Guiding device for percutaneous screw placement of femoral neck fracture

Abstract

The invention discloses a percutaneous screw placement guiding device for femoral neck fracture, and belongs to the field of medical instruments. The device is composed of a handle, a guide base and a guide sleeve. The handle is in a Z shape, one end of the handle is fixedly connected with one side face of the guide base, the guide base is an entity which is composed of a cuboid and a wedge-shaped body below the cuboid and has the wedge-shaped characteristic, and the guide base is provided with a through hole penetrating through the bottom face and the back face of the guide base. The through holes are cylindrical and comprise sleeve through holes and guide pin through holes; the guide sleeve is in the shape of a hollow circular tube, and the guide sleeve can just pass through the sleeve through hole; a clamping ring is arranged at the head end of the guide sleeve, and a sawtooth structure is arranged at the tail end. The device is simple in structure, high in practicability and high in accuracy, and screws can be placed according to the device only through perspective positioning in the using process.

Description

Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to medical machinery, in particular to a percutaneous nailing guide device for femoral neck fracture [Background Technology]

[0002] Femoral neck fractures can significantly affect the blood supply to the femoral head. Early anatomical reduction and absolutely stable internal fixation are beneficial for reducing the incidence of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. In cases with good bone quality, three to four cannulated cancellous screws (diameter 6.0 mm, 7.0 mm, or 7.3 mm) are often inserted along the edge of the femoral neck. The cannulated screws are oriented parallel to each other and arranged in an inverted triangle (three screws) or a diamond pattern (four screws). To ensure accurate cannulated screw placement, orthopedic navigation devices can be used. However, due to their high cost and complex operating procedures, these devices are difficult to popularize. Currently, clinical practice typically relies on intraoperative C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy and the surgeon's experience to insert a positioning guide pin. Screw placement is then based on the positioning guide pin, making it difficult to achieve the ideal screw position. This can lead to screw propagation out of the cortex and unstable screw fixation, compromising treatment efficacy. Therefore, the design of a percutaneous screw placement guide for femoral neck fractures is highly desirable. [Summary of the invention]

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a percutaneous nailing guide device for femoral neck fracture, which is used for positioning and guiding when a hollow nail is implanted into the head and neck of a femoral neck fracture.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] The percutaneous nail placement guide for femoral neck fractures consists of a handle, a guide base, and a guide sleeve. The handle is connected to one side of the guide base. The guide base is a wedge-shaped entity consisting of a rectangular parallelepiped and a wedge-shaped body below it. The guide base is equipped with through holes extending through its bottom and back surfaces. These through holes are all cylindrical and include two types: a sleeve through hole and a guide pin through hole. The axes of the through holes are parallel to each other and form a 60° angle with the bottom surface of the guide base.

[0006] Preferably, the handle is in a "Z" shape and one end of the handle is fixedly connected to a side surface of the guide base.

[0007] Preferably, there are four sleeve through holes, one of which is located in the left half of the front face of the guide base, one is located in the right half of the guide base, and the other two are respectively located in the upper and lower halves in the middle of the guide base. The four sleeve through holes are arranged in a diamond shape.

[0008] Preferably, there are 23 guide needle through holes, each with a diameter of 2.5 cm, of which 9 guide needle through holes are located in the center of the guide base and arranged in a 3×3 pattern to form a rectangular array, and the other 12 guide needle through holes are located at the four corners of the rectangular array and arranged radially, and the remaining two guide needle through holes are respectively located in the upper and lower halves of the middle of the guide base.

[0009] Preferably, the central axis of the diamond-shaped structure formed by the sleeve through holes overlaps with the axis of the guide pin through hole in the center of the guide base.

[0010] Preferably, the inner diameter of the sleeve through hole is 6 mm.

[0011] Preferably, the guide sleeve is a hollow tube with a smooth inner wall. The guide sleeve can just pass through the sleeve through hole. The inner diameter of the guide sleeve is 3 mm, the length of the guide sleeve is 7 cm, the head end of the guide sleeve is provided with a clamping ring, and the tail end is provided with a serrated structure.

[0012] The present invention has a simple structure and strong practicality. During use, nail placement can be performed according to the present invention only by performing perspective positioning, and the accuracy is high.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0013] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0014] Figure 1 Southwest isometric view of the percutaneous nail placement guide device for femoral neck fracture of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 A northeast isometric view of the percutaneous nail placement guide device for femoral neck fracture of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 A bottom view of the percutaneous nail placement guide device for femoral neck fracture according to the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 A left side view of the percutaneous nail placement guide device for femoral neck fracture of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5 A southwest isometric view of the handle and guide base of the percutaneous nail placement guide device for femoral neck fracture of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 6 A northeast isometric view of the handle and guide base of the percutaneous nail placement guide device for femoral neck fracture of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 7 A bottom view of the handle and guide base of the percutaneous nail placement guide device for femoral neck fracture of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 8 A left side view of the handle and guide base of the percutaneous nail placement guide device for femoral neck fracture of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 9 A top view of the handle and guide base of the percutaneous nail placement guide device for femoral neck fracture of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 10 A side view of a guide sleeve of the percutaneous nail placement guide device for femoral neck fracture of the present invention;

[0024] Description of reference numerals:

[0025] 1. Handle; 2. Guide base; 21. Guide pin hole; 22. Sleeve hole; 3. Guide sleeve; 31. Snap ring; 32. Sawtooth structure [Specific implementation method]

