Solid hydrogen storage cylinder based on 3D printing

Abstract

The invention discloses a solid hydrogen storage bottle based on 3D printing. The solid hydrogen storage bottle comprises a hydrogen storage bottle body, a gas guide pipe, a lead-in connector, a lead-out connector, an upper baffle, a lower baffle and a cooling circulation structure. The cooling circulation structure is composed of a plurality of spirally-arranged 3D printing tubular bodies, and cooling liquid is introduced into the cooling circulation structure to achieve efficient heat dissipation. A plurality of air holes are formed in the air guide pipe and are used for introducing and extracting hydrogen, so that the hydrogen storage efficiency is improved. The whole structure is arranged in a spiral stair shape, and metal powder is evenly distributed in the interlayer to store hydrogen. The structure is compact in design, good in heat transfer effect, capable of achieving integrated forming through the 3D printing technology and suitable for efficient and safe solid hydrogen energy storage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy storage technology, and in particular to a solid-state hydrogen storage bottle based on 3D printing. Background Art

[0002] As global demand for clean energy continues to grow, hydrogen, due to its high energy density and zero carbon emissions, is considered an ideal energy carrier in various fields, including transportation, energy storage, and industry. Traditional hydrogen storage methods, such as high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage, while technically mature, suffer from low storage density, significant safety risks, high energy consumption, and complex systems, hindering their widespread adoption in practical applications.

[0003] In comparison, solid-state hydrogen storage technology achieves high-density hydrogen storage at room temperature and pressure by adsorbing or chemically absorbing hydrogen into metal or composite materials. This technology offers greater safety and energy efficiency, and has gradually become a research hotspot in the hydrogen energy storage field. However, the development of existing solid-state hydrogen storage devices still faces numerous technical bottlenecks.

[0004] First, hydrogen storage materials are prone to powderization during the repeated absorption and desorption of hydrogen, resulting in material deposition, channel blockage, and reduced hydrogen storage activity and system stability; second, due to the low thermal conductivity of the hydrogen storage material itself, traditional heat exchange methods are difficult to achieve rapid and uniform temperature control, seriously affecting the hydrogen storage rate and system responsiveness; third, the internal structure of the solid-state hydrogen storage device is complex, and traditional manufacturing processes are difficult to achieve integrated manufacturing of complex structures while ensuring precision and strength, resulting in low volume utilization and low molding efficiency; in addition, to ensure safety, structural design is often redundant, further compressing the effective hydrogen storage space and affecting the economic efficiency of the equipment.

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to propose a new type of solid-state hydrogen storage structure to improve the thermal management performance, structural molding flexibility and space utilization efficiency of the device. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a solid-state hydrogen storage bottle based on 3D printing, which is used to improve the thermal management performance, structural molding flexibility and space utilization efficiency of the hydrogen storage device.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a solid-state hydrogen storage bottle based on 3D printing, comprising a hydrogen storage bottle body, an air guide tube, an inlet connector, an outlet connector, an upper baffle, a lower baffle, and a cooling circulation structure;

[0008] The air guide tube is inserted into the middle part of the hydrogen storage bottle body from one end thereof. The portion of the air guide tube exposed outside the hydrogen storage bottle body is used to connect to an external air intake device or an air extraction device. The portion of the air guide tube located inside the hydrogen storage bottle body is evenly provided with a plurality of air holes from top to bottom.

[0009] The upper baffle and the lower baffle are respectively located at the upper and lower parts of the hydrogen storage bottle body, a first cavity is formed between the upper baffle and the upper end cover of the hydrogen storage bottle body, and a second cavity is formed between the lower baffle and the lower end cover of the hydrogen storage bottle body;

[0010] The inlet connector and the outlet connector are respectively plugged into the upper end and the lower end of the hydrogen storage bottle body, the inlet connector is connected to the first cavity and the external inlet device, and the outlet connector is connected to the second cavity and the external outlet device;

[0011] The cooling circulation structure is formed based on 3D printing, and includes a plurality of tubular bodies, wherein a coolant flows through the tubular bodies, and the upper and lower ends of each tubular body are respectively connected to the first cavity and the second cavity;

[0012] Each of the tubular bodies extends along a spiral trajectory around the central air guide tube to form a spiral staircase-shaped structure, with interlayers formed between adjacent layers. Metal powder is evenly scattered on the interlayers. Adjacent tubular bodies abut against each other through outer walls on the radial outside of the spiral trajectory and are staggered in a staircase-like arrangement in the vertical direction.

