Laser cladding and surface polishing device and method

Abstract

The invention provides a laser cladding and surface polishing device and method, and belongs to the technical field of cladding equipment. The laser cladding and surface polishing device comprises a machine base which is provided with a cavity; the workbench is mounted in the cavity and used for fixing a to-be-repaired workpiece; the first laser head and the second laser head are both installed in the cavity and located above the workbench, and laser emitted by the second laser head and laser emitted by the first laser head are coaxially arranged; the powder conveying mechanism comprises a powder feeder and a powder nozzle connected with the powder feeder, and the powder nozzle is located above the workbench; and the controller is used for controlling the powder feeder and the first laser head to carry out cladding operation according to a preset path, and controlling the second laser head to carry out surface polishing after single-pass cladding is finished at a preset time interval. The laser emitted by the first laser head and the laser emitted by the second laser head are coaxially arranged, so that repeated positioning is not needed during polishing after cladding, the polishing efficiency is improved, and the polishing thermal stress can be reduced by controlling the interval duration and utilizing cladding waste heat.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of cladding equipment, and more specifically, relates to a laser cladding and surface polishing device and method. Background Art

[0002] In the industrial field, metal parts such as pipes, valves, crankshafts, and molds work in high-temperature, high-pressure, and highly corrosive environments for a long time, which can easily cause surface wear, corrosion, or fatigue cracks, leading to performance degradation or even failure. Compared with directly replacing new parts, surface repair and strengthening of damaged parts can significantly reduce costs and extend service life. Although traditional surface treatment technologies such as electrochromium plating, surfacing, and thermal spraying can achieve surface strengthening, the coating is not firmly bonded to the substrate and is prone to peeling. For this reason, laser cladding technology is currently used for surface repair. With the increasing requirements for surface quality of high-end equipment, mechanical polishing is required to polish the cladding layer after laser cladding, which is cumbersome and has low processing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a laser cladding and surface polishing device and method to solve the technical problem of low efficiency of mechanical polishing after cladding in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is to provide a laser cladding and surface polishing device, comprising:

[0005] a machine base having a chamber;

[0006] a workbench, installed in the chamber and used to fix the workpiece to be repaired;

[0007] a first laser head, mounted in the chamber and located above the workbench;

[0008] a second laser head, installed in the chamber and located above the workbench, wherein the laser light emitted by the second laser head is coaxial with the laser light emitted by the first laser head;

[0009] a powder conveying mechanism, comprising a powder feeder and a powder nozzle, wherein the powder feeder is connected to the powder nozzle, and the powder nozzle is located above the workbench;

[0010] A controller is used to control the powder feeder and the first laser head to perform cladding operations according to a preset path, and to control the second laser head to perform surface polishing at a preset interval after a single cladding pass is completed.

[0011] Optionally, the powder nozzle has a central channel and a peripheral annular cavity, the laser beam emitted by the first laser head passes through the central channel, and the powder feeder is connected to the peripheral annular cavity.

[0012] Optionally, a gas protection mechanism is further included, and the gas protection mechanism includes a gas source and a gas nozzle, the gas source is connected to the gas nozzle, and the gas nozzle is installed on the first laser head.

[0013] Optionally, the powder nozzle has a gas channel, which is arranged between the central channel and the peripheral annular cavity and connected to the gas source, so that the gas nozzle is integrated with the powder nozzle.

[0014] Optionally, the workbench includes a clamp, a first base and a second base, the clamp is rotatably mounted on the first base around a vertical direction, the first base is rotatably mounted on the second base around a horizontal direction, and the second base is fixed in the chamber.

[0015] Optionally, the clamp includes a clamp base, a first clamp and a second clamp, at least one of the first clamp and the second clamp is movably mounted on the clamp base, the clamp base is mounted on the first base body, and the first clamp and the second clamp are used to clamp the opposite sides of the workpiece to be repaired.

