Adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation device and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of material separation, and particularly relates to an adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation device and method. Through cooperation of the up-and-down position adjusting assembly and the front-and-back position adjusting assembly, the spatial position of the pneumatic separation device is flexibly adjusted; the spatial position is finely adjusted by utilizing an arc groove and a long groove of a connecting piece of the pneumatic injection assembly, and the injection angle is adaptively adjusted. The spraying angle and the spraying direction can be dynamically adjusted according to the belt speed of the belt and the sorting requirement; the pneumatic injection assembly can realize a more dense injection area and the conversion between a single row of nozzles and a double row of nozzles; the device can dynamically adapt to different sorting equipment and diversified working condition requirements, so that repeated development and customized production of traditional single-function equipment are avoided, and the equipment redundancy cost and the deployment period can be remarkably reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of material separation, and in particular relates to an adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation device and method. Background Art

[0002] As one of the world's most important fossil energy sources, coal distribution shows significant regional concentration. However, the gangue generated during coal utilization has become one of the world's largest industrial solid wastes. Its storage not only occupies land but also causes environmental problems such as spontaneous combustion and heavy metal pollution. The efficient sorting of gangue is crucial to the clean utilization and sustainable development of coal. Traditional manual gangue sorting is inefficient and labor-intensive, and cannot meet the high-yield and high-efficiency requirements of modern mines. Intelligent sorting technology can improve sorting efficiency while reducing labor costs by accurately identifying coal and gangue. In addition, it can also realize the resource utilization of gangue (such as power generation, brick making, and backfill), creating significant economic benefits.

[0003] In intelligent sorting systems, pneumatic injection separation technology, with its high efficiency and environmentally friendly advantages, has become one of the best solutions for separating coal and gangue. The core principle of this technology is to use high-pressure airflow to precisely inject identified gangue to achieve separation. This technology has certain requirements for gangue particle size, quality, and sorting conditions.

[0004] Although pneumatic jet separation technology has been applied in the field of coal gangue sorting, it still has the following problems: 1) Insufficient adjustment flexibility: The existing pneumatic separation device is installed in a fixed position, and the angle of the nozzle structure cannot be adjusted, which makes it difficult for the pneumatic separation device to adapt to conveyor belts of different heights. It is impossible to dynamically adjust the injection angle and direction according to the belt speed or sorting requirements, resulting in insufficient adjustment flexibility; 2) Poor adaptability to working conditions: The nozzle structure of the existing pneumatic separation device can be mainly divided into two categories: single-row nozzles and double-row nozzles. Single-row nozzles are mainly suitable for small-particle materials, and double-row nozzles are mainly suitable for large-block materials. The two nozzle structures cannot be changed in real time according to the sorting working conditions, resulting in insufficient adaptability of single-row nozzles when the particle size distribution of the coal gangue mixture is wide, and when the particle size of the coal gangue mixture is generally small, the nozzle utilization rate of the double-row nozzles is reduced, and some nozzles are prone to clogging.

[0005] In view of this, the inventors hope to provide an adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation device and method. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems existing in the traditional technology and provide an adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation device.

[0007] In order to achieve the above technical objectives and the above technical effects, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides an adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation device, which includes a front and rear position adjustment component, an upper and lower position adjustment component and a pneumatic blowing component. The front and rear position adjustment component is installed below the end of a belt conveyor, the upper and lower position adjustment component is installed at the upper end of the front and rear position adjustment component, and the pneumatic blowing component is installed at the top of the upper and lower position adjustment component.

[0009] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation device, the front and rear position adjustment assembly includes a support base, a longitudinal rack, a first stepper motor and a first drive gear. The lower end of the support base is fixed to the foundation or the carrier, and the upper end of the support base is equipped with the first stepper motor. The output end of the first stepper motor is equipped with a first drive gear meshing with the longitudinal rack, and the upper end of the support base is provided with bumps near both sides.

