PV / T heat pump and biomass complementary cold, heat, electricity, gas and fertilizer multi-combined supply system

Abstract

The invention discloses a PV / T heat pump and biomass complementary cold, heat, electricity, gas and fertilizer multi-combined supply system which takes solar energy, biomass energy and air energy as input and outputs various energy forms such as cold, heat, electricity, gas and fertilizer. By innovatively integrating PV / T, a double-heat-source heat pump, biomass direct-fired boiler heat supply, biomass biogas combined heat and power generation and waste heat recycling technologies, efficient complementation and cooperative operation of multiple energy forms are achieved. The system can dynamically deploy operation modes according to real-time environment conditions and energy consumption requirements, can stably and efficiently output required energy under different working conditions, and solves the problems of intermittency and instability of existing energy supply. Besides, the system has flexible configuration capability, suitable photovoltaic cell materials, heat pump types, fermentation processes and heat exchanger forms can be selected according to resource endowment and user requirements of different regions, the energy utilization efficiency and the system performance are further optimized, and a sustainable and efficient energy utilization scheme is provided for novel rural communities or rural residential areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of renewable energy and energy conservation and emission reduction, and in particular is a solar energy and biomass complementary cold, heat, electricity and fertilizer multi-generation system. Background Art

[0002] As clean, renewable energy sources, the efficient and low-cost utilization of solar energy and biomass has significant value and significance for global economic and social development and climate change response. However, most renewable energy systems rely on a single energy source, such as solar, biomass, or wind power, and the stability of their energy supply is significantly affected by numerous factors, including geography, climate, and season. These factors collectively make it difficult for these systems to consistently, stably, and reliably meet the diverse energy needs of users, limiting the widespread adoption and application of distributed energy systems in a wider range of scenarios.

[0003] Chinese invention patent 202510224786.3 discloses a solar-based, multi-energy complementary building energy supply system. This system utilizes multiple energy sources, including solar photovoltaics and wind power, to simultaneously provide users with cooling, heating, and electricity. This clean and efficient energy supply can generate significant economic benefits. However, the intermittent and unstable supply of wind and solar energy limits the system's regional adaptability and reliability, restricting its application in different regions. Chinese invention patent 202510085842.X discloses a hydrogen-based, combined power, cooling, and heat supply system and method. This system uses hydrogen as its primary input and utilizes waste heat generated by hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen internal combustion engines to achieve integrated heating, cooling, and electricity supply, achieving efficient cascaded energy utilization and multi-energy supply. However, this system suffers from high hydrogen production costs and limited regional adaptability. Chinese invention patent 202420135145.1 discloses a geothermal and multi-energy complementary energy supply system based on phase change energy storage. This system, based on a geothermal and multi-energy complementary energy supply system based on phase change energy storage, achieves efficient utilization and stable supply of energy by integrating multiple energy sources and intelligent control technologies. It has high innovation and application value, but there are still problems with regional adaptability and intermittent energy supply. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the regional adaptability and intermittent energy supply issues of existing combined energy systems by providing a continuous, stable, and environmentally friendly combined heating, cooling, and electricity system using a PV / T heat pump and biomass-based combined heat and power (CHP) system. This system utilizes solar energy (PV / T subsystem), biomass energy (biomass direct-fired boiler heating subsystem and biomass biogas combined heat and power subsystem), and air energy (dual-source heat pump subsystem), combined with waste heat recovery and thermal storage technologies, to achieve efficient energy utilization and a stable supply.