[0013] The introduction device introduces the external coolant into the first cavity through the introduction joint, flows through each of the tubular bodies to remove the heat inside the hydrogen storage bottle body, and then flows into the second cavity and flows out from the outlet joint;

[0014] The air intake device introduces hydrogen into between the partitions through the air holes on the air guide pipe, and the air extraction device guides the hydrogen between the partitions to the outside through the air holes on the air guide pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, the cooling fluid structure also includes a plurality of parallel vertical pipes, each of the parallel vertical pipes is evenly distributed in a row along the horizontal direction between adjacent partitions, the outer walls of adjacent parallel vertical pipes are abutted side by side, the parallel vertical pipes are connected to the tubular body, and the cooling liquid flows through each of the parallel vertical pipes and each of the tubular bodies in turn.

[0016] Furthermore, the upper baffle, the lower baffle and the air guide duct are all formed based on 3D printing.

[0017] Furthermore, the pitch of the spiral trajectory and the outer diameter of the tubular body satisfy the following functional relationship: , ; in, represents the pitch of the spiral trajectory, represents the outer diameter of the tubular body, Indicates the preset conversion factor.

[0018] Furthermore, the stacking thickness of the metal powder, the layer width of the partition, the spiral inclination angle of the spiral trajectory, the pore spacing and pore diameter of the pores are sufficient to satisfy the following functional relationship: ; in, represents the preset structural stability mapping function, represents the stacking thickness of the metal powder, represents the width of the interlayer, represents the spiral inclination angle of the spiral trajectory, represents the pore spacing, represents the pore diameter, is a natural exponential function used to represent the attenuation behavior of the Gaussian density function in the powder confined space. is the Riemann Zeta function, which is used to simulate the density decrease relationship of particles accumulated in the periodic structure. is the first-order Bessel function of the first kind, which is used to represent the radial energy fluctuation and attenuation characteristics of heat in the spiral cooling structure. is a natural logarithmic function, which is used to describe the nonlinear effect of pore distribution on gas permeability.

[0019] Furthermore, an adjustable aperture structure is provided on the air hole of the air guide tube, and the adjustable aperture structure includes a flexible diaphragm layer, an elastic response layer and a limiting ring groove. The flexible diaphragm layer is attached to the outside of the air hole and covers the air hole opening, and the elastic response layer is arranged on the back side of the flexible diaphragm layer, and the flexible diaphragm layer and the elastic response layer are jointly embedded in the limiting ring groove formed in the wall surface of the air hole.

[0020] Furthermore, the flexible membrane layer is made of polyimide material.

[0021] Furthermore, the elastic response layer is made of a deformable pressure-sensitive material.

[0022] Furthermore, an air filter element is provided in the upper end portion of the air duct.

[0023] Furthermore, both the inlet joint and the outlet joint are provided with ball valves.

[0024] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0025] First, this invention utilizes 3D printing technology to create a spiral staircase-shaped structure, significantly improving the space efficiency of the hydrogen storage container. This structure tightly arranges the air duct and cooling pipes around the central axis, significantly increasing the amount of hydrogen storage material while maintaining the device's compactness. The interlayer design effectively prevents metal powder from settling at the bottom, fundamentally improving hydrogen storage efficiency and material stability.

[0026] Second, by constructing multiple spiral tubular cooling circulation structures that run through the first and second cavities, the coolant forms a continuous circulation path throughout the hydrogen storage bottle, significantly enhancing heat exchange capacity. Compared to traditional heat exchange methods, this structure can more quickly and evenly regulate the internal temperature of the hydrogen storage device, increasing hydrogen charging and discharging speeds, reducing local temperature gradients, and improving the cyclic stability and service life of the hydrogen storage material.