[0010] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation device, the upper and lower position adjustment components include a movable base, a lower cover, an intermediate cover, an upper cover, a roller, a transverse slide bar, a transverse rack, a transmission shaft, a positioning shaft, a second stepping motor, a transmission gear set, a second driving gear and a double scissor-type telescopic frame; the movable base is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the longitudinal rack, and the lower part of the movable base is provided with a double-plate track structure, and the double-plate track structure is provided with a roller that can roll along the upper surface of the protrusion. The upper end of the movable base is installed with a lower cover, the upper outer side of the lower cover is slidingly sleeved with the intermediate cover, and the upper outer side of the intermediate cover is slidingly sleeved with the upper cover; two transverse slides are symmetrically fixed in the movable base. The transmission gear of the second end is engaged with the transmission gear of the second end and the transmission gear of the second end is engaged with the transmission gear of the second end.

[0011] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation device, the pneumatic blowing assembly includes an L-shaped adjustment base, an array nozzle adjustment side plate, an array nozzle mechanism, a connecting piece and a diverter; the bottom of the L-shaped adjustment base is fixed to the outer wall of the top frame plate of the upper cover, the array nozzle adjustment side plates are fixed on both sides of the L-shaped adjustment base, and the diverter is fixed to the rear of the L-shaped adjustment base; the array nozzle adjustment side plates are connected to the array nozzle mechanism through connecting pieces.

[0012] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation device, the array nozzle mechanism includes a nozzle fixing shell, a long axis, a plurality of solenoid valves and a plurality of V-shaped nozzles; the two side plates of the nozzle fixing shell are each provided with a group of first strip grooves and a group of first arc grooves; the V-shaped nozzles are installed on the solenoid valves arranged in a front-to-back staggered manner, and the solenoid valves are divided into two rows, front and back, and the two rows of solenoid valves are slidably connected to the first strip grooves of the nozzle fixing shell through two long axes.

[0013] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation device, a group of second strip grooves and a group of second arc grooves are provided on the connecting piece for facilitating the adjustment of the side plate connection of the array nozzle, and the rotational connection between the array nozzle mechanism and the connecting piece can be achieved by an anti-slip rod installed between the first arc groove and the second arc groove.

[0014] The present invention also provides an adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation method, which is implemented based on the above-mentioned adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation device, and includes the following steps:

[0015] S1. When the vertical relative position of the pneumatic separation device needs to be dynamically adjusted, the second stepper motor is activated, transmitting motion to the second drive gear mounted on the transmission shaft via the transmission gear set. The second drive gear then transmits motion to the transverse rack mounted on the transverse slide. The transverse rack, driven by the second stepper motor, reciprocates, driving the connecting rod of the double scissor-type telescopic frame mounted thereon to swing, thereby adjusting the angle between the two adjacent connecting rods. When the angle between the two adjacent connecting rods decreases, the upper cover moves upward under the force of the connecting rod, and vice versa, it moves downward under the action of gravity.

[0016] S2. When the front-to-rear relative position of the pneumatic separation device needs to be dynamically adjusted, the first stepper motor is activated, and the motion is transmitted to the longitudinal rack mounted on the bottom of the mobile base via the first drive gear. Under the action of the first stepper motor, the longitudinal rack drives the mobile base to perform forward and backward translational motion;

[0017] S3. Fine-tune the relative position and nozzle angle using a pneumatic blowing assembly mounted on the outer wall of the top frame of the upper cover. The specific operations are as follows: First, adjust the nozzle angle by rotating the first arcuate groove of the array nozzle mechanism and the second arcuate groove of the connector. Second, fine-tune the vertical and front-back positions by sliding the second strip groove of the connector and the first strip groove of the array nozzle adjustment side plate.

[0018] S4. Dynamically adjust the relative positions of the two rows of solenoid valves according to the particle size distribution of the material to be separated; when the particle size of the material to be separated is large, increase the distance between the two rows of solenoid valves to change the single row of nozzles into a double row of nozzles; when the particle size of the material to be separated is small, decrease the distance between the two rows of solenoid valves to change the double row of nozzles into a single row of nozzles;

[0019] S5. After the device is installed, the material distribution system and the belt conveyor are started, and the material to be identified is transported to the identification system under the action of the material distribution system and the belt conveyor;

[0020] S6. The recognition system uses image processing and artificial intelligence technology to classify the materials to be identified and transmits the location information of the materials to be rejected to the pneumatic separation device;

[0021] S7. Start the high-pressure gas generating system and deliver the high-pressure gas to the inside of the solenoid valve. When the pneumatic separation device receives the separation command, the solenoid valve starts after a period of delay, and the V-shaped nozzle sprays the high-pressure gas to hit the material to be separated, causing its motion trajectory to change, thereby achieving material separation.