[0016] Optionally, the first laser head includes an infrared laser generator and a first 3D galvanometer, and the first 3D galvanometer is installed at the light output end of the infrared laser generator and is used to adjust the spot position of the laser generated by the infrared laser generator on the surface of the workpiece to be repaired.

[0017] Optionally, the second laser head includes an ultraviolet laser generator and a second 3D galvanometer, and the second 3D galvanometer is installed at the light output end of the ultraviolet laser generator to adjust the spot position of the laser generated by the ultraviolet laser generator on the surface of the workpiece to be repaired.

[0018] The present application also provides a laser cladding and surface polishing method, which uses the laser cladding and surface polishing device as described above;

[0019] fixing the workpiece to be repaired on the workbench;

[0020] Controlling the first laser head and the powder feeder to scan the workpiece to be repaired according to a preset path;

[0021] After a single cladding pass is completed, the second laser head is controlled to perform surface polishing on the workpiece to be repaired at intervals of a preset time;

[0022] The preset duration does not exceed 10 seconds.

[0023] Optionally, the preset path is arcuate.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the laser cladding and surface polishing device and method provided in the present application are: compared with the existing technology, the present application adopts a first laser head in combination with a powder feeder for cladding, and starts the second laser head for surface polishing at a preset interval after the completion of a single cladding. Since the laser emitted by the first laser head and the laser emitted by the second laser head are coaxially arranged, there is no need for repeated positioning after cladding, thereby improving the polishing efficiency, and can utilize the residual heat of cladding by controlling the interval time to reduce the thermal stress of polishing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or descriptions of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a laser cladding and surface polishing device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cooperation between the second laser head and the first laser head provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the cooperation between the first laser head and the workbench provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the operation of the first laser head, gas protection mechanism and powder conveying mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a powder nozzle used in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the scanning path of the first laser head provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Among them, the reference numerals in the figures are:

[0033] 10. Machine base; 11. Chamber; 20. Workbench; 30. Fixture; 301. Fixture base; 302. First clamp; 303. Second clamp; 41. First base body; 42. Second base body; 50. First laser head; 51. Infrared laser generator; 52. First 3D galvanometer; 60. Second laser head; 61. Ultraviolet laser generator; 62. Second 3D galvanometer; 70. Controller; 80. Powder conveying mechanism; 82. Powder nozzle; 83. Central channel; 84. Peripheral annular cavity; 85. Gas channel; 90. Gas protection mechanism; 100. Workpiece to be repaired. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by this application more clearly understood, this application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0035] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being “fixed on” or “disposed on” another element, it may be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being “connected to” another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0036] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0037] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. Throughout the description of this application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0038] At present, metal parts such as pipes and valves used in industry are prone to surface damage in long-term high-temperature, high-intensity and highly corrosive environments, which in turn affects the performance of the parts. The cost of repairing scrapped parts (such as crankshafts and molds) is much lower than that of new parts. Therefore, it is necessary to perform cladding repair on the surface of the parts to improve the surface performance of the parts. Traditional surface treatment technologies such as electrochromium plating, surfacing, and thermal spraying often use the method of cladding alloy powders through overall heat treatment to make the performance of the parts meet the use requirements. However, traditional surface treatment technologies have problems such as environmental pollution, high energy consumption, and low bonding strength. As the core technology of additive manufacturing and surface engineering, laser cladding uses a high-energy laser beam to melt the synchronously transported alloy powder to form a metallurgically bonded strengthening layer on the surface of the substrate. It is widely used in aerospace, energy equipment, mold repair and other fields.

[0039] To this end, the present invention provides a laser cladding and surface polishing device, see Figure 1, which includes a machine base 10, a workbench 20, a first laser head 50, a second laser head 60, a powder conveying mechanism 80 and a controller 70. The machine base 10 has a chamber 11, and the workbench 20, the first laser head 50 and the second laser head 60 are all installed in the chamber 11. The workbench 20 is used to fix the workpiece 100 to be repaired. The first laser head 50 and the second laser head 60 are both located above the workbench 20. The first laser head 50 emits infrared light that can scan any position of the workpiece 100 to be repaired fixed on the workbench 20. The laser emitted by the second laser head 60 is coaxial with the laser emitted by the first laser head 50.

