energy conversion system, the hydraulic support top beam comprises a top beam top plate, a top beam side plate and a connecting device; the hydraulic energy conversion system comprises a hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic motor, a generator, an electricity storage device and an energy accumulator, a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is in contact with a top plate of the top beam, the hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic motor, the generator and the electricity storage device are sequentially connected, and the energy accumulator is connected with an oil return pipeline of the hydraulic cylinder and a pushing jack of the hydraulic support; the piezoelectric energy conversion system comprises a piezoelectric layer and an elastic layer, and the piezoelectric layer is electrically connected with the electricity storage device. By combining various pressure energy collection and conversion systems, pressure generated by a roof rock stratum in the coal mining process can be better collected, mechanical energy is converted into electric energy, diversified utilization of conversion of the pressure energy into the electric energy is achieved, and the utilization efficiency of the energy is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mining, and in particular relates to a roof pressure energy recovery and application system based on a hydraulic support. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of industrialization, coal mining technology is constantly improving and developing. In fully mechanized coal mining faces, hydraulic supports serve as key support equipment during the mining process, effectively supporting the exposed roof during mining and ensuring a safe working space at the mining face. Hydraulic supports not only need to withstand the tremendous pressure of the roof rock strata, but also need to be able to flexibly extend and move forward as coal mining advances. As mining depth increases and coal seam conditions change, the pressure on the roof rock strata borne by the hydraulic support top beam gradually increases. This pressure contains a wealth of mechanical energy, but in the design and use of traditional hydraulic supports, this energy is not effectively utilized, but is dissipated through other means, resulting in energy waste.

[0003] In the existing technology, underground coal mines rely on external cables for power supply. Cables are laid from ground power stations to various working areas underground to provide power for the lighting equipment required for coal mining. The underground environment is relatively complex, and laying cables requires a certain amount of manpower, material resources and time costs. Moreover, in complex environments, cables are easily squeezed and damaged, resulting in power supply failures, affecting the continuity and stability of coal mining operations; gas monitoring equipment mostly relies on batteries for power supply, with limited endurance, which can easily cause monitoring interruptions and lead to missing monitoring data. Moreover, the battery itself is also a cost expenditure, and frequent replacement will increase certain operating costs; the forward movement of hydraulic supports relies on external hydraulic pump stations, which have problems such as high-pressure loss, oil leakage, and response lag. Moreover, the system is complex and occupies a large area. A failure in a certain link may cause the entire row of supports to be paralyzed.

[0004] Furthermore, while energy harvesting technologies currently exist, they are highly dependent on vibration sources, requiring mechanical vibrations of a specific frequency to function effectively. This results in unstable energy extraction efficiency. Energy conversion materials are also susceptible to fatigue and aging in harsh environments, resulting in high maintenance costs. Therefore, a technical solution is urgently needed that can efficiently recover roof pressure energy, reduce reliance on external energy sources, and improve system stability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a top plate pressure energy recovery and application system based on a hydraulic support, including a hydraulic support top beam, a hydraulic energy conversion system and a piezoelectric energy conversion system. The hydraulic support is provided with a push jack, and the hydraulic support top beam includes a top beam top plate and a top beam side plate. A retractable connecting device is provided between the top beam top plate and the top beam side plates, and a spring damper is provided inside the connecting device, so that the top beam top plate needs to be subjected to greater pressure from the top plate rock layer before it can drop, thereby increasing safety during the energy conversion process.

[0006] The hydraulic energy conversion system is arranged inside the top beam of the hydraulic support. The hydraulic energy conversion system includes a hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic motor, a generator, a power storage device, an accumulator and a hydraulic oil pipe. The top end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is in contact with the top plate of the top beam. A return spring is provided in the piston chamber of the hydraulic cylinder. An oil outlet pipe and an oil return pipe are connected between the hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic motor. The output shaft of the hydraulic motor is connected to the input shaft of the generator through a coupling. The generator is electrically connected to the power storage device. The accumulator is connected to the return oil pipe of the hydraulic cylinder and the push jack through hydraulic oil pipes.