[0027] 3. By optimizing the internal structural layout, the present invention enables the integrated molding of complex geometric shapes, significantly reduces component splicing and redundant space, improves the compactness and pressure-bearing capacity of the overall structure, and achieves a higher hydrogen storage volume while meeting high-strength requirements, making it suitable for large-scale hydrogen energy storage scenarios.

[0028] 4. Compared with traditional manufacturing processes, the present invention uses 3D printing technology to achieve highly integrated and parameterized structural design, breaking through the manufacturing limitations of traditional processing on complex internal cooling channels and hydrogen storage cavity structures. It has personalized customization capabilities, significantly improves production efficiency and product consistency, and provides a new solution for the high-performance and large-scale application of solid-state hydrogen storage devices. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 is an internal cross-sectional view of the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustable aperture structure in Example 4 of the present invention; Figure numerals: 1. Hydrogen storage bottle body; 2. Air guide tube; 3. Inlet connector; 4. Outlet connector; 5. Upper baffle; 6. Lower baffle; 7. Cooling circulation structure; 71. Tubular body; 72. Side-by-side vertical pipes; 8. First cavity; 9. Second cavity; 10. Adjustable aperture structure; 101. Flexible diaphragm layer; 102. Elastic response layer; 103. Limiting ring groove; 11. Ball valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Identical components are denoted by the same reference numerals. It should be noted that the terms "front," "rear," "left," "right," "upper," and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the accompanying drawings, and the terms "bottom," "top," "inner," and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a particular component, respectively.

[0031] Example 1, with reference to Figures 1 to 2 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, provides a solid-state hydrogen storage bottle based on 3D printing, which adopts a spiral staircase-type cooling circulation structure 7 to improve the volume utilization rate, heat exchange efficiency and stability of the hydrogen storage container.

[0032] The solid-state hydrogen storage bottle includes a hydrogen storage bottle body 1, an air guide pipe 2, an inlet joint 3, an outlet joint 4, an upper baffle 5, a lower baffle 6 and a cooling circulation structure 7.

[0033] The hydrogen storage bottle body 1 is a hollow cylindrical structure with end caps at both ends. The inner sides of the end caps are provided with an upper baffle 5 and a lower baffle 6 to form a first cavity 8 and a second cavity 9 for the circulation of coolant respectively.

[0034] The air guide tube 2 is inserted from the top to the middle of the hydrogen storage bottle body 1. A section of the inner part is provided with multiple evenly distributed small holes along the axial direction for the introduction or extraction of hydrogen. The air guide tube 2 passes through the entire bottle structure and is connected to an external air intake device or an air extraction device.

[0035] The cooling circulation structure 7 consists of eight spirally arranged tubular bodies 71, arranged along the outer side of the air duct 2 and integrally formed using 3D printing technology. Each tubular body 71 has a circulation channel within it, allowing the coolant to flow from the inlet connector 3 into the first cavity 8, then through each tubular body 71, ultimately into the second cavity 9 and out through the outlet connector 4, achieving efficient heat exchange for the entire hydrogen storage bottle.

[0036] In this spiral structure, multiple planar interlayers are formed between adjacent spiral layers to hold the hydrogen storage material—for example, metal hydride alloy powder. This multi-layer design ensures that the powder is evenly distributed throughout each layer, effectively preventing powder sinking and accumulation at the bottom of the hydrogen storage bottle. This prevents flow channel blockage and maintains the activity of the hydrogen storage material.

[0037] Compared with the traditional structure of thermal management through external heating or cooling, the internal cooling circulation pipe network structure adopted in this embodiment can achieve faster and more uniform temperature regulation during the hydrogen storage and release process, significantly improving the hydrogen charging and discharging efficiency.

[0038] The cooling circulation structure 7 is manufactured through 3D printing, which not only realizes the integrated manufacturing of complex spiral structures and internal cooling channels, but also avoids problems such as complex parts assembly, structural redundancy, and space waste in traditional manufacturing processes, thereby significantly improving the volume utilization and heat exchange efficiency of the hydrogen storage bottle, and is suitable for use in large-capacity solid-state hydrogen storage systems with high performance requirements.

