System, container and method for container-type energy delivery

Abstract

The invention relates to a system, a container and a method for container-type energy delivery. Container type energy storage is provided. The container may include a power conversion system in a power conversion zone along a first face of the container, the power conversion system configured to convert an AC input power signal to a DC output power signal and to an AC output power signal. The container may include a cooling system including a heat exchanger in a heat exchange zone along a second face of the container, the second face being opposite the first face, the heat exchanger is configured to exchange heat between (i) a plurality of components of the energy storage system positioned within the container in an energy storage zone positioned between the heat exchange zone and the power conversion zone, and (ii) an environment external to the container.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the Paris Convention priority of International Application No. PCT / CN2024 / 082264, filed on March 18, 2024. The entire contents of the above application are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure generally relates to energy storage systems, such as modular battery electric storage systems (BESS) provided for generating an alternating current (AC) output. background

[0004] An electric power storage system (ESS), such as a battery electric power storage system (BESS), can be used for power delivery, storage, conditioning, or other applications. For example, an ESS can be used in temporary or remote environments to provide or supplement power generation and storage capabilities, such as in disaster response situations. Overview

[0005] The present disclosure generally relates to energy storage systems, such as modular battery electric storage systems (BESS) provided for generating an alternating current (AC) output.

[0006] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system for containerized energy delivery, the system comprising: a container, the container including: an energy storage system; a power conversion system, the power conversion system in a power conversion region along a first side of the container, the power conversion system configured to convert an AC input power signal to a DC output power signal and to an AC output power signal; and a cooling system, the cooling system including a heat exchanger in a heat exchange region along a second side of the container, the second side opposite the first side, the heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between: (i) a plurality of components of the energy storage system positioned within the container in an energy storage region positioned between the heat exchange region and the power conversion region, and (ii) an environment external to the container.

[0007] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein: the power conversion system includes a DC link; the plurality of components includes a plurality of battery cells coupled to the DC link; the container includes a fluid channel in an energy storage area, the fluid channel configured to transfer heat to a fluid in the fluid channel; and the heat exchanger is configured to: receive the fluid from the fluid channel; and transfer heat from the fluid to an environment.

[0008] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system in which a power conversion system is configured to generate an AC output power signal and a DC output power signal from a DC link.

[0009] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein: a power conversion system includes a first circuit configured to couple the first output end of the power conversion system to a DC link based on galvanic isolation between the first output end and the DC link by a transformer, the transformer being positioned in a power conversion region, the first circuit including at least one of: an inverter configured to generate an AC output power signal using energy received from the DC link; or a converter configured to generate a DC output power signal using energy received from the DC link; and the power conversion system includes a second circuit vertically spaced apart from the first circuit, the second circuit configured to couple a second output end of the power conversion system to the DC link.

[0010] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system that also includes a controller configured to cause at least one of the first circuit or the second circuit to transfer energy from the DC link to the energy storage system based on a state of the energy storage system.

[0011] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system that also includes a controller configured to: detect the number and arrangement of a plurality of battery modules stored in a plurality of sub-areas of an energy storage area; and control charging or discharging of the energy storage system based on the detected number and arrangement, wherein the energy storage system is a battery storage system and the plurality of components of the energy storage system are battery cells of the plurality of battery modules.

[0012] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein: a first nominal dimension between a first side and a second side is 6.1 meters (twenty feet); a second nominal dimension of the container perpendicular to the first nominal dimension is 2.6 meters (eight feet six inches); and a third nominal dimension of the container perpendicular to the first and second nominal dimensions is 2.4 meters (eight feet).

[0013] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system that also includes a controller configured to: receive an indication of power availability from a source device configured to receive an AC output power signal; detect a state of charge (SoC) of an energy storage system; and select between providing an AC output power signal and a DC output power signal based on the indication and the SoC.

[0014] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the power conversion system further comprises a plurality of circuits including: a first circuit configured to provide an AC output power signal simultaneously with a DC output power signal provided by the second circuit; and a second circuit.

[0015] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the heat exchanger is a condenser of a refrigerator, the fluid includes a refrigerant, and the cooling system further includes a compressor configured to compress the refrigerant.

[0016] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a container for energy delivery, the container comprising: a battery system in an energy storage area of ​​the container; a power conversion system in a power conversion area along a first side of the container, the power conversion system configured to convert an AC input power signal into a DC output power signal and an AC output power signal, the DC output power signal being configured to recharge battery cells of the battery system; and a heat exchanger in a heat exchange area along a second side of the container.

[0017] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a container wherein: a first nominal dimension between opposing faces of a power conversion region and a heat exchange region is 3 meters (10 feet); a second nominal dimension of the container perpendicular to the first nominal dimension is 2.6 meters (eight feet six inches); and a third nominal dimension of the container perpendicular to the first nominal dimension and the second nominal dimension is 2.4 meters (8 feet).

[0018] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a shipping container wherein battery cells are thermally coupled to a fluid; and the shipping container includes a user interface for a fire suppression system at one of the first side or the second side, the user interface configured to receive input to cause the fire suppression system to release a fire suppression agent configured to manage a thermal event of the battery system.

[0019] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a container wherein a second side is opposite a first side, and a heat exchanger is configured to: receive a fluid from an energy storage area of ​​the container, the energy storage area being positioned between the first side and the second side; and transfer heat from the fluid to an exterior surface of the container so that the heat is discharged from the exterior surface.

[0020] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a shipping container, comprising a coolant circuit including a fluid channel configured to transfer fluid between a heat exchanger and a battery system; and a fan configured to exhaust air to generate a negative pressure within the shipping container.

[0021] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a shipping container comprising: a plurality of subsections comprising mounting rails and assembly members configured to receive a plurality of energy storage modules of a battery system, each of the plurality of energy storage modules comprising a plurality of battery cells, wherein: a DC link is coupled to multiple energy storage modules of the plurality of energy storage modules, the multiple energy storage modules being connected in series.

[0022] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a shipping container, wherein the shipping container includes a cooling system that is fluidly coupled to each of a plurality of energy storage modules via a fluid coupling of each of a plurality of energy storage modules, wherein each of the plurality of energy storage modules is arranged along an exterior accessible surface of the shipping container and is removable through the exterior accessible surface of the shipping container.

[0023] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a shipping container that also includes a controller configured to: detect a number of parallel groups of battery cells; and control a charging rate of the battery system based on the detected number.

[0024] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a shipping container, further comprising a controller configured to: receive an indication of power availability from a source device configured to receive an AC output power signal, the indication embedded in a DC output power signal; detect a state of charge (SoC) of a battery system; and select between providing the AC output power signal and the DC output power signal based on the indication embedded in the DC output power signal and the SoC.

[0025] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a shipping container, wherein a power conversion system includes a first circuit configured to receive energy from a battery system and a second circuit configured to provide energy to the battery system.

[0026] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method for containerized energy delivery, the method comprising: providing an alternating current (AC) output power signal generated from a battery system via a power conversion circuit system in a power conversion area of ​​a container; and exchanging heat generated by the power conversion circuit system between battery cells of the battery system and an outer surface of the container via a fluid, the battery cells being positioned in an energy storage area of ​​the container, the energy storage area being positioned between the power conversion area and a heat exchange area.

[0027] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method that also includes: receiving an indication of a cessation of an operating mode corresponding to providing an AC output power signal; terminating providing the AC output power signal in response to the indication; and after the terminating, providing a DC power signal to charge battery cells of a battery system using energy received from a source device.

[0028] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method that also includes circulating a fluid through a closed loop including a heat exchanger along an exterior surface.

[0029] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method that also includes: detecting a number of battery modules; and controlling a charge rate or a discharge rate of the battery system based on the detected number.

[0030] In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method, further comprising: monitoring, via a controller, a first condition of a container; monitoring, via the controller, a second condition of a user interface positioned at one of the first side or the second side; and generating a control signal for a fire suppression system based on the first condition and the second condition. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a system for containerized energy delivery, according to some embodiments.

[0032] Figure 2 is a container according to some embodiments (such as Figure 1 Isometric view of a container.

[0033] Figure 3 According to some embodiments, Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the power delivery system of the containerized energy storage system.

[0034] Figure 4 is a container according to some embodiments (such as Figure 1 Thermal diagram of a container).

[0035] Figure 5 is a container according to some embodiments (such as Figure 1 sectional view of a container).

[0036] Figure 6A According to some embodiments, a container (such as Figure 1 Isometric view of battery packs in the energy storage area of ​​various sub-areas of a container.

[0037] Figure 6B Depicted is a top view of a battery pack in an energy storage area of ​​a container, according to some embodiments.

[0038] Figure 6C Depicted is a diagram illustrating a method according to some embodiments of the present invention. Figure 6A An isometric view of a portion of the battery pack within the energy storage area of ​​a shipping container is provided.

[0039] Figure 6D Depicted is a diagram illustrating a method according to some embodiments of the present invention. Figure 6A An isometric view of a portion of the battery pack within the energy storage area of ​​a shipping container is provided.

[0040] Figure 7 is a block diagram illustrating the architecture of a computer system that can be used to implement elements of the systems and methods described and illustrated herein.

[0041] Figure 8 is a flow chart illustrating an energy control method for a containerized energy storage system.

[0042] Figure 9A is an isometric view of a container, according to some embodiments.

[0043] Figure 9B According to some embodiments Figure 9A Reverse isometric view of shipping containers.

[0044] Figure 10 is a flow chart illustrating a method for containerized energy delivery according to some embodiments. Detailed description

[0045] The following is a more detailed description of various concepts related to containerized energy storage systems and embodiments of methods, devices, and systems for containerized energy storage systems. Before turning to the accompanying drawings that illustrate certain exemplary embodiments in detail, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the details or methods set forth in the specification or illustrated in the drawings. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for descriptive purposes only and should not be regarded as limiting.

[0046] Referring generally to the accompanying drawings, various embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems, containers, and methods for energy delivery, such as providing a containerized energy storage system (CESS). For example, a CESS can conform to dimensional or functional standards to facilitate transportation, setup, thermal management, and other aspects of the CESS. For example, such standards can include the presence of corner castings configured to mate with lifting and securing devices or twist locks. The twist locks can be configured to mate with the corner castings to vertically stack instances of the CESS or other similar monolithic containers. For example, the container can conform to or substantially conform to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards for ten-foot or twenty-foot containers.

[0047] A containerized energy storage system may include or be constructed and / or sized to fit within a container (e.g., may have one or more dimensions within the nominal tolerances of corresponding dimensions of an ISO shipping container), such as a monolithic container. Monolithic containers are configured to include multiple zones, which in turn may include sub-zones. Some or all zones (including sub-zones) may be accessible via corresponding doors, service panels, or other access surfaces on the exterior of the monolithic container.

