A photovoltaic module and photovoltaic system

Abstract

The application discloses a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system. The photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of cell pieces and an interconnecting piece. The plurality of cell pieces are arranged along a first direction, and the interconnecting piece is arranged on the cell pieces and electrically connected to adjacent cell pieces. A plurality of spaced-apart conductive connecting layers are arranged between the interconnecting piece and the cell pieces, and the interconnecting piece is electrically connected to the cell pieces through the conductive connecting layers. At least part of the positions between the interconnecting piece and the cell pieces are provided with gaps between two adjacent conductive connecting layers. In this way, stray light can be irradiated into the gaps and reflected multiple times on the surface of the cell pieces and the surface of the interconnecting piece, so that resonance enhancement is generated to be absorbed by the cell pieces, thereby increasing the light absorption rate of the cell pieces. In addition, the photovoltaic module structure of the application can be realized by optimizing the local structure of the photovoltaic module based on the existing process, without introducing new equipment and new materials, and without increasing the product cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of photovoltaic technology, specifically relating to a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic modules are the core components of photovoltaic power generation systems. Photovoltaic modules convert solar energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. During the photovoltaic power generation process, only a portion of sunlight is absorbed and converted by the solar cells in the module. Some sunlight will pass through the gaps between the solar cells or be scattered or reflected in other forms and cannot be effectively utilized.

[0003] In related technologies, reflective strips are placed at the gaps between solar cells in the module to guide light passing through the gaps and reflect it onto the solar cells, thereby enhancing light management efficiency. However, placing reflective strips not only increases manufacturing costs but also causes microcracks in the solar cells, affecting the module's yield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to provide a photovoltaic module that can solve the problem in related technologies where enhancing light management efficiency by setting reflective strips increases manufacturing costs and easily leads to microcracks in the solar cells.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application is implemented as follows: In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a photovoltaic module, comprising: a plurality of solar cells and interconnects; The plurality of solar cells are arranged along a first direction, and the interconnecting member is disposed on the solar cells and electrically connects adjacent solar cells. A plurality of conductive connection layers are provided between one of the interconnecting components and the battery cell, and the interconnecting component is electrically connected to the battery cell through the conductive connection layers; at least a portion of the interconnecting component and the battery cell have gaps between adjacent conductive connection layers.

[0006] Optionally, along the thickness direction of the battery cell, the height of the gap is less than or equal to 100 μm and greater than or equal to 0 μm; Alternatively, the height of the gap may range from 0.36 μm to 89.3 μm.

[0007] Optionally, the height L of the gap satisfies the following formula:

[0008] Where n is the refractive index of the medium within the gap, m is a positive integer, λ1 is the wavelength of light usable by the solar cell entering the gap, and Δλ is the minimum interval between adjacent resonant modes.

[0009] Optionally, along the extending direction of the interconnect, the gap has at least a first position and a second position, and the height of the gap at the first position is greater than the height at the second position; And / or, the height difference between the gap at the first position and at the second position is: 0.1μm-88μm; And / or, there are height differences at at least three locations within one of the gaps.

[0010] Optionally, along the extending direction of the interconnect, a plurality of conductive connection layers are provided between the interconnect and the battery cell; there is a gap between two adjacent conductive connection layers, and at least two gaps are provided under one interconnect; And / or, between partially adjacent conductive connection layers, the interconnects are in partial contact with the battery cell.

[0011] Optionally, an insulating layer is further provided between the interconnect and the battery cell, and the battery cell, the interconnect, the conductive connection layer and the insulating layer form the gap.

[0012] Optionally, the insulating layer fills at least a portion of the gap between the interconnect and the battery cell, or the insulating layer is disposed on the side of the interconnect.

[0013] Optionally, the surface of the interconnect facing the gap has an undulating structure; And / or, the surface of the battery cell facing the gap has an undulating structure.

[0014] Optionally, along the thickness direction of the battery cell, the height difference between the highest and lowest points in the undulating structure is between 0.05 μm and 10 μm.

[0015] Optionally, the interconnect has protruding tin particles on the side surface facing the gap; And / or, the surface of the battery cell facing the gap has a velvety texture.

[0016] Optionally, the conductive connection layer has an uneven surface structure on the side facing the gap.

[0017] Optionally, the photovoltaic module includes at least one of the following conditions: A. Along the extending direction of the interconnect, a plurality of gaps are formed between the same interconnect and the battery cell, and at least two of the gaps have different heights; B. The battery cell is provided with a plurality of interconnecting elements, including a first interconnecting element and a second interconnecting element. A gap formed between the first interconnecting element and the battery cell is a first gap, and a gap formed between the second interconnecting element and the battery cell is a second gap. The heights of the first gap and the second gap are not equal. C. The plurality of battery cells include a first battery cell and a second battery cell, a gap formed on the first battery cell is a third gap, a gap formed on the second battery cell is a fourth gap, and the heights of the third gap and the fourth gap are not equal.

[0018] Optionally, the photovoltaic module further includes an encapsulating adhesive layer; the encapsulating adhesive layer fills at least a portion of the gap. And / or, the encapsulating adhesive layer is provided between the side of the interconnect and the battery cell.

[0019] Optionally, the refractive index of the encapsulating adhesive layer is 1.4-1.5; And / or, the height of the encapsulating adhesive layer located within the gap is 0.5μm-100μm.

[0020] Optionally, the conductive connection layer has a first slope on at least one side along the first direction; And / or, the conductive connection layer has a second slope on at least one side along the second direction, the second direction intersecting the first direction.

[0021] Optionally, the first inclined surface has a first angle with the surface of the battery cell, and the second inclined surface has a second angle with the surface of the battery cell, wherein the first angle and the second angle are not equal; And / or, the surface roughness of the first inclined surface is greater than or equal to 20 nm; And / or, the surface roughness of the second inclined surface is greater than or equal to 20 nm.

[0022] Optionally, an electrode is provided on the battery cell at a position corresponding to the gap, and the electrode protrudes from the surface of the battery cell.

[0023] Optionally, the height of the electrode protruding from the surface of the battery cell is 2μm-35μm.

