Debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of debris flow simulation tests, and particularly relates to a debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device. The channel comprises a channel bottom plate, a channel first side plate and a channel second side plate, the channel first side plate comprises a before-bending fixing side plate, a turning adjusting plate and a after-bending moving first side plate, and the channel second side plate comprises a before-bending moving side plate and a after-bending moving second side plate. The before-bending fixed side plate, the before-bending movable side plate and the channel bottom plate are used for being combined to form a front-bending-section channel extending in the first linear direction, and the first after-bending movable side plate, the second after-bending movable side plate and the channel bottom plate are used for being combined to form a rear-bending-section channel extending in the second linear direction. The width of the bent front-section channel is adjusted through the first translation mechanism, the bent angle is adjusted through cooperation of the first rotating mechanism and the second rotating mechanism, and the width of the bent rear-section channel is made to be the same as the width of the downstream end of the bent front-section channel through the second translation mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of debris flow simulation test, and more specifically relates to a debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device. Background Art

[0002] Due to the high viscosity and multiphase flow characteristics of debris flows, when flowing through bends, under the influence of powerful inertial forces and entrainment, they often exhibit more complex superelevation patterns than water flowing through bends, causing the fluid to overflow the ditch or barrier facilities at the bend, causing greater damage. This is clearly related to the properties of the debris flow fluid, the ditch bed morphology, and the angle of entry into the bend. Therefore, studying the maximum climb pattern of fluids of different states and velocities in bends under different ditch bed widths and bend angles is of great significance to the design of debris flow prevention and control projects.

[0003] Currently, the calculation formulas and regular methods used domestically and internationally to study the superelevation and maximum impact height of debris flows mainly include empirical formulas, kinetic energy conversion theory derivation, numerical simulation, and flume tests. Empirical formulas are usually fitted based on observational data of debris flows of a specific scale in a certain area, which are highly limited and lack the representation of physical mechanisms. The kinetic energy conversion theory derivation method often suffers from large discrepancies between theoretical assumptions and actual conditions, oversimplification of boundary conditions, and neglects topography or fluid characteristics, making it difficult to accurately reflect the true distribution of "concave bank erosion and convex bank siltation." The accuracy of the results obtained by numerical simulation methods is highly dependent on the rationality and accuracy of the physical model and parameter values. The flume test method, on the other hand, can use materials such as sand, gravel, and soil to set different environmental conditions in the flume to approximate the actual conditions of the ditch or drainage facilities, and can more accurately reflect the movement characteristics of the debris flow, but the results are affected to a certain extent by the scale effect.

[0004] The patent documents currently found that are related to the present invention are as follows: Chinese patent publication number CN110095586 A (published on May 6, 2019) discloses a debris flow simulation test device and test method for an assembled channel. The device includes a material box, a mixing elevator, an assembled channel, a liftable support, an impact force testing system, a stacking box, a data cable, and a test processing system. The invention has the following beneficial effects: the assembled channel is composed of several straight channels and curved channels with triangular steps on the inner bottom, and is mounted on a liftable support. A high-speed micro-camera embedded in the straight channel, a novel fiber optic sensor embedded in the curved channel, and the impact force testing system are connected to the test processing system via a data cable. The invention can be applied to simulate debris flows of various shapes, lengths, friction levels, and slopes. The channel is reusable and highly adaptable, enabling automatic data collection and processing throughout the entire process of debris flow movement, impact, and accumulation. It provides constant monitoring and strong anti-interference capabilities, providing a scientific basis for debris flow disaster prevention. The main feature of the above solution is that multiple sections of circular pipes are used to assemble different channel models, and it is not easy to achieve arbitrary adjustment of the channel width and bend angle. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device, which can more conveniently realize arbitrary adjustment of the channel width and the curve angle.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device, including a debris flow slurry input system, a channel simulation system, a debris flow parameter measurement system and a debris flow slurry recovery trough, the channel simulation system includes a channel and a channel support device, the discharge end of the debris flow slurry input system is connected to the front end of the channel, the feed end of the debris flow slurry recovery trough is connected to the end of the channel, the channel includes a channel bottom plate, a first channel side plate and a second channel side plate, the channel The channel bottom plate is supported and fixed by the channel supporting device, the first side plate of the channel includes a fixed side plate before bending, a bending adjustment plate and a first side plate that moves after bending, the second side plate of the channel includes a side plate that moves before bending and a second side plate that moves after bending, the fixed side plate before bending is vertically fixedly connected to the upper surface of the channel bottom plate, the fixed side plate before bending and the side plate that moves before bending are symmetrically arranged relative to the vertical plane passing through the center of the channel width direction, the fixed side plate before bending, the side plate that moves before bending and the channel bottom plate are used to combine to form a bending extending along the first straight line direction. The front section of the channel, the front bending movable side plate is arranged on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate through a first translation mechanism, the first translation mechanism is used to adjust the spacing between the front bending fixed side plate and the front bending movable side plate in the channel width direction, the upstream end of the bending adjustment plate is straightly connected to the downstream end of the front bending fixed side plate, and the bending adjustment plate is equipped with a second translation mechanism so that the bending adjustment plate can reciprocate along the first straight line direction relative to the upper surface of the channel bottom plate; the first side plate, the second side plate and the channel bottom plate are used to be combined to form a rear bending section channel extending along the second straight line direction; the downstream end of the bending adjustment plate and the upstream end of the first side plate that can be moved after bending are connected by a first rotation mechanism, and the downstream end of the front bending movable side plate and the upstream end of the second side plate that can be moved after bending are connected by a second rotation mechanism, and the cooperation of the first rotation mechanism and the second rotation mechanism makes the second straight line direction have a set angle relative to the first straight line direction, and the second translation mechanism makes the width of the rear bending section channel the same as the width of the downstream end of the front bending section channel.

