Calorimeter constant temperature power compensation system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a calorimeter constant-temperature power compensation system and method. The method comprises the following steps: S1, quantum superposition state temperature control initialization: preparing a quantum bit temperature control unit into a superposition state through laser cooling; s2, real-time temperature sensing and composite signal acquisition: the phase shift phi (delta T) of the quantum bit temperature control unit is caused by the temperature change delta T of the sample cavity, and after the phi (delta T) is measured and read, a classic temperature signal of the sample cavity is combined, and an accurate value of delta T is obtained through Kalman filtering fusion; s3, executing a multi-state cooperative control algorithm: judging and triggering two different compensation modes, namely a perturbation compensation mode or a power compensation mode, by a multi-state cooperative control module according to the size of the multi-state cooperative control algorithm; and S4, closed-loop feedback and parameter updating: updating the quantum state and the control parameters once every t period, and ensuring that the temperature of the sample cavity is stable for a long time within a target value range of + / -xnK. The constant-temperature power compensation system and method for the calorimeter are higher in stability, quicker in response and better in noise immunity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of constant temperature control of calorimeters, and in particular to a constant temperature power compensation system and method for a calorimeter. Background Art

[0002] Prior art calorimeter temperature control technology primarily relies on classical thermodynamic principles. Temperature signals are collected through sensors such as thermocouples and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), and then driven by a proportional-integral-differential (PID) control algorithm to stabilize the sample chamber temperature. A typical calorimeter temperature control system typically includes a temperature sensor for monitoring the sample chamber and ambient temperature, typically with an accuracy of ±0.1K to ±0.01K; a temperature control module, a feedback control system based on a PID algorithm that compensates for thermal fluctuations by adjusting the power of the heating wire or semiconductor cooler; and a thermal insulation structure using materials such as vacuum layers and aerogel to reduce external thermal interference.

[0003] The above typical temperature control system has the following defects:

[0004] 1. Insufficient stability: Classic sensors are affected by environmental noise (such as electromagnetic interference and mechanical vibration), and the temperature signal contains high-frequency noise, which limits the accuracy of power compensation and makes it difficult to achieve long-term stable control at the ±0.001K level.

[0005] 2. Slow response speed: The PID algorithm relies on iterative adjustment of historical data. The response delay to sudden heat changes (such as rapid heat release of the sample) is usually in the second level, which can easily cause temperature overshoot or undershoot.

[0006] 3. Unutilized quantum noise: In extremely low temperature or micro-caloric measurement scenarios, the thermal noise generated by quantum effects (such as zero-point vibration and tunneling effect) is not effectively suppressed, but instead becomes a source of measurement error. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention provides a calorimeter constant temperature power compensation system and method with greater stability, faster response and better noise immunity, which can solve at least one of the above technical problems.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] A calorimeter constant temperature power compensation system includes a sample chamber, a quantum superposition state temperature control module, a composite feedback sensor module, a multi-state collaborative control module and a power compensation execution module;

[0010] The quantum superposition state temperature control module includes a quantum bit temperature control unit, which senses the temperature change of the sample chamber through thermal coupling and outputs a quantum state superposition parameter;

[0011] The composite feedback sensor module includes a classical RTD sensor and a quantum sensor, wherein the classical RTD sensor and the quantum sensor synchronously collect the classical temperature signal and the quantum phase signal of the sample cavity and output a high-precision temperature feedback value;

[0012] The multi-state collaborative control module is synchronously connected to the quantum superposition state temperature control module and the composite feedback sensor module, and is used to receive and process quantum state superposition parameters and high-precision temperature feedback values, and generate control signals, which include quantum control signals and power compensation command signals;

[0013] The power compensation execution module is connected to the multi-state cooperative control module, includes a nano-level heating film and a pulsed cooling array, is used to receive and process control signals, and output nanowatt-level compensation power to the sample chamber.

[0014] Furthermore, the quantum bit temperature control unit has multiple units, which are weakly coupled to the sample cavity via nanoscale thermal conductivity bridges, and sense the temperature fluctuations of the sample cavity in real time based on the quantum state collapse effect. The output quantum state superposition parameters are temperature signals containing quantum coherence information.