[0005] To achieve its purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A combined heating, cooling, and electricity fertilizer supply system using a PV / T heat pump and biomass as complementary components, comprising a PV / T module and an anaerobic fermentation tank, wherein the fermentation raw material of the anaerobic fermentation tank is biomass; the combined supply system also includes a dual-heat source heat pump, a biomass direct-fired boiler, and a biogas generator set; The PV / T assembly is electrically connected to the inverter-controlled integrated circuit for directly supplying power to users. The PV / T assembly is also connected to the first hot water storage tank via a first valve, a first circulating water pump, and a second valve. The first hot water storage tank is connected to the dual-heat source heat pump via a fourth valve, a fifth valve, and a second circulating water pump. The dual-heat source heat pump provides heating or cooling to users via a sixth valve. The first hot water storage tank is also connected to the first flue gas-to-water heat exchanger via a second valve, a third circulating water pump, and a seventh valve for providing heat to the first flue gas-to-water heat exchanger. The biomass direct-fired boiler is connected to the economizer, the economizer flue gas outlet is connected to the dust collector flue gas inlet, and the economizer water inlet is connected to an external water source; the dust collector flue gas outlet is connected to the first heat storage tank via the first flue gas-water heat exchanger and the third valve, for storing waste heat from the biomass direct-fired boiler flue gas; the biomass direct-fired boiler also directly provides heating to users through the fourth circulating water pump; The anaerobic fermentation tank discharge port directly supplies fertilizer to the user, the feed port is connected to the slurry pump for feeding, the biogas outlet of the anaerobic fermentation tank is connected to the dehydration and desulfurization device through the tenth valve, the dehydration and desulfurization device is connected to the gas storage cabinet through the flame arrester, and the gas storage cabinet supplies gas to the user through the eleventh valve and the blower; The air inlet of the biogas generator set is connected to the eleventh valve, which is used to generate heat and power from the remaining biogas in the gas storage cabinet, and the generated electricity is used to supply power to users; the flue gas outlet of the biogas generator set is connected to the second hot water storage tank through the second flue gas-water heat exchanger via the ninth valve and the sixth circulating water pump, and the second hot water storage tank is connected to the anaerobic fermentation tank via the fifth circulating water pump and the eighth valve, which is used to recover heat for the anaerobic fermentation tank.

[0006] As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, a first temperature sensor is provided on the first heat storage tank, a second temperature sensor is provided on the biomass direct-fired boiler, and a third temperature sensor is provided on the anaerobic fermentation tank.

[0007] Furthermore, the anaerobic fermentation tank is provided with a first pressure sensor, and the gas storage cabinet is provided with a second pressure sensor.

[0008] Furthermore, the photovoltaic cell material of the PV / T module is selected from one or more combinations of monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon or perovskite.

[0009] Furthermore, the dual-source heat pump is selected from any one of a vapor compression dual-source heat pump, an absorption dual-source heat pump or an adsorption dual-source heat pump.

[0010] Furthermore, the anaerobic fermentation tank is a normal temperature fermentation tank, a medium temperature fermentation tank or a high temperature fermentation tank.

[0011] Furthermore, the flue gas-water heat exchanger is a shell and tube heat exchanger, a fin heat exchanger or a shell and tube heat exchanger.