[0007] The preferred solution is that the channel in the front-bend section includes a straight channel 1 in the front-bend section, a beam channel in the front-bend section, and a straight channel 2 in the front-bend section, which are arranged in sequence from the upstream end of the channel to the downstream end of the channel, and the width of the straight channel 2 in the front-bend section is smaller than the width of the straight channel 1 in the front-bend section; the channel support device includes a plurality of electric telescopic legs arranged vertically with respect to the axis, and the top end of the electric telescopic legs is hinged to the bottom of the channel bottom plate so that the slope of the upper surface of the channel bottom plate can be adjusted.

[0008] The preferred solution is that the first translation mechanism includes a first guide mechanism, a screw nut transmission mechanism and a power mechanism, the first guide mechanism is arranged in a plurality of groups at intervals along the first straight line direction, each group of the first guide mechanism includes a first guide wheel and a first slide groove provided on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate, the first slide groove extends along the width direction of the channel of the front bending section, the first guide wheel is provided in the first slide groove and can move along the length direction of the first slide groove, the first guide wheel includes a first fixed shaft, the upper end of the first fixed shaft is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the front bending movable side plate, the first fixed shaft is provided with two first rolling bearings rotating around its axis, the inner side wall of the first slide groove has a convex first guide Rail, two first rolling bearings form a rolling fit with the upper surface and upper surface of the first guide rail respectively, the upper end groove of the first slide groove is equipped with a detachable slide groove cover plate, and the slide groove cover plate is independently arranged along the length direction of the first slide groove; the screw nut transmission mechanism includes a nut plate, a screw and a support plate, the support plate is fixed relative to the channel bottom plate, the screw is rotatably set on the support plate through the bearing, the axis of the screw extends along the width direction of the channel of the front bending section, the nut plate and the screw are threadedly connected, and the nut plate is fixedly set at the top end of the front bending moving side plate; the power mechanism includes a stepper motor, and the output shaft of the stepper motor is connected to the screw through the transmission mechanism to drive the screw to rotate.

[0009] The preferred solution is that the turning adjustment plate is arranged on the outer side of the fixed side plate before the bend, the second translation mechanism includes a second guide mechanism and a telescopic limit device, the second guide mechanism includes a second guide wheel and a second slide groove arranged on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate, the second slide groove is extended and arranged along the first straight line direction, the second guide wheel is arranged in the second slide groove and can move along the length direction of the second slide groove, a plurality of second guide wheels are arranged at intervals along the first straight line direction, the second guide wheel includes a second fixed shaft, the upper end of the second fixed shaft is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the turning adjustment plate, two second rolling bearings that rotate around their axes are provided on the second fixed shaft, the inner side wall of the second slide groove has a protruding second guide rail, and the two second rolling bearings are respectively connected to the second guide rail The upper surface and the upper surface form a rolling fit; the telescopic limit device includes a first rack, a first gear, a first screw and a first stop block, the first gear is rotatably arranged on the head of the first screw through a bearing, the first gear and the first screw are coaxially arranged, the first rack is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the bending adjustment plate and extends along the first straight line direction, the top surface of the front bending fixed side plate is provided with a first threaded hole matching the first screw, the first stop block is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the front bending fixed side plate and is located on the outer peripheral side of the first threaded hole, the first stop block has a first engaging groove, and when the first screw is connected to the first threaded hole, the first gear can simultaneously engage with the tooth groove of the first rack and the first engaging groove on the first stop block.

[0010] A preferred solution is that the first rotation mechanism includes a first hinge and a first rotation limiting device, the downstream end of the bending adjustment plate and the upstream end of the first side plate that moves after bending are rotatably connected through the first hinge, the first rotation limiting device includes a first limiting plate, a second gear and a second screw, the first limiting plate is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the bending adjustment plate, the first limiting plate is provided with a first arc-shaped through groove arranged around the axis of the first hinge, and the inner walls on both sides of the first arc-shaped through groove are respectively provided with first tooth-shaped grooves, and the first tooth-shaped grooves are continuously arranged along the arc length direction of the first arc-shaped through groove; the second gear is rotatably arranged on the head of the second screw through a bearing, the second gear and the second screw are coaxially arranged, and the top surface of the first side plate that moves after bending is provided with a second threaded hole matching the second screw, when the second screw is connected to the second threaded hole, the second gear can simultaneously engage with the first tooth-shaped grooves on both sides of the first arc-shaped through groove; the upper surface of the first limiting plate is provided with a first angle scale on the side of the first arc-shaped through groove for displaying the connection angle between the first side plate that moves after bending and the bending adjustment plate.