[0015] Furthermore, the composite feedback sensor module fuses the classical temperature signal and the quantum phase signal based on a signal fusion algorithm to generate the high-precision temperature feedback value.

[0016] Furthermore, the polymorphic collaborative control module is based on a quantum-classical hybrid computing architecture, predicts the temperature fluctuation trend via a quantum algorithm, generates the control signal via a classical algorithm, and performs collaborative control of "quantum prediction + classical execution";

[0017] In the control signal, the quantum control signal is used to adjust the superposition state of the quantum bit temperature control unit to suppress thermal noise, and the power compensation instruction signal is used to drive the power compensation execution module to achieve nanowatt-level precision heat compensation.

[0018] Furthermore, in the power compensation execution module, the nanoscale heating film is adhered to the outer wall of the sample chamber, the pulse cooling array is connected via a micro heat pipe, and the nanoscale heating film or the pulse cooling array is driven by the power compensation command signal to dynamically compensate for heat with nanowatt-level accuracy.

[0019] A calorimeter constant temperature power compensation method is implemented using the calorimeter constant temperature power compensation system, comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1. Quantum superposition state temperature control initialization: The quantum bit temperature control unit is prepared to the superposition state through laser cooling;

[0021] S2. Real-time temperature sensing and composite signal acquisition: The temperature change ΔT of the sample chamber causes the phase shift of the quantum bit temperature control unit. Measurement reading Then, the precise value of ΔT is obtained by combining the classical temperature signal of the sample cavity with the Kalman filter. fusion ;

[0022] S3, multi-state cooperative control algorithm execution: the multi-state cooperative control module according to ΔT fusion The size of the compensation mode is used to determine and trigger two different compensation modes: perturbation compensation mode or power compensation mode.

[0023] S4. Closed-loop feedback and parameter update: The quantum state and control parameters are updated every t cycles to ensure that the temperature of the sample chamber is stable in the range of ±xnK of the target value for a long time.

[0024] Furthermore, in S1, the superposition state of the qubit temperature control unit is |ψ>=α|T0>+β|T1>, where ψ represents the state vector of the quantum system, α and β are superposition state coefficients, and |α| 2 +|β| 2 =1, T0 is the target temperature, T1 is the preset fluctuation threshold temperature.

[0025] Furthermore, in S2, the phase shift The temperature change ΔT is obtained indirectly by measuring the Rabi oscillation frequency change of the quantum bit temperature control unit, and the temperature signal of the sample cavity is obtained by synchronously collecting the temperature signal of the sample cavity through the classical RTD sensor. The relationship between the temperature change ΔT is expressed as:

[0026]

[0027] Where h is the reduced Planck constant and H(ΔT) is the Hamiltonian related to temperature change;

[0028] The quantum phase signal and the classical temperature signal are synchronously input into the Kalman filter algorithm for fusion;

[0029] The state equation of the Kalman filter is:

[0030] X k =AX k-1 +BU k +W k ;

[0031] The observation equation of Kalman filter is:

[0032] Z k =HX k +V k ;

[0033] Among them, X k is the state vector of the system at time k, which contains temperature information. A is the state transfer matrix, which describes the change of the system state over time. B is the control input matrix. U k is the control input, W k is the process noise, Z k is the observation vector, i.e. the sensor measurement value, H is the observation matrix, V k is the observation noise;

[0034] After the two types of signals are fused by the Kalman filter algorithm, the accurate value of ΔT is obtained. fusion .

[0035] Furthermore, in S3, when |ΔT fusion When |<10nK, the perturbation compensation mode is triggered, and only the superposition state parameters α and β of the quantum bit temperature control unit are adjusted, and the quantum coherence effect is used to offset the thermal noise;

[0036] When |ΔT fusion When |≥10nK, the power compensation mode is triggered to drive the nanoscale heating film or pulsed cooling array to output compensation power P, P = k·ΔT fusion , where k is the coupling coefficient of the quantum-classical hybrid computing architecture, determined via quantum calibration.