[0024] Optionally, the interconnect is a flat solder strip; And / or, the width of the interconnect is greater than the thickness of the interconnect; And / or, the width of the interconnect is 0.2mm-1mm, and the thickness of the interconnect is 0.1mm-0.5mm.

[0025] Optionally, the back of the battery cell is provided with an electrode, or the front and back of the battery cell are provided with electrodes, and the interconnect is electrically connected to the electrode through the conductive connection layer; And / or, the photovoltaic module is a double-sided glass photovoltaic module.

[0026] Secondly, embodiments of this application propose a photovoltaic system including multiple electrically connected photovoltaic modules, wherein the photovoltaic modules are the photovoltaic modules described in the first aspect.

[0027] In the embodiments of this application, interconnecting elements are provided on the surface of the solar cells to achieve electrical connection between adjacent solar cells, thereby connecting the solar cells to form a string. A conductive connection layer is provided between the interconnecting elements and the solar cells, and the interconnecting elements are electrically connected to the solar cells through the conductive connection layer. At least a partial gap exists between the interconnecting elements and the solar cells. In this way, an optical cavity effect can be formed at the gap, allowing stray light to illuminate the gap and undergo multiple reflections from the surface of the solar cells and the surface of the interconnecting elements, resulting in resonance enhancement so that it can be absorbed and utilized by the solar cells, thereby increasing the light absorption rate of the solar cells and improving the efficiency of the photovoltaic module. In addition, the photovoltaic module structure of this application can be implemented based on existing processes by optimizing the local structure of the photovoltaic module, without introducing new equipment and new materials, and without increasing product costs.

[0028] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the optical cavity effect formed in a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the interconnecting device and the battery cell according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is one of the side cross-sectional views of a photovoltaic module at the conductive connection layer according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a second side cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module at the conductive connection layer according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the interconnecting element and the battery cell along its extension direction according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6This is a cross-sectional view of a structure of an interconnect according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is one of the cross-sectional views of a photovoltaic module at the connection between the interconnect and the solar cell according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a second cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module at the connection between the interconnect and the solar cell according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a resonant wavelength distribution diagram of a photovoltaic module with different gap heights according to an embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure label: 10: Battery cell; 10a: First battery cell; 10b: Second battery cell; 11: Gap; a: First position; b: Second position; L: Height of the gap; 20: Interconnector; 20a: First interconnector; 20b: Second interconnector; 201: Undulated structure; 30: Conductive connection layer; 301: First inclined surface; 302: Second inclined surface; A1: First included angle; A2: Second included angle; 40: Encapsulating adhesive layer; 50: Electrode; X: First direction; Y: Second direction; Z: Third direction. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail. Examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0032] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of this application may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more. Furthermore, "and / or" in the specification and claims indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0033] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0034] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0035] Before introducing the photovoltaic modules provided in the embodiments of this application, the application scenarios of photovoltaic modules will be explained first: In photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems, the actual power generation of PV modules is affected by various types of light: on the one hand, a large amount of sunlight directly hits the front of the PV module; on the other hand, sunlight is reflected from the ground and shines on the back of the PV module. Furthermore, due to the spacing between the cells and strings on the front of the PV module, some light passes through the gaps and cannot be directly absorbed by the module. Generally, light that does not directly hit the front or back of the PV module is defined as stray light. Efficient utilization of stray light passing through and existing within the module is crucial for improving the power output of PV modules.

[0036] In related technologies, the utilization of gap light is achieved by adding reflective strips at the corresponding gaps in photovoltaic modules. This guides the light passing through the gaps to be reflected back onto the solar cells, thereby enhancing light management efficiency and increasing module power. However, the introduction of reflective strips significantly increases the risk of microcracks in the module manufacturing process, affecting product yield. Furthermore, it necessitates the introduction of new processing equipment, increasing module costs.

[0037] Effective utilization of ground-reflected light primarily involves reducing shading on the back of the components, such as by reducing the width of the solder strips and grid lines. However, these measures require a balance between electrical transmission performance and optical exposure area, and the actual results are not ideal.

[0038] Therefore, this application provides a photovoltaic module to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art. The photovoltaic module provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0039] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, a photovoltaic module according to some embodiments of this application includes: a plurality of solar cells 10 and interconnecting elements 20; the plurality of solar cells 10 are arranged along a first direction X, the interconnecting elements 20 are disposed on the solar cells 10 and electrically connected to adjacent solar cells 10, a plurality of spaced conductive connection layers 30 are provided between an interconnecting element 20 and a solar cell 10, and the interconnecting element 20 is electrically connected to the solar cell 10 through the conductive connection layers 30; at least a gap 11 is provided between the interconnecting element 20 and the solar cell 10 at a position between two adjacent conductive connection layers 30.

[0040] In this embodiment, interconnecting elements 20 are provided on the surface of the solar cells 10 to electrically connect adjacent solar cells 10, thereby connecting the solar cells 10 to form a string. A conductive connection layer 30 is provided between the interconnecting elements 20 and the solar cells 10, and the interconnecting elements 20 are electrically connected to the solar cells 10 through the conductive connection layer 30. At least a partial area between the interconnecting elements 20 and the solar cells 10 has a gap 11. In this way, an optical cavity effect can be formed at the gap 11, allowing stray light to illuminate the gap 11 and undergo multiple reflections from the surfaces of the solar cells 10 and the interconnecting elements 20, resulting in resonance enhancement so that it can be absorbed and utilized by the solar cells 10, thereby increasing the light absorption rate of the solar cells 10 and improving the efficiency of the photovoltaic module. In addition, the photovoltaic module structure of this application can be implemented based on existing processes by optimizing the local structure of the photovoltaic module, without introducing new equipment and materials, and without increasing product costs.

