Cotton stalk harvester

Abstract

The invention discloses a cotton stalk harvester, which relates to the field of agricultural machinery, and comprises a rack, a ground breaking mechanism, a cotton stalk harvesting mechanism, a cotton stalk harvesting mechanism and a cotton stalk harvesting mechanism, the digging mechanism is located behind the soil breaking mechanism and used for cutting off main roots of the cotton stalks and lifting root systems; the soil loosening mechanism is arranged above the digging mechanism, located on the rear side of the digging mechanism and used for stripping soil around the roots of the cotton stalks; the pulling mechanism is arranged behind the soil loosening mechanism and used for pulling the cotton stalks from the soil, and the cotton stalk harvesting machine has the advantages that the cotton stalk harvesting completeness is improved, and root system residues in the soil are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and more particularly relates to a cotton stalk harvester. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing prevalence of agricultural machinery, grain harvesting equipment is widely used in modern agricultural production and harvesting. Cotton is one of my country's most important cash crops, occupying a crucial position in the national economy. Currently, cotton is widely cultivated throughout my country. The advent of cotton stalk harvesters has liberated cotton farmers from heavy labor and improved labor efficiency.

[0003] When harvesting cotton stalks, traditional cotton stalk harvesters often use direct cutting to remove the roots. This method results in 30%-50% of the stalk roots being left in the field, resulting in a waste of resources and potentially impacting soil structure and subsequent tillage. Furthermore, in areas with compacted soil, cotton stalk roots tend to grow more developed and deeper to obtain sufficient nutrients and water.

[0004] This increases the adhesion between the roots and the soil during mechanical extraction, significantly increasing the difficulty of extraction and making it easy for the roots to break and remain in the soil. Given that there is still room for improvement in current conventional cotton stalk harvesters, a cotton stalk harvester is urgently needed to address the above issues. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the problems in the prior art that traditional cotton stalk harvesters have difficulty in pulling out cotton stalks in areas with compacted soil, the roots of cotton stalks are easily broken, and the roots remain in the soil, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a cotton stalk harvester which has the advantages of improving the integrity of cotton stalk harvesting and reducing the roots remaining in the soil.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A cotton stalk harvester comprises a frame and further comprises:

[0008] The soil breaking mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the front part of the frame and is used to break up the compacted soil;

[0009] The digging mechanism is located behind the soil-breaking mechanism and is used to cut the main root of the cotton stalk and lift the root system;

[0010] The loosening mechanism is arranged above and behind the digging mechanism and is used to peel off the soil around the roots of the cotton stalks;

[0011] The pulling mechanism is located behind the loosening mechanism and is used to pull the cotton stalks from the soil.

[0012] The advantages of this solution include at least one: the harvester's soil-breaking mechanism first breaks up compacted soil, creating favorable working conditions for the subsequent excavation mechanism. The excavation mechanism then severs the taproots of the cotton stalks and lifts the roots. The loosening mechanism then removes the soil surrounding the lifted roots, further separating the stalks from the soil. Finally, the extraction mechanism extracts the pre-treated cotton stalks from the soil. This coordinated operation of the various mechanisms allows the harvester to efficiently complete the entire cotton stalk extraction process, from soil-breaking to extraction, improving the efficiency and quality of cotton stalk harvesting.

[0013] The present invention is further configured as follows: the soil breaking mechanism comprises: a roller, a driving device and an elastic floating bracket;

[0014] The roller is rotatably mounted on an elastic floating bracket, and the outer surface of the roller is circumferentially welded with non-uniform diameter crushing teeth;

[0015] The non-equal diameter crushing teeth include high teeth and low teeth, and the high teeth and low teeth are arranged alternately, and the height of the high teeth is greater than that of the low teeth;

[0016] The driving device includes a first driving motor, which is mounted on the side wall of the elastic floating bracket, and the output end of the first driving motor is transmission-connected to the rolling roller;

[0017] The elastic floating bracket is installed on the frame, and an elastic component is installed between the elastic floating bracket and the frame.

[0018] The advantages of this solution are at least that: when the soil-breaking mechanism is working, the first drive motor drives the roller drum to rotate, and the non-equal-diameter crushing teeth on the outer surface of the roller drum rotate accordingly to crush the soil. Among them, the high teeth and low teeth in the non-equal-diameter crushing teeth are arranged alternately, and the high teeth give priority to crushing deep compacted soil, and the low teeth crush the surface soil blocks for a second time, thereby improving the adaptability to soils of different hardness. The elastic floating bracket cooperates with the elastic component to enable the soil-breaking mechanism to better adapt to different terrains, maintain good contact with the soil, and improve the crushing effect.

[0019] The present invention is further configured such that: the digging mechanism comprises at least one pair of digging shovels arranged opposite to each other;

[0020] Each of the digging shovels is arc-shaped, with the concave surface facing the forward direction of the cotton stalk harvester;

[0021] The rear end of the excavating shovel is hingedly mounted on the frame, and an angle adjustment mechanism is provided between the rear end and the frame;

[0022] The angle adjustment mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder, one end of which is hinged to the frame, and the other end of which is hinged to the digging shovel.