[0007] The piezoelectric energy conversion system is arranged inside the top beam plate. The piezoelectric energy conversion system includes a stacked piezoelectric layer and an elastic layer. Lead electrodes are provided at both ends of the piezoelectric layer, and the lead electrodes are electrically connected to the power storage device through wires.

[0008] Optionally, the roof pressure energy recovery application system based on the hydraulic support is also provided with a lighting device and a gas monitoring device, both of which are electrically connected to the power storage device, and are arranged near the hydraulic support.

[0009] Specifically, the lighting system utilizes LED lighting fixtures suitable for underground coal mine environments, such as the DGS50 / 127L or Rongchuang mining LED tunnel lights. These are explosion-proof, waterproof, and dustproof, ensuring safe operation in harsh environments. The power and light intensity of the lamps should be selected based on the specific lighting requirements of the coal mining face to ensure sufficient brightness. Lighting fixtures are installed at the front and rear of the hydraulic support base and electrically connected to a power storage device, forming an independent lighting circuit that illuminates the support base and surrounding areas. The gas monitoring device utilizes a fixed optical methane monitoring instrument, installed in a suitable location near the hydraulic support, such as under the side guard or roof beam floor, to ensure accurate monitoring of surrounding gas concentrations without affecting the normal operation of the hydraulic support. The optical methane monitoring instrument is electrically connected to the power storage device. When the hydraulic support is generating sufficient power, it powers the optical methane monitoring instrument and stores the excess power in the monitoring instrument's internal energy storage battery. When power generation is insufficient, the instrument automatically switches to energy storage battery power mode, ensuring uninterrupted monitoring of gas concentrations.

[0010] Optionally, the oil outlet of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the oil inlet of the hydraulic motor via an oil outlet pipe, and the oil inlet of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the oil outlet of the hydraulic motor via an oil return pipe.

[0011] Optionally, both the oil outlet pipeline and the oil return pipeline are provided with high-precision one-way valve groups.

[0012] Specifically, it can ensure that the one-way valve group can open quickly when the hydraulic cylinder is working, providing a smooth oil channel. When the hydraulic oil returns, the one-way valve group closes to avoid oil reflux loss.

[0013] Optionally, an anti-corrosion coating, such as polyurethane, is sprayed inside the top plate of the top beam, and the piezoelectric layer is fixedly connected to the top plate of the top beam by a high-strength adhesive, which can enhance the bonding force between the piezoelectric layer and the top plate of the top beam. The lead-out electrode wires are made of high-strength, highly wear-resistant insulated wires, and the joints of the insulated wires are sealed with sealing materials to prevent the intrusion of dust during coal mining.

[0014] Optionally, the piezoelectric layer is made of PZT-5h lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric film material, and the elastic layer is made of stainless steel material.

[0015] Optionally, the accumulator is arranged near the oil return pipe of the hydraulic cylinder, and a pressure relief valve is provided on the hydraulic oil pipe between the accumulator and the push jack.

[0016] Optionally, an electromagnetic induction energy conversion module is integrated inside the connecting device, and the electromagnetic induction energy conversion module includes a permanent magnet slider and an induction coil assembly. The permanent magnet slider is installed on the upper part of the connecting device (that is, on the movable part of the connecting device), and can produce longitudinal displacement as the top plate applies downward pressure; the induction coil assembly is arranged in the middle or lower part of the connecting device and is located in the internal cavity of the connecting device. The induction coil assembly is electrically connected to the power storage device; the upward and downward extension of the connecting device can control the reciprocating motion of the permanent magnet slider. Under the action of external force, the permanent magnet slider passes through the coil area, the magnetic flux changes, an induced current is generated in the coil, and the electrical energy is stored in the power storage device.

[0017] Specifically, the electromagnetic induction energy conversion module is encapsulated in an integrated impact-resistant shell and embedded in a retractable connection device between the top beam plate and the top beam side plates of the hydraulic support. It does not affect the original hydraulic or piezoelectric energy conversion structure and serves as a supplementary power generation unit.