[0041] Specifically, such as Figure 2As shown, in the manufacturing process of photovoltaic modules, multiple solar cells 10 are connected in series along a first direction X to form a cell string using interconnecting elements 20, such as solder ribbons. These cell strings are then connected in series and parallel along a second direction Y to form a cell layer. Thus, multiple interconnecting elements 20 can connect the solar cells 10 to form a series circuit. Electrodes (not shown) are provided on the surface of the solar cells 10. The interconnecting elements 20 are electrically connected to the electrodes, and a conductive connection layer 30 is provided between the interconnecting elements 20 and the electrodes. The conductive connection layer 30 improves the connection performance between the interconnecting elements 20 and the electrodes. At least a partial gap 11 exists between the interconnecting elements 20 and the solar cells 10 between the two conductive connection layers 30. This forms a Fabry-Perot cavity-like structure between the interconnecting elements 20 and the solar cells 10. The surfaces of the interconnecting elements 20 and the solar cells 10 act as two reflective surfaces. When stray light from within the photovoltaic module enters the gap 11, it is reflected multiple times by the surfaces of the interconnecting elements 20 and the solar cells 10, resulting in interference, resonance, and other interactions. Light within a specific wavelength range exhibits a resonance enhancement effect, also known as the optical cavity effect.

[0042] In the photovoltaic module manufacturing process, when interconnecting the cells 10 using interconnecting components 20, gaps 11 exist at least partially between two adjacent conductive connection layers 30, that is, between two connection points between the interconnecting component 20 and the cells 10. This gap 11 can form a light cavity effect, thereby increasing the absorption of stray light by the cells 10, improving the light management efficiency inside the photovoltaic module, and thus improving the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0043] Understandably, multiple solar cells 10 are electrically connected via interconnects 20 to form a cell string. These cell strings are then connected in series and parallel to form the cell layer of a photovoltaic module. An encapsulating film layer, a front panel, and a back panel are then laid on both sides of the cell layer. After lamination, a photovoltaic module can be manufactured. For example, 12 cell strings can be connected in series and parallel to form the cell layer of a photovoltaic module.

[0044] The surface of the solar cell 10 is provided with positive and negative fine grid electrodes extending along the second direction Y and arranged along the first direction X to collect the current generated by the solar cell 10. The surface of the solar cell 10 is also provided with pads to electrically connect the positive and negative fine grid electrodes and the interconnect 20. Preferably, a main grid or conductive connection line may also be provided between the pads.

[0045] The conductive connection layer 30 is formed of a conductive material and mainly serves as an electrical connection between the interconnect 20 and the electrodes on the battery cell 10. In practical applications, the interconnect 20 and the electrodes on the battery cell 10 can be connected by means of welding, etc. By using a flux material (such as solder paste) to form multiple electrical connection points at intervals on the electrodes, the conductive connection layer 30 can correspond one-to-one with the electrical connection points. The conductive connection layer 30 welds the interconnect 20 to the electrical connection points to achieve the electrical connection between the interconnect 20 and the battery cell 10. The structure formed after welding at the electrical connection points is the conductive connection layer 30.

[0046] The interconnect 20 can be a solder strip, which includes a core metal wire and an outer solder layer; or it can be an electrical connection layer on a conductive backplane. When the interconnect 20 is a solder strip, the extension direction of the interconnect 20, i.e., its length direction, is the same as the first direction X.

[0047] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, by setting the width of the interconnect 20 to be greater than the thickness of the interconnect 20, the interconnect 20 is made to have a flat structure. At this time, the surface of the interconnect 20 facing the battery cell 10 is a planar surface. Compared with the arc surface, this can ensure that more light entering the gap 11 can be reflected by the surface of the interconnect 20 to form a light cavity effect.

[0048] The width of the interconnect 20 refers to the average width of the interconnect 20 along the direction parallel to the surface of the battery cell 10 and perpendicular to the extension direction of the interconnect 20, and the thickness of the interconnect 20 refers to the average thickness of the interconnect 20 along the direction perpendicular to the surface of the battery cell 10.

[0049] Specifically, the width of the interconnect 20 is 0.2mm-1mm. For example, the width of the interconnect 20 can be set to 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 1mm, etc. By setting the width of the interconnect 20 between 0.2mm and 1mm, it is possible to ensure that an optical cavity effect can be generated at the gap 11 between the interconnect 20 and the battery cell 10. In addition, it also avoids excessive shading of the surface of the battery cell 10 by the interconnect 20 being too wide, and avoids material waste.

[0050] Specifically, the thickness of the interconnecting element 20 is 0.1mm-0.5mm. For example, the thickness of the interconnecting element 20 can be set to 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, etc. By setting the thickness of the interconnecting element 20 to 0.1mm-0.5mm, it is ensured that the interconnecting element 20 has a certain thickness to facilitate current conduction between the battery cells 10, while also preventing the interconnecting element 20 from being too thin and having too low strength, which would make it prone to deformation under stress during component processing and thus affect the formation of the gap 11. In addition, it also avoids the interconnecting element 20 being too thick, which would result in a large height difference on the surface of the battery cell 10, making the battery cell 10 prone to local microcracks during lamination.

[0051] For example, the interconnect 20 in this application may be a flat solder strip, so as to electrically connect the flat solder strip to the electrode on the surface of the cell 10, and a gap 11 is provided at least partially between the flat solder strip and the surface of the cell 10, so that an optical cavity effect can be formed at the gap 11.

[0052] It is understandable that in the optical cavity effect, after light undergoes multiple reflections within the cavity (i.e., gap 11 in this application), only light satisfying the condition that the optical path difference is an integer multiple of half the wavelength can form a stable standing wave, i.e., satisfy the resonance condition: 2nL = mλ, where: n is the refractive index of the cavity medium, L is the cavity length (i.e., the height of gap 11 in this application), λ is the wavelength of light in vacuum, and m is a positive integer (resonance order). Light satisfying this condition will continuously superimpose and enhance within the cavity, while light not satisfying the condition will gradually attenuate due to destructive interference. This filtering effect allows the optical cavity to only allow light of a specific wavelength (resonance wavelength) to exist stably, forming a resonance peak. Therefore, in the optical cavity effect, the cavity length (i.e., the height of gap 11) directly affects the wavelength of light capable of generating resonance.

[0053] Optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, along the thickness direction of the battery cell 10, the height L of the gap 11 is less than or equal to 100 μm and greater than or equal to 0 μm. Preferably, the height L of the gap 11 ranges from 0.36 μm to 89.3 μm.