[0037] Furthermore, in S4, a closed-loop feedback system is formed by continuously repeating the processes of temperature sensing, signal fusion, control decision-making and compensation execution in S1 to S3;

[0038] Within one t cycle of closed-loop feedback, the superposition state parameters of the quantum bit temperature control unit, the coefficients of the classical algorithm, and the parameters of the quantum algorithm are dynamically adjusted according to the real-time measured temperature changes and compensation effects to ensure that the temperature of the sample chamber is stable in the long term within the range of the target value ±xnK.

[0039] The beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:

[0040] 1. Ultra-stability: Utilizing the coherence of quantum superposition states to suppress thermal noise, the temperature drift is reduced from ±100nK / h in the classical scheme to ±5nK / h, meeting the accuracy requirements of ultra-low temperature calorimeters.

[0041] 2. Ultrafast response: The quantum prediction algorithm shortens the response time from 1s to 1μs, eliminating the temperature overshoot problem. It is suitable for millisecond-level fast reaction thermal measurement, such as lithium battery lithium plating heat release detection;

[0042] 3. Noise immunity: Through quantum-classical signal fusion, non-thermal interference such as electromagnetic interference and vibration noise is suppressed, and the signal-to-noise ratio is increased by more than 10 times. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] The drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute improper limitations on the present application.

[0044] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the constant temperature power compensation system for a calorimeter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the physical connection relationship of the constant temperature power compensation system of the calorimeter according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 3 It is a schematic block diagram of the overall process of the constant temperature power compensation method for a calorimeter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 4 It is a structural block diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] The components in the accompanying drawings are marked as follows: 1. Sample chamber; 2. Quantum superposition temperature control module; 201. Quantum bit temperature control unit; 3. Composite feedback sensor module; 301. Classical RTD sensor; 302. Quantum sensor; 4. Multi-state collaborative control module; 5. Power compensation execution module; 501. Nanoscale heating film; 502. Pulsed refrigeration array. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] It should be noted that the meaning of "and / or" appearing throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes solution A, solution B, or solutions in which both A and B are satisfied. In addition, "multiple" refers to more than two. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in this field can implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0051] See also Figure 1-Figure 2 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a calorimeter constant temperature power compensation system, comprising a sample chamber 1, a quantum superposition state temperature control module 2, a composite feedback sensor module 3, a multi-state collaborative control module 4 and a power compensation execution module 5;

[0052] The quantum superposition state temperature control module 2 includes a quantum bit temperature control unit 201, which senses the temperature change of the sample chamber 1 through thermal coupling and outputs a quantum state superposition parameter;

[0053] The composite feedback sensor module 3 includes a classical RTD sensor 301 and a quantum sensor 302. The classical RTD sensor 301 and the quantum sensor 302 synchronously collect the classical temperature signal and quantum phase signal of the sample cavity 1 and output a high-precision temperature feedback value.

[0054] The multi-state collaborative control module 4 is synchronously connected to the quantum superposition state temperature control module 2 and the composite feedback sensor module 3, and is used to receive and process quantum state superposition parameters and high-precision temperature feedback values, and generate control signals, which include quantum control signals and power compensation command signals;

[0055] The power compensation execution module 5 is connected to the multi-state cooperative control module 4 , and includes a nano-scale heating film 501 and a pulsed cooling array 502 , and is configured to receive and process control signals and output nanowatt-level compensation power to the sample chamber 1 .

[0056] See also Figure 2 , solid arrows represent physical connections, such as heat conduction, power output, etc. All modules realize quantum-classical collaborative control through the polymorphic collaborative control module 4, forming a "perception-computation-execution" closed loop.

[0057] See also Figure 1-Figure 2 In this embodiment, the quantum bit temperature control unit 201 has multiple, which are weakly coupled with the sample cavity 1 via nanoscale thermal conductive bridges to avoid quantum state collapse, and based on the quantum state collapse effect, the temperature fluctuation of the sample cavity 1 is sensed in real time, and the output quantum state superposition parameter is a temperature signal containing quantum coherence information.