[0039] Working Principle of Example 1: Hydrogen Introduction Process: An external gas inlet device delivers high-purity hydrogen into the hydrogen storage bottle body 1 via a port connected to the top of the gas conduit 2. Hydrogen flows along the gas conduit 2 and, through multiple small holes evenly distributed on its walls, is evenly released into each planar interlayer within the hydrogen storage bottle. The hydrogen diffuses fully between each layer, making contact with and being adsorbed by the metal alloy powder distributed within each layer, achieving solid-state storage of hydrogen.

[0040] Temperature Control and Heat Exchange: Hydrogen absorption and release processes produce significant thermal effects. To ensure material reaction efficiency and system safety, the present invention utilizes a cooling circulation structure 7 within the bottle body for real-time temperature regulation. Coolant flows from the inlet connector 3 into the first cavity 8, sequentially entering the interiors of the eight spirally arranged tubular bodies 71. After removing ambient heat, it flows into the second cavity 9 and is discharged through the outlet connector 4, forming a closed-loop cooling system.

[0041] Since the cooling pipes are spirally distributed along the air guide pipe 2 and fit tightly with the interlayer space, comprehensive and uniform heat exchange can be achieved in the vertical and radial directions, effectively avoiding local overheating or condensation, and improving the thermal response speed of the hydrogen storage and release processes.

[0042] Hydrogen Release Process: When hydrogen needs to be released, an external extraction device is activated to extract it in reverse through gas pipe 2. The small holes sequentially channel the hydrogen between the compartments into gas pipe 2, where it is then extracted from the bottle body, achieving rapid hydrogen release. The thermal management system also remains operational during this process, ensuring temperature balance during the absorption and release process, thereby increasing the hydrogen release rate and suppressing material fatigue.

[0043] Through the above process, the working mechanism of the present invention not only realizes high-density, safe storage and release of hydrogen, but also effectively improves the hydrogen storage efficiency, structural compactness and system reliability by optimizing the structure and internal thermal management system, and has good practical value and industrial application prospects.

[0044] Preferably, the pitch of the spiral track and the outer diameter of the tubular body 71 satisfy the following functional relationship: , ;

[0045] in, Indicates the pitch of the spiral trajectory (unit: mm), Indicates the outer diameter of the tubular body (unit: mm), Indicates the preset conversion factor.

[0046] Specifically, in this embodiment, the cooling tubular body 71 is arranged in a spiral trajectory around the air guide pipe 2, and the optimization of its geometric parameters has a key impact on the overall performance of the hydrogen storage device. In particular, the pitch of the spiral structure (i.e. the axial distance between adjacent rotating layers) and the outer diameter of the tubular body The matching relationship between them directly affects the following aspects: the distribution uniformity and stability of hydrogen storage powder; the forming and ventilation smoothness of the interlayer space; the spatial density and heat exchange surface area of ​​the coolant pipeline; and the structural strength and feasibility of 3D printing manufacturing.

[0047] The beneficial effects of designing the above functional relationship are: the inhibition of powder deposition: when When the spiral pitch is larger than the tube diameter, a good "step-shaped" interlayer space is formed, which facilitates the stable sedimentation of powder particles and avoids the accumulation of the lower layer caused by the continuous sliding of powder in the spiral path, significantly improving the distribution uniformity of powder in the structure and the retention of hydrogen absorption activity.

[0048] Enhance heat transfer capacity: reasonable control While ensuring the spatial density, the number of spiral turns of the tubular body 71 can be increased, the cooling channel length and heat exchange area within a unit volume can be expanded, thereby improving the overall heat exchange efficiency and effectively coping with the strong heat release or heat absorption problem during the hydrogen absorption and desorption process.

[0049] Improved structural strength and molding stability: The interval design can avoid the tubular body 71 from being too densely stacked in the vertical direction, which would lead to a weak structure. It takes into account both the structural mechanical stability and the feasibility of the 3D printing molding process, and improves the manufacturing yield and consistency.