[0022] Furthermore, in step S7, the delay time is calculated as shown in formula (1):

[0023]

[0024] Where v is the speed of the belt conveyor, d1 is the distance between the material and the end of the conveyor, which can be directly obtained through image calculation and manual measurement; d2 is the distance between the end of the conveyor and the injection position. The calculation steps are as follows:

[0025] During the period from leaving the belt surface to moving to the airflow working area, the material is mainly affected by the belt speed v and the acceleration of gravity g. According to the horizontal throw formula, the horizontal movement distance d2 of the material can be obtained:

[0026] d2=vt1 (2)

[0027] h2=h-(d2-x)tanq (3)

[0028]

[0029] Further deduction yields:

[0030]

[0031] The distance d2 from the end of the conveyor to the injection position is an implicit function of itself and cannot be calculated directly. It needs further processing. First, move the function term containing the distance d2 in formula (6) to one side of the equation:

[0032]

[0033] Considering v, θ, h, and x as constants, the quadratic equation containing the moving distance d2, i.e., formula (8), can be processed using the matching method to obtain the distance d2 from the end of the conveyor to the injection position:

[0034]

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] 1. Improved adjustment flexibility: The spatial position of the pneumatic separation device can be flexibly adjusted through the coordination between the upper and lower position adjustment components and the front and rear position adjustment components. The arc grooves and long grooves of the pneumatic blowing device's connectors can be used to fine-tune the spatial position and adaptively adjust the spray angle. This allows for adaptability to conveyor belts of different heights, and the spray angle and direction can be dynamically adjusted according to the belt speed and sorting requirements, improving adjustment flexibility compared to traditional devices.

[0037] 2. Improved adaptability to working conditions: The two long shafts of the pneumatic spraying device divide the solenoid valve and V-shaped nozzles into two groups, front and back. This not only creates a denser spraying area, but also easily switches between single and double rows of nozzles by sliding the two long shafts relative to each other within the long slot. Compared to traditional devices, the invented device can adjust the number of nozzle rows and spraying scheme in real time according to the sorting working conditions and material particle size, and has higher adaptability to working conditions.

[0038] 3. Reduce operating costs: By improving the device's adjustment flexibility and adaptability to working conditions, the invented device can dynamically adapt to different sorting equipment and diverse working conditions, thereby avoiding the repeated development and customized production of traditional single-function equipment, and significantly reducing equipment redundancy costs and deployment cycles. By flexibly switching between single and double-row nozzles, nozzle utilization is improved, reducing dust clogging caused by nozzles not being used for a long time when separating small-particle materials, and reducing maintenance costs and spare parts costs.

[0039] 4. Improve resource utilization: The invented device can improve the accuracy of separation of coal and gangue, improve the utilization efficiency of coal resources, and achieve clean and efficient use of coal.

[0040] Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the above advantages at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0042] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention as a whole;

[0043] Figure 2Schematic diagram of the front-rear position adjustment assembly and the exterior of the front-rear position adjustment assembly in the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the front-rear position adjustment component and the internal structure of the front-rear position adjustment component in the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the mobile base in the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the pneumatic blowing assembly of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the composition of the array nozzle mechanism of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting member in the present invention;

[0049] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the single / double nozzle conversion in the present invention;

[0050] In the accompanying drawings, the reference numerals of the various components are as follows:

[0051] 1-belt conveyor;

[0052] 2-front and rear position adjustment assembly, 201-support base, 202-longitudinal rack, 203-first stepper motor, 204-first drive gear, 205-bump;

[0053] 3- front and rear position adjustment assembly, 301- movable base, 302- lower cover, 303- middle cover, 304- upper cover, 305- roller, 306- transverse slide bar, 307- transverse rack, 308- transmission shaft, 309- positioning shaft, 310- second stepper motor, 311- transmission gear set, 312- second drive gear, 313- double scissor-type telescopic frame, 314- first axis hole, 315- transverse slide hole, 316- second axis hole, 317- double-plate track structure;

[0054] 4-pneumatic blowing assembly, 401-L-shaped adjustment base, 402-array nozzle adjustment side plate, 403-array nozzle mechanism, 404-connecting piece, 405-diverter, 406-nozzle fixing housing, 407-long axis, 408-solenoid valve, 409-V-shaped nozzle, 410-first strip groove, 411-first arc groove, 412-second arc groove, 413-second strip groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] like Figures 1-8 As shown, this embodiment provides an adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation device, including a front and rear position adjustment component 2, an upper and lower position adjustment component 3 and a pneumatic blowing component 4. The front and rear position adjustment component 2 is installed below the end of the belt conveyor 1, the upper and lower position adjustment component 3 is installed at the upper end of the front and rear position adjustment component 2, and the pneumatic blowing component 4 is installed at the top of the upper and lower position adjustment component 3.