[0011] The preferred solution is that the second rotating mechanism includes a second hinge and a second rotation limiting device, the downstream end of the side plate that moves before bending and the upstream end of the second side plate that moves after bending are rotatably connected through the second hinge, the second rotation limiting device includes a second limiting plate, a third gear and a third screw, the second limiting plate is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the side plate that moves before bending, and the second limiting plate is provided with a second arc-shaped through groove arranged around the axis of the second hinge, and the inner walls on both sides of the second arc-shaped through groove are respectively provided with second tooth-shaped grooves, and the second tooth-shaped grooves are formed along the second arc The arc-shaped through groove is arranged continuously in the arc length direction; the third gear is rotatably set on the head of the third screw through a bearing, the third gear and the third screw are coaxially arranged, and the top surface of the second side plate that moves after bending is provided with a third threaded hole matching the third screw. When the third screw is connected to the third threaded hole, the third gear can simultaneously engage with the second tooth-shaped grooves on both sides of the second arc-shaped through groove; the upper surface of the second limiting plate is provided with a second angle scale on the side of the second arc-shaped through groove for displaying the connection angle between the second side plate that moves after bending and the side plate that moves before bending.

[0012] A preferred solution is that the debris flow parameter measurement system includes a flow rate detection device arranged at the downstream end of the bend front section channel, the flow rate detection device includes a fan blade, an insulating connecting rod, a magnet, a rotor, a conductive slip ring, a brush, an insulating tube, a wire and a regulator, the insulating tube is fixedly installed at the downstream end of the bend front section channel along the width direction of the bend front section channel, a plurality of fan blades are arranged at intervals around the circumference of the insulating tube, the fan blades are fixedly connected to the rotor through the insulating connecting rod to form a runner, the rotor is coaxially arranged inside the insulating tube, and the runner is rotatably connected to the insulating tube through a bearing coaxially arranged inside the insulating tube; the magnet includes a pair of oppositely oriented magnets arranged on both sides of the insulating tube, and the magnet is fixedly arranged around the outer circumference of the insulating tube; a coil and a conductive slip ring are fixedly integrated on the rotor, the coil is located in the magnetic field area formed by the magnet, two conductive slip rings are designed and correspond one to one to the two ends of the coil, the brushes are fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the insulating tube and correspond one to one to the conductive slip rings, the brushes and the conductive slip rings always maintain contact, and the brushes are connected to the regulator through wires to form a measurement circuit.

[0013] A preferred solution is that the debris flow parameter measurement system includes a height measuring device, the first side plate and the second side plate of the channel are both made of tempered glass plates, the height measuring device includes a first height scale, a second height scale and a camera, the first height scale is set at the downstream end of the side plate that moves before the bend, and the second height scale is set at the upstream end of the first side plate that moves after the bend, and the first height scale and the second height scale are respectively equipped with cameras for recording their height measurement values.

[0014] The preferred solution is that the downstream end of the first side plate that moves after bending and the downstream end of the second side plate that moves after bending are respectively equipped with energy dissipation devices on the inner side of the channel, and the energy dissipation devices include a grid plate and a torsion spring. The grid plate is rotatably arranged in the channel of the rear bending section through a rigid rotating shaft and a bearing. The axis of the rigid rotating shaft is horizontally arranged along the width direction of the channel of the rear bending section, and the length direction of the grid plate extends along the width direction of the channel of the rear bending section. The rigid rotating shaft is fixed on the grid plate, and the torsion spring is connected between the rigid rotating shaft and the rotating matching surface of the inner side of the channel. When the torsion spring is in a natural state, the grid plate is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the bottom plate of the channel.

[0015] The preferred solution is that the lower end surface of the bending adjustment plate, the lower end surface of the first side plate that moves after bending, the lower end surface of the side plate that moves before bending and the lower end surface of the second side plate that moves after bending are respectively fixed with water-swelling rubber strips; the vertical butt joint between the upstream end of the bending adjustment plate and the downstream end of the fixed side plate before bending is provided with a water-retaining rubber strip, so that the inner side surface of the channel of the connection part of the bending adjustment plate and the fixed side plate before bending is a closed structure; the butt joint gaps in the areas where the first rotating mechanism and the second rotating mechanism are located are respectively covered by waterproof tapes, so that the inner side surface of the channel of the connection part of the bending adjustment plate and the first side plate that moves after bending, and the inner side surface of the channel of the connection part of the movable side plate before bending and the second side plate that moves after bending are both closed structures.

[0016] The preferred solution is that a channel front end plate is fixedly provided on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate at the upstream end of the channel, and a water-retaining rubber strip is provided at the vertical joint between the upstream end of the bend front movable side plate and the channel front end plate, so that the upstream end of the channel is a closed structure; the channel front end plate is provided with multiple feed ports evenly spaced along the width direction of the channel; the debris flow slurry input system includes a variable frequency speed regulating centrifugal pump, a discharge main pipe, a feed pipe and a material preparation trough, the feed end of the variable frequency speed regulating centrifugal pump is connected to the material preparation trough through the feed pipe, the discharge end of the variable frequency speed regulating centrifugal pump is connected to the discharge main pipe, and a regulating valve is provided at one end of the discharge main pipe close to the variable frequency speed regulating centrifugal pump; the discharge main pipe is connected to the feed port of the channel front end plate through multiple openable and closable discharge branch pipes, and the discharge branch pipes correspond one-to-one to the feed port of the channel front end plate.