[0050] Balance between volume utilization and cycle performance: When the pitch is in proper proportion to the outer diameter, the interlayers can provide sufficient hydrogen storage space while maintaining smooth gas flow, which helps to balance hydrogen storage density and hydrogen permeability, and extend material life and cycle stability.

[0051] Example 2, reference Figure 3 , which is the second embodiment of the present invention. Unlike the previous embodiment, this embodiment provides multiple parallel vertical pipes 72, which can further enhance the heat exchange efficiency of the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle. The cooling fluid structure also includes multiple parallel vertical pipes 72, each of which is evenly distributed in a row along the horizontal direction between adjacent interlayers. The outer walls of adjacent parallel vertical pipes 72 are in parallel contact with each other. The parallel vertical pipes 72 are connected to the tubular body 71, and the coolant flows through each parallel vertical pipe 72 and each tubular body 71 in sequence.

[0052] Preferably, the upper baffle 5, the lower baffle 6 and the air guide tube 2 are all formed based on 3D printing.

[0053] Working principle of Example 2: Between the interlayers of the hydrogen storage bottle body 1, in addition to the eight tubular coolers arranged along a spiral path, a plurality of parallel vertical pipes 72 are provided. The vertical pipe structure is connected to the main cooling channel, and together they form a composite cooling circulation network. The parallel vertical pipes 72 are arranged in a vertical direction and evenly distributed in rows between adjacent interlayers in the horizontal direction. The spacing between each group of parallel vertical pipes 72 is equal, and the outer walls of adjacent vertical pipes abut against each other, forming a tight parallel heat transfer channel. During the operation of the coolant, the liquid first enters the first cavity 8 through the inlet joint 3, passes through the spiral tubular body 71 in turn, and then flows into the vertical pipe group connected thereto, and finally is discharged from the second cavity 9 through the outlet joint 4.

[0054] This design not only enhances the flow continuity of the coolant in the longitudinal and lateral directions in the hydrogen storage structure, avoiding the formation of local hot and cold spots, but also expands the heat exchange surface area between the coolant and the hydrogen storage material, thereby improving the overall thermal control response capability of the system.

[0055] Furthermore, the upper baffle 5, lower baffle 6, and central air duct 2 in this embodiment are all fabricated using 3D printing integrated molding technology. This additive manufacturing approach allows for the formation of complex internal flow channels and vent structures while ensuring precise dimensions and strength. This reduces the need for component splicing in traditional manufacturing, reduces the probability of structural stress concentration areas, and improves the overall system's sealing and pressure resistance. The advantages of this integrated printing solution include: avoiding dimensional errors and thermal expansion and contraction mismatches caused by assembling multiple components; enabling the integrated fabrication of complex flow channels (such as spiral channels and interlaced micropores); reducing manufacturing process complexity and material waste; and improving product consistency and repeatable manufacturing accuracy, making it suitable for the mass production of small-batch, customized, high-performance hydrogen storage systems.

[0056] In summary, this embodiment introduces a main-auxiliary cooling channel combination design in the cooling structure, and realizes one-piece integrated manufacturing of key functional components in the manufacturing process, which significantly improves the heat dissipation efficiency, structural reliability and system integration of the hydrogen storage bottle, and is suitable for application scenarios of solid-state hydrogen energy devices with higher power density and larger storage requirements.

[0057] Example 3 is the third embodiment of the present invention. Different from the previous embodiment, this embodiment provides a structural stability mapping function, which can further improve the overall performance of the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle in terms of structural compactness, gas flow efficiency and thermal control capability. In particular, the stacking thickness of the metal powder, the layer width of the interlayer, the spiral inclination angle of the spiral trajectory, the pore spacing and the pore diameter of the pores are sufficient to satisfy the following functional relationship: ;

[0058] in, represents the preset structural stability mapping function, Indicates the stacking thickness of metal powder (unit: mm), Indicates the width of the interlayer (unit: mm), represents the spiral inclination angle of the spiral trajectory, Indicates the pore spacing (unit: mm), Indicates the pore diameter (unit: rad), is a natural exponential function used to represent the attenuation behavior of the Gaussian density function in the powder confined space. is the Riemann Zeta function, which is used to simulate the density decrease relationship of particles accumulated in the periodic structure. is the first-order Bessel function of the first kind, which is used to represent the radial energy fluctuation and attenuation characteristics of heat in the spiral cooling structure. is a natural logarithmic function, which is used to describe the nonlinear effect of pore distribution on gas permeability.