[0054] On the one hand, the inventors, through research and analysis, tested the distribution of strong resonant wavelengths corresponding to the optical cavity effect under different gap heights 11, and selected the distribution of the top three strongest resonant wavelengths under the corresponding conditions. The specific results are as follows: Figure 9As shown in the figure, the experimental results show that when the height L of the gap 11 is ≤ 100 μm, the coverage range of the strong resonance wavelength is 500 nm-1000 nm; while when the height L of the gap 11 is > 100 μm, the coverage range of the resonance wavelength only shows significant strong resonance in the shorter wavelength range. Therefore, in this application, the height L of the gap 11 is set to be less than or equal to 100 μm to ensure that the wavelength of the optical cavity resonance can cover the wavelength range that the solar cell 10 can absorb as much as possible, so as to improve the light management efficiency inside the photovoltaic module and thus improve the performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0055] On the other hand, in the optical cavity effect, in addition to considering the distribution range of the resonant wavelength, the number of wave packets in the resonant cavity also needs to be considered. A wave packet refers to a localized wave state formed by the superposition of multiple waves of different frequencies and phases. As the height L of the gap 11 increases, the number of wave packets generated by the optical cavity effect increases, the total resonant energy tends to decrease, and the energy concentration is greatly reduced. This reduces the resonant enhancement effect of the optical cavity effect on stray light. Furthermore, as the height L of the gap 11 increases, the longer the distance the light travels within the cavity, the greater the energy loss during its journey, and the lower the resonant energy. Therefore, this application sets the height L of the gap 11 to ≤ 100 μm to reduce the energy attenuation of light transmission in the optical effect, thereby ensuring the resonant enhancement effect of the optical cavity effect on stray light.

[0056] Furthermore, due to the inherent characteristics of strong absorption and weak penetration in short-wavelength light and weak absorption and strong penetration in long-wavelength light, short-wavelength light is easily absorbed by the solar cell 10 while long-wavelength light easily penetrates it. In this application, by setting the height L≤100μm, the resulting optical cavity effect can cover a wider wavelength range. Thus, the optical cavity effect generated at the gap 11 can not only manage stray light directly entering the gap 11, but also manage long-wavelength light penetrating the solar cell 10, thereby increasing the light absorption and utilization rate of the solar cell 10.

[0057] Specifically, the height L of the gap 11 can be set to: 0.1μm, 0.2μm, 0.36μm, 0.5μm, 1μm, 5μm, 10μm, 20μm, 30μm, 40μm, 50μm, 60μm, 70μm, 80μm, 89.3μm, 90μm, 100μm, etc.

[0058] It is understood that the height L of the gap 11 in this application can be measured along the thickness direction of the battery cell 10, by measuring the straight-line distance from the side of the battery cell 10 facing the gap 11 to the side of the interconnect 20 facing the gap 11, and obtaining multiple distance values. The average of the multiple distance values ​​of a gap 11 is the height L of the gap 11.

[0059] Optionally, the height L of the gap 11 satisfies the following formula:

[0060] Where n is the refractive index of the medium within the gap 11, m is a positive integer (representing the resonance order), λ1 is the wavelength of light usable by the solar cell 10 entering the gap 11, and Δλ is the minimum interval between adjacent resonance modes.

[0061] It is understood that n in the above formula is the refractive index of the medium within the gap 11. The value of n is related to the material located within the gap 11 in the actual photovoltaic module. For example, when the gap 11 is filled with an encapsulating adhesive layer 40, n here refers to the refractive index of the encapsulating adhesive layer 40. m in the above formula represents the resonance order, which represents the "order" of interference enhancement. It is usually taken as a positive integer, for example, m=1, 2, 3, ... In this application, the value of m is 1. λ1 in the above formula is the wavelength of the light usable by the solar cell 10 entering the gap 11. Usually, the wavelength range of the usable light of the solar cell 10 is 400 nm-1200 nm, but considering the ability to generate an optical cavity effect, the value of λ1 in this application is set to 400 nm-1000 nm. Δλ in the above formula is the minimum interval between adjacent resonant modes, that is, the minimum frequency difference between the resonant frequencies (longitudinal modes) that exist stably within the optical cavity. In this application, the value of Δλ is set to 4 nm-5 nm.

[0062] In this embodiment, after light is reflected within the gap 11, a stable standing wave can only be formed if certain resonance conditions are met. The resonance effect of light is affected by factors such as the height L of the gap and the refractive index of the medium material within the gap 11. By establishing the correlation between the height L of the gap 11, the wavelength of usable light entering the gap 11, and the refractive index of the medium within the gap 11, the height L of the gap 11 can be flexibly set according to the actual application scenario of the component, thereby ensuring the formation of a stable and effective optical cavity effect and improving the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0063] Optionally, such as Figure 5 As shown, along the extending direction of the interconnect 20, the gap 11 has at least a first position a and a second position b, and the height of the gap 11 at the first position a is greater than the height at the second position b.

[0064] It is understandable that, based on the foregoing analysis, different gap heights 11 can produce a resonant enhancement effect on light of different wavelengths. Therefore, the heights L at at least two different locations within the gap 11 are not equal, so that the same gap can be used to produce a resonant enhancement effect on light of different wavelengths, thereby improving the absorption of different wavelengths of light by the photovoltaic module.

[0065] In some embodiments, the height difference between the gap 11 at the first position a and the second position b is between 0.1 μm and 88 μm. By setting the height difference between the two different positions of the gap 11 to between 0.1 μm and 88 μm, it is ensured that different positions within the gap 11 can generate a vibration enhancement effect on light of different wavelengths, thereby improving the absorption of different wavelengths of light by the photovoltaic module.

[0066] For example, the height difference can be set to: 0.1μm, 0.5μm, 1μm, 5μm, 10μm, 20μm, 30μm, 40μm, 50μm, 60μm, 70μm, 80μm, 88μm, etc.

[0067] In some embodiments, there are height differences at at least three locations within one of the gaps 11. By setting at least three height differences within the gap 11, the gap 11 can enhance the absorption of light of more different wavelengths, thereby facilitating the full absorption and utilization of sunlight, a full-spectrum light source, by the photovoltaic module.

[0068] Optionally, such as Figure 5 As shown, along the extension direction of the interconnect 20, a plurality of conductive connection layers 30 are provided between the interconnect 20 and the battery cell 10; there is a gap 11 between two adjacent conductive connection layers 30, and there are at least two gaps 11 below an interconnect 20.