[0018] Optionally, a voltage stabilizing and filtering circuit is provided at the output end of the induction coil assembly, and the voltage stabilizing and filtering circuit is used to convert the alternating current generated by the induction coil into direct current and transmit the direct current to the power storage device.

[0019] The present invention also includes other components that enable the normal use of a roof pressure energy recovery and application system based on a hydraulic support, all of which are conventional technical means in the art. In addition, devices or components not limited in the present invention all adopt conventional technical means in the art.

[0020] The working principle of the present invention is that by deploying a hydraulic energy conversion system, a piezoelectric energy conversion system, and an electromagnetic induction energy conversion module within the hydraulic support's top beam structure, as the pressure of the roof rock gradually increases, the hydraulic cylinder in the hydraulic energy conversion system undergoes piston motion. The resulting high-pressure fluid flows through a pipe into a hydraulic motor. The hydraulic motor contains components such as gears and blades, which rotate under the pressure of the hydraulic oil, converting hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. The output shaft of the hydraulic motor is connected to the input shaft of a generator. When the hydraulic motor rotates, it drives the generator to rotate as well. The generator operates based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When the generator's rotor (usually a rotor with coils) rotates in the magnetic field of the stator, the conductors in the coils cut through the magnetic flux lines, generating an electromotive force in the conductors. This electromotive force drives current through an external circuit, and the generated electrical energy is stored in an energy storage device such as a battery. At the same time, an accumulator is arranged near the hydraulic support and connected to the hydraulic energy conversion system at the top plate, which is used to collect and store excess hydraulic energy in the hydraulic energy conversion system, and is connected to the push jack of the hydraulic support. When the hydraulic support needs to retract and move forward, the accumulator releases hydraulic energy, causing the hydraulic cylinder to work and push the hydraulic support forward.

[0021] The collected and converted electrical energy is directly applied to lighting tools installed near the hydraulic supports. The energy storage device is electrically connected to the lighting fixtures to ensure a stable supply of electricity. The lighting fixtures are explosion-proof, waterproof, and dustproof, adapting to the harsh environment of underground coal mines. Fixed gas monitoring equipment (optical methane monitoring instruments) is installed near the hydraulic supports. The methane concentration is determined by measuring changes in light intensity and the data is transmitted to the monitoring center. The roof rock pressure experienced by the hydraulic supports is converted into usable electrical energy to power the optical methane monitoring instruments. This self-powered method reduces reliance on traditional power sources and improves the stability and reliability of the gas monitoring system.

[0022] The present invention optimizes the structure of the hydraulic support top beam. By integrating a hydraulic-piezoelectric pressure energy conversion system and an electromagnetic induction energy conversion module, it collects the mechanical energy released by the periodic fracture of the roof rock during the mining process in real time and efficiently converts it into usable electrical energy and hydraulic energy. The converted electrical energy is used for lighting equipment and gas monitoring equipment used in the coal mining process. The converted excess hydraulic energy is stored in an energy storage unit and used to drive the hydraulic support's push jack to achieve forward movement of the hydraulic support. During operation, the entire system can complete key functions such as lighting, monitoring, and support forward movement without relying on external hydraulic pump stations or cables for power supply. This creates a closed-loop hydraulic support system that improves the energy independence of underground coal mining equipment.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] (1) The traditional hydraulic support top beam structure is modified. A retractable connecting device is set between the top beam top plate and the top beam side plate so that the top beam top plate can move up and down. In order to prevent the excessive pressure of the top plate rock layer caused by the mining of the coal seam during the coal mining process from damaging the raised top beam top plate, a spring damper is added to the connecting device. The spring damper is a device that provides movement resistance and reduces movement energy. The addition of the damper can absorb part of the impact energy to slow down the large pressure exerted on the top beam top plate when the top plate rock layer falls, thereby increasing safety during use and improving the stability and reliability of the entire system. At the same time, a specially customized high-performance hydraulic cylinder is installed in the internal space of the top beam. Its piston area and stroke are calculated to meet the support force requirements of the top beam under different coal mining working conditions. High-precision one-way valve groups are installed in the oil inlet and return lines of the hydraulic cylinder respectively to ensure that the one-way valve group can open quickly when the hydraulic cylinder is working, providing a smooth oil channel. When the hydraulic oil returns, the one-way valve group is closed to avoid oil reflux loss. In addition, the hydraulic energy conversion system also uses advanced hydraulic pumps and load-sensitive valve groups, which can accurately adjust the supply and pressure of hydraulic oil according to the actual load requirements of the top beam, effectively reducing pressure fluctuations and overflow losses in the system.