[0057] In this embodiment, the front-to-back position adjustment assembly 2 includes a support base 201, a longitudinal rack 202, a first stepper motor 203, and a first drive gear 204. The lower end of the support base 201 is fixed to a foundation or a carrier, and the upper end of the support base 201 is mounted with the first stepper motor 203. The output end of the first stepper motor 203 is mounted with the first drive gear 204 that meshes with the longitudinal rack 202. The upper end of the support base 201 is provided with bumps 205 near both sides.

[0058] In this embodiment, the up and down position adjustment component 3 includes a movable base 301, a lower cover 302, an intermediate cover 303, an upper cover 304, a roller 305, a transverse slide bar 306, a transverse rack 307, a transmission shaft 308, a positioning shaft 309, a second stepping motor 310, a transmission gear set 311, a second driving gear 312 and a double scissor-type telescopic frame 313; the movable base 301 is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the longitudinal rack 202, the lower part of the movable base 301 is provided with a double-plate track structure 317, the double-plate track structure is provided with a roller 305 that can roll along the upper surface of the protrusion 205, the upper end of the movable base 301 is installed with a lower cover 301, the upper outer side of the lower cover 301 is slidably sleeved with the intermediate cover 303, and the upper outer side of the intermediate cover 303 is slidably sleeved with the upper cover 304; two transverse slide bars 306 are symmetrically fixed in the movable base 301, The outer sliding sleeve of the horizontal slide bar 306 is provided with a horizontal rack 307, and a transmission shaft 308 is movably supported in the mobile base 301. A positioning shaft 309 and a second stepping motor 310 are installed in the mobile base 301. One end of the transmission shaft 308 is transmission-connected to the output shaft of the second stepping motor 310 through a transmission gear set 311, and the other end of the transmission shaft 308 is provided with a second driving gear 312 that meshes with the horizontal rack 307; the lower free ends of the double scissor-type telescopic frame 313 are respectively rotatably connected to the horizontal rack 307 on the corresponding side, and the other three ends of the scissor-type telescopic frame 313 are each sleeved on a positioning shaft 309, and a first shaft hole 314 that cooperates with a corresponding positioning shaft 309 is opened on the mobile base 301, and a horizontal sliding hole 315 and a second shaft hole 316 that cooperates with the corresponding two positioning shafts 309 are respectively opened on the upper cover 304.

[0059] In this embodiment, the pneumatic blowing assembly 4 includes an L-shaped adjustment base 401, an array nozzle adjustment side plate 402, an array nozzle mechanism 403, a connecting piece 404 and a diverter 405; the bottom of the L-shaped adjustment base 401 is fixed to the outer wall of the top frame plate of the upper cover 304, the array nozzle adjustment side plate 402 is fixed on both sides of the L-shaped adjustment base 401, and the diverter 405 is fixed to the rear of the L-shaped adjustment base; the array nozzle adjustment side plate 402 is connected to the array nozzle mechanism 403 through the connecting piece 404.

[0060] In this embodiment, the array nozzle mechanism 403 includes a nozzle fixing shell 406, a long axis 407, a plurality of solenoid valves 408 and a plurality of V-shaped nozzles 409; the two side plates of the nozzle fixing shell 406 are each provided with a group of first strip grooves 410 and a group of first arc grooves 411; the V-shaped nozzles 409 are installed on the solenoid valves 408 that are staggered in the front and back, and the solenoid valves 408 are divided into two rows in the front and back, and the two rows of solenoid valves 408 are slidably connected to the first strip grooves 410 of the nozzle fixing shell 406 through two long axes 407.

[0061] In this embodiment, a group of second strip grooves 413 and a group of second arc grooves 412 are provided on the connecting member 404 for facilitating the connection of the array nozzle adjustment side plate 402. The array nozzle mechanism 403 and the connecting member 404 can be rotatably connected by an anti-slip rod installed between the first arc groove 411 and the second arc groove 412.