[0017] The present invention comprises the following steps during specific testing: Step 1, preparation stage: The above-mentioned debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device is pre-assembled. The slope of the upper surface of the channel bottom plate is i. According to the test requirements, the width B of the downstream end of the channel before the bend is first adjusted using the first translation mechanism. Then, the second translation mechanism, the first rotation mechanism, and the second rotation mechanism are used to adjust the bend angle θ (i.e., the angle between the second straight line direction and the first straight line direction) and the position of the bend adjustment plate to ensure that the width of the channel after the bend is the same as the width of the downstream end of the channel before the bend. After the adjustment is completed, check to confirm that the channel is in a closed state. If there are gaps in the flow surface of the channel, seal them with waterproof tape. Step 2, test phase: Use the debris flow slurry input system to input the prepared debris flow slurry into the front end of the channel. The bulk density of the debris flow slurry is γ. Then use the debris flow parameter measurement system to measure and record the test parameters of the debris flow slurry in real time. The debris flow slurry test parameters include the movement speed V0 of the debris flow slurry before entering the bend (measured by the flow velocity detection device set at the downstream end of the channel before the bend), the mud level height H0 of the debris flow slurry before entering the bend (measured by a camera in conjunction with a first height scale), and the maximum climbing height H of the debris flow slurry after passing the bend (measured by a camera in conjunction with a second height scale); Step 3: Progressive test: flush the channel and redesign the test, such as adjusting the width B of the downstream end of the channel before the bend, the bend angle θ , the speed V0 of the debris flow slurry before entering the bend and other design parameters, and then repeat steps one and two.

[0018] After a lot of experiments, multiple sets of data were obtained and fitted. H=f (H 0 ,γ,θ,V 0 , B, i) Function, to study the maximum climbing height law of debris flow curve.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention takes into account that the curved sections of actual debris flow ditches are not regular arcs, and the design concept of "straightening the bends" in drainage engineering, and accordingly designs the above-mentioned ditch structure, which can flexibly and steplessly adjust the ditch width and bend angle (preferably, the ditch slope can also be adjusted), thereby simulating the process of debris flow climbing up the curve under different ditch widths, bend angles, and slopes, meeting a wide range of test requirements and having a high reusability rate of the test device.

[0020] 2. The device of the present invention is simple to install and operate, has a high degree of automation, is easy to adjust the different size parameters of the device, and is efficient in performing progressive tests.

[0021] 3. In addition to studying the climbing laws of debris flow curves, the present invention can also proportionally restore and simulate the debris flow ditch drainage channel structure, providing reference and technical support for the design of debris flow prevention and control projects. For example, the energy dissipation device design can be transformed and applied to the actual debris flow ditch drainage project design. While dissipating energy, it can also block large rocks and reduce the damage of rocks to downstream drainage or blocking facilities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of the area where the first translation mechanism in the present invention is located; Figure 3 It is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of the area where the second translation mechanism and the first rotation mechanism are located in the present invention; Figure 4It is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of the area where the second rotating mechanism in the present invention is located; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the flow velocity detection device in the present invention; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A partially enlarged schematic diagram of the matching relationship between the conductive slip ring and the brush; Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the energy dissipation device in the present invention.

[0024] The parts in the figure are marked as follows: channel bottom plate 1, first chute 2, first guide rail 3, debris flow slurry outflow hole 4, second chute 5, fixed side plate before bending 6, bending adjustment plate 7, first side plate 8 that moves after bending, second side plate 9 that moves after bending, side plate 10 that moves before bending, water-swelling rubber strip 11, water-retaining rubber strip 12, electric telescopic leg 13, supporting beam 14, channel front end plate 15, feed port 16, variable frequency speed regulating centrifugal pump 21, discharge main pipe 22, feed pipe 23, material trough 24, regulating valve 25, discharge branch pipe 26, debris flow slurry recovery tank 27, nut plate 31, screw 32, support plate 33, stepping motor 34, roller 35, first fixed shaft 3 6, first rolling bearing 37, first rack 41, first gear 42, first screw 43, first stop block 44, first hinge 51, first limit plate 52, second gear 53, second screw 54, first arc-shaped through groove 55, second hinge 61, second limit plate 62, third gear 63, third screw 64, second arc-shaped through groove 65, flow rate detection device 70, fan blade 71, insulating connecting rod 72, magnet 73, rotor 74, conductive slip ring 75, brush 76, insulating tube 77, wire 78, regulator 79, first height scale 81, second height scale 82, camera 83, energy dissipation device 90, rigid rotating shaft 91, grid plate 92. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] See also Figures 1 to 7The present invention includes a debris flow slurry input system, a channel simulation system, a debris flow parameter measurement system and a debris flow slurry recovery trough 27. The channel simulation system includes a channel and a channel support device. The discharge end of the debris flow slurry input system is connected to the front end of the channel. The feed end of the debris flow slurry recovery trough 27 is connected to the end of the channel. The channel includes a channel bottom plate 1, a first channel side plate and a second channel side plate. The channel bottom plate 1 is supported and fixed by the channel support device. The debris flow slurry input system only needs to be able to introduce the pre-prepared debris flow slurry into the front end of the channel at a certain flow rate. The debris flow slurry recovery trough 27 is used to recover the debris flow slurry at the end of the channel. For ease of implementation, the present invention is provided with a debris flow slurry outflow hole 4 in the channel bottom plate 1 at the end of the channel. The debris flow slurry recovery trough 27 is provided in the area below the debris flow slurry outflow hole 4. It should be noted that the channel at the rear bend section of the present invention is movable on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate 1 , and the area where the debris flow slurry outflow hole 4 is provided should be compatible with the moving range of the debris flow slurry outflow hole 4 .