[0023] The advantages of this solution are at least as follows: when the cotton stalk harvester moves forward, the curved concave surface of the digging shovel cuts into the soil, and the hydraulic cylinder adjusts the inclination of the digging shovel according to the set angle, so that the digging shovel can accurately cut off the main root of the cotton stalk and lift the root system to a certain height, thereby facilitating the operation of the subsequent loosening mechanism;

[0024] The curved excavator blade, with its concave side facing forward, effectively cuts the soil during forward movement, reducing resistance and lowering energy consumption. The angle of the excavator blade can be adjusted via a hydraulic cylinder, allowing for flexible adjustments based on the growth of cotton stalks and soil conditions, improving excavation effectiveness and efficiency.

[0025] The present invention is further configured as follows: the surface of the excavating shovel is provided with a plurality of cutting edges with triangular cross-sections, and the cutting edges are evenly distributed on the surface of the excavating shovel.

[0026] The advantages of this solution are at least that: when the digging shovel comes into contact with the soil and cotton stalks, the cutting edge with a triangular cross-section first contacts the main root of the cotton stalk, and uses its sharp cutting edge to cut off the main root, ensuring that the cotton stalk can be completely lifted by the digging shovel, thereby improving cutting efficiency and quality.

[0027] The present invention is further configured as follows: the loosening mechanism comprises:

[0028] A rotating shaft, the axial direction of which is perpendicular to the forward direction of the cotton stalk harvester;

[0029] a mounting frame rotatably supporting the rotating shaft via a bearing assembly;

[0030] loosening teeth fixed to the circumferential surface of the rotating shaft at predetermined intervals;

[0031] A second driving motor, an output end of which is transmission-connected to the rotating shaft;

[0032] The height adjustment mechanism is connected to the frame and is used to drive the mounting frame and the rotating shaft to rise and fall as a whole.

[0033] The advantages of this solution are at least that: when the loosening mechanism is working, by starting the second drive motor, the second drive motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate, and the loosening teeth on the rotating shaft rotate accordingly, thereby stripping the soil around the cotton stalk roots lifted by the excavation mechanism, and the height adjustment mechanism can flexibly adjust the height of the loosening mechanism to adapt to cotton stalk roots of different depths, so that the loosening teeth can better act on the soil, thereby achieving the best loosening effect and ensuring the loosening quality.

[0034] The present invention is further configured as follows: the height adjustment mechanism includes:

[0035] A mounting base is fixed on the frame, and the mounting frame is slidably mounted on the mounting base;

[0036] A worm gear is mounted on a mounting base via a rotating shaft;

[0037] A worm is rotatably mounted on a mounting base and meshes with the worm wheel;

[0038] A rack rod is vertically arranged on the top of the mounting frame and meshes with the worm gear;

[0039] The lifting motor is fixed on the top of the mounting base, and its output shaft is coaxially connected with the upper end of the worm through a coupling.

[0040] The advantages of this solution are at least as follows: the height adjustment mechanism utilizes a transmission method that combines a worm gear and a rack rod. By starting the lifting motor, its output shaft drives the worm gear through a coupling. The worm gear meshes with the worm wheel, causing the worm wheel to rotate, which in turn drives the rack rod, which is meshed with the worm wheel, to move vertically. The rack rod is connected to the mounting bracket, which drives the mounting bracket to slide up and down along the mounting base, achieving precise adjustment of the rotation axis and the height of the loosening teeth. This design not only provides stable lifting motion, ensuring that the loosening teeth can accurately adapt to the different depths of cotton stalk roots, but also has a self-locking function, which can prevent the loosening teeth from changing height due to external forces during operation, thereby ensuring the quality of the work.

[0041] The present invention is further configured as follows: the extraction mechanism includes a chain-rod rotary extractor, a servo motor and a pre-collection box;

[0042] The chain-rod rotary extractor is composed of two parallel ring chains and a plurality of extracting rods connected between the chains;

[0043] The extraction rods are evenly distributed along the circumference of the chain, and the servo motor drives the chain to rotate synchronously through a reduction box, a rotating shaft and two gear plates;

[0044] The pre-collection box includes two L-shaped plates, a mesh material holding plate, a material baffle plate and a wedge-shaped shovel plate. The two L-shaped plates are symmetrically installed on the frame to form a U-shaped trough. The mesh material holding plate is fixedly installed on the bottom of the two L-shaped plates. The material baffle plate is slidably installed inside the two L-shaped plates, and a driving assembly for driving the material baffle plate to move is installed at one end of the material baffle plate. The wedge-shaped shovel plate is fixedly installed on the bottom of the two L-shaped plates, and the front end edge of the wedge-shaped shovel plate is tilted downward by 45°-60°. The surface of the wedge-shaped shovel plate is longitudinally welded with guide ribs.