[0040] The powder delivery mechanism 80 includes a powder feeder and a powder nozzle 82. The powder feeder is connected to the powder nozzle 82, which is located above the workbench 20. The powder feeder deposits powder onto the workpiece to be repaired via the powder nozzle 82, and the cladding operation is performed using infrared light emitted by the first laser head 50. The controller 70 controls the powder feeder and the first laser head 50 to perform the cladding operation along a preset path. After each cladding pass is completed, the second laser head 60 is controlled to perform surface polishing at a preset interval.

[0041] The machine base 10 is used to provide an installation location for the workbench 20, the first laser head 50, the second laser head 60 and the controller 70. Optionally, the machine base 10 is in the shape of a cabinet, and the workbench 20, the first laser head 50 and the second laser head 60 are arranged in the cabinet to improve the safety of laser operations. The controller 70 is installed on the machine base 10. For easy movement, a plurality of movable wheels are installed at the bottom of the machine base 10. For example, the machine base 10 is a square cabinet, and a movable wheel is installed at each of its four corners. The movable wheel is a roller with a self-locking function. When it moves to the target position, the position of the base is fixed by self-locking. In addition, a height adjustment piece can be provided at the bottom of the machine base 10 to facilitate leveling to adapt to different installation surfaces.

[0042] The workbench 20 is used to secure the workpiece 100 to be repaired, preventing it from moving during laser operation, which could affect the cladding and surface polishing results. In one optional embodiment, the workbench 20 includes a clamp 30, which clamps and secures the workpiece 100 to be repaired. In another optional embodiment, the workbench 20 includes a vacuum suction cup, which secures the workpiece 100 to be repaired. Alternatively, the workbench 20 may employ other positioning structures, as long as they can assist in securing the workpiece 100 to be repaired.

[0043] In an alternative embodiment, the worktable 20 is fixed within the chamber 11, and the positions of the light spots irradiated by the first laser head 50 and the second laser head 60 on the surface of the workpiece 100 to be repaired are movable. In another alternative embodiment, the worktable 20 is movably mounted within the chamber 11. For example, the worktable 20 can be moved within the chamber 11 via a two-dimensional motion platform to adjust the processing position.

[0044] The surface of the workpiece 100 to be repaired can be a three-dimensional curved surface or other special-shaped curved surface, or it can be a flat surface. The workpiece 100 to be repaired can be a metal structural component or a structural component made of a hard and brittle material. For example, the workpiece 100 to be repaired can be a metal alloy component. Another example is a structural component made of a hard and brittle material such as a composite ceramic or glass. The workpiece 100 to be repaired can be used in a variety of industries, including consumer electronics, 3D printing, precision mold manufacturing, aerospace, petrochemicals, and architectural decoration.

[0045] Optionally, the first laser head 50 is an infrared laser light source capable of providing infrared pulsed laser or infrared continuous laser. Specifically, the infrared laser has a power of 800 to 1500W, with a power density high enough to melt the metal powder delivered by the powder feeder and, under the action of surface tension, form a metallurgical bond with the workpiece to be repaired 100, thereby achieving the repair effect. For example, the first laser head 50 emits a 1060nm, 1500W continuous laser as the cladding light source for the powder feeder.