[0048] The system may include a cooling system in a heat exchange region, the heat exchange region including the first face. The cooling system may be configured to pass a fluid through at least the energy storage region to transfer heat from the fluid and the energy storage region, and to discharge the heat from a heat exchanger in the heat exchange region to an exterior of the monolithic container. In some embodiments, the containerized energy storage system may be sized to be equivalent to a standardized shipping container, such as a standardized ISO container (e.g., within a threshold size range of the standardized shipping container or to fit within the dimensions of the standardized shipping container). According to some such embodiments, due to the standardized size, transporting the containerized energy storage system from one location to another may be easier and / or more economical.

[0049] The integrated system may include a power conversion system having one or more circuits configured to exchange power according to an AC signal. The power conversion system may be positioned relative to the cooling system (e.g., in a power conversion zone along a second surface opposite to the first surface). Each circuit may include a power input terminal or a power output terminal. Some circuits may be selectively controlled (e.g., via instructions from a controller) to selectively operate as an input terminal or an output terminal. Any circuit may be configured to operate using at least one of an alternating current (AC) or a direct current (DC) signal. The energy storage area may include an energy storage system, such as a battery system. For example, the various sub-areas of the energy storage area may be selectively filled according to operating voltage, environmental conditions, or energy storage capacity. According to an embodiment including a battery system, the various cells of the battery system may be arranged into a group of parallel strings to form a DC link. According to another embodiment, the DC link may be provided in other ways. The circuits of the power conversion system may obtain energy from the DC link for output signals or receive energy from input signals to provide energy to the energy storage system via the DC link.

[0050] refer to Figure 1The system for containerized energy delivery includes a container 101. The container 101 may be a monolithic container, such as an integrated container for transporting goods. The container 101 includes an energy storage system 102 (e.g., contains, stores, supports, or is filled with the energy storage system 102). The container 101 includes a power conversion area (e.g., a power conversion area) disposed along a first side of the container 101. Figure 2 The container 101 includes a power conversion system (PCS) 104 in a power conversion area 204 (depicted in FIG). The PCS 104 is configured to convert an alternating current (AC) input power signal into a direct current (DC) power signal and an AC output power signal. The container 101 includes a cooling system 106. The cooling system 106 includes a heat exchange area (e.g., along a second side of the container 101) Figure 2 The heat exchanger is configured to exchange heat between (i) components of the energy storage system (e.g., batteries) located within the container and (ii) the environment outside the container 101.

[0051] The PCS 104 may include a DC link. In some embodiments, the batteries or other energy storage components of the energy storage system 102 are coupled to the DC link of the PCS 104 (e.g., electrically coupled to the DC link of the PCS 104). The container 101 may include fluid channels in the energy storage zones. The fluid channels may be configured to transfer heat (e.g., from the energy storage zones) to the fluid in the fluid channels. For example, the fluid channels may thermally couple the fluid of the fluid channels with the batteries or other components to transfer heat therefrom. A heat exchanger may receive the fluid from the fluid channels and transfer heat from the fluid to the environment. This may allow for efficient containerization of components in the container 101, such as allowing for zone-based arrangement of the energy storage system 102, the PCS 104, and / or the cooling system 106 in the container 101.

[0052] The energy storage system 102, PCS 104, and / or cooling system 106 may each include or interface with at least one processing unit or other logic device, such as a programmable logic array engine (e.g., controller 110), or other module configured to communicate with a data repository 120 or a database. Controller 110, energy storage system 102, PCS 104, cooling system 106, and / or data repository 120 may include hardware elements, such as one or more processors, logic devices, or circuits. A circuit may refer to or include a system of interconnected components designed to direct and control the flow of energy, signals, or matter. For example, a circuit may include components such as transformers, capacitors, and transistors connected to wires and powered by a voltage source, such as a battery system. The circuit may transfer electrical energy to or from the energy storage system. The fluid circuit may include components configured to direct the flow of a fluid (e.g., a refrigerant) along a fluid path, such as pumps, valves, and pipes. For example, the fluid circuit may circulate a fluid to transfer heat between components of the container 101 and the environment outside the container 101.

[0053] For example, CESS 100 may include Figure 7 100. In some embodiments, various portions of CESS 100 may share one or more components. For example, an energy management system (EMS) may include a processor coupled to a memory and communicatively coupled to another processor of controller 110 configured to perform the various operations disclosed herein.

[0054] The data repository 120 may include one or more local or distributed databases and may include a database management system. The data repository 120 may include a computer data storage device or memory and may store one or more of the following: operating point data 122 or threshold data 124 .

[0055] The operating point data 122 may include conditions of the energy storage system 102, such as conditions associated with one or more cells (e.g., battery cells) of a battery system of the energy storage system. For example, in some embodiments, the energy storage system may consist essentially of a battery system. The conditions may include state of charge (SoC) based on the cell, battery pack, rack, or system. The conditions may include thermal load or temperature information of one or more cells or elements associated therewith (e.g., cold plates, refrigerant or other fluid coolant, or the ambient environment inside or outside the container 101). The conditions may include error conditions, such as loss of communication with a sensor or processor, sensed overcurrent, overtemperature, overvoltage, undervoltage, ground fault, connection fire, etc. The conditions may include capacity, such as sensed capacity (e.g., based on the number of sub-zones populated).

[0056] For example, the battery system can detect the number of fill zones during operation (e.g., for hot-swappable battery packs), at system startup / initialization, or based on another indication such as a configuration file. Operating point data 122 may include power flow to or from CESS 100 along one or more circuits of PCS 104. For example, operating point data 122 may include the amount of power received at or provided from a power port of each of the one or more circuits. Such indications may include voltage, current, power factor, or other aspects of power delivery.

[0057] Operating point data 122 may include power characteristics of one or more sources, such as cost, an indication of greenness (e.g., associated emissions, such as carbon dioxide equivalent emissions), power factor, etc. In some cases, such power characteristics may include a prediction of availability for at least some sources. For example, a solar energy source, such as a solar thermal or photovoltaic system, may indicate a cessation of availability at nightfall, a generator set may indicate a cessation of availability when a fuel source is depleted, or a wind system may indicate a cessation of availability based on ambient weather conditions. Operating point data 122 may include load demands of one or more load devices 134.

[0058] The operating point data 122 may include a selected operating mode. The CESS 100 may detect the operating mode based on a message received by the controller 110, a mechanical switch, or a sensed connection. The operating mode may include, for example, a grid-forming (VF) mode, in which one or more circuits of the PCS 104 generate voltage and frequency to form a grid. The operating mode may also include a grid-following (PQ) mode, in which one or more circuits of the PCS 104 adjust output power and reactive power to follow the grid voltage and frequency. For example, in PQ mode, the CESS 100 may follow a grid established by another CESS 100 or other power source such as a generator set or the utility grid 130. In some embodiments, the CESS 100 selects an operating mode based on a negotiation between multiple CESSs 100 to determine a leader CESS 100 and one or more follower CESSs 100.

[0059] The operating modes may include an island mode, in which the CESS 100 operates separately from the utility grid 130, for example, relying on its internally stored energy to meet power demand. The operating modes may include a load shifting mode, such as time-shifting demand based on threshold data 124. For example, the CESS 100 may provide energy via the AC output of the circuitry of the PCS 104 in response to detected demand exceeding a first threshold, and provide energy from the input to the PCS 104 in response to demand (or SoC) falling below a second threshold. For example, such an embodiment may facilitate the use of intermittently available power sources, such as photovoltaic, wind, etc.

[0060] Threshold data 124 may refer to one or more thresholds and / or actions corresponding to one or more thresholds. In this manner, threshold data 124 may correspond to operations of controller 110 (such as a programmable logic controller (PLC) of controller 110), such as operations that may be implemented according to various circuits such as relays, general-purpose processors, or dedicated PLCs. For example, Figure 8 The various branches of method 800 may correspond to such thresholds and corresponding actions. Thresholds may include, for example, SoC values, the amount of green energy on the grid, any temperature disclosed herein, the load required at the load device, or the amount of energy available from the source device. Actions corresponding to these values ​​may include any of the actions discussed herein.

[0061] The CESS 100 includes at least one energy storage system 102 that can absorb, acquire and / or store energy. Some illustrative examples of energy storage systems include battery systems, supercapacitor systems, thermal storage systems, flow batteries, or capacitive deionization systems. Various examples of the present disclosure are provided with reference to battery systems, however, such examples should not be construed as limiting. For example, in some embodiments, battery cells can be replaced with supercapacitor cells or thermal storage modules. In the example of a battery-based energy storage system 102, the energy storage system 102 includes a series combination of cells (sometimes referred to as a string). The strings can be arranged in a parallel configuration (sometimes referred to as a group). A (battery) pack (sometimes referred to as a battery module) can include one or more strings. For example, in some embodiments, a battery pack can include a series string of 44 cells. Each battery pack can also include a battery controller (e.g., a load balancer), a housing, voltage or temperature sensors, or a thermal management system.

[0062] In some embodiments, the thermal management system of the battery pack can be configured to interface with the CESS 100 cooling system 106. For example, the thermal management system can include a fluid inlet for receiving a fluid (e.g., a refrigerant) from the cooling system 106 and a fluid outlet for discharging the fluid. The fluid can be coupled to the battery cells (e.g., directly, via a cold plate, or otherwise). The fluid can transfer heat to the battery cells via the coupling to regulate the battery pack. For example, a battery cell above a threshold temperature can transfer heat to the fluid to cool the battery cell, and a battery cell below a threshold temperature can extract heat from the fluid to heat the battery cell.

[0063] The battery packs can be arranged into racks via electrical connections therebetween. Similar to the battery packs themselves, the battery racks can also be referred to as battery modules, without limitation. Thus, reference to a battery module can refer to either its battery packs or its rack (e.g., a module or submodule). For example, the 44 battery packs described above can be combined in series to form a rack connected in series. To provide some specific examples, based on a nominal 3.2 volt per cell chemistry, five or six battery packs can be included in a rack to form a 1267 volt or 704 volt string. Such illustrative embodiments are not limiting, and other single or multiple string arrangements can be employed in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure, depending on, for example, the number of battery packs, cell chemistry, cell size, charging voltage, etc. However, for at least some loads that can operate in conjunction with the CESS 100, certain example battery packs provided herein may be particularly well-suited for suitable thermal and electrical performance within the limited size examples of the container described herein.

[0064] The battery packs or racks (or other modules) can be assembled as line replaceable units. For example, the battery packs or racks can be individually removable and replaceable based on the removal or bypass of the fluid coupling to the cooling system 106 and the electrical connection therebetween. For example, the mechanical and fluid couplings for the battery packs or racks can be located along an external access surface so that they can be removed by an operator outside the container 101.