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0027] like Figure 1 — Figure 10As shown. The percutaneous nail placement guide device for femoral neck fractures consists of a handle [1], a guide base [2], and a guide sleeve [3]. The handle [1] is connected to one side of the guide base [2]. The guide base [2] is a solid body with wedge-shaped features consisting of a rectangular parallelepiped and a wedge-shaped body below it. The guide base [2] is provided with through holes that penetrate the bottom and back surfaces of the guide base. The through holes are all cylindrical and include two types: a sleeve through hole

[22] and a guide pin through hole

[21] . The axes of the through holes are parallel to each other, and the axes of the through holes form a 60° angle with the bottom surface of the guide base [2]. The sleeve [3] is a hollow, smooth-walled circular tube. The sleeve [3] can just pass through the sleeve through hole

[22] . The sleeve [3] is provided with a snap ring

[31] at the head end and a serrated structure

[32] at the tail end. The handle [1] is "Z"-shaped and one end of the handle [1] is fixedly connected to one side of the guide base [2]. There are four sleeve through holes

[22] , one of which is located in the left half of the front face of the guide base [2], one is located in the right half of the guide base [2], and the other two are located in the upper and lower halves of the middle of the guide base [2]. The four sleeve through holes [3] are arranged in a rhombus shape. There are 23 guide needle through holes

[21] , nine of which are located in the center of the guide base [2] and arranged in a 3×3 pattern to form a rectangular array. The other 12 are located in the four corners of the rectangular array and arranged radially. The other two are located in the upper and lower halves of the middle of the guide base [2]. The diameter of the guide needle through hole

[21] is 2.5 cm. The central axis of the rhombus structure formed by the sleeve through holes

[22] overlaps with the axis of the guide needle through hole

[21] in the center of the guide base [2]. The inner diameter of the guide sleeve [3] through hole is 6 mm. The inner diameter of the guide sleeve [3] is 2.5 mm, the length of the guide sleeve [3] is 7 cm, the head end of the guide sleeve [3] is provided with a clamping ring

[31] , and the tail end is provided with a sawtooth structure

[32] .

[0028] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: when an orthopedic femoral neck fracture requires closed reduction and hollow screw internal fixation, after satisfactory anesthesia, the patient lies supine on a surgical traction bed, routinely disinfects and spreads a drape, routinely performs closed reduction and confirms satisfactory reduction of the fracture end through fluoroscopy, the surgeon holds a percutaneous screw guide device for a femoral neck fracture, places the bottom surface of the guide base [2] close to the outer skin surface of the proximal femur according to the body surface landmarks, selects the guide pin through hole

[21] in the center of the base, uses a 2.5mm Kirschner wire to penetrate the femoral head and neck through the guide pin through hole [21), uses a C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy machine to determine the position of the Kirschner wire in two planes, and adjusts the position of the guide base [2] by moving up and down and forward and backward in combination with other guide pin through holes

[21] on the guide base [2], so that the hollow screws subsequently inserted through the sleeve through hole

[22] are more reasonably and perfectly distributed in the femoral neck. After the guide base [2] is placed satisfactorily, the surgeon opens the skin according to the position of the sleeve through hole

[22] on the guide base [2]. The assistant holds the handle [1] to fix the guide base [2]. The surgeon inserts the guide sleeve [3] from the sleeve through hole

[22] and makes the serrated structure

[32] of the guide sleeve [3] close to the outer cortical bone of the proximal femur. The surgeon inserts the hollow nail guide needle into the guide sleeve [3] in turn, confirms the layout of the hollow nail guide needle (inverted triangle distribution or diamond distribution) again, determines the appropriate length of the hollow screw, and drives the hollow screw into the femoral head and neck along the guide needle. The fluoroscopy confirms again that the screw is located in the femoral head and neck, removes the guide needle or Kirschner wire, and the operation is completed.

[0029] Anything not described in detail in the present invention is well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0030] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Based on the above description, relevant personnel can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of this invention. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, and the scope of protection of this invention is not limited to this. Any replacement and improvement made on the basis of not violating the concept of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A percutaneous nail placement guide device for femoral neck fracture, characterized by: The percutaneous nail placement guide device for femoral neck fracture consists of a handle, a guide base, and a guide sleeve. The handle is "Z"-shaped and one end of the handle is fixedly connected to a side surface of the guide base. The guide base is a wedge-shaped entity consisting of a rectangular parallelepiped and a wedge-shaped body below it. The guide base is provided with through holes that pass through the bottom and back surfaces of the guide base. The through holes are all cylindrical and include sleeve through holes and guide pin through holes. The axes of the through holes are parallel to each other, and the axes of the through holes form a 60° angle with the bottom surface of the guide base.

2. The percutaneous nail placement guide device for femoral neck fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are four sleeve through holes, one of which is located in the left half of the front face of the guide base, one is located in the right half of the guide base, and the other two are respectively located in the upper and lower halves in the middle of the guide base. The four sleeve through holes are arranged in a diamond shape.

3. The percutaneous nail placement guide device for femoral neck fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are 23 guide needle holes with a diameter of 2.5 cm. Among them, 9 guide needle holes are located in the center of the guide base and are arranged in a 3×3 pattern to form a rectangular array. The other 12 guide needle holes are located in the four corners of the rectangular array and are arranged radially. The remaining two guide needle holes are respectively located in the upper and lower halves of the middle of the guide base.

4. The percutaneous nail placement guide device for femoral neck fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide sleeve is a hollow, smooth-walled circular tube. The guide sleeve can just pass through the sleeve through hole. The inner diameter of the guide sleeve is 3 mm, the length of the guide sleeve is 7 cm, a clamping ring is provided at the head end of the guide sleeve, and a serrated structure is provided at the tail end.

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