[0046] Optionally, the second laser head 60 is a UV laser light source capable of providing UV picosecond or UV femtosecond laser light for surface polishing. The UV laser pulse energy provided by the second laser head 60 is 50-200 μJ, with a frequency of 100-500 kHz. Taking the UV femtosecond laser emitted by the second laser head 60 as an example, the UV femtosecond laser energy density is 60%-80% of the ablation threshold of the cladding layer, simultaneously achieving micro-area remelting during polishing, with a remelting depth of less than 5 μm, thus sealing the pores in the cladding layer. Taking the UV femtosecond laser provided by the second laser head 60 as an example, the pulse width of the UV femtosecond laser is much shorter than the electron-phonon coupling time and the thermal diffusion time of the material. This strictly limits the processing range to an extremely small area, resulting in a smaller heat-affected zone (HAZ). This effectively avoids the thermal side effects of large HAZs and thermal cracking that are common during continuous-wave and pulsed laser polishing of ceramic materials. Furthermore, the time between the polishing and cladding steps is short, resulting in a fast response speed. The residual heat from the cladding process minimizes polishing thermal stress during the polishing process. Optionally, the second laser head 60 provides an ultraviolet femtosecond laser of 355 nm, which is used as a light source for polishing the surface of the sample after cladding to eliminate stress and surface defects of the cladding layer.

[0047] In order to achieve precise repair and polishing effects on the surface of the workpiece 100 to be repaired, the process parameters of the laser processing must be optimized according to the different features of the workpiece 100 to be repaired. The controller 70 controls the laser power pulse repetition frequency, pulse width, laser scanning speed, spot diameter, overlap of the two spots, defocus, beam incident angle and spot coupling mode and other process parameters emitted by the first laser head 50 and the second laser head 60. Specifically, the controller 70 controls the powder feeder and the first laser head 50 to perform melting repair on the workpiece 100 to be repaired, and controls the second laser head 60 to perform polishing by preheating the cladding layer after a preset time interval to reduce polishing thermal stress. Optionally, the preset time does not exceed 10s.

[0048] When using, refer to Figure 4 The laser emitted by the first laser head 50 melts the powder delivered by the powder feeder to perform a cladding operation on the surface of the workpiece 100 to be repaired. After the single-pass cladding is completed, the second laser head 60 is started at a preset interval to perform surface polishing. This allows the second laser head 60 to utilize the residual heat retained by the cladding repair of the first laser head 50 during polishing. At the same time, the first laser head 50 and the second laser head 60 perform dual laser beam processing on the workpiece 100 to be repaired, complementing the advantages of two lasers with different wavelengths and light output modes, capable of repairing the surface of complex parts and obtaining a high-quality surface.

[0049] The laser cladding and surface polishing device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used not only for the additive and subtractive composite manufacturing of planar parts, but also for the laser polishing of parts with complex free-form surface shapes. It can solve the problem of additive and subtractive manufacturing of 3D curved surfaces of hard and brittle materials and meet the actual needs in industrial production. The present application adopts a first laser head 50 and a powder feeder to perform laser cladding. The heat-affected zone is controllable. Compared with traditional surfacing, the laser energy density is high and the heat input is concentrated, which can reduce the deformation of the substrate. Laser cladding supports the gradient deposition of composite materials such as nickel-based, cobalt-based, and metal ceramics to achieve wear-resistant / corrosion-resistant / fatigue-resistant multifunctional composite coatings. The material flexibility is high and the precision repair and remanufacturing of complex surfaces can be completed.

[0050] For high-end equipment requiring high-quality cladding layers, such as valve sealing surfaces and thermal barrier coatings on aircraft turbine blades, single-beam laser cladding offers improved efficiency compared to traditional cladding techniques. However, inherent drawbacks are becoming increasingly prominent, such as concentrated thermal stresses and poor microstructural uniformity caused by the cladding process. Consequently, current laser cladding techniques suffer from surface quality defects. For example, cladding layers deposited using infrared continuous lasers (such as 1064nm fiber lasers) are prone to waviness (Ra 1.5–3μm) and microcracks due to solidification shrinkage. Traditional mechanical polishing requires removing 10–30% of the cladding layer thickness to achieve a Ra of 0.4μm, resulting in material waste, damage to metallurgical bonds, and secondary processing losses.