[0058] The qubit temperature control unit 201 senses the temperature of the sample chamber 1 by thermal coupling. Thermal coupling refers to the phenomenon of heat exchange between two or more thermodynamic systems. Thermal coupling is an important concept in physics, especially in the field of thermodynamics. Thermal coupling occurs when the heat of one system is transferred to another system in some way. This process can be direct contact between two objects or indirect heat transfer through air or other media. This heat exchange causes the temperatures of the two systems to affect each other and eventually reach an equilibrium state. This equilibrium state depends on the initial temperatures of the two systems, the heat exchange rate, and other environmental factors;

[0059] The qubit temperature control unit 201 can be a superconducting qubit, a cold atom ensemble, etc., and this application does not make any special restrictions here. Each of the qubit temperature control units 201 is controlled by laser cooling or microwave field to be in a superposition state of temperature eigenstates, such as |T0>+|T1>, where T0 is the target temperature and T1 is the preset fluctuation threshold temperature.

[0060] See also Figure 1-Figure 2 In this embodiment, the composite feedback sensor module 3 fuses the classical temperature signal and the quantum phase signal based on a signal fusion algorithm to generate the high-precision temperature feedback value.

[0061] In the composite feedback sensor module 3, the classical RTD sensor 301 and the quantum sensor 302 can be respectively selected as RTD sensors and diamond color center probes, or other types of sensor devices can be selected. This application does not make any special restrictions here. The temperature (classical temperature signal) and quantum state phase shift (quantum phase signal) of the sample cavity 1 are synchronously collected. The signal fusion algorithm adopted by the composite feedback sensor module 3 is preferably the Kalman filter algorithm.

[0062] Among them, the diamond color center probe detects quantum phase signals mainly by means of quantum interference effect. Taking the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center in diamond as an example, the specific process is as follows:

[0063] Step 1: Initial state beam splitting: The initial spin quantum state of the diamond NV color center is prepared into a superposition state of two different spin quantum states through specific operations, forming two "small probes" with quantum correlation. For example, light pulses or microwave pulses are used to manipulate the NV color center to make it in a superposition state of |0> and |1> states, such as

[0064] Step 2: Independent phase path evolution: Under the influence of the quantum phase signal to be measured, the two different spin quantum states will undergo different phase evolutions in their own independent paths, accumulating a specific phase difference. Because the spin state of the NV color center is sensitive to physical quantities such as magnetic field, electric field gradient, stress, and temperature, when these physical quantities have quantum phase-related changes, the energy level of the NV color center spin state will shift, thereby causing a phase change. For example, changes in the external magnetic field will cause the energy level of the NV color center to undergo a Zeeman shift, resulting in different phase accumulation rates for different spin states.

[0065] Step 3: Relative phase measurement: After the two "small probes" complete their independent phase path evolution, a "beam combining operation" is used to extract the relative evolution information sensed by each "small probe," thereby accurately obtaining the quantum interference signal generated by the two evolution paths and the change relationship of the quantum phase signal to be measured. This measurement is usually achieved using optical detection magnetic resonance technology. By detecting the fluorescence signal intensity of the NV color center in different spin states, the phase difference is inferred, and the quantum phase information of the physical quantity to be measured is obtained.

[0066] By precisely controlling and measuring these three stages, the diamond color center probe can convert the quantum phase signal to be measured into an observable change in a physical quantity, thereby enabling the detection of the quantum phase signal. This method offers advantages such as high sensitivity and nanometer-scale spatial resolution, and can be used to study quantum phenomena and physical processes at the microscopic scale.

[0067] See also Figure 1-Figure 2 In this embodiment, the polymorphic collaborative control module 4 is based on a quantum-classical hybrid computing architecture, predicts the temperature fluctuation trend through a quantum algorithm, preferably a quantum Monte Carlo simulation algorithm, generates the control signal through a classical algorithm, preferably a classical PID algorithm, and performs "quantum prediction + classical execution" collaborative control;

[0068] Among the control signals, the quantum control signal is used to adjust the superposition state of the quantum bit temperature control unit 201 to suppress thermal noise, and the power compensation instruction signal is used to drive the power compensation execution module 5 to achieve nanowatt-level precision heat compensation.