[0062] This embodiment also provides an adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation method, which includes the following steps:

[0063] S1. When the vertical relative position of the pneumatic separation device needs to be dynamically adjusted, the second stepper motor 310 is started, and the motion is transmitted to the second drive gear 312 mounted on the transmission shaft 308 through the transmission gear set 311. The second drive gear 312 then transmits the motion to the transverse rack 307 mounted on the transverse slide 306; the transverse rack 307 is driven to reciprocate under the action of the second stepper motor 310, and drives the connecting rod of the double scissor-type telescopic frame 313 mounted thereon to swing, thereby adjusting the angle between the two adjacent connecting rods; when the angle between the two adjacent connecting rods decreases, the upper cover 304 moves upward under the push of the connecting rod, and vice versa, it moves downward under the action of gravity;

[0064] S2. When the front-to-rear relative position of the pneumatic separation device needs to be dynamically adjusted, the first stepper motor 203 is started, and the motion is transmitted to the longitudinal rack 202 mounted on the bottom of the movable base 301 via the first drive gear 204. Under the action of the first stepper motor 203, the longitudinal rack 202 drives the movable base 301 to perform a forward and backward translational motion;

[0065] S3. Fine-tune the relative position and nozzle angle using the pneumatic blowing assembly 4 mounted on the outer wall of the top frame of the upper cover. The specific operations are as follows: First, adjust the nozzle angle by rotating the first arcuate groove 411 of the array nozzle mechanism 403 and the second arcuate groove 412 of the connecting member 404. Second, fine-tune the vertical and front-back positions by sliding the second strip groove 413 of the connecting member 404 and the first strip groove 410 of the array nozzle adjustment side plate 402.

[0066] S4, dynamically adjust the relative positions of the two rows of solenoid valves 408 according to the particle size distribution of the material to be separated; Figure 8 As shown, when the particle size of the material to be separated is large, the two long shafts are moved outward, and the long shaft 407 slides in the first strip groove 410, driving the solenoid valve 408 and the V-shaped nozzle 409 to move horizontally, thereby expanding the distance d between the two rows of solenoid valves. p, so that the single row of nozzles becomes a double row of nozzles; when the particle size of the material to be separated is small, the two long shafts 407 are moved inward, and the long shafts 407 slide in the first strip groove 410, driving the solenoid valves and the V-shaped nozzles to move in a translational motion, reducing the distance d between the two rows of solenoid valves 408 p , so that the double row nozzle becomes a single row nozzle.

[0067] S5. After the device is installed, the material distribution system and the belt conveyor are started, and the material to be identified is transported to the identification system under the action of the material distribution system and the belt conveyor 1;

[0068] S6. The recognition system uses image processing and artificial intelligence technology to classify the materials to be identified and transmits the location information of the materials to be rejected to the pneumatic separation device;

[0069] S7. Start the high-pressure gas generating system and deliver the high-pressure gas to the inside of the solenoid valve 408; when the pneumatic separation device receives the separation command, the solenoid valve 408 is started after a period of delay, and the V-shaped nozzle 409 sprays the high-pressure gas to hit the material to be separated, causing its motion trajectory to change, thereby achieving material separation.

[0070] The calculation of delay time is shown in formula (1):

[0071]

[0072] Where v is the speed of the belt conveyor, d1 is the distance between the material and the end of the conveyor, which can be directly obtained through image calculation and manual measurement; d2 is the distance between the end of the conveyor and the injection position. The calculation steps are as follows:

[0073] During the period from leaving the belt surface to moving to the airflow working area, the material is mainly affected by the belt speed v and the acceleration of gravity g. According to the horizontal throw formula, the horizontal movement distance d2 of the material can be obtained:

[0074] d2=vt1 (2)

[0075] h2=h-(d2-x)tanq (3)

[0076]

[0077] Further deduction yields:

[0078]

[0079] The distance d2 from the end of the conveyor to the injection position is an implicit function of itself and cannot be calculated directly. It needs further processing. First, move the function term containing the distance d2 in formula (6) to one side of the equation:

[0080]

[0081] Considering v, θ, h, and x as constants, the quadratic equation containing the moving distance d2, i.e., formula (8), can be processed using the matching method to obtain the distance d2 from the end of the conveyor to the injection position:

[0082]

[0083] This embodiment flexibly adjusts the spatial position of the pneumatic separation device through the coordination between the upper and lower position adjustment components 3 and the front and rear position adjustment components 2; and utilizes the connector of the pneumatic blowing component 4 to fine-tune the spatial position and adaptively adjust the spray angle. This allows the device to adapt to conveyor belts of different heights and dynamically adjust the spray angle and direction according to the belt speed and sorting requirements. The two long shafts 407 of the pneumatic blowing component 4 divide the solenoid valve 408 and the V-shaped nozzle 409 into two groups, front and back, which not only achieves a more dense spraying area, but also easily realizes the conversion between a single row of nozzles and a double row of nozzles by sliding the two long shafts 407 relative to each other in the first strip groove 410; ensuring that the number of nozzle rows and the spraying scheme can be adjusted in real time according to the sorting working conditions and material particle size, and having higher adaptability to working conditions. By improving the adjustment flexibility and working condition adaptability of the device, the device can dynamically adapt to different sorting equipment and diversified working condition requirements, thereby avoiding the repeated development and customized production of traditional single-function equipment, and significantly reducing equipment redundancy costs and deployment cycles. In addition, by flexibly switching between single / double-row nozzles, the nozzle utilization rate is improved, and the dust clogging phenomenon caused by nozzles not being used for a long time when the double-row nozzles separate small-particle materials is reduced, thereby reducing maintenance costs and spare parts costs.

[0084] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are intended only to help illustrate the present invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the present invention to specific embodiments. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible based on the contents of this specification. These embodiments are selected and described in detail in this specification to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the present invention. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. An adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation device, characterized in that: It includes a front and rear position adjustment component, an up and down position adjustment component and a pneumatic blowing component. The front and rear position adjustment component is installed below the end of the belt conveyor, the up and down position adjustment component is installed at the upper end of the front and rear position adjustment component, and the pneumatic blowing component is installed at the top of the up and down position adjustment component.

2. The adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front and rear position adjustment assembly includes a support base, a longitudinal rack, a first stepper motor and a first drive gear. The lower end of the support base is fixed to the foundation or carrier, the upper end of the support base is installed with the first stepper motor, and the output end of the first stepper motor is installed with the first drive gear engaged with the longitudinal rack. The upper end of the support base is provided with bumps near both sides.

3. The adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper and lower position adjustment components include a movable base, a lower cover, an intermediate cover, an upper cover, a roller, a transverse slide bar, a transverse rack, a transmission shaft, a positioning shaft, a second stepping motor, a transmission gear set, a second driving gear and a double scissor-type telescopic frame; the movable base is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the longitudinal rack, and the lower part of the movable base is provided with a double-plate track structure, and the double-plate track structure is provided with a roller that can roll along the upper surface of the protrusion. The upper end of the movable base is installed with a lower cover, and the upper outer side of the lower cover is slidably sleeved with the intermediate cover, and the upper outer side of the intermediate cover is slidably sleeved with the upper cover; two transverse slide bars are symmetrically fixed in the movable base, and the outer sides of the transverse slide bars are The sliding sleeve is provided with a transverse rack, and a transmission shaft is movably supported in the movable base, and a positioning shaft and a second stepping motor are installed in the movable base, and one end of the transmission shaft is transmission-connected to the output shaft of the second stepping motor via a transmission gear set, and the other end of the transmission shaft is provided with a second driving gear meshing with the transverse rack; the lower free ends of the double scissor-type telescopic frame are respectively rotatably connected to the transverse racks on the corresponding sides, and the other three ends of the scissor-type telescopic frame are respectively sleeved on a positioning shaft, and a first shaft hole that cooperates with a corresponding positioning shaft is opened on the movable base, and a transverse sliding hole and a second shaft hole that cooperate with the corresponding two positioning shafts are respectively opened on the upper cover.

4. The adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pneumatic blowing assembly includes an L-shaped adjustment base, an array nozzle adjustment side plate, an array nozzle mechanism, a connecting piece and a diverter; the bottom of the L-shaped adjustment base is fixed to the outer wall of the top frame plate of the upper cover, the array nozzle adjustment side plate is fixed on both sides of the L-shaped adjustment base, and the diverter is fixed to the rear of the L-shaped adjustment base; the array nozzle adjustment side plate is connected to the array nozzle mechanism through a connecting piece.