[0051] The laser cladding and surface polishing device provided in the embodiment of the present application adopts a first laser head 50 in conjunction with a powder feeder for cladding, and starts a second laser head 60 for surface polishing at a preset interval after the completion of a single cladding pass. Since the laser emitted by the first laser head 50 and the laser emitted by the second laser head 60 are coaxially arranged, there is no need for repeated positioning for polishing after cladding, thereby improving the polishing efficiency, and can utilize the residual heat of cladding to reduce the thermal stress of polishing.

[0052] In some optional embodiments of this application, see Figure 5 The powder nozzle 82 has a central channel 83 and a peripheral annular cavity 84 . The laser beam emitted by the first laser head 50 passes through the central channel 83 , and the powder feeder is connected to the peripheral annular cavity 84 .

[0053] See Figure 5 The powder nozzle 82 is an annular structure, integrating the powder and laser channels within a single nozzle. Specifically, the powder nozzle 82 has a central channel 83 and a peripheral annular cavity 84. The central channel 83 serves as the path for the laser beam emitted by the first laser head 50; the peripheral annular cavity 84 communicates with the powder feeder and serves as the powder delivery channel.

[0054] The powder nozzle 82 integrates the powder and laser channels into a single nozzle, enabling coaxial placement of the powder and laser beam. This ensures a high degree of overlap between the laser beam and powder on the surface of the workpiece 100 being repaired, improving cladding efficiency and powder utilization while minimizing powder waste. Compared to side-feeding methods, the coaxial arrangement also supports complex three-dimensional surfaces and enhances process stability.

[0055] In some optional embodiments, see Figure 4 The laser cladding and surface polishing apparatus further includes a gas shielding mechanism 90, which is used to provide shielding gas and isolate air when the first laser head 50 is in operation. Specifically, the gas shielding mechanism 90 includes a gas source and a gas nozzle, the gas source and the gas nozzle being connected, and the gas nozzle being mounted on the first laser head 50.

[0056] The gas source is used to provide inert gas, and the gas nozzle is directed toward the workpiece 100 to be repaired, so as to isolate the air when the first laser head 50 performs the cladding operation, so as to prevent the molten pool from reacting with oxygen and nitrogen at high temperature to generate oxides, which will increase the brittleness of the cladding layer and reduce the bonding strength.

[0057] Optionally, the gas nozzle and the powder nozzle 82 are an integrated structure. Figure 5 The central channel 83 is used for the laser beam emitted by the first laser head 50 to pass through. A gas channel 85 is provided between the peripheral annular cavity 84 and the central channel 83 , and the protective gas passes through the gas channel 85 .

[0058] In some optional embodiments of this application, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The workbench 20 includes a fixture 30, a first base body 41 and a second base body 42. The fixture 30 is rotatably mounted on the first base body 41 in a vertical direction. The first base body 41 is rotatably mounted on the second base body 42 in a horizontal direction. The second base body 42 is fixed in the chamber 11.

[0059] The second base body 42 is fixed within the chamber 11 by bolts or other connecting members. A first rotary drive mechanism is mounted on the second base body 42, and the first base body 41 is in transmission connection with the driving end of the first rotary drive mechanism. Driven by the first rotary drive mechanism, the first base body 41 can flip horizontally relative to the second base body 42. A second rotary drive mechanism is mounted on the first base body 41, and the mounting base of the fixture 30 is in transmission connection with the driving end of the second rotary drive mechanism. Driven by the second rotary drive mechanism, the fixture 30 can rotate vertically relative to the first base body 41. As a result, the worktable 20 drives the workpiece 100 to be repaired to rotate left and right and flip up and down within the chamber 11, adjusting the inclination angle of the workpiece 100 to be repaired. During the process of cladding and surface polishing the workpiece 100 to be repaired, the first 3D galvanometer 52 and the second 3D galvanometer 62 control the movement of the laser spot in three directions and cooperate with the rotation of the worktable 20 in two directions, so that the laser spot can be processed on any curved surface on the surface of the workpiece 100 to be repaired.