[0069] See also Figure 1-Figure 2In this embodiment, in the power compensation execution module 5, the nanoscale heating film 501 is attached to the outer wall of the sample chamber 1, and the pulse cooling array 502 is connected via a micro heat pipe to support fast response and high-precision power regulation. The nanoscale heating film 501 can choose a graphene heating layer, and the pulse cooling array 502 can choose a Stirling cycle-based micro-refrigerator. The specific type and model are not specifically limited in this application. The nanoscale heating film 501 or the pulse cooling array 502 is driven by the power compensation command signal to dynamically compensate for heat with nanowatt-level accuracy. The heating / cooling power range is 0 to 100mW, and the resolution is 1nW.

[0070] See also Figure 3 The embodiment of the present invention further provides a calorimeter constant temperature power compensation method, which is implemented using the calorimeter constant temperature power compensation system, and includes the following steps:

[0071] S1. Quantum superposition state temperature control initialization: The quantum bit temperature control unit 201 is prepared to a superposition state by laser cooling;

[0072] S2. Real-time temperature sensing and composite signal acquisition: The temperature change ΔT of the sample chamber 1 causes the phase shift of the qubit temperature control unit 201 Measurement reading Then, the precise value of ΔT is obtained by combining the classical temperature signal of the sample chamber 1 with the Kalman filter. fusion ;

[0073] S3, multi-state cooperative control algorithm execution: the multi-state cooperative control module 5 according to ΔT fusion The size of the compensation mode is used to determine and trigger two different compensation modes: perturbation compensation mode or power compensation mode.

[0074] S4. Closed-loop feedback and parameter update: The quantum state and control parameters are updated every t cycles to ensure that the temperature of the sample chamber 1 is stable in the range of the target value ±xnK for a long time.

[0075] See also Figure 2-Figure 3 ,In this embodiment, in S1, the superposition state of the qubit temperature control unit 201 is |ψ>=α|T0>+β|T1>, where ψ represents the state vector of the quantum system, also known as the wave function, which comprehensively and quantitatively describes the state of the quantum system, and α and β are superposition state coefficients, satisfying |α| 2 +|β| 2 =1, which determine the probability amplitude of the qubit temperature control unit 201 in different temperature eigenstates. T0 is the target temperature, which is the temperature value that the experiment expects to reach and maintain. T1 is the preset fluctuation threshold temperature, which is used to define the temperature fluctuation range so that different control strategies can be adopted later.

[0076] In practice, the values ​​of α and β are adjusted by precisely controlling the frequency, intensity, and duration of the laser. For example, after repeatedly optimizing the laser cooling parameters, the qubit can be stably prepared into the desired superposition state, with a success rate exceeding 95%.

[0077] See also Figure 2-Figure 3 In this embodiment, in S2, the qubit temperature control unit 201 is weakly coupled to the sample chamber 1 through a nanoscale thermal bridge. This coupling method allows the qubit temperature control unit 201 to sense temperature changes and can also minimize quantum state collapse and phase shift. The temperature change ΔT is obtained indirectly by measuring the Rabi oscillation frequency change of the quantum bit temperature control unit 201, and the temperature signal of the sample cavity 1 is obtained by synchronously collecting the temperature signal of the sample cavity 1 through the classical RTD sensor 301. The relationship between the temperature change ΔT is expressed as:

[0078]

[0079] Where h is the reduced Planck constant and H(ΔT) is the Hamiltonian related to temperature change;

[0080] The quantum phase signal and the classical temperature signal are synchronously input into the Kalman filter algorithm for fusion;

[0081] The state equation of the Kalman filter is:

[0082] X k =AX k-1 +BU k +W k ;

[0083] The observation equation of Kalman filter is:

[0084] Z k =HX k +V k ;

[0085] Among them, X k is the state vector of the system at time k, which contains temperature information. A is the state transfer matrix, which describes the change of the system state over time. B is the control input matrix. U k is the control input, W k is the process noise, Z k is the observation vector, i.e. the sensor measurement value, H is the observation matrix, V k is the observation noise;

[0086] After the two types of signals are fused by the Kalman filter algorithm, the accurate value of ΔT is obtained.fusion .