[0025] (2) The rock pressure of the roof is collected and converted into hydraulic energy through the hydraulic energy conversion system, and an accumulator is arranged in the hydraulic energy conversion system. Its installation position is close to the hydraulic cylinder return oil line, which can absorb and store excess hydraulic energy during the hydraulic oil return phase. When the hydraulic cylinder needs additional power, the accumulator releases the stored energy to assist the hydraulic pump in providing power. At the same time, it is connected to the push jack of the hydraulic support. When the hydraulic support needs to retract and move forward, the release valve of the accumulator is controlled to open, so that the hydraulic support push jack can work and push the hydraulic support forward. According to the pressure and flow output range of the hydraulic energy conversion system, a high-efficiency hydraulic motor is connected in series in the hydraulic circuit, and its output shaft is connected to the installed generator. The hydraulic oil drives the hydraulic motor to rotate, which in turn drives the generator to generate electricity, converting the hydraulic energy into electrical energy and storing it. In this way, energy can be released when needed to push the hydraulic support forward, reducing dependence on external energy sources. The release amount of the accumulator and the start-up of the hydraulic support push jack can be flexibly adjusted according to actual conditions to better meet the needs of different working conditions. In addition, the system occupies a small space and is more adaptable to narrow or compactly arranged coal mining faces.

[0026] (3) In the contact area between the top plate of the top beam and the top plate rock layer, a piezoelectric material film is laid. The selected piezoelectric material is PZT-5h lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric film material, which has high charge output, high electromechanical coupling coefficient and good high temperature resistance. A high-strength adhesive is applied to the inside of the top plate of the top beam and a layer of piezoelectric material film is laid on it as a piezoelectric layer. An elastic layer is laid under the piezoelectric layer. The selected material is stainless steel. The piezoelectric material is laid under the elastic layer and fits tightly with the inside of the top plate of the top beam, ensuring the perfect fit between the piezoelectric material and the shape of the top plate of the top beam. Electrodes are drawn out at both ends of the piezoelectric material and connected to the energy storage device through flexible wires. This design not only improves the power generation efficiency of the piezoelectric material, but also maintains its stability and durability in harsh environments such as coal dust, humidity, and high voltage, and can be used for long-term power generation.

[0027] (4) An electromagnetic induction energy conversion module is integrated into the connecting device, wherein a permanent magnet slider is mounted on the movable part of the connecting device, and a coil is fixed in the relatively static structure of the top beam side plate. When the top plate is pressed down, causing the top beam top plate to move downward, the permanent magnet slider passes through the coil area axially under the action of external force, causing the magnetic flux to change rapidly over time. According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, an induced electromotive force is generated in the induction coil. The AC signal output by the coil is processed and converted into stable DC power, which is finally stored in the connected power storage device.

[0028] (5) Arrange lighting devices and fixed optical methane monitoring instruments outside the bottom plate of the hydraulic support top beam or near the hydraulic support, connect the two devices to the power storage device at the bottom of the hydraulic support top beam, and directly apply the electric energy converted by the hydraulic-piezoelectric dual system to the lighting tools and gas monitoring tools to form an independent power supply system.