[0060] The first base 41 has two first ears arranged opposite to each other, and the clamp 30 is accommodated between the two first ears and is rotatably engaged with the two first ears. For example, the first ears are provided with mounting holes, and the clamp seat 301 of the clamp 30 has two connecting shafts, which are inserted into the corresponding mounting holes and can rotate within the mounting holes. Driven by the second rotation drive mechanism, the connecting shafts rotate within the mounting holes, thereby rotating the clamp 30 relative to the first base 41. Similarly, the second base 42 has two second ears arranged opposite to each other, and the first base 41 is accommodated between the two second ears and is rotatably engaged with the two second ears. Driven by the first rotation drive mechanism, the first base 41 can rotate relative to the second base 42.

[0061] See Figure 3 The clamp 30 includes a clamp base 301, a first clamping jaw 302 and a second clamping jaw 303. At least one of the first clamping jaw 302 and the second clamping jaw 303 is movably mounted on the clamp base 301. The clamp base 301 is mounted on the first base body 41. The first clamping jaw 302 and the second clamping jaw 303 are used to clamp the opposite sides of the workpiece 100 to be repaired.

[0062] As the first clamp 302 and the second clamp 303 move relative to each other, the distance between the first clamp 302 and the second clamp 303 is reduced. As the first clamp 30 and the second clamp 30 move away from each other, the distance between the first clamp 302 and the second clamp 303 is increased. During clamping, the first clamp 302 and the second clamp 303 first move away from each other so that the workpiece 100 to be repaired can be placed on the clamp seat 301. After the workpiece 100 to be repaired is placed on the clamp seat 301, the first clamp 302 and the second clamp 303 move relative to each other to clamp the workpiece 100 to be repaired. When removing the workpiece 100 to be repaired, the first clamp 302 and the second clamp 303 move away from each other, increasing the distance between them and releasing the workpiece.

[0063] In some embodiments, the first clamping jaw 302 is fixed to the clamp base 301, and the second clamping jaw 303 is movably mounted on the clamp base 301; alternatively, the first clamping jaw 302 is movably mounted on the clamp base 301, and the second clamping jaw 303 is fixed to the clamp base 301. In this way, the workpiece 100 to be repaired is positioned using the clamping jaws fixed to the clamp base 301. In other embodiments, both the first clamping jaw 302 and the second clamping jaw 303 are movably mounted on the clamp base 301.

[0064] In some embodiments, the side of the first jaw 302 that contacts the workpiece 100 to be repaired is the first side, and the side of the second jaw 303 that contacts the workpiece 100 to be repaired is the second side. At least one of the first side and the second side is provided with an anti-slip structure. In one embodiment, only one of the first jaw 302 and the second jaw 303 is provided with an anti-slip structure. In another embodiment, both the first jaw 302 and the second jaw 303 are provided with an anti-slip structure. The provision of an anti-slip structure increases friction between the workpiece 100 to be repaired and the fixture 30, preventing the workpiece 100 from shifting due to external manipulation.

[0065] See Figure 2 In some optional embodiments of the present application, the first laser head 50 includes an infrared laser generator 51 and a first 3D galvanometer 52. The first 3D galvanometer 52 is installed at the light output end of the infrared laser generator 51 and is used to adjust the spot position of the laser generated by the infrared laser generator 51 on the surface of the workpiece 100 to be repaired.