[0045] The advantages of this solution are at least as follows: if there is no pre-collection box during the movement of the harvester, the cotton stalks will fall directly to the ground, making it difficult to collect the cotton stalks in a centralized manner, thereby increasing the difficulty of subsequent collection. Moreover, without the pre-collection box as a temporary storage structure, the chain-type rotary puller cannot process the cotton stalks in batches, resulting in a discontinuous pulling and conveying process, which reduces the working efficiency. In addition, the soil carried by the roots of the cotton stalks cannot be effectively separated, which may increase the wear of the rear conveyor belt.

[0046] With the addition of a pre-collection box, when the harvester is moving, the wedge-shaped shovel cuts into the soil. The front edge design makes it easy to cut the soil and scoop up the cotton stalks. Under the guidance of the wedge-shaped shovel, the scooped cotton stalks slide along the longitudinal guide ribs on its surface into the U-shaped trough formed by the two L-shaped plates, thereby collecting the scooped cotton stalks in the U-shaped trough. At this time, the baffle plate is pushed by the drive assembly and forms a semi-closed U-shaped trough with the two L-shaped plates. The mesh material plate facilitates the better drop of soil carried by the roots of the cotton stalks, so that the soil on the roots of the cotton stalks can be further separated when the soil is lifted;

[0047] When a certain number of cotton stalks are collected in the U-shaped trough and the pulling rod rotates to the lowest point, the drive assembly drives the baffle plate to retract, opens the U-shaped trough, and starts the servo motor. The servo motor drives the chain to lift the pulling rod through the reduction gearbox, and lifts the cotton stalks under the action of the pulling rod. After lifting to a certain height, the drive assembly pushes the baffle plate again and re-forms a semi-closed U-shaped trough, ready to collect the next batch of cotton stalks. Finally, the cotton stalks are transported to the subsequent conveyor belt through the pulling rod, and the pre-collection box serves as an intermediate temporary storage structure, which makes the lifting and conveying process of the pulling rod more coherent. The chain-rod rotary puller can collect a certain number of cotton stalks in the pre-collection box and lift and convey them uniformly, thereby improving overall operating efficiency.

[0048] The present invention is further configured such that: the cross section of the extraction rod is V-shaped, and the V-shaped opening faces the forward direction of the cotton stalk harvester;

[0049] The inclined surfaces on both sides of the V-shaped groove are respectively hingedly mounted with clamping plates;

[0050] An electric push rod is fixedly installed inside the extraction rod, and the output end of the electric push rod is hinged on the clamping plate;

[0051] Anti-skid convex teeth are arranged on the inner side of the clamping plate, and the anti-skid convex teeth on the two clamping plates are staggered with each other.

[0052] The advantages of this solution include at least the following: the V-shaped cross-section of the extraction rod, with its opening facing forward, effectively guides the cotton stalks into the clamping area, preventing them from shifting as they enter the rod and improving gripping efficiency. The combination of the clamping plate and the electric push rod enables rapid, automated clamping, preventing the stalks from slipping due to vibration or resistance during the extraction process. Anti-slip teeth on the inner side of the clamping plate significantly increase friction with the stalks, further enhancing extraction stability and preventing them from slipping during the lifting process. The staggered arrangement of the anti-slip teeth ensures a more even distribution of the clamping force.

[0053] The present invention is further configured as follows: a guide plate is provided on the two L-shaped plates, the guide plate is located in front of the two L-shaped plates and the concave surface faces the forward direction of the cotton stalk harvester, and is used to guide the cotton stalks into the pre-collection box.

[0054] The advantages of this solution are at least that: when the cotton stalk harvester moves forward, the concave surface of the guide plate faces forward, which can efficiently guide the cotton stalks into the U-shaped groove formed by the two L-shaped plates. Moreover, the guide plate prevents the cotton stalks from being offset or scattered when entering the pre-collection box, thereby improving the collection efficiency and ensuring that the cotton stalks in the pre-collection box are neatly placed, which is convenient for subsequent processing.

[0055] The present invention is further configured as follows: the frame is further provided with a buffer assembly for supporting the extraction rod;

[0056] The buffer assembly includes: a buffer frame, fixedly mounted on the frame;

[0057] A buffer rod is slidably mounted on the buffer frame and is vertically arranged along the forward direction of the cotton stalk harvester;

[0058] Buffer springs, mounted on the front and rear ends of the buffer rod and connected to the buffer frame;

[0059] A buffer pressure plate is provided at the front end of the buffer rod, and the buffer pressure plate abuts against the rear side surface of the extraction rod;

[0060] The limiting plate is installed at the rear end of the buffer rod.