[0029] Specifically, for lighting fixtures, this system overcomes the shortcomings of traditional lighting systems, which rely on ground-based or underground substations for power supply, requiring long-distance transmission and multiple conversions, resulting in certain energy losses. The energy converted by this system can be directly used in lighting fixtures, eliminating the need for long-distance transmission and conversion, improving energy efficiency, and reducing cable laying and maintenance costs. It provides a relatively independent power supply facility, reducing dependence on the external power grid. Even in the event of a fault, the energy collected by this system can still maintain the basic operation of the lighting system.

[0030] For gas monitoring equipment, the self-powered mode solves monitoring interruptions caused by battery depletion or utility power failure, reducing reliance on traditional batteries. This not only saves battery procurement costs but also reduces the risk of data loss due to untimely battery replacement, ensuring the continuity of gas monitoring and improving the safety of underground coal mine operations. Installing gas monitoring instruments on hydraulic supports allows for closer proximity to gas release sources, enabling more timely and accurate monitoring of even the smallest changes in gas concentration. Rapid increases in gas concentration can be captured immediately. Hydraulic supports operate dynamically during the coal mining process. As the shearer advances, the hydraulic supports continuously move and adjust, and the gas monitoring instruments follow suit, enabling real-time dynamic monitoring of gas concentrations at different locations.

[0031] (6) This method uses a variety of pressure collection and conversion devices, lays a laminated piezoelectric material in the top beam and top plate area, adds a hydraulic energy conversion system to the hydraulic support top beam structure, and adds an electromagnetic induction energy conversion module to the connecting device, thereby broadening the channels for energy conversion. This allows the mechanical pressure energy that was originally difficult to utilize to be effectively collected. Through the synergistic effect of various methods such as hydraulic energy recovery, piezoelectric energy recovery, and electromagnetic induction energy conversion, the various pressure energies generated in the coal mining process can be recovered more comprehensively and efficiently, and converted into valuable electrical energy to the greatest extent, thereby significantly improving the energy utilization efficiency of the entire coal mining process, conforming to the concept of green mining, and having obvious energy-saving advantages. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0033] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the hydraulic support of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the top beam of the hydraulic support of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the hydraulic energy conversion system of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the connecting device in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the energy conversion process in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the connecting device in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0039] In the figure: 1. roof rock layer, 2. hydraulic support top beam, 201. top beam side plate, 202. top beam top plate, 3. piezoelectric layer, 4. elastic layer, 5. connecting device, 501. spring damper, 6. hydraulic oil pipe, 7. hydraulic cylinder, 701. piston rod, 702. piston, 703. return spring, 704. piston chamber, 705. oil outlet pipe, 706. oil return pipe, 8. hydraulic motor, 9. generator, 10. power storage device, 11. lighting device, 12. gas monitoring device, 13. accumulator, 14. push jack, 15. coupling, 16. wire, 18. permanent magnet slider, 19. induction coil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments of the present invention. The description herein is only used to explain the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made by those skilled in the art without creative work based on all other embodiments obtained in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] like Figure 1-5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a roof pressure energy recovery application system based on a hydraulic support, including a hydraulic support top beam 2, a hydraulic energy conversion system, a piezoelectric energy conversion system, a lighting device 11 and a gas monitoring device 12. The hydraulic support is provided with a push jack 14, and the hydraulic support top beam includes a top beam top plate 202 and a top beam side plate 201. A retractable connecting device 5 is provided between the top beam top plate and the top beam side plates, and a spring damper 501 is provided inside the connecting device, so that the top beam top plate needs to be subjected to a greater pressure from the roof rock layer 1 before it can drop, thereby increasing the safety during the energy conversion process.