[0027] The first key technical point of the present invention is to change the assembly method of the channel. The first side plate of the channel in the present invention includes a fixed side plate 6 before bending, a bending adjustment plate 7 and a first side plate 8 that moves after bending. The second side plate of the channel includes a movable side plate 10 before bending and a second side plate 9 that moves after bending. The fixed side plate 6 before bending is vertically fixedly connected to the upper surface of the channel bottom plate 1. The fixed side plate 6 before bending and the movable side plate 10 before bending are symmetrically arranged relative to the vertical plane passing through the center of the channel width direction. The fixed side plate 6 before bending, the movable side plate 10 before bending and the channel bottom plate 1 are used to combine to form a channel before bending extending along the first straight line direction, that is, the radial cross-section of the channel before bending is rectangular and the central axis is a straight line. The movable side plate 10 before bending is set on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate 1 through a first translation mechanism. The first translation mechanism is used to adjust the spacing between the fixed side plate 6 before bending and the movable side plate 10 before bending in the channel width direction. The upstream end of the bend adjustment plate 7 is aligned with the downstream end of the pre-bend fixed side plate 6, effectively extending along the first linear direction. The bend adjustment plate 7 is equipped with a second translation mechanism, enabling reciprocating movement of the bend adjustment plate 7 relative to the upper surface of the channel bottom plate 1 along the first linear direction. The bend adjustment plate 7 can be slidably embedded within the pre-bend fixed side plate 6 or slidably mounted on the outside of the pre-bend fixed side plate 6 (i.e., on the side where the channel outer wall is located). For structural simplicity and reliability, the present invention preferably employs a sliding arrangement on the outside of the pre-bend fixed side plate 6. For details, please refer to the preferred embodiment of the second translation mechanism described below. The first side plate 8 that moves after bending, the second side plate 9 that moves after bending and the channel bottom plate 1 in the present invention are used to combine to form a channel section that extends along the second straight line direction; the downstream end of the bending adjustment plate 7 and the upstream end of the first side plate 8 that moves after bending are connected by a first rotating mechanism, and the downstream end of the side plate 10 that moves before bending and the upstream end of the second side plate 9 that moves after bending are connected by a second rotating mechanism. Through the cooperation of the first rotating mechanism and the second rotating mechanism, the second straight line direction has a set angle relative to the first straight line direction, and through the second translation mechanism, the width of the channel section that is after bending is the same as the width of the downstream end of the channel section that is before bending, that is, the channel section that is after bending is also a straight line channel with a rectangular radial cross-section, and its width is the same as the width of the downstream end of the channel section that is before bending.

[0028] In certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the pre-bend channel includes a pre-bend straight channel 1, a pre-bend beam channel, and a pre-bend straight channel 2, which are arranged sequentially from the upstream end of the channel to the downstream end of the channel. The width of the pre-bend straight channel 2 is smaller than the width of the pre-bend straight channel 1. The pre-bend beam channel can adopt various conventional streamlined flow channels, generally using two symmetrical inclined side plates or curved side plates to constrain the debris flow slurry, converging the debris flow slurry introduced into the front end of the channel to the downstream end of the pre-bend channel, and finally smoothly merging it into the bend, thereby balancing the flow velocity distribution and improving the accuracy of the flow velocity measurement results.

[0029] In certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the channel support device includes multiple vertically arranged electrically retractable legs 13. The top ends of the legs 13 are hingedly connected to the bottom of the channel floor 1, allowing for adjustable slope of the upper surface of the channel floor 1. To enhance structural reliability, the channel support device is typically further provided with a support beam 14 that interconnects and secures the fixed ends of the device. The legs 13 typically utilize pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, which are conventional components in the art.