[0061] The advantages of this solution are at least that: when the cotton stalk harvester is operating, when the pulling rod rotates to the lowest point and is ready to clamp the cotton stalks (the baffle is in the open state at this time), since the harvester continues to move forward at a certain speed, it will continue to collect new cotton stalks, causing the cotton stalks in the pre-collection box to continue to squeeze the positioned cotton stalks under the action of the forward thrust, thereby causing the pulling rod to drive the circular chain to move backward. During the movement, the rear side of the pulling rod squeezes the buffer pressure plate, and the buffer pressure plate transmits the force to the buffer rod. The buffer rod overcomes the elastic force of the buffer spring and slides backward. The buffer spring is compressed accordingly, thereby absorbing the impact force generated by the forward thrust, effectively reducing the impact on the pulling rod, and enabling the pulling rod to stably complete the clamping action.

[0062] In summary, the present invention has at least the following advantages:

[0063] 1. By setting up a soil-breaking mechanism, an excavating mechanism, a soil-loosening mechanism, and an extraction mechanism, the soil-breaking mechanism first breaks up the compacted soil, creating good working conditions for the subsequent operation of the excavating mechanism; then, the excavating mechanism cuts off the main roots of the cotton stalks and lifts the cotton stalk roots; then, the soil-loosening mechanism peels off the soil around the lifted cotton stalk roots, further separating the cotton stalks from the soil; finally, the extraction mechanism extracts the cotton stalks that have undergone the previous processing from the soil. Through the orderly cooperation of various mechanisms, the harvester can efficiently complete a series of operations from soil-breaking to extraction of cotton stalks, thereby improving the efficiency and quality of cotton stalk harvesting;

[0064] 2. By setting up a height adjustment mechanism, the height adjustment mechanism adopts a transmission method combining a worm gear and a rack rod. By starting the lifting motor, its output shaft drives the worm to rotate through the coupling. The worm and the worm wheel engage with each other, causing the worm wheel to rotate, thereby driving the rack rod engaged with the worm wheel to move vertically. The rack rod is connected to the mounting bracket, thereby driving the mounting bracket to slide up and down along the mounting base to achieve precise adjustment of the rotating axis and the height of the loosening teeth. This design not only provides stable lifting movement, ensuring that the loosening teeth can accurately adapt to the roots of cotton stalks at different depths, but also has a self-locking function, which can prevent the loosening teeth from changing in height due to external forces during operation, thereby ensuring the quality of operation;

[0065] 3. By setting a buffer component, when the cotton stalk harvester is operating, when the pulling rod rotates to the lowest point and is ready to clamp the cotton stalks (the baffle is in the open state at this time), since the harvester continues to move forward at a certain speed, it will continue to collect new cotton stalks, causing the cotton stalks in the pre-collection box to continue to squeeze the positioned cotton stalks under the action of the forward thrust, thereby causing the pulling rod to drive the ring chain to move backward. During the movement, the rear side of the pulling rod squeezes the buffer pressure plate, and the buffer pressure plate transmits the force to the buffer rod. The buffer rod overcomes the elastic force of the buffer spring and slides backward. The buffer spring is compressed accordingly, thereby absorbing the impact force generated by the forward thrust, effectively reducing the impact on the pulling rod, and enabling the pulling rod to stably complete the clamping action. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0066] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall embodiment;

[0067] Figure 2 This is a partial schematic diagram of the embodiment with the frame removed;

[0068] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the overall earth-breaking mechanism in this embodiment;

[0069] Figure 4Schematic diagram of the overall excavation mechanism in this embodiment;

[0070] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the overall soil loosening mechanism in this embodiment;

[0071] Figure 6 This is an overall schematic diagram of the extraction mechanism in this embodiment;

[0072] Figure 7 This is an overall schematic diagram of the extraction rod in this embodiment;

[0073] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the overall buffer assembly in this embodiment.

[0074] Reference numerals: 1. frame; 2. earth-breaking mechanism; 201. roller; 2011. non-uniform crushing teeth; 20111. high teeth; 20112. low teeth; 202. elastic floating bracket; 203. first drive motor; 204. elastic component; 3. excavating mechanism; 301. excavating shovel; 3011. cutting edge; 302. angle adjustment mechanism; 3021. hydraulic cylinder; 4. loosening mechanism; 401. rotating shaft; 402. mounting bracket; 403. loosening teeth; 404. second drive motor; 405. height adjustment mechanism; 4051. mounting base; 4052. worm gear; 4053. worm; 4054. rack rod; 4055. Lifting motor; 5. Extracting mechanism; 501. Chain-rod rotary extractor; 5011. Ring chain; 5012. Extracting rod; 502. Servo motor; 503. Reducer; 504. Rotating shaft; 505. Gear plate; 506. Pre-collection box; 5061. L-shaped plate; 5062. Mesh material receiving plate; 5063. Material baffle plate; 5064. Wedge-shaped shovel plate; 5065. Guide rib; 6. Clamping plate; 7. Electric push rod; 8. Anti-slip convex teeth; 9. Guide plate; 10. Buffer assembly; 1001. Buffer rack; 1002. Buffer rod; 1003. Buffer spring; 1004. Buffer pressure plate; 1005. Limit plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features therein can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0076] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0077] Example 1

[0078] A cotton stalk harvester comprises a frame 1, wherein the frame 1 is mounted on a walking machine via a hydraulic lifting device, and further comprises: a soil-breaking mechanism 2, arranged below the front of the frame 1, for breaking up compacted soil; a digging mechanism 3, located behind the soil-breaking mechanism 2, for cutting off the main roots of the cotton stalks and lifting the root system; a soil-loosening mechanism 4, arranged above and behind the digging mechanism 3, for stripping the soil around the cotton stalk root system; and a pulling mechanism 5, arranged behind the soil-loosening mechanism 4, for pulling the cotton stalks from the soil. The soil-breaking mechanism 2, the digging mechanism 3, the soil-loosening mechanism 4, and the pulling mechanism 5 can be used in conjunction with each other through a control module, and are best achieved when used in conjunction with a conveyor belt.