[0065] The battery combiner can couple or decouple battery modules from the DC link based on the condition of the DC link. For example, the battery combiner can couple racks to the DC link to form a group. The battery combiner can operate based on a message from the controller 110, such as via a solid-state relay, solenoid, motor-operated switch, etc. In some embodiments, the battery combiner includes a mechanically engageable connector (e.g., a relay, switch, emergency stop button, etc.) to couple or decouple the battery modules from the DC link. In some embodiments, a group of one or more battery racks (e.g., two battery racks) can include a battery combiner to couple the racks (or their battery packs) to the DC link. In some embodiments, the coupling can be per-rack, per-pack, or per other module based on the condition of one or more modules. For example, the battery combiner can bypass one or more battery packs or cells, or disconnect one or more battery packs or cells from the rack, in response to the condition of one or more battery packs or cells (conditions detected by the controller 110).

[0066] In some embodiments, the DC link is coupled to the battery string without an intermediate converter, such that the DC link is a floating voltage link, where the voltage of the DC link depends on the SoC of the battery cells. In some embodiments, a DC-DC converter can decouple the battery string from the DC link to regulate the voltage of the DC link.

[0067] The racks may be positioned in various sub-areas of the battery area. For example, an access surface may correspond to one or more sub-areas so that all battery modules (e.g., one or more racks) of a sub-area can be inspected, repaired, removed, or replaced from the same door, panel, or other access surface of the CESS 100.

[0068] CESS 100 includes at least one PCS 104 to exchange power between at least one circuit of PCS 104 and a DC link. PCS 104 may include multiple circuits to receive or transmit power signals via power exchange between the DC link and a port (such as an output port or an input port). Any circuit may have a fixed function or may include at least one optional component. For example, some circuits may only receive power signals, while other circuits may only transmit power signals. Some ports may selectively receive or transmit power signals based on an operating mode indicated by controller 110. Various implementations of the circuits may operate simultaneously or exclude other circuits. For example, in some embodiments, CESS 100 (e.g., PCS 104) further includes a first circuit and a second circuit, wherein the first circuit is configured to provide an AC output power signal (e.g., to provide power to a load device 134) while the second circuit provides a DC output power signal (e.g., to provide power to the DC link to charge CESS 100). Some illustrative examples of circuits are provided below. According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, any feature of a circuit may be optional, with controller 110 actuating various controls to modulate the operation or fixed function of the circuit.

[0069] The PCS 104 can be configured to generate an AC output power signal and a DC output power signal from a DC link (e.g., energy drawn from battery cells electrically coupled to the DC link). In some embodiments, the PCS 104 can include a first circuit configured to couple the first output terminal of the PCS 104 to the DC link based on galvanic isolation between the first output terminal and the DC link by a transformer positioned in the power conversion region. The first circuit can include an inverter configured to generate the AC output power signal using energy received from the DC link. The first circuit can include a converter configured to generate the DC output power signal using energy received from the DC link.

[0070] The first output end can receive a power signal from a first source device 132. For example, the first source device 132 may include a renewable energy source, such as a solar photovoltaic (PV) panel, a solar thermal or other solar energy system, a wind or tidal turbine, a vehicle to grid / load (V2G / L) system. In some embodiments, the first circuit is configured to receive an AC power signal (e.g., the first circuit may include an AC to DC converter). For example, the PV panel may be coupled to an inverter to provide an AC power signal. In some embodiments, the first circuit is configured to receive a DC power signal, such as a non-inverting power signal, from the PV panel. Depending on the input power signal type, the first circuit may include a DC-DC converter or an inverter to adapt the received power signal to the voltage of the DC link to charge the battery cell or other energy storage component, or otherwise use the received power (e.g., to provide power via an output power signal of another circuit). For example, the first circuit may provide a regulated output voltage that may be different from the voltage of the DC link.

[0071] The second circuit can be configured to couple to the utility grid 130. For example, the second circuit can operate in a first mode to provide an AC power signal to the utility grid 130 (e.g., in a follower mode). In some embodiments, the second circuit can generate an AC power signal having a root mean square (RMS) value of 400 volts or 690 volts. According to various embodiments, the second circuit can be configured to output the AC power signal as a single-phase, three-phase, or other signal. For example, the second circuit can include a single-phase or three-phase inverter between the DC link and the output port.

[0072] The second circuit can operate in a second mode to receive an AC power signal from the utility grid 130. For example, the second circuit can be configured to receive an AC power signal having an RMS value of 400 volts or 690 volts. The second circuit can be configured to receive an AC power signal as a single-phase, three-phase, or other signal. The second circuit can include an AC to DC converter between the input port and the DC link. In some embodiments, the input port and the output port of the second circuit include the same electrical terminals for an electrical sink or power source, depending on the selected mode of the second circuit indicated by the controller 110.

[0073] In some embodiments, the second circuit includes a transformer or otherwise implements galvanic isolation between the DC link and the output port. For example, the second circuit may include or interface with a 400V or 690V transformer to provide galvanic isolation. In some embodiments, the transformer or other galvanic isolation device may be omitted or included in any of the various circuits of PCS 104. For example, if CESS 100 is configured to interface with a transmission line voltage (e.g., 10,500V), such isolation may be omitted to reduce transformer losses. However, CESS 100 may be configured to couple with a separate transmission line transformer to provide isolation. For example, CESS 100 may be configured to couple with a transmission line transformer inside or outside its container 101. Such examples are not intended to be limiting. For example, the first circuit may include a transformer in a power conversion area (which may sometimes be referred to as a first area). The second circuit of PCS 104 may be configured to couple the second output of PCS 104 to the DC link. The first and second circuits may be vertically spaced apart from each other. Furthermore, reference to an output terminal should not be construed to exclude the corresponding circuit from receiving a power signal. For example, in some embodiments, at least one of the first output terminal or the second output terminal is configured to operate based on instructions of the controller 110. For example, the controller 110 can cause at least one of the first circuit or the second circuit to transfer energy from the DC link to the energy storage system based on a state of the energy storage system (e.g., SoC, temperature, etc.).

[0074] The third circuit of PCS 104 can be configured to receive a power signal from genset source device 132. For example, PCS 104 can receive an AC power signal from a 400V input port of the third circuit. The third circuit can also include an AC-to-DC converter to provide power from the power signal to a DC link to charge the battery cells of the battery system.

[0075] The fourth circuit can be configured to couple with the genset source device 132 and the load device 134 in a hybrid operating mode. In the hybrid operating mode, the controller 110 can operate the genset source device 132 within a predefined operating range (e.g., an efficiency band) or according to an average power demand. When the power demand exceeds the power generated by the genset source device 132, the CESS 100 can provide power to the load device 134. When the power generated by the genset source device 132 exceeds the power demand, the CESS 100 can draw power from the genset source device 132. The fourth circuit can include a transformer or other galvanic isolation device between the output terminal and the load device 134. In some embodiments, the transformer is positioned between the load device 134 and another source device (such as the genset source device 132) to protect the source device 132.

[0076] In some embodiments, the fourth circuit (or other circuitry of PCS 104) includes a communication channel with the source device 132 or the load device 134. In some embodiments, the fourth circuit (or any other circuitry of PCS 104) is configured to detect power signal characteristics, such as those indicating the power demand of another device or a voltage sag or frequency deviation of a power source. Such power signal characteristics may be referred to as embedded indications in the power signal. The source device 132 and the load device 134 may also include a communication channel to transmit demand information, or to detect demand information based on the power signal characteristics. Based on such communication, the controller 110 of the CESS 100 may cause the genset source device 132 to increase power production levels in response to conditions detected by the controller 110. For example, the conditions may include the state of charge of the battery system or other conditions. During hybrid operation, the controller 110 may detect when the SOC drops below a threshold and send a message to the genset source device 132 to increase power generation. Conversely, the controller 110 may detect when the SOC exceeds a threshold and send a message to the genset source device 132 to reduce power generation (e.g., reduce load, RPM, or shut down).

[0077] Hybrid operation is not limited to the genset source device 132. For example, the controller 110 can implement a hybrid operating mode including cascading energy sources based on cost, green energy usage, etc. In an example embodiment, the controller 110 can implement hybrid operation to include providing renewable energy from a first circuit. In the event that energy demand exceeds the supply of the first circuit, the controller 110 can cause the CESS 100 to provide stored energy (e.g., based on energy supply or demand thresholds in the threshold data 124). In response to detecting an energy demand that exceeds the stored energy and the renewable energy of the first circuit, the controller 110 can cause the genset source device 132 to operate within an efficiency band. In response to detecting an energy demand that exceeds the stored energy, the renewable energy of the first circuit, and the efficiency band power of the genset source device 132, the controller 110 can cause the genset source device 132 to operate within a power band.

[0078] CESS 100 includes at least one cooling system 106 configured to exchange heat between other components of CESS 100 and the environment outside container 101 to regulate its components. Although referred to as cooling system 106, this regulation can include warming (e.g., heating) components or cooling components, depending on various embodiments or circumstances. For example, in cold environments, cooling system 106 can utilize heat generated by PCS 104 or via heater elements to heat battery cells.

[0079] The cooling system 106 may include a heat exchanger (e.g., a refrigerator) to exchange heat with the surrounding environment. For example, the heat exchanger may receive fluid passing through a region of the container 101 that includes components of the energy storage system 102 (e.g., battery cells). The heat exchanger may pass the fluid along a radiator positioned along an outer surface of the CESS 100 to reduce the difference between the fluid temperature and the ambient temperature (e.g., transfer heat from the fluid to the outer surface of the container 101). The fluid may be conveyed to the heat exchanger along a refrigerant circuit (such as via a pump, convection, or other means). In some embodiments, the refrigerant circuit may include fluid of the same phase throughout the circuit (e.g., a liquid-liquid phase refrigerant circuit, such as a glycol circuit). In some embodiments, the refrigerant circuit may include a phase-change refrigerant (e.g., R-410A). For example, the heat exchanger may be the condenser of a refrigerator, and the cooling system 106 may include a compressor configured to compress the refrigerant. The cooling system 106 may include an expansion valve and may include an evaporator.

[0080] According to some embodiments, the container 101 includes a fire suppression system 108. The fire suppression system 108 can be configured to detect a fire (e.g., based on a particulate matter or ionization sensor, an infrared sensor, a flame sensor, a temperature sensor, or an arc fault sensor). In some embodiments, the fire suppression system 108 includes manually operable controls, such as a panel accessible via an exterior surface of the container 101 (e.g., the first side 202 or the second side 206). Upon manual activation or detection of signs of a fire, the fire suppression system 108 can release an inert gas, asphyxiating foam, a dry chemical agent, or other extinguishing agent to interrupt the chemical reaction of the battery cells of the energy storage system 102.