[0069] In this embodiment of the application, by having gaps 11 between different parts of the same interconnect 20 and the solar cell 10, a light cavity effect can be generated at different gaps 11, thereby improving the light absorption rate at different locations in the photovoltaic module and thus improving the overall conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0070] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, between some adjacent conductive connection layers 30, the interconnect 20 and the battery cell 10 are partially (e.g.) Figure 5 (At position c shown) contact. By making the interconnect 20 in partial contact with the battery cell 10, the interconnect 20 can be locally supported at the contact position. On the other hand, the height of the gap 11 around the contact position will vary, which is also conducive to the resonance enhancement of light of different wavelengths.

[0071] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, an insulating layer (not shown in the figure) is also provided between the interconnect 20 and the battery cell 10, and the battery cell 10, the interconnect 20, the conductive connection layer 30 and the insulating layer form a gap 11.

[0072] In this embodiment, an insulating layer is provided on the surface of the battery cell 10 to provide insulation protection for a portion of the surface structure of the battery cell 10. This ensures that at least a portion of the insulating layer is located between the interconnect 20 and the battery cell 10, forming the gap 11 together with the battery cell 10, the interconnect 20, the conductive connection layer 30, and the insulating layer. The conductive connection layer 30 and the insulating layer can refract or reflect light, enhancing the optical cavity effect at the gap 11. Specifically, the battery cell 10 and the interconnect 20 serve as the primary reflective and refractive elements, while the conductive connection layer 30 and the insulating layer provide support, forming the gap 11 and assisting in refraction and reflection.

[0073] In some embodiments, an insulating layer fills at least a portion of the gap 11 between the interconnect 20 and the battery cell 10. Specifically, the insulating layer may be disposed on the surface of the battery cell 10 directly below the interconnect 20 to fill at least a portion of the gap 11 between the interconnect 20 and the battery cell 10. In this way, when light enters the gap 11, it can be refracted by the insulating layer, thereby generating an optical cavity effect within the gap 11.

[0074] In other embodiments, the insulating layer is disposed on the side of the interconnect member 20. That is, the insulating layer is disposed between at least one side of the interconnect member 20 along the width direction and the battery cell 10, or the insulating layer is disposed between at least one side of the interconnect member 20 along the length direction and the battery cell 10. In this way, the insulating layer, the battery cell 10, the interconnect member 20, and the conductive connection layer 30 can form a cavity to generate an optical cavity effect within the cavity. At the same time, the insulating layer on the side of the interconnect member 20 can also refract stray light into the cavity, thereby playing a "light-catching" role.

[0075] Of course, insulating layers can also be provided below and on both sides of the interconnecting element 20. The specific location of the insulating layer can be flexibly set according to actual needs, and is not limited here.

[0076] Optionally, such as Figure 6 As shown, the surface of the interconnect 20 facing the gap 11 has an undulating structure 201. By setting the surface of the interconnect 20 facing the gap 11 to have an undulating structure 201, the diffuse reflection of light on the surface of the interconnect 20 is enhanced, so that more light is captured into the gap 11 to form a cavity effect. At the same time, setting the undulating structure 201 on the surface of the interconnect 20 can change the height of the gap 11 at different positions within the gap 11, thereby enabling a resonant enhancement effect on light of different wavelengths, thus improving the absorption of different wavelengths of light by the photovoltaic module.

[0077] Optionally, the surface of the solar cell 10 facing the gap 11 has an uneven structure 201. By setting the uneven structure 201 on the surface of the solar cell 10 facing the gap 11, the diffuse reflection of light by the surface of the solar cell 10 is enhanced, so that more light is "captured" into the gap 11 to form a light cavity effect. At the same time, setting the uneven structure 201 on the surface of the solar cell 10 can change the height of the gap 11 at different positions within the gap 11, thereby enabling a resonant enhancement effect on light of different wavelengths, thereby improving the absorption of different wavelengths of light by the photovoltaic module.

[0078] Optionally, such as Figure 6 As shown, along the thickness direction of the battery cell 10, the height difference H1 between the highest and lowest points in the undulating structure 201 is between 0.05 μm and 10 μm. For example, the height difference can be set to 0.05 μm, 0.1 μm, 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 2 μm, 3 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 9 μm, 10 μm, etc.

[0079] In this embodiment, by setting the height difference between the highest and lowest points of the uneven structure 201 on the surface of the battery cell 10 or interconnect 20 to be between 0.05μm and 10μm, it is possible to ensure that the uneven structure 201 can diffusely reflect light, and also to change the height of different positions within the gap 11. However, if the height difference is too large, it will result in sharp protrusions on the surface of the battery cell 10 or interconnect 20, which can easily cause localized damage to the battery cell 10 or interconnect 20 during module processing, thus affecting module performance.

[0080] In some embodiments, the surface of the interconnect 20 facing the gap 11 has protruding tin particles. By having protruding tin particles on the surface of the interconnect 20 facing the gap 11, the high reflectivity of the tin particles reflects light incident on the surface of the interconnect 20 back to the solar cell 10, which is beneficial for enhancing the optical cavity effect. Furthermore, the protruding tin particles on the surface of the interconnect 20 result in different gap heights between the interconnect 20 and the solar cell 10 at different locations, thereby enabling resonant enhancement of light of different wavelengths and improving the absorption of different wavelengths of light by the photovoltaic module.

[0081] In other embodiments, the surface of the solar cell 10 facing the gap 11 has a textured surface. By providing a textured surface on the surface of the solar cell 10 facing the gap 11, the surface of the solar cell 10 has a large-area, relatively regular uneven structure 201. This enhances the diffuse reflection of light by the surface of the solar cell 10, allowing more light to be "captured" into the gap 11 to form a cavity effect. Simultaneously, the height of the gap 11 at different positions within the gap 11 can be varied, thereby generating a resonant enhancement effect for light of different wavelengths, thus improving the absorption of different wavelengths of light by the photovoltaic module.

[0082] In some other embodiments, the surface of the conductive connection layer 30 facing the gap 11 has an uneven structure 201. By setting the surface of the conductive connection layer 30 facing the gap 11 to have an uneven structure 201, light can be reflected onto the surface of the solar cell 10 facing the gap 11 or the surface of the interconnect 20 facing the gap 11 when it shines on the surface of the conductive connection layer 30. In this way, light can generate a photocavity effect within the gap 11, which helps to improve the absorption of light by the photovoltaic module.