[0059] when When , it indicates that the structural parameters match reasonably, and it has good powder stack stability, heat exchange capacity and gas flow; when , which means the powder is too thick or the pores are too small / thin, which can easily cause poor heat dissipation and gas accumulation; when , indicating that the structure is too sparse or the cooling is uneven, resulting in a decrease in hydrogen storage density and thermal control capabilities.

[0060] Working principle of Example 3: The exponential function is used to control the influence of powder density change on the structure; the Zeta function is used to control the distribution trend of the stacked microstructure; the first-order Bessel function of the first kind is used to describe the spiral thermal fluctuation; the logarithmic function is used to control the influence of the pore structure on the gas channel.

[0061] In Example 3, the metal powder accumulation thickness is , interlayer width , pore diameter , pore spacing , spiral trajectory inclination , bringing the above parameters into the functional relationship, we can get: ;

[0062] when It indicates that the structural parameters are in an ideal state, the powder is evenly distributed, the heat conduction is good, the gas is unobstructed, and the overall performance of the system is excellent;

[0063] Results of this Example , indicating that the current parameter combination is close to the optimization limit and is suitable for solid-state hydrogen storage devices with high requirements for volume utilization and thermal control accuracy.

[0064] Preferably, an air filter is provided in the upper end of the air duct 2. A ball valve 11 is provided on both the inlet connector 3 and the outlet connector 4. The internal structure of the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle is fixed by sequential welding except for the 3D printing integral molding.

[0065] Specifically, in this embodiment, an air filter assembly is installed at the upper end of the air duct 2 (i.e., the end connected to the external air intake or exhaust device). This air filter is made of a multi-layer glass fiber composite material and has a micron-level filtration capability. It effectively prevents airborne particles, impurities, and water vapor from entering the hydrogen storage bottle, ensuring a pure working environment for the hydrogen storage material during hydrogen absorption and desorption, extending the service life of the alloy powder, and preventing surface contamination or oxidation. This air filter can be replaced according to the operating environment and can also be integrated into a removable interface for convenient maintenance. Furthermore, the transition between the filter structure and the inner wall of the air duct 2 adopts a tapered compression design to prevent filter dislodgment or disturbance caused by airflow pulsation.

[0066] To facilitate coolant control and maintenance, ball valves 11 are installed on both inlet connector 3 and outlet connector 4. Made of a corrosion-resistant metal housing and fitted with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) gasket, ball valves 11 offer excellent sealing performance and resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. Ball valves 11 can be operated manually or electrically, enabling rapid opening and closing and precise control of coolant flow into and out of the hydrogen storage bottle.

[0067] When the system stops running or is under maintenance, the user can manually close the ball valve 11 to prevent coolant leakage. The user can also perform segment control when replacing the coolant or adjusting the cooling circuit to ensure the safe operation and maintenance efficiency of the entire system.

[0068] Example 4, reference Figure 4 , which is the fourth embodiment of the present invention. Unlike the previous embodiment, this embodiment provides an adjustable aperture structure 10, which can replace the traditional static pores and solve the problems of uneven gas distribution during low-pressure hydrogen charging and excessive flow rate during high-pressure hydrogen discharge in existing devices, resulting in powder disturbance. The pores of the air guide tube 2 are provided with an adjustable aperture structure 10. The adjustable aperture structure 10 includes a flexible diaphragm layer 101, an elastic response layer 102 and a limiting ring groove 103. The flexible diaphragm layer 101 is attached to the outside of the pore and covers the pore opening. The elastic response layer 102 is provided on the back of the flexible diaphragm layer 101, and the flexible diaphragm layer 101 and the elastic response layer 102 are jointly embedded in the limiting ring groove 103 formed in the wall surface of the pore. Preferably, the flexible diaphragm layer 101 is made of polyimide material. Preferably, the elastic response layer 102 is made of a deformable pressure-sensitive material.