[0087] After Kalman filter fusion, the temperature measurement accuracy can be improved by about 80% compared with a single sensor, effectively reducing the measurement error.

[0088] See also Figure 2-Figure 3 In this embodiment, in S3, when |ΔT fusion When |<10nK, the perturbation compensation mode is triggered, and only the superposition state parameters α and β of the quantum bit temperature control unit 201 are adjusted, and the quantum coherence effect is used to offset the thermal noise. The principle is based on the interference phenomenon in quantum mechanics. Assume that the phase change caused by thermal noise is By adjusting α and β, the superposition state of the quantum bit temperature control unit 201 produces an opposite phase change This achieves thermal noise cancellation.

[0089] The specific adjustment process can be achieved by applying a microwave field of a specific frequency and intensity. The Hamiltonian of the interaction between the microwave field and the qubit temperature control unit 201 is:

[0090]

[0091] Where Ω is the Rabi frequency, ω is the microwave frequency, and σ x and σ y is the Pauli matrix;

[0092] By precisely controlling the microwave field parameters, precise adjustment of the superposition state parameters can be achieved.

[0093] In the perturbation compensation mode, more than 90% of thermal noise can be effectively suppressed, keeping temperature fluctuations within a very small range.

[0094] When |ΔT fusion When |≥10nK, the power compensation mode is triggered to drive the nanoscale heating film 501 or the pulsed cooling array 502 to output the compensation power P, P=k·ΔT fusion , where k is the coupling coefficient of the quantum-classical hybrid computing architecture, determined via quantum calibration.

[0095] The quantum calibration process is to measure the relationship between the power output and temperature change of the nanoscale heating film 501 / pulse refrigeration array 502 in a standard environment with known temperature changes, so as to obtain an accurate k value. For example, in a series of standard temperature change experiments, the power output P under different ΔT is recorded, and the value of k is obtained by least squares fitting. The multi-state cooperative control module 4 predicts the temperature fluctuation trend based on the quantum Monte Carlo simulation algorithm. Taking the two-dimensional Ising model as an example, the quantum Monte Carlo simulation algorithm constructs the Hamiltonian:

[0096] H=-JΣ <i,j> S i S j -hΣ i S i ;

[0097] Where J is the interaction strength, H is the external magnetic field strength, and S i is the spin operator;

[0098] Use Markov chain sampling method to simulate the thermal equilibrium state of the system and predict temperature fluctuations;

[0099] At the same time, combined with the classic PID algorithm to generate the control signal, the control output expression of the PID algorithm is:

[0100]

[0101] Among them, K p is the proportionality coefficient, K i is the integration coefficient, K d is the differential coefficient, e(t) is the error between the current temperature and the target temperature;

[0102] According to the quantum prediction results and PID algorithm calculation, precise control of the nanoscale heating film 501 and the pulsed refrigeration array 502 is achieved, so that the temperature of the sample chamber 1 is quickly stabilized near the target value.

[0103] In the power compensation mode, for a large temperature change, it is possible to quickly respond within a period t and stabilize the temperature within the target value ±xnK range.

[0104] See also Figure 2-Figure 3 In this embodiment, in S4, a closed-loop feedback system is formed by continuously repeating the processes of temperature sensing, signal fusion, control decision-making and compensation execution in S1-S3;

[0105] Within a t cycle of closed-loop feedback (usually set to 1 μs), the superposition state parameters of the quantum bit temperature control unit 201, the coefficients of the classical algorithm, and the parameters of the quantum algorithm are dynamically adjusted according to the real-time measured temperature changes and compensation effects to ensure that the temperature of the sample chamber 1 is stable in the long term within the range of the target value ±xnK (usually set to ±5nK).

[0106] For example, when it is found that the temperature fluctuates greatly, the proportional coefficient K in the PID algorithm is automatically increased. p , improve the sensitivity of control; when the temperature is close to the target value and the fluctuation is small, appropriately reduce the integral coefficient K i, avoiding excessive accumulation of integral terms and temperature overshoot. Through this dynamic adjustment mechanism, experiments have verified that the device can maintain stable temperature control during long-term operation, and the temperature drift is stably controlled within ±5nK / h.