[0066] The infrared laser generator 51 is fixed on the machine base 10. In order to ensure that the laser emitted by the infrared laser generator 51 can be irradiated at various positions of the workpiece 100 to be repaired, a first 3D galvanometer 52 is installed at the end of the infrared laser generator 51 to achieve full-area automatic positioning. Specifically, the first 3D galvanometer 52 has three degrees of freedom, X, Y, and Z, and includes an X-axis galvanometer, a Y-axis galvanometer, and a Z-axis galvanometer connected in sequence. The laser generated by the infrared laser generator 51 is adjusted to an emission angle through the X-axis galvanometer, the Y-axis galvanometer, and the Z-axis galvanometer and irradiated onto the workpiece 100 to be repaired. Thus, by cooperating with the X-axis galvanometer, the Y-axis galvanometer, and the Z-axis galvanometer, the emission angle of the infrared laser is adjusted, so that the infrared laser is irradiated at different positions on the surface of the workpiece, thereby achieving refined texture processing of the internal curved surface of the complex workpiece. In addition, the infrared laser generator 51 can also be mounted on the machine base 10 through a multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical structure, as long as the laser emitted by the infrared laser generator 51 can be irradiated at different positions on the surface of the workpiece 100 to be repaired.

[0067] The laser emitted by the infrared laser generator 51 cooperates with the first 3D galvanometer 52 to achieve three degrees of freedom. Combined with the two-dimensional movement of the workbench 20, it can achieve flexible adjustment of five degrees of freedom, ensuring that the focused light spot can act on any area of ​​the workpiece 100 to be repaired.

[0068] See Figure 2 The second laser head 60 includes an ultraviolet laser generator 61 and a second 3D galvanometer 62. The second 3D galvanometer 62 is installed at the light output end of the ultraviolet laser generator 61 and is used to adjust the spot position of the laser generated by the ultraviolet laser generator 61 on the surface of the workpiece 100 to be repaired.

[0069] The UV laser generator 61 is fixed to the machine base 10. To ensure that the laser light emitted by the infrared laser generator 51 can illuminate various locations on the workpiece 100 to be repaired, a second 3D galvanometer 62 is mounted at the end of the UV laser generator 61, enabling automatic positioning of the entire area. Specifically, the second 3D galvanometer 62 has three degrees of freedom (X, Y, and Z), and its structure is similar to that of the first 3D galvanometer 52. This allows the UV light emitted by the UV laser generator 61 to illuminate different locations on the workpiece 100 to be repaired.

[0070] The present application also provides a laser cladding and surface polishing method using the aforementioned laser cladding and surface polishing apparatus. The method specifically includes: securing a workpiece 100 to be repaired on a workbench 20; controlling a first laser head 50 and a powder feeder to scan the workpiece 100 along a preset path; and controlling a second laser head 60 to polish the surface of the workpiece 100 at preset intervals after a single cladding pass is completed. The preset interval does not exceed 10 seconds.

[0071] Optionally, the preset time length is 10 seconds, 5 seconds, 7 seconds, etc. The interval between the second laser head 60 and the first laser head 50 does not exceed 10 seconds.

[0072] After the workpiece 100 to be repaired is fixed on the workbench 20, a cladding model is designed according to the size of the repair area of ​​the workpiece 100 to be repaired, and appropriate powder materials and sizes are selected according to the material of the workpiece 100 to be repaired. The powder feeder is controlled to feed powder according to the designed powder feeding rate, and coaxial protective gas is provided. The first laser head 50 is controlled to perform cladding operations according to the cladding model, and the second laser head 60 is started for polishing no more than 10 seconds after the completion of a single-pass cladding. If the repair area of ​​the workpiece 100 to be repaired is a curved surface, the workbench 20, the first 3D galvanometer 52 and the second 3D galvanometer 62 are controlled to achieve five-axis linkage and accurately repair the curved surface. If the repair area of ​​the workpiece 100 to be repaired is not a curved surface, the second laser head 60, the first laser head 50 and the powder feeder are controlled according to the set program to cooperate in cladding and surface polishing.

[0073] The laser cladding and surface polishing method provided by the present embodiment utilizes coaxial laser beams from the first laser head 50 and the second laser head 60, eliminating the need for alignment after cladding, thereby improving polishing efficiency. Furthermore, the second laser head 60 is activated for surface polishing no more than 10 seconds after a single layer of cladding, utilizing residual heat from cladding to reduce thermal stress during polishing.