[0081] According to some embodiments, the CESS 100 includes or interfaces with at least one controller 110. The controller 110 may include or interface with one or more processors and memory. The processor may be implemented as a dedicated processor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), a group of processing components, or other suitable electronic processing components. The processor and memory may be implemented using one or more devices (such as devices in a client-server implementation). The memory may include one or more devices (e.g., random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, hard disk storage) for storing data and computer code for performing the various operations described herein. The memory may be or may include volatile memory or non-volatile (e.g., non-transitory) memory, and may include database components, object code components, script components, or any other type of information structure for supporting the various activities and information structures described in this disclosure. The memory may be communicatively connected to the processor and include computer code or instruction modules for performing one or more processes described herein. The memory may include various circuits, software engines, and / or modules that enable the processor to execute the systems and methods described herein, such as those described below. Figure 7 The part depicted in .

[0082] The controller 110 is configured to at least partially control the operation of the CESS 100 and associated systems (such as various source devices or load devices). The controller 110 can, for example, cause one or more of the disclosed operations by employing another element of the CESS 100. For example, the disclosed operations performed by other elements of the CESS 100 can be initiated, scheduled, or otherwise controlled by the controller 110.

[0083] The controller 110 may include or be coupled to communication electronics. The communication electronics may enable wired and / or wireless communication. For example, the communication electronics may include one or more wired (e.g., Ethernet, PCIe, AXI, or CAN) or wireless transceivers (e.g., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, or cellular). The controller 110 may be communicatively coupled to various components of the CESS 100 or associated devices (e.g., source device 132, load device 134, or utility grid 130) using the communication electronics. Communication between components or other devices of the present disclosure may occur via any number of wired or wireless connections.

[0084] The CESS 100 may also include any number of interface ports 103 corresponding to the circuits of the PCS 104. The interface ports 103 may be coupled to various source devices 132, load devices 134, or a combination of source devices 132 and load devices 134 (collectively, the utility grid 130). Each interface port 103 is configured to provide or receive a power signal. In some embodiments, some interface ports 103 may also receive or provide a communication link with the source devices 132, load devices 134, or the utility grid 130. For example, the controller 110 may provide commands or other messages via the interface port 103, or receive information such as the content, cost, demand, supply, or future information of green power via the interface port 103. Each interface port 103 may include multiple terminals. Some terminals may be configured for a single purpose (e.g., energy transmission, energy reception, and communication). Some terminals may be configured for multiple purposes (e.g., bidirectional current flow, where communication signaling is embedded in or superimposed on the power signal).

[0085] The controller 110 may be configured to receive an indication of power availability from at least one source device 132 configured to receive an AC output power signal. The controller 110 may detect the SoC of the energy storage system 102 of the CESS 100. Based on the indication and the SoC, the controller 110 may select between providing an AC output power signal (e.g., a power output mode) and a DC output power signal (e.g., a recharging mode).

[0086] Reference to source device 132 and load device 134 is not intended to limit such devices to a single operating mode. For example, an electric vehicle may operate as a load device 134 in a first operating mode to charge its battery, and operate as a source device 132 in a vehicle-to-load (V2L) application in a second operating mode.

[0087] Now refer to Figure 2According to some embodiments, an isometric view of a container 101 is provided, for example, populated (e.g., positioned and / or arranged) with one or more components. The container 101, in combination with the various populated components, may be referred to as a CESS 100. The arrangement of the container 101 and / or the components therein may mitigate or prevent exposure of the components to environmental conditions (e.g., dust, corrosive chemicals, water). A first side 202 of the container 101 coincides with the outer boundary of a power conversion region 204, which includes the PCS 104. A second side 206 of the container 101 coincides with the outer boundary of a heat exchange region 208 (sometimes referred to as a second region), which includes at least a heat exchanger 210 of the cooling system 106. In various embodiments, at least a portion of the heat exchanger 210 may be positioned along the second side 206 (as depicted), along an adjacent wall perpendicular to the first side 202 and adjacent to the second side 206, or along an upper surface of the container 101.

[0088] The battery cells of the battery system 203 are positioned in the energy storage area 212 of the container 101. For example, the battery cells are arranged into battery packs, which are arranged into battery racks. Figure 6A 、 Figure 6B 、 Figure 6C and Figure 6D Some example geometries of battery cells are provided in greater detail at . The CESS 100 can operate based on the number and arrangement of various sub-regions of the energy storage region 212 (e.g., different numbers of battery cells or different cell configurations), as can be detected by the controller 110. For example, the controller 110 can be configured to detect the number and arrangement of a plurality of battery modules stored in any one or more (e.g., a plurality) of sub-regions of the energy storage region 212, and can control the charging or discharging of the energy storage system 102 (e.g., where the energy storage system 102 is a BESS and the plurality of components of the energy storage system 102 are battery cells of a plurality of battery modules) based on the detected number and arrangement. For example, the controller 110 can adjust the charge or discharge rate, thermal limit, or state of charge (SoC) threshold based on the number and arrangement.

[0089] In some embodiments, cooling system 106 includes refrigerant lines to pass a fluid through power conversion area 204, heat exchange area 208, and energy storage area 212. The fluid can be thermally coupled to components of PCS 104, such as switchgear or filtering components of an inverter, DC-DC converter, or transformer. This coupling can be direct or via intermediate components, such as heat sinks, cold plates, interface materials, and the like.

[0090] The fluid circuit can extend between the heat exchange area 208 and the energy storage area 212. In some embodiments, the fluid circuit also extends into the power conversion area 204. In some embodiments, the fluid inlets for the components of the power conversion area 204 receive fluid from the fluid outlets 211 of the battery modules in the energy storage area 212. For example, in the event that the operating temperature of the battery modules and the PCS 104 exceeds the ambient temperature, fluid at a first temperature (e.g., close to the ambient temperature) can be received from the heat exchanger 210 and delivered to the battery modules in the energy storage area 212. There, the fluid is conditioned to a second temperature greater than the first temperature, and then delivered to the fluid inlet for the PCS 213. There, the fluid is conditioned to a third temperature greater than the second temperature, and then returned to the heat exchanger to return the fluid to the first temperature. In some embodiments, the refrigeration circuit can include elements arranged in other ways, such as from a heat exchanger to the inlet of the PCS 213 and then to the battery modules. In some embodiments, the refrigeration circuit can include separate branches for the inlet of the PCS 213 and the battery modules.

[0091] The arrangement of the container 101, power conversion area 204, heat exchange area 208, and / or energy storage area 212 relative to one another can allow for more efficient component connections, airflow, cooling, and / or moisture ingress prevention. For example, the depicted location of the power conversion area 204 and heat exchange area 208 along opposing faces of the container 101 can facilitate convective cooling from its various components (e.g., housing, fin surfaces, etc.), at least in part due to increased surface area. Furthermore, such an arrangement can facilitate accessibility, for example by providing multiple surfaces, which can facilitate physical separation distances between various connectors or between conductors and serviceable panels, indicators, and the like. For example, a panel for the fire suppression system 108 is depicted as being positioned on the second face 206.

[0092] With further reference to container 101, according to Figure 2 In the depicted embodiment, the first side 202 of the power conversion region 204 and the second side 206 of the heat exchange region 208 may have a first nominal dimension (e.g., length) equal to 6.1 meters (20 feet). The depicted vertical dimension perpendicular thereto (e.g., width) may be equal to 2.6 meters (8 feet 6 inches), and the remaining vertical dimension (e.g., height) may be equal to 2.4 meters (8 feet). Such nominal dimensions may not include flaps, covers, etc. (e.g., cover 210A of heat exchanger 210). However, such parts may be removable to facilitate their transport. For example, in some embodiments, the container 101 includes a storage area for such components.

[0093] Container 101 includes access surfaces (depicted as doors 214) to facilitate removal of the various line replaceable units of CESS 100. For example, with the fluid and electrical connections disconnected, various components of battery system 203, PCS 104, and cooling system 106 can be removed via the access surfaces without further disassembly of container 101. Container 101 also includes corner castings 216 configured to stack instances of CESS 100 on top of each other or with other containers that can be configured to mate with the corner castings (e.g., ISO ten-foot or twenty-foot containers, sometimes referred to as CONEX container express). Corner castings 216 can be coupled with twist locks 218 to secure such stacked containers (e.g., for transport or use).

[0094] Now refer to Figure 3 According to some embodiments, a schematic diagram of a power delivery system 300 including a CESS 100 is provided. Example circuits are shown according to the depicted power delivery system 300. Depending on the various power delivery systems 300 or other operating environments, CESS 100 may omit, add to, or replace circuits or portions thereof. For example, in some embodiments, certain transformers 310 may be omitted. In some embodiments, controller 110 may actuate switch components to selectively interface PCS 104 with any components coupled thereto. In some embodiments, modular components of PCS 104 associated with at least one circuit may be physically replaced depending on the selected operating mode (e.g., power acquisition / power absorption or grid formation / grid tracking).

[0095] The CESS 100 is coupled to the renewable energy source 304 via a first circuit 312 of the PCS 104. The first circuit 312 can be configured to receive a DC or AC power signal from the renewable energy source 304. For example, the renewable energy source 304 can include a PV panel to provide a DC power signal to the first circuit 312, and (via an inverter of the renewable energy source 304) provide an AC power signal to the transformer 310 to provide energy to the utility grid 130. The omission of the inverter can increase the power efficiency of the energy transfer between the renewable energy source 304 and the CESS 100. However, in some embodiments, such as where the renewable energy source 304 is located remotely from the CESS 100, an inverter (and transformer) can be included, which can improve efficiency to the extent that the reduction in transmission losses outweighs the increase in conversion losses. Furthermore, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, various transformers 310 can be omitted, such as where neither galvanic isolation nor voltage conversion is included between various nodes of the power delivery system 300. In some embodiments, the controller 110 of the CESS 100 can cause the renewable energy source 304 to selectively supply power to the utility grid 130 or the DC link of the CESS 100. For example, the controller 110 can select a power load based on a comparison of the threshold data 124 with any of the conditions of the CESS 100 or a device coupled to the CESS 100 (such as the SoC of the battery system 203, load demand, a portion of green energy, energy cost, power characteristics of grid energy, etc.).

[0096] As with other references to first, second, third, etc., the first circuit 312 is provided only to describe the drawings. Such references are not intended to limit the present disclosure. For example, Figure 3 The first circuit 312, the second circuit 314 and the third circuit 316 do not necessarily correspond to the Figure 1 Furthermore, illustrative examples of circuits may be omitted or added from various embodiments contemplated according to the present disclosure.