[0030] The first translation mechanism can be implemented by various existing linear displacement mechanisms, for example, directly driven by a pneumatic cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder. To make the structure simple and reliable, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the first translation mechanism includes a first guide mechanism, a screw nut transmission mechanism and a power mechanism, the first guide mechanism is arranged in multiple groups at intervals along the first straight line direction, each group of first guide mechanisms includes a first guide wheel and a first slide groove 2 arranged on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate 1, the first slide groove 2 extends along the width direction of the channel of the front bending section, the first guide wheel is arranged in the first slide groove 2 and can move along the length direction of the first slide groove 2. The first guide wheel includes a first fixed shaft 36, the upper end of the first fixed shaft 36 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the front bending movable side plate 10, the first fixed shaft 36 is provided with two first rolling bearings 37 that rotate around its axis, the inner side wall of the first slide groove 2 has a protruding first guide rail 3, and the two first rolling bearings 37 respectively form a rolling fit with the upper surface and upper surface of the first guide rail 3. This structural fit can ensure that the first guide wheel only moves along the guide rail direction after being embedded in the first guide rail 3, while preventing it from moving up and down or tilting. The upper notch of the first chute 2 is equipped with a removable chute cover. Multiple chute covers are independently provided along the length of the first chute 2. The chute cover is used to shield the first chute 2 located inside the channel to prevent debris flow slurry from entering the first chute 2 during testing, which would cause inconvenience in cleaning. The chute cover is generally placed on the top of the first chute 2 by its own weight. To improve the sealing performance, a sealing and waterproof strip can be added between the chute cover and the first chute 2. To facilitate processing and installation, the first chute 2 and the first guide rail 3 can be integrated into a separate track component, which is then installed as a whole in the corresponding track mounting groove on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate 1.

[0031] The screw-nut transmission mechanism includes a nut plate 31, a screw 32, and a support plate 33. The support plate 33 is fixed relative to the channel bottom plate 1. The screw 32 is rotatably mounted on the support plate 33 via a bearing. The axis of the screw 32 extends along the width of the channel in the pre-bending section. The nut plate 31 and the screw 32 are threadedly connected. The nut plate 31 is fixed to the top of the pre-bending movable side plate 10. The power mechanism includes a stepper motor 34. The output shaft of the stepper motor 34 is connected to the screw 32 through a transmission mechanism to drive the screw 32 to rotate. Generally, two screws 32 are arranged in parallel. The ends of the two screws 32 are connected by rollers 35 in conjunction with a synchronous belt drive structure. The end of one of the screws 32 is further connected to the end of the screw 32 via a transmission belt. When the output shaft of the stepper motor 34 rotates, it drives the two screws 32 to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the pre-bending movable side plate 10 to move along the channel width.

[0032] The second translation mechanism can be implemented using various existing linear displacement mechanisms, such as being directly driven by a pneumatic cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder. The overall specifications of the bend adjustment plate 7 are relatively small, and manual adjustment can be preferably adopted, with only the corresponding limit locking mechanism being provided. In order to make the structure simple and reliable, in certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the bend adjustment plate 7 is arranged on the outside of the fixed side plate 6 before the bend, and the second translation mechanism includes a second guide mechanism and a telescopic limit device. The second guide mechanism includes a second guide wheel and a second slide 5 provided on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate 1. The second slide 5 extends along the first straight line direction. The second guide wheel is provided in the second slide 5 and can move along the length direction of the second slide 5. A plurality of second guide wheels are arranged at intervals along the first straight line direction. The second guide wheel includes a second fixed shaft. The upper end of the second fixed shaft is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the bend adjustment plate 7. Two second rolling bearings are provided on the second fixed shaft to rotate around their axis. The inner side wall of the second slide has a protruding second guide rail. The two second rolling bearings respectively form a rolling fit with the upper surface and the upper surface of the second guide rail. The specific arrangement of the second guide wheel can be found in Figure 2 The arrangement of the first guide wheel shown is implemented in the same manner, differing only in the direction of movement. Similarly, for ease of processing and installation, the second chute 5 and the second guide rail can be integrated into a separate track component, which is then integrally mounted in the corresponding track mounting groove on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate 1.

[0033] In certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the telescopic limit device includes a first rack 41, a first gear 42, a first screw 43 and a first stop block 44. The first gear 42 is rotatably arranged on the head of the first screw 43 through a bearing. The first gear 42 and the first screw 43 are coaxially arranged. The first rack 41 is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the bending adjustment plate 7 and extends along the first straight line direction. The top surface of the front bending fixed side plate 6 is provided with a first threaded hole matching the first screw 43. The first stop block 44 is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the front bending fixed side plate 6 and is located on the outer peripheral side of the first threaded hole. The first stop block 44 has a first engaging groove. When the first screw 43 is connected to the first threaded hole, the first gear 42 can simultaneously engage with the tooth groove of the first rack 41 and the first engaging groove on the first stop block 44. At this time, the connection position of the bending adjustment plate 7 and the front bending fixed side plate 6 is relatively fixed and cannot move relative to each other. Correspondingly, when the first screw 43 is not screwed into the first threaded hole, or after being screwed in, the head of the first screw 43 and the first gear 42 are located as a whole above the first rack 41 and the first stop block 44, the bending adjustment plate 7 can move freely using the second guide mechanism.