[0012] This invention integrates photovoltaic and solar-thermal integration, thermal storage, biomass-biogas combined heat and power (CHP), biomass direct-fired heating, dual-source heat pumps, and flue gas waste heat recovery to develop a combined cooling, heating, electricity, and fertilizer system primarily powered by solar energy and biomass. The system consists of a PV / T subsystem, a biomass direct-fired boiler heating subsystem, a biomass-biogas CHP subsystem, a dual-source heat pump subsystem, and a waste heat recovery subsystem. Each subsystem is connected by pipes and lines to provide cooling, heating, electricity, gas, and fertilizer. Sensors installed on equipment and pipelines monitor system operation and environmental conditions in real time, and a control system controls the opening and closing of valves. In addition to the heat supplied to the outside by the biomass direct-fired boiler, the heat collected by the PV / T components and the heat recovered from the boiler flue gas are stored in the heat storage tank. When the temperature reaches the direct supply temperature, it can directly supply heat to the outside. When the temperature is lower than the direct supply temperature, it can be used as the heat source of the dual-source heat pump. This part of the heat is upgraded by the dual-source heat pump before supplying heat to the outside. At the same time, in summer, the dual-source heat pump can also supply cooling to the outside by starting the air source heat pump mode; after processing the biomass, the biogas cogeneration subsystem not only supplies biogas to the outside, but the remaining biogas is used for cogeneration of heat and power. This part of the heat is used to ensure the constant temperature operation of the anaerobic fermentation tank. This part of the electricity and the electricity generated by the PV / T components not only meet the internal electricity consumption of the system but also supply power to the outside. The complementary energy supply of solar energy and biomass solves the intermittent and unstable problems of single energy supply; the fermentation substrate of the biomass biogas cogeneration subsystem is returned to the field as biogas fertilizer after treatment. Therefore, by integrating multiple energy systems and waste heat recovery systems, the present invention ensures stable system operation under diverse environmental conditions, while simultaneously meeting users' diverse energy needs for cooling, heating, electricity, gas, and fertilizer. PV / T modules can utilize a variety of photovoltaic cell materials, including monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and perovskite; dual-source heat pumps can utilize vapor compression, absorption, and adsorption types; anaerobic fermenters can utilize various fermentation tank types, including normal temperature, medium temperature, and high temperature; and flue gas-to-water heat exchangers can utilize a variety of heat exchangers, including shell-and-tube, finned, and tube-and-tube types. Each of these can be flexibly configured according to actual needs, resulting in a highly adaptable system.

[0013] In summary, the present invention organically combines a variety of renewable energy technologies and waste heat recovery technologies through an innovative integration method, making full use of energy of different qualities, which not only improves energy utilization efficiency, but also enhances the stability and continuity of the system's energy supply, as well as its adaptability to many influencing factors such as region, climate, and season, reduces the system's input cost, and realizes the full and efficient utilization of energy resources and the protection of the ecological environment in the user's area, and can provide a sustainable energy supply solution for new rural communities or village and town residential areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the connection relationship between various devices in the combined heating, cooling, and electricity fertilizer supply system of the present invention with complementary PV / T heat pump and biomass; Reference numerals: 1, PV / T module; 2, first heat storage tank; 3, dual heat source heat pump; 4, inverter control integrated machine; 5, Material direct-fired boiler; 6. Economizer; 7. Dust collector; 8. First flue gas-to-water heat exchanger; 9. Second hot water storage tank; 10. Second flue gas-to-water heat exchanger; 11. Biogas generator set; 12. Anaerobic fermentation tank; 13. Dehydration and desulfurization device; 14. Gas storage cabinet; 15. Flame arrester; V-1 to V-11 are the first to eleventh valves respectively; P-1 to P-6 are the first to sixth circulating water pumps respectively; P-7 is a slurry pump; P-8 is a blower; T1 and T3 are the first and third temperature sensors respectively; P1 and P2 are the first and second pressure sensors respectively. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The connection relationship between the various devices and the system operation process of the PV / T heat pump and biomass complementary cold, heat, electricity and fertilizer multi-generation system of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0016] Reference Figure 1The present invention provides a combined cooling, heating, electricity and fertilizer supply system that complements a PV / T heat pump with biomass, including a PV / T component 1 and an anaerobic fermentation tank 12, wherein the fermentation raw material of the anaerobic fermentation tank 12 is biomass; the combined supply system also includes a dual-heat source heat pump 3, a biomass direct-fired boiler 5 and a biogas generator set 11. The PV / T component 1 is electrically connected to the inverter control integrated machine 4 for directly supplying power to the user; the PV / T component 1 is also connected to the first hot water storage tank 2 through the first valve V-1, the first circulating water pump P-1 and the second valve V-2. The first hot water storage tank 2 is provided with a first temperature sensor T1. The first hot water storage tank 2 is connected to the dual-heat source heat pump 3 through the fourth valve V-4, the fifth valve V-5 and the second circulating water pump P-2. The dual-heat source heat pump 3 provides heating or cooling for the user through the sixth valve V-6; the first hot water storage tank 2 is also connected to the first flue gas water heat exchanger 8 through the second valve V-2, the third circulating water pump P-3 and the seventh valve V-7 for providing heat to the first flue gas water heat exchanger 8. The biomass direct-fired boiler 5 is provided with a second temperature sensor T2, the biomass direct-fired boiler 5 is connected to the economizer 6, the flue gas outlet of the economizer 6 is connected to the flue gas inlet of the dust collector 7, and the water inlet of the economizer 6 is connected to the external water source; the flue gas outlet of the dust collector 7 is connected to the first heat storage tank 2 via the first flue gas-water heat exchanger 8 and the third valve V-3, which is used to store the waste heat of the flue gas of the biomass direct-fired boiler 5; the biomass direct-fired boiler 5 also directly provides heating for users through the fourth circulating water pump P-4. The anaerobic fermentation tank 12 is provided with a third temperature sensor T3 and a first pressure sensor P1. The discharge port of the anaerobic fermentation tank 12 directly supplies fertilizer to the user, and the feed port is connected to the slurry pump P-7 for feeding. The biogas outlet of the anaerobic fermentation tank 12 is connected to the dehydration and desulfurization device 13 through the tenth valve V-10, and the dehydration and desulfurization device 13 is connected to the gas storage cabinet 14 through the flame arrester 15. The gas storage cabinet 14 is provided with a second pressure sensor P2, and the gas storage cabinet 14 supplies gas to the user through the eleventh valve V-11 and the blower P-8. The air inlet of the biogas generator set 11 is connected to the eleventh valve V-11, which is used to generate heat and power from the remaining biogas in the gas storage cabinet 14, and the generated electricity is used to supply power to users; the flue gas outlet of the biogas generator set 11 is connected to the second hot water storage tank 9 through the second flue gas-water heat exchanger 10 via the ninth valve V-9 and the sixth circulating water pump P-6, and the second hot water storage tank 9 is connected to the anaerobic fermentation tank 12 via the fifth circulating water pump P-5 and the eighth valve V-8, which is used to recover heat for the anaerobic fermentation tank 12.