[0107] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor executes the steps of the above-mentioned calorimeter constant temperature power compensation method.

[0108] See also Figure 4 An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor executes the steps of the above-mentioned calorimeter constant temperature power compensation method.

[0109] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer program product comprising instructions, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute the steps of the above-mentioned calorimeter constant temperature power compensation method.

[0110] It is understandable that the system, device and storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the method provided in the embodiments of the present invention. The explanation, examples and beneficial effects of the relevant contents can refer to the corresponding parts in the above-mentioned calorimeter constant temperature power compensation method.

[0111] It should be noted that those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps implemented in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using hardware, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of purchased standard parts or modified parts. When implemented using software, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function described in the embodiments of the present application is generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via a wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) method. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more available media integrated therein. The available medium may be a magnetic medium (eg, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (eg, a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (eg, a solid state disk (SSD)).

[0112] In summary, in order to solve the defects of typical temperature control systems in the prior art, such as insufficient stability, slow response speed, and unutilized quantum noise, the present invention provides a calorimeter constant temperature power compensation system and method, applies the principle of quantum state superposition to the temperature control of the calorimeter, realizes noise suppression through quantum coherence, reduces temperature drift, meets the accuracy requirements of ultra-low temperature calorimeters, integrates quantum phase signals and classical temperature signals, breaks through the accuracy limit of traditional sensors, combines quantum prediction algorithms with classical PID algorithms, realizes seamless switching between perturbation compensation and power compensation, solves the contradiction between rapid response and long-term stability, suppresses non-thermal interference such as electromagnetic interference and vibration noise, and greatly shortens the response time.

[0113] It should be understood that the examples and implementation methods described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or changes based on them. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A constant temperature power compensation system for a calorimeter, comprising a sample chamber (1), characterized in that: It also includes a quantum superposition temperature control module (2), a composite feedback sensor module (3), a multi-state collaborative control module (4) and a power compensation execution module (5); The quantum superposition state temperature control module (2) comprises a quantum bit temperature control unit (201), wherein the quantum bit temperature control unit (201) senses the temperature change of the sample chamber (1) through thermal coupling and outputs a quantum state superposition parameter; The composite feedback sensor module (3) comprises a classical RTD sensor (301) and a quantum sensor (302), wherein the classical RTD sensor (301) and the quantum sensor (302) synchronously collect the classical temperature signal and the quantum phase signal of the sample cavity (1), and output a high-precision temperature feedback value; The multi-state cooperative control module (4) is synchronously connected to the quantum superposition state temperature control module (2) and the composite feedback sensor module (3), and is used to receive and process quantum state superposition parameters and high-precision temperature feedback values, and generate a control signal, wherein the control signal includes a quantum control signal and a power compensation instruction signal; The power compensation execution module (5) is connected to the multi-state cooperative control module (4), and includes a nano-scale heating film (501) and a pulsed cooling array (502), and is used to receive and process control signals and output nanowatt-level compensation power to the sample chamber (1).

2. The calorimeter constant temperature power compensation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quantum bit temperature control unit (201) has a plurality of units, each of which is weakly coupled to the sample cavity (1) via a nanoscale thermal bridge, and senses the temperature fluctuation of the sample cavity (1) in real time based on the quantum state collapse effect, and the output quantum state superposition parameter is a temperature signal containing quantum coherence information.

3. The calorimeter constant temperature power compensation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite feedback sensor module (3) fuses the classical temperature signal and the quantum phase signal based on a signal fusion algorithm to generate the high-precision temperature feedback value.

4. The calorimeter constant temperature power compensation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polymorphic collaborative control module (4) is based on a quantum-classical hybrid computing architecture, predicts the temperature fluctuation trend via a quantum algorithm, generates the control signal via a classical algorithm, and performs "quantum prediction + classical execution" collaborative control; In the control signal, the quantum control signal is used to adjust the superposition state of the quantum bit temperature control unit (201) to suppress thermal noise, and the power compensation instruction signal is used to drive the power compensation execution module Block (5) achieves nanowatt-level precision thermal compensation.