[0043] The hydraulic energy conversion system is arranged inside the top beam of the hydraulic support. The hydraulic energy conversion system includes a hydraulic cylinder 7, a hydraulic motor 8, a generator 9, an electrical storage device 10, an accumulator 13 and a hydraulic oil pipe 6. The top of the piston rod 701 of the hydraulic cylinder is in contact with the top plate of the top beam. A return spring 703 is provided in the piston chamber 704 of the hydraulic cylinder. The oil outlet of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the oil inlet of the hydraulic motor through an oil outlet pipe 705. The oil inlet of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the oil outlet of the hydraulic motor through an oil return pipe 706, and both the oil outlet pipe and the oil return pipe are provided with A high-precision one-way valve group is installed to ensure that the one-way valve group can open quickly when the hydraulic cylinder is working, providing a smooth oil channel. When the hydraulic oil returns, the one-way valve group is closed to avoid oil reflux loss; the output shaft of the hydraulic motor is connected to the input shaft of the generator through a coupling 15, and the generator is electrically connected to the power storage device; the accumulator is arranged near the return oil pipeline of the hydraulic cylinder, and the accumulator is connected to the return oil pipeline of the hydraulic cylinder and the push jack through hydraulic oil pipes. A pressure release valve is provided on the hydraulic oil pipe between the accumulator and the push jack.

[0044] The piezoelectric energy conversion system is arranged inside the top plate of the top beam. The piezoelectric energy conversion system includes a stacked piezoelectric layer 3 and an elastic layer 4. Lead electrodes are provided at both ends of the piezoelectric layer, and the lead electrodes are electrically connected to the power storage device through a wire 16. The piezoelectric layer adopts PZT-5h lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric film material, and the elastic layer adopts stainless steel material. In addition, an anti-corrosion coating such as polyurethane is sprayed inside the top plate of the top beam. The piezoelectric layer is fixedly connected to the top plate of the top beam by a high-strength adhesive, which can enhance the bonding force between the piezoelectric layer and the top plate of the top beam. The lead wire of the lead electrode adopts a high-strength, highly wear-resistant insulated wire, and the connection of the insulated wire is sealed with a sealing material to prevent the intrusion of dust during the coal mining process.

[0045] The lighting device and the gas monitoring device are both electrically connected to the power storage device, and the lighting device and the gas monitoring device are both arranged near the hydraulic support.

[0046] Understandably, the lighting system utilizes LED lighting fixtures suitable for underground coal mine environments, such as the DGS50 / 127L or Rongchuang mining LED tunnel lights. These are explosion-proof, waterproof, and dustproof, ensuring safe operation in harsh environments. The power and light intensity of the lamps should be selected based on the specific lighting requirements of the coal mining face to ensure sufficient brightness. Lighting fixtures are installed at the front and rear of the hydraulic support base and electrically connected to a power storage device, forming an independent lighting circuit to illuminate the support base and surrounding area. The gas monitoring device utilizes a fixed optical methane monitoring instrument, installed in a suitable location near the hydraulic support, such as under the side guard or roof beam floor, to ensure accurate monitoring of surrounding gas concentrations without affecting the normal operation of the hydraulic support. The optical methane monitoring instrument is electrically connected to the power storage device. When the hydraulic support is generating sufficient power, it powers the optical methane monitoring instrument and stores the excess power in the monitoring instrument's internal energy storage battery. When power generation is insufficient, the instrument automatically switches to energy storage battery power mode, ensuring uninterrupted monitoring of gas concentrations.

[0047] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0048] As coal seam mining progresses, the hydraulic support needs to retract and move forward, and the top beam of the hydraulic support moves up to contact the roof rock. In its original state, the compression of the return spring in the hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic energy conversion system is at its minimum value. As coal seam mining progresses, the pressure exerted by the roof rock gradually increases. After the top beam plate is subjected to pressure, it moves horizontally downward, and the piston rod in contact with the top beam plate is forced downward.

[0049] As the piston rod moves downward, the return spring gradually compresses, pressurizing the hydraulic oil in the piston chamber. The oil then flows out through the hydraulic cylinder's outlet pipe. The hydraulic motor's oil inlet receives the high-pressure oil from the cylinder, providing energy for the motor. The flow rate and pressure of the oil determine the motor's output speed. Once the hydraulic oil enters the motor, it rotates the mechanical components within it, converting hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. A generator, mounted on the top beam, is connected to the motor's output shaft via a coupling. The mechanical components within the motor transmit this converted mechanical energy to the generator through the output shaft, driving it. The rotation of the hydraulic motor drives the generator, generating electricity, which is then stored in a storage device. An accumulator integrated into the hydraulic energy conversion system absorbs and stores excess hydraulic energy in real time, releasing it when the hydraulic support needs to move forward.