[0017] Specifically, the photovoltaic cell material of the PV / T module 1 is selected from a combination of one or more of monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, or perovskite. The dual-source heat pump 3 is selected from any one of a vapor compression dual-source heat pump, an absorption dual-source heat pump, or an adsorption dual-source heat pump. The anaerobic fermentation tank 12 can be a normal temperature fermentation tank, a medium temperature fermentation tank, or a high temperature fermentation tank. The flue gas-to-water heat exchanger can be a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, a finned heat exchanger, or a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

[0018] The first heat storage tank 2 is of built-in coil type, and the coil outlet is connected to the condensing end inlet of the dual heat source heat pump 3 through the fourth valve V-4, and the coil inlet is connected to the condensing end outlet of the dual heat source heat pump 3 through the fifth valve V-5 and the second circulating water pump P-2.

[0019] The second heat storage tank 9 is of built-in coil type, and the coil inlet and outlet are connected to the flue gas water heat exchanger 10 through the sixth circulating water pump P-6 and the ninth valve V-9.

[0020] The third temperature sensor T3 and the first pressure sensor P1 are installed in the gas storage area at the top of the anaerobic fermentation tank 12. The various devices in the system are connected by pipes and lines to provide external cooling, heat, electricity, gas, and fertilizer. Sensors installed on the equipment and pipelines monitor system operation and environmental conditions in real time and control the opening and closing of various valves through the existing control system.

[0021] The present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments. The present invention utilizes biomass direct combustion heating technology, flue gas waste heat recovery technology, biomass biogas cogeneration technology, dual-source heat pump technology, photovoltaic and thermal integration technology, and thermal storage technology to integrate a system that can continuously and stably provide cold, hot, and electric fertilizers for new rural communities or village and town residential areas.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, in the combined power supply system of the present invention, the PV / T component 1, the first hot water storage tank 2, the dual-heat source heat pump 3, the inverter 4, the biomass direct-fired boiler 5, the economizer 6, the dust collector 7, the flue gas-water heat exchanger 8, the second hot water storage tank 9, the flue gas-water heat exchanger 10, the biogas generator set 11, the anaerobic fermentation tank 12, the dehydration and desulfurization device 13, and the gas storage cabinet 14 are arranged in a centralized and coordinated manner.