[0079] Among them, the earth-breaking mechanism 2 includes: a roller 201, a driving device and an elastic floating bracket 202; the roller 201 is rotatably installed on the elastic floating bracket 202, and the outer surface of the roller 201 is circumferentially welded with non-equal diameter crushing teeth 2011; the non-equal diameter crushing teeth 2011 include high teeth 20111 and low teeth 20112, and the high teeth 20111 and the low teeth 20112 are staggered, and the height of the high teeth 20111 is greater than the height of the low teeth 20112; the driving device includes a first driving motor 203, the first driving motor 203 is installed on the side wall of the elastic floating bracket 202, and the output end is transmission-connected to the roller 201; the elastic floating bracket 202 is installed on the frame 1, and an elastic component 204 is installed between the elastic floating bracket 202 and the frame 1. The elastic component 204 can be a plurality of springs, evenly distributed between the elastic floating bracket 202 and the frame 1, playing a buffering and supporting role. It can also be a hydraulic shock absorber, which absorbs impact force by compressing and releasing hydraulic oil, so that the earth-breaking mechanism 2 remains stable under complex terrain, avoids damage to the mechanism due to hard impact, and keeps the crushing depth stable.

[0080] The digging mechanism 3 includes at least one pair of digging shovels 301 arranged opposite each other; each digging shovel 301 is arc-shaped, with the concave surface facing the forward direction of the cotton stalk harvester; the shape and structure of the digging shovel 301 can also be designed to be wavy, so that the digging shovel 301 is more stable when cutting into the soil and reduces resistance. Alternatively, a serrated structure can be added to the edge of the digging shovel 301 to enhance the cutting ability and better cut the main root of the cotton stalk. The rear end of the digging shovel 301 is hingedly mounted on the frame 1, and an angle adjustment mechanism 302 is provided between the frame 1; the angle adjustment mechanism 302 includes a hydraulic cylinder 3021, one end of the hydraulic cylinder 3021 is hingedly connected to the frame 1, and the other end is hingedly connected to the digging shovel 301. Specifically, the hydraulic cylinder 3021 is hingedly connected to the frame 1 and the digging shovel 301 through an articulated seat. In some other embodiments, the angle adjustment mechanism 302 may include a screw-nut mechanism, one end of which is hinged to the frame 1 and the other end is hinged to the digging shovel 301. By rotating the screw to change its effective length, the digging shovel 301 is driven to swing around the hinge seat, thereby adjusting the working angle of the digging shovel 301.

[0081] The angle adjustment mechanism 302 can also be an electric push rod, one end of which is hinged to the frame 1, and the other end is hinged to the digging shovel 301. The angle of the digging shovel 301 is adjusted by controlling the extension and retraction of the electric push rod.

[0082] It is worth mentioning that a plurality of cutting edges 3011 with triangular cross-sections are provided on the surface of the digging shovel 301 and are evenly distributed on the surface of the digging shovel 301 .

[0083] Among them, the loosening mechanism 4 includes: a rotating shaft 401, whose axial direction is perpendicular to the forward direction of the cotton stalk harvester; a mounting frame 402, which rotatably supports the rotating shaft 401 through a bearing assembly; loosening teeth 403, which are fixed to the circumferential surface of the rotating shaft 401 at a predetermined interval; wherein the loosening teeth 403 can be designed to be spiral, which can better turn over the soil when rotating and improve the loosening effect, or the loosening teeth 403 can be staggered to make the loosening more uniform; a second drive motor 404, whose output end is transmission-connected to the rotating shaft 401; a height adjustment mechanism 405, which is connected to the frame 1, and is used to drive the mounting frame 402 and the rotating shaft 401 to rise and fall as a whole.

[0084] The height adjustment mechanism 405 includes: a mounting base 4051, wherein the mounting base 4051 is mainly composed of four cylindrical steel columns and steel plates welded together and fixed on the frame 1; the mounting frame 402 is slidably installed on the mounting base 4051; the worm gear 4052 is installed on the mounting base 4051 through a rotating shaft, and stabilizing blocks are provided on both sides of the rotating shaft. The stabilizing blocks can ensure the stability of the worm gear 4052 during rotation and limit the position of the worm gear 4052 on the rotating shaft; the worm 4053 is rotatably installed on the mounting base 4051 and meshes with the worm gear 4052; the rack rod 4054 is vertically arranged on the top of the mounting base 402 and meshes with the worm gear 4052; the lifting motor 4055 is fixed on the top of the mounting base 4051, and its output shaft is coaxially connected to the upper end of the worm gear 4053 through a coupling.