[0034] The first rotating mechanism can be implemented by various existing complete sets of structures, for example, it can be directly driven by a rotating cylinder or a motor in conjunction with a transmission system. In order to make the structure simple and reliable, in certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the first rotating mechanism includes a first hinge 51 and a first rotation limiting device. The downstream end of the bending adjustment plate 7 and the upstream end of the first side plate 8 that moves after bending are rotationally connected by the first hinge 51. The first rotation limiting device includes a first limiting plate 52, a second gear 53 and a second screw 54. The first limiting plate 52 is fixedly set on the top surface of the bending adjustment plate 7. The first limiting plate 52 is provided with a first arc-shaped groove 55 arranged around the axis of the first hinge 51. The inner walls on both sides of the first arc-shaped groove 55 are respectively provided with first tooth-shaped grooves. The first tooth-shaped grooves are continuous along the arc length direction of the first arc-shaped groove 55. Arrangement: The second gear 53 is rotatably mounted on the head of the second screw 54 via a bearing. The second gear 53 and the second screw 54 are coaxially arranged. The top surface of the first side plate 8 for rearward movement is provided with a second threaded hole that matches the second screw 54. When the second screw 54 is connected to the second threaded hole, the second gear 53 can simultaneously engage with the first toothed grooves on both sides of the first arc-shaped slot 55. At this time, the connection position between the bending adjustment plate 7 and the first side plate 8 for rearward movement is relatively fixed and cannot rotate relative to each other. The upper surface of the first limiting plate 52 is provided with a first angle scale on the side of the first arc-shaped slot 55 for indicating the connection angle between the first side plate 8 for rearward movement and the bending adjustment plate 7. Accordingly, when the second screw 54 is not screwed into the second threaded hole, or when it is screwed in and the head of the second screw 54 and the second gear 53 are located above the first arc-shaped slot 55, the first side plate 8 for rearward movement can rotate freely using the first hinge 51. The first angle scale can conveniently and directly read the bending angle θ that needs to be adjusted (ie, the angle between the second straight line direction and the first straight line direction).

[0035] Similarly, the second rotating mechanism can be implemented using various existing complete sets of structures, such as being directly driven by a rotating cylinder or a motor in conjunction with a transmission system. In order to make the structure simple and reliable, in certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the second rotating mechanism includes a second hinge 61 and a second rotation limiting device. The downstream end of the front-moving side plate 10 and the upstream end of the rear-moving second side plate 9 are rotationally connected via the second hinge 61. The second rotation limiting device includes a second limiting plate 62, a third gear 63 and a third screw 64. The second limiting plate 62 is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the front-moving side plate 10. The second limiting plate 62 is provided with a second arc-shaped groove 65 arranged around the axis of the second hinge 61. The inner walls on both sides of the second arc-shaped groove 65 are respectively provided with second tooth-shaped grooves. The second tooth-shaped grooves are continuous along the arc length direction of the second arc-shaped groove 65. Arrangement: The third gear 63 is rotatably mounted on the head of a third screw 64 via a bearing. The third gear 63 and the third screw 64 are coaxially arranged. The top surface of the second side plate 9 for rearward movement is provided with a third threaded hole that matches the third screw 64. When the third screw 64 is connected to the third threaded hole, the third gear 63 can simultaneously engage with the second toothed grooves on both sides of the second arc-shaped slot 65. At this time, the connection position between the front-moving side plate 10 and the second side plate 9 for rearward movement is relatively fixed and cannot rotate relative to each other. The upper surface of the second limiting plate 62 is provided with a second angle scale on the side of the second arc-shaped slot 65 for indicating the connection angle between the second side plate 9 for rearward movement and the front-moving side plate 10. Accordingly, when the third screw 64 is not screwed into the third threaded hole, or when it is screwed in and the head of the third screw 64 and the third gear 63 are located above the second arc-shaped slot 65, the second side plate 9 for rearward movement can rotate freely using the second hinge 61. The second angle scale can be used to conveniently and directly read the bending angle θ that needs to be adjusted (ie, the angle between the second straight line direction and the first straight line direction).

[0036] The debris flow slurry test parameters that need to be measured in the present invention generally include at least the speed V0 of the debris flow slurry before entering the bend, the mud level H0 of the debris flow slurry before entering the bend, and the maximum climbing height H of the debris flow slurry after passing the bend. Corresponding flow velocity detection devices and height measurement devices can be provided. In order to make the structure simple and reliable, in certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the debris flow parameter measurement system includes a flow velocity detection device 70 arranged at the downstream end of the bend front channel. The flow velocity detection device 70 includes a fan blade 71, an insulating connecting rod 72, a magnet 73, a rotor 74, a conductive slip ring 75, a brush 76, an insulating tube 77, a wire 78 and a regulator 79. The insulating tube 77 is fixedly installed at the downstream end of the bend front channel along the width direction of the bend front channel. A plurality of fan blades 71 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the insulating tube 77. The fan blades 71 are fixedly connected to the rotor 74 through the insulating connecting rod 72 to form a runner. The rotor 74 is coaxially arranged at the insulating tube 77. Internally, the rotor is rotatably connected to the insulating tube 77 via a bearing coaxially arranged within the tube. Magnet 73 comprises a pair of oppositely charged magnets positioned on either side of the tube, and is fixedly mounted around the outer circumference of the tube. A coil and a conductive slip ring 75 are fixedly integrated on the rotor 74. The coil is located within the magnetic field created by magnet 73. Two conductive slip rings 75 correspond to each end of the coil. Brushes 76 are fixed to the inner wall of the insulating tube 77, corresponding to each of the two conductive slip rings 75. Brushes 76 maintain constant contact with the conductive slip rings 75 and are connected to a modem 79 via a wire 78 to form a measurement circuit. The specific operating principle is as follows: the rotor rotates in tandem with the movement of the debris flow slurry, driving the coil on the rotor 74 to cut through the magnetic flux lines, generating current. This current is transmitted through the conductive slip ring 75, brushes 76, and wire 78 to the modem 79, which interprets it to determine the flow velocity of the debris flow slurry. It is understandable that converting the current signal into a digital signal of the flow velocity is an existing conventional technology. The insulating tube 77 can be set by an independent fixed bracket, or it can be fixed as a whole with the side plate of the channel. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the insulating tube 77 is fixed as a whole with the front movable side plate 10. In a further preferred embodiment, the design height of the insulating tube 77 should take into account the liquid level of the debris flow slurry to prevent the debris flow slurry from entering the insulating tube 77. Only part of the fan blade 71 needs to be located in the debris flow slurry, so there is no need to consider additional sealing measures. Of course, in some alternative embodiments, a sealing end cover can also be added to the end of the insulating tube 77, and only part of the rotating shaft in the area where the fan blade 71 is located passes through the center of the sealing end cover.