[0023] The heat energy converted from solar energy by the PV / T assembly 1 enters the first hot water tank 2 through the first valve V-1, the first circulating water pump P-1, and the second valve V-2. The water supply line is connected to the first hot water tank 2. A first temperature sensor T1 is installed on the first hot water tank 2 to monitor temperature changes within the first hot water tank 2. The first hot water tank 2 is connected to the dual-source heat pump 3 via the fifth valve V-5 and the second circulating water pump P-2. The first hot water tank 2 is connected to the user via the fourth valve V-4 and the sixth valve V-6. The dual-source heat pump 3 draws heat from the first hot water tank 2 and transmits it through the sixth valve V-6 to provide heating to the user, and can also provide cooling in the summer.

[0024] After the biomass fuel is burned in the biomass direct-fired boiler 5, it is heated for users through the fourth circulating water pump P-4. The biomass direct-fired boiler 5 is provided with a second temperature sensor T2 to monitor the temperature change in the biomass direct-fired boiler 5. The flue gas from the biomass direct-fired boiler is heated for heating return water through the economizer 6, and then enters the flue gas water heat exchanger 8 through the dust collector 7 for waste heat recovery and storage in the first heat storage tank 2. Finally, the low-temperature flue gas after waste heat recovery is discharged into the environment.

[0025] Biomass enters anaerobic fermentation tank 12 via slurry pump P-7 for anaerobic fermentation (normal temperature, medium temperature, high temperature, or a combination). Anaerobic fermentation tank 12 is equipped with a third temperature sensor T3 and a first pressure sensor P1 to monitor changes in temperature and pressure within the tank. Biogas produced by the tank enters dehydration and desulfurization unit 13 through valve V-10 for purification. After purification, the biogas passes through flame arrester 15 and enters gas storage tank 14 for daily consumption at the load end and cogeneration of heat and power by biogas generator 11. The biogas slurry and biogas residue mixture discharged from the reactor is discharged into a sedimentation tank and, after a period of aerobic treatment, is sent to the main irrigation canal for return to the fields. When the temperature within the anaerobic fermentation tank 12 falls below the required constant-temperature fermentation temperature, valve V-8 and circulating water pump P-5 are opened to increase the temperature of the tank.

[0026] Gas storage tank 14 is equipped with a second pressure sensor P2 to monitor pressure changes within the tank. Biogas within gas storage tank 14 is supplied to users for cooking via blower P-8 and then supplied to biogas generator set 11 via the ab side of valve V-11 for cogeneration of heat and power. Flue gas from biogas generator set 11 is cooled by flue gas-to-water heat exchanger 10 before being discharged into the atmosphere. Water in the second hot water storage tank 9 is sequentially passed through the sixth circulating water pump P-6, the ninth valve V-9, and the flue gas-to-water heat exchanger 10 to recover waste heat from the flue gas of biogas generator set 11.

[0027] The electricity generated by the PV / T component 1 is used to supply power to the load end together with the electricity generated by the biogas generator set 11 through the inverter control integrated machine 4. When the power generation of the PV / T component 1 and the biogas generator set 11 is greater than the total power load of the system (user power load and power consumption of system equipment operation), the system can sell electricity to the outside.