5. The adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The array nozzle mechanism includes a nozzle fixing shell, a long axis, a plurality of solenoid valves and a plurality of V-shaped nozzles; the two side plates of the nozzle fixing shell are each provided with a group of first strip grooves and a group of first arc grooves; the V-shaped nozzles are installed on the solenoid valves arranged in a front-to-back staggered manner, and the solenoid valves are divided into two rows, front and back, and the two rows of solenoid valves are slidably connected to the first strip grooves of the nozzle fixing shell through two long axes.

6. The adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The connecting piece is provided with a group of second strip grooves and a group of second arc grooves for facilitating the connection of the array nozzle adjustment side plates. The array nozzle mechanism and the connecting piece can be rotatably connected by an anti-slip rod installed between the first arc groove and the second arc groove.

7. An adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation method, implemented based on the adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation device according to claims 1-6, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1. When the vertical relative position of the pneumatic separation device needs to be dynamically adjusted, the second stepper motor is activated, transmitting motion to the second drive gear mounted on the transmission shaft via the transmission gear set. The second drive gear then transmits motion to the transverse rack mounted on the transverse slide. The transverse rack, driven by the second stepper motor, reciprocates, driving the connecting rod of the double scissor-type telescopic frame mounted thereon to swing, thereby adjusting the angle between the two adjacent connecting rods. When the angle between the two adjacent connecting rods decreases, the upper cover moves upward under the force of the connecting rod, and vice versa, it moves downward under the action of gravity. S2. When the front-to-rear relative position of the pneumatic separation device needs to be dynamically adjusted, the first stepper motor is activated, and the motion is transmitted to the longitudinal rack mounted on the bottom of the mobile base via the first drive gear. Under the action of the first stepper motor, the longitudinal rack drives the mobile base to perform forward and backward translational motion; S3. Fine-tune the relative position and nozzle angle using a pneumatic blowing assembly mounted on the outer wall of the top frame of the upper cover. The specific operations are as follows: First, adjust the nozzle angle by rotating the first arcuate groove of the array nozzle mechanism and the second arcuate groove of the connector. Second, fine-tune the vertical and front-back positions by sliding the second strip groove of the connector and the first strip groove of the array nozzle adjustment side plate. S4. Dynamically adjust the relative positions of the two rows of solenoid valves according to the particle size distribution of the material to be separated; when the particle size of the material to be separated is large, increase the distance between the two rows of solenoid valves to change the single row of nozzles into a double row of nozzles; when the particle size of the material to be separated is small, decrease the distance between the two rows of solenoid valves to change the double row of nozzles into a single row of nozzles; S5. After the device is installed, the material distribution system and the belt conveyor are started, and the material to be identified is transported to the identification system under the action of the material distribution system and the belt conveyor; S6. The recognition system uses image processing and artificial intelligence technology to classify the materials to be identified and transmits the location information of the materials to be rejected to the pneumatic separation device; S7. Start the high-pressure gas generating system and deliver the high-pressure gas to the inside of the solenoid valve. When the pneumatic separation device receives the separation command, the solenoid valve starts after a period of delay, and the V-shaped nozzle sprays the high-pressure gas to hit the material to be separated, causing its motion trajectory to change, thereby achieving material separation.

8. The adjustable coal gangue pneumatic separation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S7, the delay time is calculated as shown in formula (1): Where v is the speed of the belt conveyor, d1 is the distance between the material and the end of the conveyor, which can be directly obtained through image calculation and manual measurement; d2 is the distance between the end of the conveyor and the injection position. The calculation steps are as follows: During the period from leaving the belt surface to moving to the airflow working area, the material is mainly affected by the belt speed v and the acceleration of gravity g. According to the horizontal throw formula, the horizontal movement distance d2 of the material can be obtained: d2=vt1 (2) h2=h-(d2-x)tanq (3) Further deduction yields: The distance d2 from the end of the conveyor to the injection position is an implicit function of itself and cannot be calculated directly. It needs further processing. First, move the function term containing the distance d2 in formula (6) to one side of the equation: Considering v, θ, h, and x as constants, the quadratic equation containing the moving distance d2, i.e., formula (8), can be processed using the matching method to obtain the distance d2 from the end of the conveyor to the injection position:

Images