[0050] As the top plate of the hydraulic support's top beam moves downward, the spring damper absorbs and mitigates the impact force generated by the top plate when it is subjected to pressure from the top rock formation. Through the buffering effect of the spring damper, the hydraulic support can smoothly move up and down amidst changes in the top rock formation pressure, ensuring that the system will not become unstable due to excessive or insufficient impact force, thus avoiding the risk of equipment damage. After the top plate of the hydraulic support's top beam contracts and moves downward, it perfectly integrates with the hydraulic support's top beam. At this point, the connection device is completely retracted, and the top plate of the top beam is no longer under force to move downward. The piezoelectric energy conversion system laid in the top plate of the hydraulic support's top beam contacts the top rock formation, and the pressure of the top rock formation is transmitted to the piezoelectric material through the top beam. The piezoelectric material generates charges when under pressure, and these charges are output through electrode leads. The converted electrical energy is stored in the power storage device.

[0051] Every time a part of the coal seam is mined, the hydraulic support needs to retract and move forward to ensure that the coal mining working face is always in a safe space. During the retraction process of the hydraulic support, the top plate of the top beam is separated from the top rock layer. After the pressure on the top plate disappears, the piston rod is pushed upward under the action of the reset spring in the hydraulic chamber. The top end of the piston rod contacts the top plate of the top beam and causes the top plate of the top beam to move up. Under the action of the connecting device between the top plate of the top beam and the side plates of the top beam, the entire system is finally restored to its initial position.

[0052] Lighting fixtures are installed near the hydraulic supports and electrically connected to the power storage device. The collected electricity is directly applied to the lighting device to form an independent power supply system, achieving a closed loop of coal mining-energy conversion-lighting system power supply.

[0053] A fixed optical methane monitoring instrument is installed on the hydraulic support's side guard or under the top beam, equipped with a battery of appropriate capacity. Bolts are used for mounting to ensure the instrument's stability during coal mining. The instrument is electrically connected to a power storage device. When power generation exceeds the instrument's power consumption, the excess energy is stored in the device. When power generation is insufficient, the device provides stable power to the instrument.

[0054] After the shearer completes a certain amount of coal seam cutting, the hydraulic support needs to be retracted and moved forward to maintain safe working face clearance and support stability. At this point, the pressure relief valve between the accumulator and the push jack is opened. The accumulator releases its stored high-pressure hydraulic oil, which flows into the push jack's hydraulic cylinder, pushing the piston to move, thereby driving the hydraulic support to move smoothly along guide devices such as scraper conveyors.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] Combine Figure 6As shown, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that: the interior of the connecting device is further integrated with an electromagnetic induction energy conversion module, the electromagnetic induction energy conversion module includes a permanent magnet slider 18 and an induction coil assembly 19, the permanent magnet slider is installed on the upper part of the connecting device and is connected to the top beam top plate (that is, on the movable part of the connecting device), and can generate longitudinal displacement as the top plate applies downward pressure; the induction coil assembly is arranged in the middle or lower part of the connecting device and is located in the internal cavity of the connecting device, the output end of the induction coil assembly is provided with a voltage stabilization and filtering circuit, and the induction coil assembly is connected to the top beam top plate. The over-voltage stabilization and filtering circuit is electrically connected to the power storage device; when the top plate of the top beam contacts the top rock layer, the connecting device is in a pressure-ready state and the coil is in a non-inductive state. As the coal seam advances, the pressure of the top rock layer gradually increases, and the pressure is transmitted to the top beam. The top plate of the top beam moves downward due to the pressure of the top rock layer, driving the permanent magnet slider to pass through the coil area axially. The movement of the permanent magnet slider causes the magnetic flux in the coil to change, generating an induced current in the coil. The voltage stabilization and filtering circuit converts the alternating current generated by the induction coil into direct current and transmits it to the power storage device, and stores the electrical energy in the power storage device.