[0083] Optionally, along the extending direction of the interconnect 20, multiple spaced gaps 11 are formed between the same interconnect 20 and the solar cell 10, with at least two gaps 11 having unequal heights. By forming multiple spaced gaps 11 between the same interconnect 20 and the solar cell 10, different gaps 11 can generate optical cavity effects. Simultaneously, making at least two gaps 11 unequal in height allows for resonant enhancement of light of different wavelengths, thus improving the absorption of different wavelengths of light by a region of the interconnect 20, thereby increasing the utilization rate of the entire interconnect 20 for sunlight, a full-spectrum light source; and avoiding absorption enhancement only for a single wavelength or a narrow wavelength range of light.

[0084] It should be noted that the unequal heights of the two gaps 11 mentioned here refer to the fact that the average height of one gap 11 is not equal to the average height of the other gap 11. Specifically, the straight-line distance between the surface of the battery cell 10 and the surface of the interconnect 20 at each gap 11 is measured along the thickness direction of the battery cell 10, and the average of the measured distance values ​​is used to obtain the height of the corresponding gap 11.

[0085] Optionally, such as Figure 2 As shown, the battery cell 10 is provided with a plurality of interconnecting elements 20, including a first interconnecting element 20a and a second interconnecting element 20b. A gap 11 formed between the first interconnecting element 20a and the battery cell 10 is called a first gap, and a gap 11 formed between the second interconnecting element 20b and the battery cell 10 is called a second gap. The heights of the first gap and the second gap are not equal.

[0086] In this embodiment of the application, by making the heights of the gaps 11 formed by different interconnects 20 on the same solar cell 10 unequal, the different gaps 11 corresponding to different interconnects 20 on the solar cell 10 can generate a resonant enhancement effect on light of different wavelengths, thereby improving the utilization rate of the entire solar cell 10 for sunlight as a full-band light source.

[0087] It should be noted that the height of the first gap here refers to the average height of the first gap along the thickness direction of the battery cell 10, and the height of the second gap is similar.

[0088] Optionally, the plurality of battery cells 10 includes a first battery cell 10a and a second battery cell 10b. A gap 11 formed on the first battery cell 10a is a third gap, and a gap 11 formed on the second battery cell 10b is a fourth gap. The heights of the third gap and the fourth gap are not equal.

[0089] In this embodiment, by making the heights of the gaps 11 formed on different cells 10 unequal, the gaps 11 formed on different cells 10 of the photovoltaic module can resonate and enhance light of different wavelengths. In this way, the utilization rate of the entire photovoltaic module for sunlight, a full-band light source, can be improved.

[0090] It should be noted that the height of the third gap here refers to the average height of the third gap along the thickness direction of the battery cell 10, and the height of the fourth gap is similar.

[0091] Optionally, such as Figure 5 As shown, the photovoltaic module also includes an encapsulating adhesive layer 40; at least a portion of the gap 11 is filled with the encapsulating adhesive layer 40.

[0092] In the photovoltaic module manufacturing process, an encapsulating adhesive layer 40 is used to encapsulate and protect the solar cell 10. In this application, by filling the gap 11 formed by the interconnect 20 and the solar cell 10 with the encapsulating adhesive layer 40, on the one hand, the encapsulating adhesive layer 40 can change the height difference at different positions within the gap 11, thereby improving the resonance enhancement effect of the gap 11 on light of different wavelengths; on the other hand, the encapsulating adhesive layer 40 can refract stray light from within the photovoltaic module into the gap 11, thereby playing a "light-catching" role, which helps to enhance the optical cavity effect at the gap 11 and improve the absorption of light by the photovoltaic module.

[0093] Specifically, a photovoltaic module may include a front panel, a back panel, a cell layer, and an encapsulating layer 40. The cell layer is formed by multiple cells 10 connected in series and parallel via interconnecting elements 20. The front panel and the back panel are stacked. The encapsulating layer 40 is disposed between the front panel and the back panel. The cell layer is embedded in the encapsulating layer 40, which provides encapsulation and protection for the cell layer.

[0094] The encapsulating adhesive layer 40 can be made of a transparent material. For example, it can be one or a combination of two of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and polyolefin elastomer (POE). Of course, other transparent encapsulating materials can also be selected. The materials can be flexibly selected according to actual needs, and no limitation is made here.

[0095] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module in this application is a double-sided glass photovoltaic module, that is, both the front and back panels of the photovoltaic module are made of glass. This allows light to pass through the glass on the front and back sides of the module and enter the interior of the photovoltaic module, so that both the front and back sides of the solar cell 10 can receive light. Combined with the optical cavity effect of the gap 11 formed on the surface of the solar cell 10, the light absorption and utilization rate of the photovoltaic module can be improved, thereby increasing the efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0096] In some embodiments, an encapsulating adhesive layer 40 is provided between the side of the interconnect 20 and the battery cell 10. By providing an encapsulating adhesive layer 40 between the side of the interconnect 20 and the battery cell 10, a closed or semi-closed cavity space is formed by the interconnect 20, the battery cell 10, the electrical connection layer and the encapsulating adhesive layer 40, thereby generating an optical cavity effect within the cavity space.

[0097] It should be noted that the side of the interconnecting member 20 mentioned herein includes at least one side of the interconnecting member 20 along its length direction, or at least one side of the interconnecting member 20 along its width direction.

[0098] In some embodiments, the refractive index of the encapsulating adhesive layer 40 is 1.4-1.5. By setting the refractive index of the encapsulating adhesive layer 40 to between 1.4 and 1.5, the refractive index of the encapsulating adhesive layer 40 is between the refractive index of the solar cell 10 and the refractive index of the interconnect 20, thereby enhancing the refraction of light by the encapsulating adhesive layer 40. The solar cell 10, the encapsulating adhesive layer 40, and the interconnect 20 cooperate with each other to refract more stray light into the gap 11 between the solar cell 10 and the interconnect 20, thereby creating an optical cavity effect.