[0085] The extraction mechanism 5 includes a chain-type rotary extractor 501, a servo motor 502, and a pre-collection box 506. The chain-type rotary extractor 501 is composed of two parallel ring chains 5011 and a plurality of extraction rods 5012 connected between the chains. In some preferred embodiments, in order to ensure the tension of the ring chains 5011 during operation, a tensioning wheel is provided on the inner side of the ring chains 5011. The tensioning wheel can ensure the tension and prevent the ring chains 5011 from loosening, thereby improving the reliability of the extraction mechanism 5. The extraction rods 5012 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the chain. The servo motor 502 drives the chain to rotate synchronously through the reduction box 503, the rotating shaft 504, and the two gear plates 505.

[0086] The pre-collection box 506 includes two L-shaped plates 5061, a mesh material holding plate 5062, a material baffle plate 5063 and a wedge-shaped shovel plate 5064. The two L-shaped plates 5061 are symmetrically mounted on the frame 1 to form a U-shaped trough. The mesh material holding plate 5062 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the two L-shaped plates 5061. The material baffle plate 5063 is slidably mounted inside the two L-shaped plates 5061. A driving assembly for driving the material baffle plate 5063 to move is mounted on one end of the material baffle plate 5063. The driving assembly may include an electric push rod or a hydraulic cylinder. The wedge-shaped shovel plate 5064 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the two L-shaped plates 5061. The front edge of the wedge-shaped shovel plate 5064 is tilted downward by 45°-60°. A guide rib 5065 is welded longitudinally on the surface of the wedge-shaped shovel plate 5064.

[0087] In some other implementations, to further optimize the performance of the cotton stalk harvester and improve the cleanliness of the cotton stalk roots, at least one vibration motor is installed on the outer walls of the two L-shaped plates 5061. When in operation, the vibration motor generates high-frequency vibrations, which are transmitted through the L-shaped plates 5061 to the entire structure of the pre-collection box 506, including the mesh material receiving plate 5062 and the material retaining plate 5063. This vibration effectively loosens soil particles attached to the cotton stalk roots, making it easier for the soil to fall off the cotton stalks and reducing soil residue.

[0088] In other preferred embodiments, a hair dryer may be fixed on the frame 1 , with the air outlet of the hair dryer facing the pre-collection box 506 . After the cotton stalks pass through the extraction mechanism 5 , the hair dryer blows the remaining soil and impurities away from the root surface of the cotton stalks.

[0089] Furthermore, the cross-section of the pulling rod 5012 is V-shaped, and the V-shaped opening faces the forward direction of the cotton stalk harvester; the clamping plates 6 are hingedly installed on the inclined surfaces on both sides of the V-shaped groove; an electric push rod 7 is fixedly installed inside the pulling rod 5012, and the output end of the electric push rod 7 is hinged on the clamping plate 6; the inner side of the clamping plate 6 is provided with anti-slip convex teeth 8, and the anti-slip convex teeth 8 on the two clamping plates 6 are staggered with each other.

[0090] Example 2

[0091] In some embodiments, in order to prevent the cotton stalks from being offset or scattered when entering the pre-collection box 506, thereby improving the collection efficiency, a guide plate 9 is provided on the two L-shaped plates 5061. The guide plate 9 is located in front of the two L-shaped plates 5061 and the concave surface faces the forward direction of the cotton stalk harvester, and is used to guide the cotton stalks into the pre-collection box 506. When the cotton stalk harvester moves forward, the concave surface of the guide plate 9 faces forward, which can efficiently guide the cotton stalks to smoothly enter the U-shaped trough formed by the two L-shaped plates 5061, ensuring that the cotton stalks in the pre-collection box 506 are neatly placed, which is convenient for subsequent processing.

[0092] In order to better absorb the impact force generated by the forward thrust and thus reduce the impact on the pulling rod 5012, in some embodiments, a buffer assembly 10 for supporting the pulling rod 5012 is further provided on the frame 1; the buffer assembly 10 includes: a buffer frame 1001, fixedly mounted on the frame 1; a buffer rod 1002, slidably mounted on the buffer frame 1001, and vertically arranged along the forward direction of the cotton stalk harvester; a buffer spring 1003, mounted at the front and rear ends of the buffer rod 1002 and connected to the buffer frame 1001; a buffer pressure plate 1004, arranged at the front end of the buffer rod 1002, and the buffer pressure plate 1004 abuts against the rear side of the pulling rod 5012; a limit plate 1005, mounted at the rear end of the buffer rod 1002. In other preferred embodiments, a buffer silicone pad is pasted on the surface of the buffer pressure plate 1004 in contact with the pulling rod 5012 to avoid wear caused by direct contact between the buffer pressure plate 1004 and the pulling rod 5012, thereby effectively improving the service life of the pulling rod 5012.