[0057] It is understandable that the electromagnetic induction energy conversion module is encapsulated in an integrated impact-resistant shell and embedded in a retractable connection device between the top beam plate and the top beam side plate of the hydraulic support, without affecting the original hydraulic or piezoelectric energy conversion structure, and serves as a supplementary power generation unit.

[0058] While the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A roof pressure energy recovery and application system based on a hydraulic support, comprising a hydraulic support top beam, a hydraulic energy conversion system, and a piezoelectric energy conversion system. The hydraulic support is provided with a push jack, and is characterized by: The top beam of the hydraulic support includes a top beam top plate and a top beam side plate. A retractable connecting device is provided between the top beam top plate and the top beam side plate. A spring damper is provided inside the connecting device. The hydraulic energy conversion system is arranged inside the top beam of the hydraulic support. The hydraulic energy conversion system includes a hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic motor, a generator, an energy storage device, an accumulator and a hydraulic oil pipe. The top end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder contacts the top plate of the top beam. A return spring is provided in the piston chamber of the hydraulic cylinder. An oil outlet pipe and an oil return pipe are connected between the hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic motor. The output shaft of the hydraulic motor is connected to the input shaft of the generator. The generator is electrically connected to the energy storage device. The accumulator is connected to the oil return pipe of the hydraulic cylinder and the push jack respectively through the hydraulic oil pipe. The piezoelectric energy conversion system is arranged inside the top beam plate. The piezoelectric energy conversion system includes a stacked piezoelectric layer and an elastic layer. Lead electrodes are provided at both ends of the piezoelectric layer, and the lead electrodes are electrically connected to the power storage device through wires.

2. The roof pressure energy recovery and application system based on the hydraulic support according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A lighting device and a gas monitoring device are also provided. Both the lighting device and the gas monitoring device are electrically connected to the power storage device, and both the lighting device and the gas monitoring device are arranged near the hydraulic support.

3. The roof pressure energy recovery and application system based on hydraulic support according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The oil outlet of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the oil inlet of the hydraulic motor through an oil outlet pipe, and the oil inlet of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the oil outlet of the hydraulic motor through an oil return pipe.

4. The roof pressure energy recovery and application system based on hydraulic support according to claim 1 is characterized in that: High-precision one-way valve groups are installed on the oil outlet pipeline and the oil return pipeline.

5. The roof pressure energy recovery and application system based on hydraulic support according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An anti-corrosion coating is sprayed inside the top plate of the top beam, and the piezoelectric layer is fixedly connected to the top plate of the top beam by a high-strength adhesive. The wires leading to the electrodes are made of high-strength, highly wear-resistant insulated wires, and the joints of the insulated wires are sealed with sealing materials.

6. The roof pressure energy recovery and application system based on hydraulic support according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The piezoelectric layer adopts PZT-5h lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric film material, and the elastic layer adopts stainless steel material.

7. The roof pressure energy recovery and application system based on hydraulic support according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The accumulator is arranged near the return oil pipeline of the hydraulic cylinder, and a pressure relief valve is provided on the hydraulic oil pipe between the accumulator and the push jack.

8. The roof pressure energy recovery and application system based on hydraulic support according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An electromagnetic induction energy conversion module is integrated inside the connecting device. The electromagnetic induction energy conversion module includes a permanent magnet slider and an induction coil assembly. The permanent magnet slider is installed on the upper part of the connecting device, and the induction coil assembly is arranged in the middle or lower part of the connecting device. The induction coil assembly is electrically connected to the power storage device.

9. The roof pressure energy recovery and utilization system based on the hydraulic support according to claim 8, characterized in that: The output end of the induction coil assembly is provided with a voltage stabilizing and filtering circuit, which is used to convert the AC signal generated by the induction coil into DC power and transmit it to the power storage device.

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