[0069] Working principle of Example 4: The flexible membrane layer 101 is made of polyimide (PI) or fluorosilicone elastomer, adhered to the inner wall of the pore, and has good flexibility and hydrogen resistance;

[0070] The elastic response layer 102 is made of a deformable pressure-sensitive material (such as PVDF or shape memory alloy microsheets), the thickness of which is combined with the diaphragm, and the diaphragm is driven to deform by the pressure change inside the pores;

[0071] The limiting ring groove 103 is used to prevent the diaphragm from flipping or permanently deforming, ensuring that it can still respond accurately under multiple pressure cycles. The flexible diaphragm layer 101 and the elastic response layer 102 are jointly embedded in the limiting ring groove 103 provided on the inner wall of the pore. The limiting ring groove 103 is set in the middle section of the pore wall thickness to form a closed annular depression, which plays the role of radial limitation and axial pre-tightening of the diaphragm assembly, preventing the diaphragm from being separated from its original position or reverse flipping under pressure shock or gas pulsation.

[0072] The preset initial opening state of the pore requires setting the diaphragm preload according to the design pressure threshold of the hydrogen storage bottle so that it presents different opening diameters under different pressures.

[0073] Hydrogen filling phase (hydrogen pressure gradually increases): Initially, flexible diaphragm layer 101 is slightly closed, with only small pores open. Hydrogen diffuses slowly and evenly into the interlayers, preventing initial impact and disturbance of the metal powder. As pressure increases, elastic response layer 102 gradually stretches flexible diaphragm layer 101, expanding the pores for efficient injection and consistent inflation across all interlayers.

[0074] Hydrogen release stage (hydrogen pressure drops): the system starts the vacuum device, the elastic response layer 102 drives the flexible diaphragm layer 101 to shrink, the pore size gradually decreases, the hydrogen release rate is controlled, the powder layer is disturbed or turbulent, and the negative pressure shock caused by the reverse flow is reduced.

[0075] Static state: Under normal pressure or no inflow or outflow, the elastic response layer 102 drives the flexible membrane layer 101 to automatically rebound to the default microporous state, preventing the backflow of air or water vapor and having basic self-sealing ability.

[0076] This embodiment can automatically adjust the inlet throttling according to the pressure, effectively improving the uniformity of gas distribution; at the same time, it can control the gas velocity to avoid the damage to the powder structure caused by instantaneous high-speed flow; in addition, this embodiment relies on a micro-pressure response structure to achieve intelligent response without the need for electronic devices; finally, the pores and the diaphragm can be integrally formed or completed by laser drilling + film lamination process, which is suitable for mass production.

[0077] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions based on the principles of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that improvements and modifications that do not depart from the principles of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid-state hydrogen storage bottle based on 3D printing, characterized in that: It comprises a hydrogen storage bottle body (1), an air guide pipe (2), an inlet joint (3), an outlet joint (4), an upper baffle (5), a lower baffle (6), and a cooling circulation structure (7); The air guide tube (2) is inserted into the middle portion of the hydrogen storage bottle body (1) from one end thereof, and the portion of the air guide tube (2) exposed outside the hydrogen storage bottle body (1) is used for connecting to an external air intake device or an air extraction device, and the portion of the air guide tube (2) located inside the hydrogen storage bottle body (1) is uniformly provided with a plurality of air holes from top to bottom; The upper baffle (5) and the lower baffle (6) are respectively located at the upper and lower parts of the hydrogen storage bottle body (1); a first cavity (8) is formed between the upper baffle (5) and the upper end cover of the hydrogen storage bottle body (1); and a second cavity (9) is formed between the lower baffle (6) and the lower end cover of the hydrogen storage bottle body (1); The inlet connector (3) and the outlet connector (4) are respectively plugged into the upper end and the lower end of the hydrogen storage bottle body (1); the inlet connector (3) is connected to the first cavity (8) and the external inlet device, and the outlet connector (4) is connected to the second cavity (9) and the external outlet device; The cooling circulation structure (7) is formed based on 3D printing, and the cooling circulation structure (7) includes a plurality of tubular bodies (71), wherein cooling liquid flows through the tubular bodies (71), and the upper and lower ends of each tubular body (71) are respectively connected to the first cavity (8) and the second cavity (9); Each of the tubular bodies (71) extends along a spiral trajectory around the central air guide tube (2) to form a spiral staircase-shaped structure, with interlayers formed between adjacent layers. Metal powder is evenly scattered on the interlayers. Adjacent tubular bodies (71) abut against each other through outer walls on the radial outside of the spiral trajectory and are staggered in a staircase-like arrangement in the vertical direction. The introduction device introduces external cooling liquid into the first cavity (8) from the introduction joint (3), flows through each of the tubular bodies (71), removes heat from the interior of the hydrogen storage bottle body (1), and then flows into the second cavity (9), and flows out from the outlet joint (4); The air intake device introduces hydrogen into between the interlayers through the air holes on the air guide pipe (2), and the air extraction device discharges the hydrogen between the interlayers to the outside through the air holes on the air guide pipe (2).