[0097] Second circuit 314 of PCS 104 couples CESS 100 to genset 302. CESS 100 can receive an AC power signal from genset 302 via second circuit 314. In some embodiments, controller 110 of CESS 100 can modulate the AC power signal. For example, in response to a comparison of any detected information with threshold data 124, controller 110 can cause genset 302 to operate within an efficiency band, a power band, shut down, etc.

[0098] The third circuit 316 of the PCS 104 couples the genset 302 to the CESS 100 via the transformer 310. The separation of the second circuit 314 from the third circuit 316 can help provide independent signal paths between the genset 302 and the load device 134. For example, the power signal input from the genset 302 to the CESS 100 can omit the galvanic isolation device (e.g., transformer 310) to improve power transfer efficiency, while the output to the load device 134 shared with the genset 302 can include the galvanic isolation device (e.g., transformer 310) to eliminate ground loops or otherwise comply with grid or other connection standards. The controller 110 can modulate the power output of the CESS 100 from the third circuit 316 and, in some embodiments, modulate the power output of the genset 302 for shared output. For example, either the generator set 302 or the CESS 100 can operate as a leader or a follower in a leader / follower pair to provide energy to the load device 134 (e.g., to reduce fuel usage, pollution emissions, or for failover redundancy) based on a comparison of the operating point data 122 with the threshold data 124. The fourth circuit 318 couples the CESS 100 to the utility grid 130. The controller 110 can cause the CESS 100 to receive power from the utility grid 130 or to supply energy to the utility grid 130 based on a comparison between the operating point data 122 and the threshold data 124.

[0099] The controller 110 can cause the CESS 100 to receive energy at the DC link to accumulate stored energy (e.g., to charge battery cells of the battery system 203) from any of the gensets 302, the renewable energy sources 304, or the utility grid 130, including combinations thereof. The load devices 134 coupled to the CESS 100 can receive energy from any of the following: only the gensets 302, only the renewable energy sources 304, only the utility grid 130, or any combination thereof, such as a combination of the CESS 100 and the gensets 302 in a hybrid configuration.

[0100] Figure 4 4 is a thermal diagram 400 of a container 101, according to some embodiments. Thermal diagram 400 depicts heat transfer through air that can be employed by a cooling system in at least some embodiments. For example, the depicted airflow path of CESS 100 can be provided in addition to or in lieu of a liquid cooling system. In some embodiments, a fan, blower, or other air moving device of the cooling system draws in air to create positive pressure within container 101. In some embodiments, the inlet for air can include an HVAC inlet 402 or a chiller inlet 403.

[0101] In some embodiments, the cooling system 106 exhausts air to generate a negative pressure. Depending on the negative pressure system, vents can take in air. Therefore, in some embodiments, the HVAC inlet 402 may include a non-forced vent. The vent may also be referred to as an inlet or outlet, such as a refrigerator outlet 406. The pressure gradient between the opposing faces of the container 101 may allow ambient air to be taken in to one or more of the PCS inlet 408, the transformer inlet 410, or the battery compartment inlet 412. The flow may also exhaust air via the battery compartment outlet 414, which is positioned at a higher pressure than the battery compartment inlet 412. In some embodiments, the gradient may also be assisted by forced air at any inlet / outlet. In addition, the air flow may be separated or directed based on the zone so that air from a hotter zone is not drawn into a cooler zone.

[0102] Now refer to Figure 5 , a cross-sectional view 500 of a container 101 is provided, according to some embodiments. The power conversion area 204 of the container 101 includes a first sub-area 502 and a second sub-area 506. The first sub-area 502 includes a first circuit 504, and the second sub-area 506 includes a second circuit 508. The second circuit 508 omits a galvanic isolation device, such as a transformer. In some embodiments, the first sub-area 502 and the second sub-area 506 of the power conversion area 204 extend between opposing faces of the container 101 (e.g., upward and downward, or into and out of the page, as depicted). In some embodiments, the first sub-area 502 and the second sub-area 506 of the power conversion area 204 extend from one face to a middle or other portion of the container (e.g., less than 8 feet for an ISO container). For example, in some embodiments, additional circuits may be positioned in front of or behind the depicted circuits 504, 508 of the power conversion area 204.

[0103] The heat exchange area 208 includes portions of a cooling system, such as a heat exchanger 210 or other components of a chiller. The heat exchange area 208 may include a processor for a battery management system 510 (e.g., a rack-level control device). Such a system may be coupled to a user interface panel located along an exterior surface of the container 101. The heat exchange area 208 may include additional components, such as controls for the fire suppression system 108.

[0104] The energy storage area 212 includes subareas for energy storage modules. A first subarea 512, a second subarea 514, a third subarea 516, a fourth subarea 518, a fifth subarea 520, and a sixth subarea 522 are depicted to include corresponding battery modules, such as a first battery rack 524, a second battery rack 526, a third battery rack 528, a fourth battery rack 530, a fifth battery rack 532, and a sixth battery rack 534, respectively. The energy storage area 212 may include additional subareas for additional battery modules or other components above, below, in front of, or behind the depicted portion, as shown in FIG. 6A to 6D In some embodiments, the energy storage region 212 can be arranged into different numbers of sub-regions (eg, two sub-regions, three sub-regions, or four sub-regions).

[0105] Fire suppression circuitry 536 may be coupled to each sub-section of the battery module and may also be coupled to other components (e.g., circuitry within PCS 104). The sub-section distribution system may also bus the DC link throughout CESS 100 (e.g., at least between power conversion section 204 and energy storage section 212). The sub-section distribution system may include a cooling loop 538 that runs throughout the system, such as the PCS 104 within power conversion section 204, the battery cells within energy storage section 212, and the heat exchanger 210 within heat exchange section 208.

[0106] Figure 6A FIG is an isometric view of a battery pack 604 in an energy storage area 212 including various sub-areas of a container 101 according to some embodiments. Specifically, the view depicts Figure 5 An example of a population of the energy storage area 212 is shown. A series of mounting rails 602 are provided to receive the battery packs 604, coupled to and supported by the frame assembly member 606. Although no electrical circuits, coolant circuits, or fire suppression circuits are depicted, the battery packs 604 can be arranged into racks, such as first rack 608 and second rack 610 of the corresponding first and second sub-areas 512, 514, based on the electrical connections between the battery packs 604. For example, the racks of the first and second sub-areas 512, 514 can be connected in series to form a nine-pack series string (e.g., 396S based on 44-cell battery packs 604). Battery boxes 607 can be provided on a per-pack, per-rack, or per-string basis. The battery boxes 607 can house high-voltage equipment such as connectors, fuses, and relays (e.g., for connection to a DC link or battery combiner). Additional racks can include battery modules, depicted as a first column 612, a second column 614, and a third column 616.

[0107] Additional strings can be formed from additional modules, such as by connecting third rack 528 and fourth rack 530 in series to form a second string, and fifth rack 532 and sixth rack 534 in series to form a third string. Additional strings can be formed from battery modules of additional sub-zones to form a 6P396S pack.

[0108] Now refer to Figure 6B According to some embodiments, there is provided Figure 5 Figure 1 shows a top view of battery packs 604 in the energy storage area 212 of container 101. For example, a first string 632, a second string 634, a third string 636, a fourth string 638, a fifth string 640, and a sixth string 642 are depicted. In some embodiments, strings can be populated with various numbers and arrangements of battery modules. For example, some strings may be left empty relative to a fully populated system. For example, with a 4P396S pack, the second and fifth strings 634 and 640 may be omitted to reduce weight, current carrying capacity, or improve airflow relative to a 6P396S pack.

[0109] Figure 6C Depicted is a diagram illustrating a method according to some embodiments of the present invention. Figure 6A An isometric view of a portion of a battery pack 604 in the energy storage area 212 of the container 101 is provided in FIG. Figure 6A , the second string 634 is depicted as unpopulated, and the upper racks of the other strings are depicted as unpopulated. Such depiction can more clearly show the visible battery packs 604. In some embodiments, such non-population can form a 5P220S group because relative to a fully populated example (e.g., Figure 6A depicted) can reduce overall weight or increase cooling. Figure 6D Depicted is a diagram illustrating a method according to some embodiments of the present invention. Figure 6A An isometric view of a portion of a battery pack in the energy storage area 212 of the container 101 is provided in FIG. Figure 6A , the second string 634, the fourth string 638, and the sixth string 642 are depicted as unpopulated, and the upper racks of the other strings are depicted as unpopulated. Such depiction can more clearly show the visible battery pack 604. In some embodiments, such non-population can form a 3P220S system because compared to a fully populated example (e.g., Figure 6A The embodiment of the present invention can be used to reduce overall weight or increase cooling. Further examples can be varied based on the population of battery modules or based on the selection of racks of different sizes or other series / parallel configurations of the group to create electrical connections for strings of various lengths or various numbers of parallel strings. The various series strings can adjust the voltage. For example, the battery cells of the battery module can be provided with a nominal voltage of 3.2 volts, so that a 220S string can supply a nominal DC link voltage of 704V, and a 396S string can supply 1267V.

[0110] Figure 7 is a block diagram illustrating the architecture of a computer system that can be used to implement elements of the systems and methods described and illustrated herein. Computer system or computing device 700 may include controller 110 or components thereof, or other components of CESS 100, or may be used to implement controller 110 or components thereof, or other components of CESS 100. Computing system 700 includes at least one bus 705 or other communication component for communicating information, and at least one processor 710 or processing circuit coupled to bus 705 for processing information. Computing system 700 may also include one or more processors 710 or processing circuits coupled to bus 705 for processing information. Computing system 700 also includes at least one main memory 715, such as random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic storage device, coupled to bus 705 for storing information and instructions to be executed by processor 710. Main memory 715 may be used to store information during execution of instructions by processor 710. Computing system 700 may also include at least one read-only memory (ROM) 720 or other static storage device coupled to bus 705 for storing static information and instructions for processor 710. A storage device 725 , such as a solid-state device, magnetic disk, or optical disk, may be coupled to bus 705 for persistently storing information and instructions (eg, for data repository 120 ).

[0111] The computing system 700 may be coupled to a display 735, such as a liquid crystal display or an active matrix display, via the bus 705. An input device 730, such as a keyboard or mouse, may be coupled to the bus 705 for communicating information and commands to the processor 710. The input device 730 may include a touch screen display 735.