[0093] Example 3

[0094] On the basis of Example 1 or Example 2, the present invention further provides a method for using a cotton stalk harvester, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0095] First, the equipment is debugged and prepared. The cotton stalk harvester is installed on the walking machine, and the hydraulic lifting device is adjusted to make the height of the frame 1 adapt to the working terrain. The crushing depth of the soil breaking mechanism 2 and the digging angle of the digging mechanism 3 are adjusted.

[0096] Next, the soil breaking and excavation process begins. The soil breaking mechanism 2 is activated, and the roller 201 rotates driven by the first drive motor 203. The non-uniform crushing teeth 2011 break up the compacted soil. Depending on the soil conditions, the elastic floating support 202 uses the elastic component 204 (spring or hydraulic shock absorber) to cushion the impact force, ensuring a stable breaking depth.

[0097] The digging shovel 301 of the digging mechanism 3 is adjusted to a suitable angle under the drive of the hydraulic cylinder 3021 or the electric push rod, cuts into the soil, cuts off the main root of the cotton stalk and lifts the root system.

[0098] Next, the second drive motor 404 of the loosening mechanism 4 drives the loosening teeth 403 to rotate via the rotating shaft 401. The spiral or staggered loosening teeth 403 turn the soil, peeling off the soil around the cotton stalk roots. The lifting motor 4055 of the height adjustment mechanism 405 drives the worm gear 4052 and worm 4053 to adjust the height of the loosening teeth 403 according to the height of the cotton stalks.

[0099] Finally, as the harvester moves, the wedge-shaped shovel 5064 cuts into the soil. Its front-end cutting edge facilitates cutting the soil and scooping up the cotton stalks. Guided by the wedge-shaped shovel 5064, the scooped cotton stalks slide along the longitudinal guide ribs 5065 on its surface into the U-shaped trough formed by the two L-shaped plates 5061. At this time, the material blocking plate 5063 is pushed by the drive assembly and forms a semi-enclosed U-shaped trough with the two L-shaped plates 5061. The mesh material receiving plate 5062 facilitates the better shedding of soil carried by the roots of the cotton stalks.

[0100] When the U-shaped trough has collected a certain amount of cotton stalks, the driving assembly drives the baffle plate 5063 to retract and open the U-shaped trough. When the pulling rod 5012 rotates to the lowest point and is ready to clamp the cotton stalks (at this time, the baffle plate 5063 is in the open state), the harvester continues to move forward at a certain speed and will continue to collect new cotton stalks, resulting in the cotton stalks in the pre-collecting box 506 continuing to squeeze the positioned cotton stalks under the action of the forward thrust, thereby causing the pulling rod 5012 to drive the ring chain 5011 to move backward. During the movement, the rear side of the pulling rod 5012 squeezes the buffer pressure plate 1004, and the buffer pressure plate 1004 transmits the force to the buffer rod 1002. The buffer rod 1002 overcomes the elastic force of the buffer spring 1003 and slides backward. The buffer spring 1003 is compressed accordingly, thereby absorbing the impact force generated by the forward thrust, effectively reducing the impact on the pulling rod 5012, so that the pulling rod 5012 can stably complete the clamping action;

[0101] Start the servo motor 502, which drives the chain to lift the extraction rod 5012 through the reduction gear box 503, and lifts the cotton stalks under the action of the extraction rod 5012. After lifting to a certain height, the drive component pushes the baffle plate 5063 again and re-forms a semi-closed U-shaped trough, ready to collect the next batch of cotton stalks. Finally, the cotton stalks are transported to the subsequent conveyor belt through the extraction rod 5012.

[0102] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0103] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A cotton stalk harvester, comprising a frame (1), characterized in that: Also includes: A soil breaking mechanism (2) is provided below the front portion of the frame (1) and is used to break up compacted soil; A digging mechanism (3), located behind the soil-breaking mechanism (2), is used to cut off the main root of the cotton stalk and lift the root system; A soil loosening mechanism (4) is provided above and behind the digging mechanism (3) and is used to strip the soil around the cotton stalk roots; The extracting mechanism (5) is arranged behind the loosening mechanism (4) and is used to extract the cotton stalks from the soil.

2. The cotton stalk harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil-breaking mechanism (2) comprises: a roller (201), a driving device and an elastic floating bracket (202); The rolling roller (201) is rotatably mounted on an elastic floating bracket (202), and non-uniform diameter crushing teeth (211) are circumferentially welded on the outer surface of the rolling roller (201); The non-equal diameter crushing teeth (2011) include high teeth (20111) and low teeth (20112), and the high teeth (20111) and the low teeth (20112) are arranged alternately, and the height of the high teeth (20111) is greater than the height of the low teeth (20112); The driving device comprises a first driving motor (203), the first driving motor (203) being mounted on a side wall of the elastic floating bracket (202), and the output end of the first driving motor (203) being transmission-connected to the rolling roller (201); The elastic floating bracket (202) is installed on the frame (1), and an elastic component (204) is installed between the elastic floating bracket (202) and the frame (1).