[0028] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several equivalent substitutions and improvements can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These equivalent substitutions and improvements should also be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined cooling, heating, electricity and fertilizer supply system with complementary PV / T heat pump and biomass, comprising a PV / T component (1) and an anaerobic fermentation tank (12), wherein the fermentation raw material of the anaerobic fermentation tank (12) is biomass, and characterized in that: The combined power supply system further comprises a dual-heat source heat pump (3), a biomass direct-fired boiler (5) and a biogas generator set (11); The PV / T assembly (1) is electrically connected to the inverter-controlled integrated machine (4) for directly supplying power to the user; the PV / T assembly (1) is also connected to the first heat storage tank (2) via the first valve (V-1), the first circulating water pump (P-1) and the second valve (V-2); the first heat storage tank (2) is connected to the dual-heat source heat pump (3) via the fourth valve (V-4), the fifth valve (V-5) and the second circulating water pump (P-2); the dual-heat source heat pump (3) provides heating or cooling to the user via the sixth valve (V-6); the first heat storage tank (2) is also connected to the first flue gas-water heat exchanger (8) via the second valve (V-2), the third circulating water pump (P-3) and the seventh valve (V-7) for providing heat to the first flue gas-water heat exchanger (8); The biomass direct-fired boiler (5) is connected to the economizer (6), the flue gas outlet of the economizer (6) is connected to the flue gas inlet of the dust collector (7), and the water inlet of the economizer (6) is connected to an external water source; the flue gas outlet of the dust collector (7) is connected to the first heat storage tank (2) via the first flue gas water heat exchanger (8) and the third valve (V-3), and is used to store the waste heat of the flue gas of the biomass direct-fired boiler (5); the biomass direct-fired boiler (5) also directly provides heating for users through the fourth circulating water pump (P-4); The discharge port of the anaerobic fermentation tank (12) directly supplies fertilizer to the user, and the feed port is connected to the slurry pump (P-7) for feeding. The biogas outlet of the anaerobic fermentation tank (12) is connected to the dehydration and desulfurization device (13) through the tenth valve (V-10), and the dehydration and desulfurization device (13) is connected to the gas storage cabinet (14) through the flame arrester (15). The gas storage cabinet (14) supplies gas to the user through the eleventh valve (V-11) and the blower (P-8); The air inlet of the biogas generator set (11) is connected to the eleventh valve (V-11) for cogeneration of heat and power from the remaining biogas in the gas storage cabinet (14), and the generated electricity is used to supply power to users; the flue gas outlet of the biogas generator set (11) is connected to the second hot water storage tank (9) through the second flue gas water heat exchanger (10) via the ninth valve (V-9) and the sixth circulating water pump (P-6); the second hot water storage tank (9) is connected to the anaerobic fermentation tank (12) via the fifth circulating water pump (P-5) and the eighth valve (V-8) for recovering heat for the anaerobic fermentation tank (12).

2. A PV / T heat pump and biomass complementary cold, heat, electricity and fertilizer combined supply system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The first heat storage tank (2) is provided with a first temperature sensor (T1), the biomass direct-fired boiler (5) is provided with a second temperature sensor (T2), and the anaerobic fermentation tank (12) is provided with a third temperature sensor (T3).

3. The PV / T heat pump and biomass complementary cold, heat, electricity and fertilizer combined supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anaerobic fermentation tank (12) is provided with a first pressure sensor (P1), and the gas storage cabinet (14) is provided with a second pressure sensor (P2).

4. A PV / T heat pump and biomass complementary cooling, heating, electricity and fertilizer combined supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The photovoltaic cell material of the PV / T assembly (1) is selected from a combination of one or more of monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon or perovskite.

5. A PV / T heat pump and biomass complementary cooling, heating, electricity and fertilizer combined supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The dual-heat-source heat pump (3) is selected from any one of a vapor compression dual-heat-source heat pump, an absorption dual-heat-source heat pump, and an adsorption dual-heat-source heat pump.

6. A PV / T heat pump and biomass complementary cooling, heating, electricity and fertilizer combined supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The anaerobic fermentation tank (12) is a normal temperature fermentation tank, a medium temperature fermentation tank or a high temperature fermentation tank.

7. A PV / T heat pump and biomass complementary cooling, heating, electricity and fertilizer combined supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The flue gas-water heat exchanger is a shell and tube heat exchanger, a fin heat exchanger or a shell and tube heat exchanger.

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