2. The solid-state hydrogen storage bottle based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling fluid structure further comprises a plurality of parallel vertical pipes (72), each of the parallel vertical pipes (72) being evenly distributed in a row along the horizontal direction between adjacent partitions, the outer walls of adjacent parallel vertical pipes (72) being in parallel contact with each other, the parallel vertical pipes (72) being connected to the tubular body (71), and the cooling liquid flowing through each of the parallel vertical pipes (72) and each of the tubular bodies (71) in sequence.

3. The solid-state hydrogen storage bottle based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper baffle (5), the lower baffle (6) and the air guide tube (2) are all formed based on 3D printing.

4. The solid-state hydrogen storage bottle based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pitch of the spiral track and the outer diameter of the tubular body (71) satisfy the following functional relationship: ， ； in, represents the pitch of the spiral trajectory, represents the outer diameter of the tubular body (71), Indicates the preset conversion factor.

5. The solid-state hydrogen storage bottle based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stacking thickness of the metal powder, the layer width of the partition, the spiral inclination angle of the spiral track, the pore spacing and the pore diameter of the pores are expressed by the following functional relationship: ； in, represents the preset structural stability mapping function, represents the stacking thickness of the metal powder, represents the width of the interlayer, represents the spiral inclination angle of the spiral trajectory, represents the pore spacing, represents the pore diameter, is a natural exponential function used to represent the attenuation behavior of the Gaussian density function in the powder confined space. is the RiemannZeta function, which is used to simulate the density decreasing relationship of particles accumulated in the periodic structure. is the first-order Bessel function of the first kind, which is used to represent the radial energy fluctuation and attenuation characteristics of heat in the spiral cooling structure. is a natural logarithmic function, which is used to describe the nonlinear effect of pore distribution on gas permeability.

6. The solid-state hydrogen storage bottle based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air hole of the air guide tube (2) is provided with an adjustable aperture structure (10), the adjustable aperture structure (10) comprising a flexible diaphragm layer (101), an elastic response layer (102) and a limiting ring groove (103), the flexible diaphragm layer (101) being attached to the outside of the air hole and covering the air hole opening, the elastic response layer (102) being provided on the back side of the flexible diaphragm layer (101), and the flexible diaphragm layer (101) and the elastic response layer (102) being jointly embedded in the limiting ring groove (103) formed in the wall surface of the air hole.

7. The solid-state hydrogen storage bottle based on 3D printing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The flexible membrane layer (101) is made of polyimide material.

8. The solid-state hydrogen storage bottle based on 3D printing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The elastic response layer (102) is made of a deformable pressure-sensitive material.

9. The solid-state hydrogen storage bottle based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air filter element is provided in the upper end portion of the air guide pipe (2).

10. The solid-state hydrogen storage bottle based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet joint (3) and the outlet joint (4) are both provided with ball valves (11).

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