[0112] The processes, systems, and methods described herein can be implemented by the computing system 700 in response to the processor 710 executing an arrangement of instructions contained in the main memory 715. Such instructions can be read into the main memory 715 from another computer-readable medium (such as, storage device 725). Execution of the arrangement of instructions contained in the main memory 715 causes the computing system 700 to perform the illustrative processes described herein. One or more processors in a multi-processing arrangement can also be used to execute the instructions contained in the main memory 715. Hard-wired circuitry can be used in place of software instructions or in combination with software instructions with the systems and methods described herein. The systems and methods described herein are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software.

[0113] Although Figure 7An example computing system is described in the specification, but the subject matter including the operations described in this specification may be implemented in other types of digital electronic circuitry, or in computer software, firmware, or hardware (including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents), or in a combination of one or more of them.

[0114] Now refer to Figure 8 According to some embodiments, a flow chart illustrating a method 800 for energy control of a containerized energy storage system 100 is provided. The method 800 includes various branches, which may refer to actions taken with respect to one or more circuits or for one or more operating modes. For example, the controller 110 may perform various operations according to instructions stored on a non-transitive computer-readable memory.

[0115] At operation 802, the controller 110 of the CESS 100 may perform a self-test operation. The self-test operation may determine the population of any zones (e.g., sub-zones), the determination of any selected operating modes (e.g., based on a configuration file or other controls, such as controls in a user interface). In some embodiments, the self-test operation may include determining the presence, type, or condition of any connected devices or components of the CESS 100.

[0116] At decision block 804, the controller 110 of the CESS 100 may determine whether the renewable energy source 304 is available. If the renewable energy source 304 is available, the controller 110 may cause the CESS 100 to continue operating with the renewable energy source 304 (e.g., in embodiments where both the renewable energy source 304 and the CESS are supplying the load device 134). In some embodiments, the CESS 100 continues to operate in the PQ mode following the renewable energy source 304 according to the instructions of the controller 110 (at operation 806). In some embodiments, the CESS 100 continues to operate in the VF mode according to the instructions of the controller 110 (e.g., where the renewable energy source 304 is not a grid-connected source).

[0117] Referring to decision block 808 , the controller 110 of the CESS 100 determines whether the power supplied by the renewable energy source 304 is less than a threshold value (e.g., 20 percent of capacity). If the controller 110 determines that the green energy exceeds the threshold value, the controller 110 may cause the CESS 100 to continue PQ operation at operation 806 . If the controller 110 determines that the green energy does not meet the threshold value, the method 800 proceeds to decision block 810 .

[0118] At decision block 810, the controller 110 of the CESS 100 determines whether a backup source is available. If a backup green source is available, the method 800 proceeds to operation 812, and the CESS 100 continues to operate in parallel with the backup source (e.g., in a follower mode according to the depicted embodiment, or in a leader mode in some other embodiments). If no green backup is available, the method 800 may proceed to operation 814, where the controller 110 may start another source, such as the genset 302, or draw additional power from the CESS 100.

[0119] Referring now to decision block 820 , the controller 110 of the CESS 100 determines whether the genset 302 is available. If the genset 302 is available, then at operation 822 , the controller 110 of the CESS 100 may start the genset 302 and combine it with the CESS 100 (e.g., according to a hybrid circuit) to deliver energy. At decision block 824 , the controller 110 of the CESS 100 determines whether the economy mode is enabled. This determination may depend, for example, on the CESS SoC and the load demand. For example, the controller 110 may enable the economy mode based on a threshold value for the SoC of the CESS 100 (when the SoC of the CESS 100 exceeds a threshold value in the threshold data 124 ) or based on load demand (e.g., when the available power exceeds a threshold percentage of the power demand). Conversely, the controller 110 may disable the economy mode if the SoC or demand is less than a threshold value. The threshold values ​​may be symmetrical, or hysteresis may be introduced between enabling and disabling the economy mode. If the economy mode is enabled, the controller 110 of the CESS 100 operates the gensets 302 in the economy mode (e.g., in the efficiency band) at operation 826 and supplies or withdraws energy from the gensets 302 according to availability. If the economy mode is enabled, the controller 110 of the CESS 100 operates the gensets 302 in the power mode (e.g., in the power band) at operation 828.

[0120] Referring now to decision block 840 , the controller 110 of the CESS 100 determines whether battery supply mode is enabled. If battery supply mode is enabled, the CESS 100 may proceed to an operating state at operation 842 (e.g., in follower mode as depicted, or in leader / networking mode according to the instructions received by the controller 110 at operation 802 ). At operation 844 , upon detecting a fault, the controller 110 of the CESS 100 proceeds to a stop state. Although illustrated as transitioning from operation 842 to operation 844 , the controller 110 may implement additional transitions based on the detected condition (e.g., may transition to the stop state of operation 844 from any of the depicted operations). In some embodiments, at operation 844 , the controller 110 resolves the loop, such as by isolating one or more battery cells, implementing a wait time to cool the component below a threshold, or otherwise resolving the condition. In some embodiments, returning from operation 844 (e.g., returning to operation 802 ) includes user input or an automatic state change executed by the controller 110 . In some embodiments, at least a portion of the depicted operations correspond to states of a finite state machine implemented by controller 110 .

[0121] At decision block 846, the controller 110 of the CESS 100 determines whether the SoC is below a threshold value (e.g., 25%, 50%, or another value). If the SoC is not below the threshold value, the method 800 continues at operation 842. If the SoC is below the threshold value, the method 800 proceeds to decision block 848. At decision block 848, the CESS 100 compares the load to the capacity. If the load is not less than a threshold fraction of the capacity (e.g., 80%), the controller 110 causes the CESS 100 to continue providing power at operation 852 until the SoC reaches another threshold value less than the threshold value in operation 844 (e.g., 5% or 10%). If the load is less than the threshold fraction of the capacity, the method 800 proceeds to operation 850, where the controller 110 causes the CESS 100 to charge the battery (e.g., to a predefined threshold value, which may be equal to or less than the full SoC). That is, the controller 110 may be configured to receive an indication of power availability from the source device 132, which is configured to receive the AC output power signal and detect the SoC of the energy storage system 102 of the CESS 100. Based on the indication and the SoC, the controller 110 may select between providing an AC output power signal (e.g., a power output mode) and a DC output power signal (e.g., a recharging mode).

[0122] Figure 9Ais an isometric view of a container 101 according to some embodiments. The container 101 includes a power conversion area 902 configured to receive components of one or more circuits of the PCS 104. For example, the power conversion area 902 may include Figure 2 The container 101 includes a heat exchange area 904 to receive the heat exchanger 210. For example, the heat exchange area 904 may include Figure 2 The container 101 includes an energy storage area 906 to receive components of the energy storage system 102 (e.g., the battery storage system 203). For example, the energy storage area 906 may include Figure 2 The power conversion area 902 is adjacent to the side of the container 101 opposite the heat exchange area 904.

[0123] Container 101 is configured for energy delivery and includes a battery storage system 203 in an energy storage area 906 of container 101. Container 101 includes a PCS 104 in a power conversion area 902 along a first side (e.g., front side 908 as depicted) of container 101. PCS 104 may be configured (e.g., may include one or more circuits and / or circuit systems) to convert an AC input power signal into a DC output power signal and AC output power, the DC output power signal being configured to recharge battery cells of battery system 203. Container 101 includes a heat exchanger 210 in a heat exchange area 904 along a second side of container 101.

[0124] according to Figure 9A In the depicted embodiment, further referring to the (integral) container 101, the first nominal dimension of the opposing faces of the power conversion area 902 and the heat exchange area 904 is three meters (ten feet). The depicted vertical dimension perpendicular thereto is 2.6 meters (8 feet 6 inches), and the remaining vertical dimension is 2.4 meters (8 feet). Such nominal dimensions may not include flaps, shrouds, etc. However, these parts may be removable to facilitate their transport. For example, the container 101 may include a storage area to accommodate such components.

[0125] In some embodiments, the container 101 includes or interfaces with the fire suppression system 108. For example, the container 101 can include a user interface for the fire suppression system 108 on the first side or the second side (e.g., opposite sides of the power conversion area 902 and the heat exchange area 904), such as on one of the first side or the second side. The user interface can be configured to receive input to cause the fire suppression system 108 to release suppressant configured to manage thermal events in the battery system 203.

[0126] In some embodiments, the energy storage system 102 is a battery system 203 that includes battery cells in an energy storage area 906. The battery cells can be thermally coupled to a fluid (e.g., to exchange heat between the battery cells and a heat exchanger 210 of a cooling system). In some embodiments, the second side (e.g., the back side 910) of the container 101 is opposite the first side. The heat exchanger 210 can be configured to receive fluid from the energy storage area 906, which is positioned between the first and second sides of the container 101. The heat exchanger 210 can transfer heat from the fluid to an outer surface of the container 101 so that the heat is discharged from the outer surface. In some embodiments, the container 101 includes a coolant circuit that includes a fluid channel configured to transfer fluid between the heat exchanger and the battery system 203. The container 101 can include a fan that is configured to exhaust air to generate a negative pressure within the container 101.

[0127] The container 101 (e.g., energy storage area 906) can include multiple (e.g., a plurality of) sub-areas. The sub-areas can include mounting rails 602 and assembly members 606 configured to receive various energy storage modules (e.g., battery packs 604) of the battery system 203. Each of the plurality of energy storage modules can include a plurality of battery cells. A DC link (e.g., of a PCS) can be coupled to a plurality of energy storage modules of the plurality of energy storage modules, the plurality of energy storage modules being connected in series.

[0128] The DC link can be coupled to a plurality of energy storage modules connected in series. In some embodiments, the container 101 includes a cooling system 106 fluidically coupled to each of the plurality of energy storage modules. Each of the energy storage modules can be positioned and / or arranged along an exterior accessible surface of the container 101 and can be removed from the exterior accessible surface of the container 101 (this can include decoupling fluid connections or electrical connections).

[0129] The controller 110 may perform operations as described with reference to other instances of the container 101 or associated CESS 100. For example, the controller 110 may detect the number of parallel groups of battery cells and control the charging rate of the battery system 203 based on the detected number. In addition, the controller 110 may be configured to receive an indication of power availability from a source device 132 configured to receive an AC output power signal, the indication being embedded in the DC output power signal. The controller 110 may detect the SoC of the energy storage system 102 (as previously described with reference to FIG. Figure 8800). The controller 110 may select between providing an AC output power signal and a DC output power signal based on an indication embedded in the DC output power signal and the SoC. Similarly, as shown in FIG. Figure 8 As further indicated by method 800 , PCS 104 of power conversion region 902 may include a first circuit configured to receive energy from battery system 203 while a second circuit provides energy to the battery system.