[0099] Specifically, the refractive index of the encapsulating adhesive layer 40 can be set to 1.4, 1.43, 1.45, 1.45, 1.5, etc. The refractive index of the encapsulating adhesive layer 40 varies with the selected material and can be flexibly set according to actual needs, without limitation here.

[0100] In some embodiments, the height of the encapsulating adhesive layer 40 located within the gap 11 is 0.5 μm to 100 μm. By setting the height range of the encapsulating adhesive layer 40 within the gap 11 to 0.5 μm to 100 μm, the encapsulating adhesive layer 40 partially fills the gap 11. This ensures that the refractive effect of the encapsulating adhesive layer 40 can capture more stray light into the gap 11 to form an optical cavity effect, while avoiding the encapsulating adhesive layer 40 being too thick and affecting the reflection of light between the interconnect 20 and the battery cell 10.

[0101] For example, the height of the encapsulating adhesive layer 40 located within the gap 11 can be set to: 0.5μm, 1μm, 5μm, 10μm, 20μm, 50μm, 80μm, 100μm, etc.

[0102] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the photovoltaic module has intersecting first direction X and second direction Y, both of which are parallel to the side surface of the cell 10 on which the interconnect 20 is disposed. The conductive connection layer 30 has a first inclined surface 301 along at least one side of the first direction X, and the first inclined surface 301 has a first included angle A1 with the surface of the cell 10.

[0103] In this application, the conductive connection layer 30 has a first inclined surface 301 on at least one side along the first direction X. The first inclined surface 301 is at a certain angle to the surface of the solar cell 10. When light entering the photovoltaic module shines on the first inclined surface 301, the light is reflected by the first inclined surface 301 to the side of the solar cell 10 facing the gap 11 or the side of the interconnect 20 facing the gap 11, thereby generating a cavity effect within the gap 11. In this way, the first inclined surface 301 of the conductive connection layer 30 can "capture" the light, allowing more stray light to enter the gap 11 and generate a cavity effect.

[0104] In other embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the conductive connection layer 30 has a second inclined surface 302 on at least one side along the second direction Y.

[0105] In this application, the conductive connection layer 30 has a second inclined surface 302 on at least one side along the second direction Y. The second inclined surface 302 is at a certain angle to the surface of the solar cell 10. When light entering the photovoltaic module shines on the second inclined surface 302, it is reflected by the second inclined surface 302 onto the solar cell 10 or the interconnect 20, which can improve the utilization rate of light. At the same time, part of the light reflected by the second inclined surface is directly utilized by the solar cell 10, and part of it enters the gap 11 and can be further utilized.

[0106] Optionally, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the first inclined surface 301 has a first included angle A1 with the surface of the solar cell 10, and the second inclined surface 302 has a second included angle A2 with the surface of the solar cell 10. The first included angle A1 and the second included angle A2 are not equal. By setting the first inclined surface 301 and the second inclined surface 302 to form different angles with respect to the surface of the solar cell 10, the different inclined surfaces of the conductive connection layer 30 can reflect light at different incident angles, thereby "capturing" more light into the gap 11 or directly absorbing it into the solar cell 10, thus improving the absorption and utilization rate of stray light by the photovoltaic module.

[0107] In some embodiments, the surface roughness of the first inclined surface 301 is greater than or equal to 20 nm. By setting the surface roughness of the first inclined surface 301, the first inclined surface 301 can generate diffuse reflection, so as to reflect more stray light into the gap 11 and improve the utilization rate of stray light by the photovoltaic module.

[0108] In other embodiments, the surface roughness of the second inclined surface 302 is greater than or equal to 20 nm. By setting the surface roughness of the second inclined surface 302, it is made to generate diffuse reflection, so as to reflect more stray light into the gap 11 and improve the utilization rate of stray light by the photovoltaic module.

[0109] Optionally, such as Figure 5 As shown, an electrode 50 is provided on the battery cell 10 at a position corresponding to the gap 11, and the electrode 50 protrudes from the surface of the battery cell 10.

[0110] In this embodiment of the application, a portion of electrode 50 is provided in the gap 11. The portion of electrode 50 protrudes from the surface of the corresponding solar cell 10. Since the surface of electrode 50 can reflect light, by setting electrode 50 in the gap 11, the height difference at different positions in the gap 11 is changed, so as to generate a resonance enhancement effect on light of different wavelengths, thereby improving the utilization rate of photovoltaic module for sunlight as a full-band light source.

[0111] It should be noted that the portion of the electrode 50 located within the gap 11 may contact the side of the interconnect 20 facing the gap 11, or it may not be in contact. This can be flexibly configured according to the actual structure and is not limited here.

[0112] It is understood that the electrode 50 located within the gap 11 can be at least one of a current collector electrode and a current collector electrode, wherein the current collector electrode is used to collect the charge carriers generated by the cell 10, and the current collector electrode is used to collect the charge carriers collected by the current collector electrode and transmit them to the interconnect 20.

[0113] Optionally, such as Figure 5As shown, the height of electrode 50 protruding from the surface of solar cell 10 is 2μm-35μm. For example, the height of electrode 50 protruding from the surface of solar cell 10 can be set to 2μm, 5μm, 10μm, 15μm, 20μm, 25μm, 30μm, 35μm, etc.

[0114] In this embodiment, by setting the protruding height range of the electrode 50 located in the gap 11, the electrode 50 occupies part of the gap space. This ensures that the light entering the gap 11 can be reflected multiple times between the interconnect 20, the battery cell 10 and the electrode 50 to generate an optical cavity effect. At the same time, it also avoids the electrode 50 protruding too high and occupying too much of the gap 11, which is not conducive to the resonance of light in the gap 11.

[0115] In some embodiments, the battery cell 10 is a back-contact battery cell 10, with an electrode provided on the back side of the battery cell 10. A conductive connection layer 30 is provided on the electrode, and the interconnect 20 is electrically connected to the electrode through the conductive connection layer 30. Furthermore, a gap 11 is provided at least partially between the interconnect 20 and the battery cell 10, so that an optical cavity effect can be generated by utilizing the gap 11 to improve the light absorption and utilization rate of the back side of the battery cell 10.