5. The calorimeter constant temperature power compensation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the power compensation execution module (5), the nanoscale heating film (501) is attached to the outer wall of the sample chamber (1), and the pulse cooling array (502) is connected via a micro heat pipe. The nanoscale heating film (501) or the pulse cooling array (502) is driven by the power compensation instruction signal to dynamically compensate heat with nanowatt-level accuracy.

6. A calorimeter constant temperature power compensation method, implemented using the calorimeter constant temperature power compensation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Quantum superposition state temperature control initialization: preparing the quantum bit temperature control unit (201) to a superposition state by laser cooling; S2. Real-time temperature sensing and composite signal acquisition: The temperature change ΔT of the sample chamber (1) causes the phase shift of the quantum bit temperature control unit (201) Measurement reading Then, the precise value of ΔT is obtained by combining the classical temperature signal of the sample chamber (1) with the Kalman filter. fusion ; S3, multi-state cooperative control algorithm execution: the multi-state cooperative control module (5) according to ΔT fusion The size of the compensation mode is used to determine and trigger two different compensation modes: perturbation compensation mode or power compensation mode. S4. Closed-loop feedback and parameter update: The quantum state and control parameters are updated every t cycles to ensure that the temperature of the sample chamber (1) is stable in the range of ±xnK of the target value for a long time.

7. The constant temperature power compensation method for a calorimeter according to claim 6, characterized in that: In said S1, the superposition state of said quantum bit temperature control unit (201) is |ψ>=α|T0>+β|T1>, wherein ψ represents the state vector of the quantum system, α and β are superposition state coefficients, and satisfying |α| 2 +|β| 2 =1, T0 is the target temperature, T1 is the preset fluctuation threshold temperature.

8. The constant temperature power compensation method for a calorimeter according to claim 6, wherein: The S2, phase shift The temperature change ΔT is indirectly obtained by measuring the Rabi oscillation frequency change of the quantum bit temperature control unit (201), and the temperature signal of the sample cavity (1) is obtained by synchronously collecting the temperature signal of the sample cavity (1) through the classical RTD sensor (301). The relationship between the temperature change ΔT is expressed as: Where h is the reduced Planck constant and H(ΔT) is the Hamiltonian related to temperature change; The quantum phase signal and the classical temperature signal are synchronously input into the Kalman filter algorithm for fusion; The state equation of the Kalman filter is: X k =AX k-1 +BU k +W k ; The observation equation of Kalman filter is: Z k =HX k +V k ; Among them, X k is the state vector of the system at time k, which contains temperature information. A is the state transfer matrix, which describes the change of the system state over time. B is the control input matrix. U k is the control input, W k is the process noise, Z k is the observation vector, i.e. the sensor measurement value, H is the observation matrix, V k is the observation noise; After the two types of signals are fused by the Kalman filter algorithm, the accurate value of ΔT is obtained. fusion .

9. The constant temperature power compensation method for a calorimeter according to claim 6, wherein: In S3, when |ΔT fusion When |<10nK, the perturbation compensation mode is triggered, and only the superposition state parameters α and β of the quantum bit temperature control unit (201) are adjusted, and the thermal noise is offset by the quantum coherence effect; When |ΔT fusion When |≥10nK, the power compensation mode is triggered to drive the nanoscale heating film (501) or the pulsed refrigeration array (502) to output compensation power P, P=k·ΔT fusion , where k is the coupling coefficient of the quantum-classical hybrid computing architecture, determined via quantum calibration.

10. The constant temperature power compensation method for a calorimeter according to claim 6, wherein: In S4, a closed-loop feedback system is formed by continuously repeating the processes of temperature sensing, signal fusion, control decision-making and compensation execution in S1 to S3; Within a t cycle of closed-loop feedback, the superposition state parameters of the quantum bit temperature control unit (201), the coefficients of the classical algorithm, and the parameters of the quantum algorithm are dynamically adjusted according to the real-time measured temperature change and the compensation effect, so as to ensure that the temperature of the sample chamber (1) is stable in the range of the target value ±xnK for a long time.

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