3. The cotton stalk harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The digging mechanism (3) comprises at least one pair of digging shovels (301) arranged opposite to each other; Each digging shovel (301) is arc-shaped, with the concave surface facing the forward direction of the cotton stalk harvester; The rear end of the digging shovel (301) is hingedly mounted on the frame (1), and an angle adjustment mechanism (302) is provided between the rear end and the frame (1); The angle adjustment mechanism (302) comprises a hydraulic cylinder (3021), one end of the hydraulic cylinder (3021) is hinged to the frame (1), and the other end is hinged to the digging shovel (301).

4. The cotton stalk harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surface of the digging shovel (301) is provided with a plurality of cutting edges (3011) with triangular cross-sections, which are evenly distributed on the surface of the digging shovel (301).

5. The cotton stalk harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loosening mechanism (4) comprises: The rotating shaft (401) has an axial direction perpendicular to the forward direction of the cotton stalk harvester; A mounting frame (402) rotatably supports the rotating shaft (401) via a bearing assembly; Soil loosening teeth (403) are fixed to the circumferential surface of the rotating shaft (401) at a predetermined interval; A second driving motor (404), the output end of which is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft (401); A height adjustment mechanism (405) is connected to the frame (1) and is used to drive the mounting frame (402) and the rotating shaft (401) to rise and fall as a whole.

6. The cotton stalk harvester according to claim 5, characterized in that: The height adjustment mechanism (405) comprises: A mounting seat (4051) is fixed on the frame (1), and the mounting frame (402) is slidably mounted on the mounting seat (4051); A worm gear (4052) is mounted on a mounting seat (4051) via a rotating shaft; A worm (4053) is rotatably mounted on the mounting seat (4051) and meshes with the worm wheel (4052); A rack rod (4054) is vertically disposed on the top of the mounting frame (402) and meshes with the worm gear (4052); The lifting motor (4055) is fixed on the top of the mounting base (4051), and its output shaft is coaxially connected to the upper end of the worm (4053) through a coupling.

7. The cotton stalk harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extraction mechanism (5) comprises a chain-type rotary extractor (501), a servo motor (502) and a pre-collection box (506); The chain-rod rotary extractor (501) is composed of two parallel annular chains (5011) and a plurality of extracting rods (5012) connected between the chains; The extraction rods (5012) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the chain, and the servo motor (502) drives the chain to rotate synchronously via a reduction gearbox (503), a rotating shaft (504) and two gear plates (505); The pre-collection box (506) comprises two L-shaped plates (5061), a mesh material holding plate (5062), a material baffle plate (5063) and a wedge-shaped shovel plate (5064). The two L-shaped plates (5061) are symmetrically mounted on the frame (1) to form a U-shaped trough. The mesh material holding plate (5062) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the two L-shaped plates (5061). The material baffle plate (5063) is slidably mounted inside the two L-shaped plates (5061). A driving assembly for driving the material baffle plate (5063) to move is mounted at one end of the material baffle plate (5063). The wedge-shaped shovel plate (5064) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the two L-shaped plates (5061). The front edge of the wedge-shaped shovel plate (5064) is tilted downward by 45°-60°. A guide rib (5065) is longitudinally welded to the surface of the wedge-shaped shovel plate (5064).

8. The cotton stalk harvester according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cross section of the pulling rod (5012) is V-shaped, and the V-shaped opening faces the forward direction of the cotton stalk harvester; Clamping plates (6) are hingedly mounted on the inclined surfaces on both sides of the V-shaped groove; An electric push rod (7) is fixedly installed inside the extraction rod (5012), and the output end of the electric push rod (7) is hinged on the clamping plate (6); Anti-slip convex teeth (8) are provided on the inner side of the clamping plate (6), and the anti-slip convex teeth (8) on the two clamping plates (6) are staggered with each other.

9. The cotton stalk harvester according to claim 7, characterized in that: A guide plate (9) is provided on the two L-shaped plates (5061). The guide plate (9) is located in front of the two L-shaped plates (5061) with the concave surface facing the forward direction of the cotton stalk harvester, and is used to guide the cotton stalks into the pre-collection box (506).

10. The cotton stalk harvester according to claim 7, characterized in that: The frame (1) is also provided with a buffer assembly (10) for supporting the extraction rod (5012); The buffer assembly (10) comprises: a buffer frame (1001) fixedly mounted on the frame (1); A buffer rod (1002) is slidably mounted on the buffer frame (1001) and is vertically arranged along the forward direction of the cotton stalk harvester; Buffer springs (1003), mounted on the front and rear ends of the buffer rod (1002) and connected to the buffer frame (1001); A buffer pressure plate (1004) is provided at the front end of the buffer rod (1002), and the buffer pressure plate (1004) abuts against the rear side of the extraction rod (5012); The limiting plate (1005) is installed at the rear end of the buffer rod (1002).

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