[0116] In other embodiments, the battery cell 10 is a double-sided battery cell 10, with electrodes provided on both the front and back sides. A conductive connection layer 30 is provided on the electrodes, and the interconnect 20 is electrically connected to the electrodes through the conductive connection layer 30. Furthermore, by forming gaps 11 on both the front and back sides of the battery cell 10, an optical cavity effect can be generated using the gaps 11, thereby improving the light absorption and utilization rate of the front and back sides of the battery cell 10. In addition, providing the conductive connection layer 30 can also improve the connectability between the electrodes and the interconnect 20.

[0117] It is understood that the electrodes provided on the front and / or back of the solar cell include current collector electrodes and current bus electrodes. The current collector electrodes are used to collect the charge carriers generated by the solar cell 10, and the current bus electrodes are used to collect the charge carriers collected by the current collector electrodes and transmit them to the interconnect 20.

[0118] It should be noted that the solar cell 10 in this application can be a solar cell with a main grid, that is, both current collector electrodes and current bus electrodes are provided on the surface of the solar cell 10, and the interconnect 20 is electrically connected to the current bus electrodes through the conductive connection layer 30. Alternatively, the solar cell 10 in this application can be a solar cell without a main grid, that is, only current collector electrodes are provided on the surface of the solar cell 10, and the interconnect 20 is electrically connected to the current collector electrodes through the conductive connection layer 30. The specific electrode arrangement structure can be flexibly set according to actual needs, and is not limited here.

[0119] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0120] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: Multiple battery cells and interconnects; The plurality of said battery cells are arranged along a first direction, and the interconnecting member is disposed on the battery cells and electrically connected to adjacent battery cells; The battery cell is a back contact battery cell, and an electrode is provided on the back side of the back contact battery cell. A conductive connection layer is provided on the electrode, and the interconnect is electrically connected to the electrode through the conductive connection layer. A plurality of conductive connection layers are provided between one of the interconnecting components and the battery cell. The conductive connection layer is a structure formed by welding at the electrical connection points of the interconnecting component and the battery cell. The interconnecting component is electrically connected to the battery cell through the conductive connection layer. At least a portion of the locations between two adjacent conductive connection layers are gaps between the interconnecting component and the battery cell. The interconnecting element is a flat solder strip, and the width of the interconnecting element is greater than the thickness of the interconnecting element. An insulating layer is also provided between the interconnecting element and the battery cell. The battery cell, the interconnecting element, the conductive connection layer and the insulating layer form the gap, and the height of the gap ranges from 0.36μm to 89.3μm.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height L of the gap satisfies the following formula: Where n is the refractive index of the medium within the gap, m is a positive integer, λ1 is the wavelength of light usable by the solar cell entering the gap, and Δλ is the minimum interval between adjacent resonant modes.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the extending direction of the interconnect, the gap has at least a first position and a second position. The height of the gap at the first position is greater than the height at the second position; And / or, the height difference between the gap at the first position and at the second position is: 0.1μm-88μm; And / or, there are height differences at at least three locations within one of the gaps.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the extending direction of the interconnect, a plurality of conductive connection layers are provided between the interconnect and the battery cell; there is a gap between two adjacent conductive connection layers, and at least two gaps are provided under one interconnect; And / or, between partially adjacent conductive connection layers, the interconnects are in partial contact with the battery cell.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulating layer fills at least a portion of the gap between the interconnect and the battery cell, or the insulating layer is disposed on the side of the interconnect.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the interconnect facing the gap has an undulating structure; And / or, the surface of the battery cell facing the gap has an undulating structure.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that, Along the thickness direction of the battery cell, the height difference between the highest and lowest points in the undulating structure is 0.05μm - 10μm.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The interconnect has protruding tin particles on the side of its surface facing the gap; And / or, the surface of the battery cell facing the gap has a velvety texture.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive connection layer has an uneven surface structure on the side facing the gap.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module must meet at least one of the following conditions: A. Along the extending direction of the interconnect, a plurality of gaps are formed between the same interconnect and the battery cell, and at least two of the gaps have different heights; B. The battery cell is provided with a plurality of interconnecting elements, including a first interconnecting element and a second interconnecting element. A gap formed between the first interconnecting element and the battery cell is a first gap, and a gap formed between the second interconnecting element and the battery cell is a second gap. The heights of the first gap and the second gap are not equal. C. The plurality of battery cells include a first battery cell and a second battery cell, a gap formed on the first battery cell is a third gap, a gap formed on the second battery cell is a fourth gap, and the heights of the third gap and the fourth gap are not equal.

11. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module further includes an encapsulating adhesive layer; the gap is at least partially filled with the encapsulating adhesive layer. And / or, the encapsulating adhesive layer is provided between the side of the interconnect and the battery cell.

12. The photovoltaic module according to claim 11, characterized in that, The refractive index of the encapsulating adhesive layer is 1.4-1.5; And / or, the height of the encapsulating adhesive layer located within the gap is 0.5μm-100μm.

13. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The conductive connection layer has a first inclined surface on at least one side along the first direction; And / or, the conductive connection layer has a second slope on at least one side along the second direction, the second direction intersecting the first direction.

14. The photovoltaic module according to claim 13, characterized in that, The first inclined surface has a first angle with the surface of the battery cell, and the second inclined surface has a second angle with the surface of the battery cell. The first angle and the second angle are not equal. And / or, the surface roughness of the first inclined surface is greater than or equal to 20 nm; And / or, the surface roughness of the second inclined surface is greater than or equal to 20 nm.

15. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, An electrode is provided on the battery cell at a position corresponding to the gap, and the electrode protrudes from the surface of the battery cell.

16. The photovoltaic module according to claim 15, characterized in that, The height at which the electrode protrudes from the surface of the battery cell is 2μm-35μm.

17. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that... The width of the interconnecting component is 0.2mm-1mm, and the thickness of the interconnecting component is 0.1mm-0.5mm.

18. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The battery cell has an electrode on its back side, or the battery cell has electrodes on both its front and back sides, and the interconnect is electrically connected to the electrode through the conductive connection layer. And / or, the photovoltaic module is a double-sided glass photovoltaic module.

19. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that, It includes multiple electrically connected photovoltaic modules, wherein the photovoltaic modules are photovoltaic modules as described in any one of claims 1-18.

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