[0074] In an optional embodiment of the present application, see Figure 6 , the default path is an arch.

[0075] The laser scans the surface of the workpiece 100 to be repaired along the path indicated by the arrow. Specifically, after scanning along a certain straight line to the end, it moves downward a certain distance and then returns, repeating this cycle until the entire repair area is scanned. The overlap ratio of two adjacent cladding areas is designed according to the actual working conditions.

[0076] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A laser cladding and surface polishing device, characterized in that: include: A machine base (10) having a chamber (11); A workbench (20) is installed in the chamber (11) and is used to fix the workpiece (100) to be repaired; a first laser head (50) installed in the chamber (11) and located above the workbench (20); a second laser head (60) installed in the chamber (11) and located above the workbench (20), wherein the laser light emitted by the second laser head (60) and the laser light emitted by the first laser head (50) are coaxially arranged; a powder conveying mechanism (80), comprising a powder feeder and a powder nozzle (82), wherein the powder feeder is connected to the powder nozzle (82), and the powder nozzle (82) is located above the workbench (20); A controller (70) is used to control the powder feeder and the first laser head (50) to perform a cladding operation according to a preset path, and to control the second laser head (60) to perform surface polishing at a preset time interval after the completion of a single cladding operation.

2. The laser cladding and surface polishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powder nozzle (82) has a central channel (83) and a peripheral annular cavity (84); the laser beam emitted by the first laser head (50) passes through the central channel (83); and the powder feeder is connected to the peripheral annular cavity (84).

3. The laser cladding and surface polishing device according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a gas protection mechanism (90), which includes a gas source and a gas nozzle. The gas source is connected to the gas nozzle, and the gas nozzle is installed on the first laser head (50).

4. The laser cladding and surface polishing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The powder nozzle (82) has a gas channel (85), which is arranged between the central channel (83) and the peripheral annular cavity (84) and connected to the gas source, so that the gas nozzle is integrated into the powder nozzle (82).

5. The laser cladding and surface polishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workbench (20) includes a clamp (30), a first base (41) and a second base (42); the clamp (30) is rotatably mounted on the first base (41) in a vertical direction; the first base (41) is rotatably mounted on the second base (42) in a horizontal direction; and the second base (42) is fixed in the chamber (11).

6. The laser cladding and surface polishing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The clamp (30) includes a clamp base (301), a first clamping jaw (302) and a second clamping jaw (303), at least one of the first clamping jaw (302) and the second clamping jaw (303) is movably mounted on the clamp base (301), the clamp base (301) is mounted on the first base body (41), and the first clamping jaw (302) and the second clamping jaw (303) are used to clamp the opposite sides of the workpiece (100) to be repaired.

7. The laser cladding and surface polishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first laser head (50) comprises an infrared laser generator (51) and a first 3D galvanometer (52). The first 3D galvanometer (52) is mounted at the light output end of the infrared laser generator (51) and is used to adjust the spot position of the laser generated by the infrared laser generator (51) on the surface of the workpiece (100) to be repaired.

8. The laser cladding and surface polishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second laser head (60) comprises an ultraviolet laser generator (61) and a second 3D galvanometer (62). The second 3D galvanometer (62) is mounted at the light output end of the ultraviolet laser generator (61) and is used to adjust the spot position of the laser generated by the ultraviolet laser generator (61) on the surface of the workpiece (100) to be repaired.

9. A laser cladding and surface polishing method, characterized in that: Using the laser cladding and surface polishing device according to any one of claims 1 to 8; Fixing the workpiece (100) to be repaired on the workbench (20); controlling the first laser head (50) and the powder feeder to scan the workpiece (100) to be repaired according to a preset path; After a single-pass cladding is completed, controlling the second laser head (60) to perform surface polishing on the workpiece (100) to be repaired at intervals of a preset time; The preset duration does not exceed 10 seconds.

10. The laser cladding and surface polishing method according to claim 9, wherein: The preset path is arcuate.

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