[0130] Figure 9B is with Figure 9A The same container 101 relative to Figure 9A As depicted, any of a fire suppression circuit 536, an open or closed fluid coolant loop (e.g., liquid coolant of a refrigeration loop 538 including distinct supply lines 920 and return lines 922), or an electrical connection such as to a DC link via a battery box 607 may be provided to the battery module. The provision of the fire suppression circuit 536, refrigeration loop 538, or electrical connection may be provided directly or via a chassis component such as a mounting bracket, a cold plate, or air or liquid passages for the refrigerant.

[0131] Figure 10 is a flow chart illustrating a method 1000 for containerized energy delivery for a containerized energy storage system according to some embodiments. The method 1000 may be performed as provided herein. Figures 1 to 7 or Figures 9A to 9B The method 1000 may be performed by one or more systems or components depicted in FIG. 1000 (eg, the CESS 100 or its controller 110). According to various embodiments, the method 1000 may include additional, fewer, or different operations.

[0132] At operation 1002, method 1000 includes providing an alternating current (AC) output power signal generated from battery system 203 via power conversion circuitry in a power conversion region of the container. Providing the AC output power signal may be performed in (or defined by) an operating mode.

[0133] The first operating mode may refer to one of various operating modes of the CESS 100. The method 1000 may include alternating between the plurality of operating modes based on a detected condition of or associated with the CESS 100 (e.g., based on operation of the controller 110). For example, the method 1000 may include receiving an indication of cessation of the operating mode corresponding to providing the AC output power signal (e.g., based on any of the threshold data 124). In response to the indication, the method 1000 may include terminating the provision of the AC output power signal to charge the battery cells of the battery system 203 using energy received from the source device.

[0134] The controller 110 may operate within or between operating modes based on detected conditions (e.g., temperature, current, voltage, or charge associated therewith) of the CESS 100. For example, the controller 110 may detect the number of battery modules and control the charge rate or discharge rate of the battery system 203 based on the detected number.

[0135] At operation 1004, method 1000 includes exchanging heat generated by the power conversion circuitry between battery cells of battery system 203 and an exterior surface of the container via a fluid (e.g., a liquid refrigerant), the battery cells being disposed in an energy storage area of ​​container 101, the energy storage area being disposed between power conversion area 204 and heat exchange area 208, and the exterior surface of the container. The battery cells may be positioned in the energy storage area of ​​container 101, the energy storage area being positioned between the power conversion area and the heat exchange area. The battery cells may be electrically coupled to a DC link (e.g., to provide energy thereto or receive energy therefrom). In some embodiments, method 1000 includes circulating a fluid through a closed loop including a heat exchanger along the exterior surface.

[0136] Based on the status of the CESS 100 or the interface components, the method 1000 may include operations of any other components discussed herein. Operations may be performed according to instructions from the controller 110. For example, in some embodiments, the controller monitors a first condition of the container (e.g., temperature, or detection of flames or smoke). In some embodiments, the controller 110 also monitors a second condition of a user interface located on any side of the container 101 (e.g., the first side or the second side). In some embodiments, the controller 110 generates a control signal for the fire suppression system 108 based on the first condition and the second condition (e.g., a logical sum (OR) thereof).

[0137] As used herein, the terms "approximately," "about," "substantially," and similar terms are intended to have the broadest meaning consistent with commonly accepted usage by persons of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of this disclosure pertains. Those skilled in the art who review this disclosure should understand that these terms are intended to allow a description of certain features described and claimed without limiting the scope of those features to the precise numerical ranges provided. Accordingly, these terms should be interpreted as indicating that insubstantial or inconsequential modifications or alterations to the subject matter described and claimed are considered to be within the scope of the disclosure as recited in the appended claims.

[0138] It should be noted that the term "exemplary" and variations thereof, as used herein to describe various embodiments, are intended to indicate that these embodiments are possible examples, representations, or illustrations of possible embodiments (and these terms are not intended to imply that these embodiments are necessarily particular or superlative examples).

[0139] As used herein, the term "coupled" and its variations refer to two components being directly or indirectly connected to each other. This connection can be static (e.g., permanent or fixed) or movable (e.g., removable or releasable). This connection can be achieved by directly coupling the two components to each other, by coupling the two components to each other using one or more separate intermediate components, or by coupling the two components to each other using an intermediate component that is integrally formed as a single, unitary body with one of the two components. If "coupled" or its variations are modified by additional terms (e.g., directly coupled), the general definition of "coupled" provided above is modified by the plain language meaning of the additional terms (e.g., "directly coupled" means the connection of the two components without any separate intermediate components), resulting in a narrower definition than the general definition of "coupled" provided above. This coupling can be mechanical, electrical, or fluidic. For example, circuit A being communicatively "coupled" to circuit B can mean that circuit A communicates directly with circuit B (i.e., without an intermediary) or indirectly with circuit B (e.g., through one or more intermediaries).

[0140] References to element positions herein (e.g., "top," "bottom," "above," "below") are intended only to describe the orientation of the various elements in the drawings. It should be noted that the orientation of the various elements may differ according to other exemplary embodiments, and such variations are intended to be encompassed by the present disclosure.

[0141] References to "or" may be interpreted as inclusive, such that any term described using "or" may indicate any of a single, more than one, and all of the described terms. References to at least one term in a conjunctive list of terms may be interpreted as inclusive "or" to indicate any of a single, more than one, and all of the described terms. For example, a reference to "at least one of "A" and "B"" may include only "A," only "B," and both "A" and "B." Such references used in conjunction with "including" or other open terms may include additional items.

[0142] Although the drawings and description may show a specific order of method steps, the order of these steps may vary from that depicted and described, unless otherwise specified above. In addition, two or more steps may be performed simultaneously or partially simultaneously, unless otherwise specified above. For example, such variations may depend on the software and hardware systems selected and the designer's choice. All such variations are within the scope of this disclosure. Similarly, software implementations of the described methods can be accomplished using standard programming techniques with rule-based logic and other logic to accomplish the various connection steps, processing steps, comparison steps, and decision steps.

[0143] It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the CESS 100 as shown in the various exemplary embodiments is illustrative only. Furthermore, any element disclosed in one embodiment may be combined or used with any other embodiment disclosed herein. Although only one example of an element from one embodiment being combined or utilized in another embodiment is described above, it should be understood that other elements of the various embodiments may be combined or used with any other embodiment disclosed herein.

[0144] This application provides content including the following terms.

[0145] Clause 1. A system for containerized energy delivery, comprising:

[0146] A container comprising:

[0147] Energy storage systems;

[0148] a power conversion system in a power conversion zone along a first side of the container, the power conversion system configured to convert an AC input power signal to a DC output power signal and to an AC output power signal; and

[0149] a cooling system comprising a heat exchanger in a heat exchange region along a second side of the container, the second side opposite the first side, the heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between: (i) a plurality of components of the energy storage system positioned within the container in an energy storage region positioned between the heat exchange region and the power conversion region, and (ii) an environment external to the container.

[0150] Clause 2. The system of clause 1, wherein:

[0151] The power conversion system includes a DC link;

[0152] The plurality of components include a plurality of battery cells, the plurality of battery cells being coupled to the DC link;

[0153] the container comprising a fluid channel in the energy storage region, the fluid channel being configured to transfer the heat to a fluid in the fluid channel; and

[0154] The heat exchanger is configured as follows:

[0155] receiving the fluid from the fluid channel; and

[0156] The heat is transferred from the fluid to the environment.

[0157] Clause 3. The system of clause 2, wherein the power conversion system is configured to generate the AC output power signal and the DC output power signal from the DC link.

[0158] Clause 4. The system of clause 2, wherein:

[0159] The power conversion system includes a first circuit configured to couple a first output terminal of the power conversion system with the DC link based on galvanic isolation of a transformer between the first output terminal and the DC link, the transformer being positioned in the power conversion region, the first circuit including at least one of the following:

[0160] an inverter configured to generate the AC output power signal using energy received from the DC link; or

[0161] a converter configured to generate the DC output power signal using energy received from the DC link; and

[0162] The power conversion system includes a second circuit vertically spaced apart from the first circuit, the second circuit configured to couple a second output of the power conversion system with the DC link.

[0163] Clause 5. The system of clause 4, further comprising a controller configured to cause at least one of the first circuit or the second circuit to transfer energy from the DC link to the energy storage system based on a state of the energy storage system.

[0164] Clause 6. The system of any one of clauses 1, 3, or 4, further comprising a controller configured to:

[0165] detecting the number and arrangement of a plurality of battery modules stored in a plurality of sub-areas of the energy storage area; and

[0166] Charging or discharging of the energy storage system is controlled based on the detected quantity and arrangement, wherein the energy storage system is a battery storage system and the plurality of components of the energy storage system are battery cells of the plurality of battery modules.

[0167] Clause 7. The system of any one of clauses 1 to 6, wherein:

[0168] a first nominal dimension between the first side and the second side of 6.1 meters or twenty feet;

[0169] a second nominal dimension of the container, perpendicular to the first nominal dimension, is 2.6 meters or eight feet six inches; and

[0170] A third nominal dimension of the container, perpendicular to the first nominal dimension and the second nominal dimension, is 2.4 meters or 8 feet.

[0171] Clause 8. The system of any one of clauses 1 to 3, further comprising a controller configured to:

[0172] receiving an indication of power availability from a source device configured to receive the AC output power signal;

[0173] detecting a state of charge (SoC) of the energy storage system; and

[0174] Based on the indication and the SoC, a selection is made between providing the AC output power signal and the DC output power signal.

[0175] Clause 9. The system of clause 1, wherein the power conversion system further comprises a plurality of circuits, the plurality of circuits comprising:

[0176] a first circuit configured to provide the AC output power signal simultaneously with the DC output power signal being provided by a second circuit; and

[0177] the second circuit.

[0178] Clause 10. The system of Clause 2, wherein the heat exchanger is a condenser of a refrigerator, the fluid comprises a refrigerant, and the cooling system further comprises a compressor configured to compress the refrigerant.

[0179] Clause 11. A container for energy delivery, comprising:

[0180] a battery system in an energy storage area of ​​the container;

[0181] a power conversion system in a power conversion zone along a first side of the container, the power conversion system configured to convert an AC input power signal into a DC output power signal and an AC output power signal, the DC output power signal being configured to recharge battery cells of the battery system; and

[0182] A heat exchanger is located in a heat exchange zone along the second side of the container.

[0183] Clause 12. A container according to clause 11, wherein:

[0184] a first nominal dimension between opposing faces of the power conversion region and the heat exchange region of 3 meters or 10 feet;

[0185] a second nominal dimension of the container, perpendicular to the first nominal dimension, is 2.6 meters or eight feet six inches; and

[0186] A third nominal dimension of the container, perpendicular to the first nominal dimension and the second nominal dimension, is 2.4 meters or 8 feet.

[0187] Clause 13. The container of any one of clauses 11 to 12, wherein the battery cells are thermally coupled to a fluid; and

[0188] The container includes a user interface for a fire suppression system at one of the first side or the second side, the user interface configured to receive input to cause the fire suppression system to release a fire suppressant configured to manage a thermal event of the battery system.

[0189] Clause 14. The container of clause 11, wherein the second side is opposite to the first side, and the heat exchanger is configured as:

[0190] receiving fluid from the energy storage area of ​​the container, the energy storage area being positioned between the first side and the second side; and

[0191] Heat is transferred from the fluid to an exterior surface of the container such that the heat is removed from the exterior surface.

[0192] Clause 15. The container of Clause 11, wherein the container comprises:

[0193] a coolant circuit comprising a fluid channel configured to transfer fluid between the heat exchanger and the battery system; and

[0194] A fan is configured to exhaust air to create a negative pressure within the container.

[0195] Clause 16. The container according to Clause 15, comprising:

[0196] a plurality of sub-areas comprising mounting rails and assembly members configured to receive a plurality of energy storage modules of the battery system, each of the plurality of energy storage modules comprising a plurality of battery cells, wherein:

[0197] A DC link is coupled to a plurality of energy storage modules of the plurality of energy storage modules, the plurality of energy storage modules being connected in series.

[0198] Clause 17. A container according to clause 16, wherein the container includes a cooling system, which is fluidly coupled to each of the plurality of energy storage modules via a fluid coupling of each of the plurality of energy storage modules, wherein each of the plurality of energy storage modules is arranged along an external access surface of the container and can be removed through the external access surface of the container.

[0199] Clause 18. The container of clause 11, further comprising a controller configured to:

[0200] the number of parallel groups of battery cells being tested; and

[0201] A charging rate of the battery system is controlled based on the detected quantity.

[0202] Clause 19. The container of clause 11, further comprising a controller configured to:

[0203] receiving an indication of power availability from a source device configured to receive the AC output power signal, the indication embedded in the DC output power signal;

[0204] detecting the state of charge (SoC) of the battery system; and

[0205] A selection is made between providing the AC output power signal and the DC output power signal based on the indication embedded in the DC output power signal and the SoC.

[0206] Clause 20. The container of Clause 11, wherein the power conversion system comprises a first circuit and a second circuit, the first circuit being configured to receive energy from the battery system while the second circuit provides energy to the battery system.

[0207] Clause 21. A method for containerized energy delivery, comprising:

[0208] providing an alternating current (AC) output power signal generated from the battery system via power conversion circuitry in a power conversion region of the container; and

[0209] Heat generated by the power conversion circuitry is exchanged between battery cells of the battery system and an exterior surface of the container via a fluid, the battery cells being positioned in an energy storage area of ​​the container, the energy storage area being positioned between the power conversion area and a heat exchange area.

[0210] Clause 22. The method of clause 21, further comprising:

[0211] receiving an indication of a cessation of an operating mode corresponding to provision of the AC output power signal;

[0212] terminating said providing of said AC output power signal in response to said indication; and

[0213] After the termination, a DC power signal is provided to charge the battery cells of the battery system using energy received from a source device.

[0214] Clause 23. The method of clause 21, further comprising:

[0215] The fluid is circulated through a closed circuit including a heat exchanger along the outer surface.

[0216] Clause 24. The method of clause 21, further comprising:

[0217] Detecting the number of battery modules; and

[0218] Based on the detected quantity, a charging rate or a discharging rate of the battery system is controlled.

[0219] Clause 25. The method of clause 21, further comprising:

[0220] monitoring, via a controller, a first condition of the container;

[0221] monitoring, via the controller, a second condition of a user interface positioned at one of the first side or the second side; and

[0222] Based on the first condition and the second condition, a control signal for a fire suppression system is generated.

Claims

1. A system for containerized energy delivery, comprising: A container comprising: Energy storage systems; a power conversion system in a power conversion zone along a first side of the container, the power conversion system configured to convert an AC input power signal to a DC output power signal and to an AC output power signal; and a cooling system comprising a heat exchanger in a heat exchange region along a second side of the container, the second side opposite the first side, the heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between: (i) a plurality of components of the energy storage system positioned within the container in an energy storage region positioned between the heat exchange region and the power conversion region, and (ii) an environment external to the container.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein: The power conversion system includes a DC link; The plurality of components include a plurality of battery cells, the plurality of battery cells being coupled to the DC link; the container comprising a fluid channel in the energy storage region, the fluid channel configured to transfer the heat to a fluid in the fluid channel; and The heat exchanger is configured as follows: receiving the fluid from the fluid channel; and The heat is transferred from the fluid to the environment.

3. The system according to claim 2, wherein: The power conversion system is configured to generate the AC output power signal and the DC output power signal from the DC link.

4. The system of claim 2, wherein: The power conversion system includes a first circuit configured to couple a first output terminal of the power conversion system with the DC link based on galvanic isolation of a transformer between the first output terminal and the DC link, the transformer being positioned in the power conversion region, the first circuit including at least one of the following: an inverter configured to generate the AC output power signal using energy received from the DC link; or a converter configured to generate the DC output power signal using energy received from the DC link; and The power conversion system includes a second circuit vertically spaced apart from the first circuit, the second circuit configured to couple a second output of the power conversion system with the DC link.

5. The system of claim 4, further comprising a controller configured to cause at least one of the first circuit or the second circuit to transfer energy from the DC link to the energy storage system based on a state of the energy storage system.

6. The system according to any one of claims 1, 3 or 4, further comprising a controller configured to: detecting the number and arrangement of a plurality of battery modules stored in a plurality of sub-areas of the energy storage area; and The charging or discharging of the energy storage system is controlled based on the detected quantity and arrangement, wherein The energy storage system is a battery storage system, and the plurality of components of the energy storage system are battery cells of the plurality of battery modules.

7. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: a first nominal dimension between the first side and the second side of 6.1 meters or twenty feet; a second nominal dimension of the container, perpendicular to the first nominal dimension, is 2.6 meters or eight feet six inches; and A third nominal dimension of the container, perpendicular to the first nominal dimension and the second nominal dimension, is 2.4 meters or 8 feet.

8. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a controller configured to: receiving an indication of power availability from a source device configured to receive the AC output power signal; detecting a state of charge (SoC) of the energy storage system; and Based on the indication and the SoC, a selection is made between providing the AC output power signal and the DC output power signal.

9. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The power conversion system further includes a plurality of circuits, wherein the plurality of circuits include: a first circuit configured to provide the AC output power signal simultaneously with the DC output power signal being provided by a second circuit; and the second circuit.

10. The system according to claim 2, wherein: The heat exchanger is a condenser of a refrigerator, the fluid includes a refrigerant, and the cooling system further includes a compressor configured to compress the refrigerant.

11. A container for energy delivery, comprising: a battery system in an energy storage area of ​​the container; a power conversion system in a power conversion zone along a first side of the container, the power conversion system configured to convert an AC input power signal into a DC output power signal and an AC output power signal, the DC output power signal configured to recharge battery cells of the battery system; and A heat exchanger is located in a heat exchange zone along the second side of the container.

12. The container according to claim 11, wherein: a first nominal dimension between opposing faces of the power conversion region and the heat exchange region of 3 meters or 10 feet; a second nominal dimension of the container, perpendicular to the first nominal dimension, is 2.6 meters or eight feet six inches; and A third nominal dimension of the container, perpendicular to the first nominal dimension and the second nominal dimension, is 2.4 meters or 8 feet.

13. The container according to any one of claims 11 to 12, wherein: The battery cell is thermally coupled to the fluid; and The container includes a user interface for a fire suppression system at one of the first side or the second side, the user interface configured to receive input to cause the fire suppression system to release a fire suppressant configured to manage a thermal event of the battery system.

14. The container according to claim 11, wherein: The second surface is opposite to the first surface, and the heat exchanger is configured as follows: receiving a fluid from the energy storage area of ​​the container, the energy storage area being positioned between the first side and the second side; and Heat is transferred from the fluid to an exterior surface of the container such that the heat is removed from the exterior surface.

15. The container according to claim 11, wherein: The container comprises: a coolant circuit comprising a fluid channel configured to transfer fluid between the heat exchanger and the battery system; and A fan is configured to exhaust air to create a negative pressure within the container.

16. The container according to claim 15, comprising: a plurality of sub-areas comprising mounting rails and assembly members configured to receive a plurality of energy storage modules of the battery system, each of the plurality of energy storage modules comprising a plurality of battery cells, wherein: A DC link is coupled to a plurality of energy storage modules of the plurality of energy storage modules, the plurality of energy storage modules being connected in series.

17. The container according to claim 16, wherein: The container includes a cooling system fluidly coupled to each of the plurality of energy storage modules via a fluid coupling of each of the plurality of energy storage modules, wherein each of the plurality of energy storage modules is disposed along and removable through an exterior accessible surface of the container.

18. The container of claim 11, further comprising a controller configured to: the number of parallel groups of battery cells being tested; and A charging rate of the battery system is controlled based on the detected quantity.

19. The container of claim 11, further comprising a controller configured to: receiving an indication of power availability from a source device configured to receive the AC output power signal, the indication embedded in the DC output power signal; Detecting the state of charge (SoC) of the battery system; and A selection is made between providing the AC output power signal and the DC output power signal based on the indication embedded in the DC output power signal and the SoC.

20. The container of claim 11, wherein: The power conversion system includes a first circuit and a second circuit, the first circuit being configured to receive energy from the battery system while the second circuit provides energy to the battery system.

21. A method for containerized energy delivery, comprising: providing an alternating current (AC) output power signal generated from the battery system via power conversion circuitry in a power conversion region of the container; and Heat generated by the power conversion circuitry is exchanged between battery cells of the battery system and an exterior surface of the container via a fluid, the battery cells being positioned in an energy storage area of ​​the container, the energy storage area being positioned between the power conversion area and a heat exchange area.

22. The method according to claim 21, further comprising: receiving an indication of a cessation of an operating mode corresponding to provision of the AC output power signal; terminating the providing of the AC output power signal in response to the indication; and After the termination, a DC power signal is provided to charge the battery cells of the battery system using energy received from a source device.

23. The method of claim 21, further comprising: The fluid is circulated through a closed circuit including a heat exchanger along the outer surface.

24. The method of claim 21, further comprising: Detect the number of battery modules; and Based on the detected quantity, a charging rate or a discharging rate of the battery system is controlled.

25. The method of claim 21 , further comprising: monitoring, via a controller, a first condition of the container; monitoring, via the controller, a second condition of a user interface positioned at one of the first side or the second side; and Based on the first condition and the second condition, a control signal for a fire suppression system is generated.

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