[0037] In order to make the structure simple and reliable, in some other preferred embodiments of the present invention, the height measuring device in the debris flow parameter measurement system adopts the following scheme, the height measuring device specifically includes a first height scale 81, a second height scale 82 and a camera 83, the first side plate of the channel and the second side plate of the channel are both made of tempered glass plates, so that the camera 83 can clearly record the internal conditions of the channel from the side of the channel, the first height scale 81 is set at the downstream end of the side plate 10 that moves before bending, and the second height scale 82 is set at the upstream end of the first side plate 8 that moves after bending, and the first height scale 81 and the second height scale 82 are respectively equipped with cameras 83 for recording their height measurement values.

[0038] In order to make the structure more reliable and facilitate the recovery of debris flow slurry, in some other preferred embodiments of the present invention, the downstream end of the first side plate 8 that moves after bending and the downstream end of the second side plate 9 that moves after bending are respectively installed with energy dissipation devices 90 on the inner side of the channel. The energy dissipation device 90 includes a grid plate 92 and a torsion spring. The grid plate 92 is rotatably arranged in the channel of the rear bending section through a rigid rotating shaft 91 and a bearing. The axis of the rigid rotating shaft 91 is horizontally arranged along the width direction of the channel of the rear bending section, and the length direction of the grid plate 92 extends along the width direction of the channel of the rear bending section. The rigid rotating shaft 91 is fixed on the grid plate 92, and the torsion spring is connected between the rigid rotating shaft 91 and the rotating matching surface of the inner side of the channel. When the torsion spring is in a natural state, the grid plate 92 is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the channel bottom plate 1. The orifice plate 92 can absorb most of the impact energy of the debris flow slurry under the support of the torsion spring. The holes provided on the orifice plate 92 can facilitate the discharge of the debris flow slurry and prevent the debris flow slurry from accumulating or silting here, which would affect the test.

[0039] It is understandable that those skilled in the art can adopt various temporary sealing measures to seal possible gaps within the trench, such as applying waterproof tape. To make the anti-leakage slurry structure more reliable, in other preferred embodiments of the present invention, water-swelling rubber strips 11 are fixedly provided on the lower end surface of the bending adjustment plate 7, the lower end surface of the first side plate 8 that moves after bending, the lower end surface of the side plate 10 that moves before bending, and the lower end surface of the second side plate 9 that moves after bending. The water-swelling rubber strips 11 are conventional accessories that expand when exposed to water and shrink when dehydrated. In the present invention, they are mainly used to seal gaps at the bottom of the trench to prevent debris flow slurry from seeping out of the bottom gaps during the test. The vertical joint between the upstream end of the bend adjustment plate 7 and the downstream end of the front bend fixed side plate 6 is equipped with a water-retaining rubber strip 12, so that the inner side surface of the channel at the connection between the bend adjustment plate 7 and the front bend fixed side plate 6 is a sealed structure. The gap at this location is relatively small compared to the bottom gap and is subjected to relatively small impact force. Therefore, a conventional bottom gap can achieve a better leakage prevention effect. The water-retaining rubber strip 12 can generally be made of rubber material, and the extrusion force generated by its elastic deformation is used to fill the gap. The joint gaps in the areas where the first rotating mechanism and the second rotating mechanism are located are respectively covered with waterproof tape, so that the inner side surface of the channel at the connection between the bend adjustment plate 7 and the first side plate 8 that moves after bending, and the inner side surface of the channel at the connection between the front bend movable side plate 10 and the second side plate 9 that moves after bending are both sealed structures. The joint gaps in the areas where the first rotating mechanism and the second rotating mechanism are respectively covered with waterproof tape, which facilitates repeated implementation. When adjusting the angle later, the original waterproof tape needs to be removed. After the adjustment is completed, a new, unused waterproof tape is pasted on the gap.

[0040] To make the overall structure more reliable, in some other preferred embodiments of the present invention, a channel front end plate 15 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate 1 at the upstream end of the channel, and a water-retaining rubber strip 12 is provided in the vertical joint between the upstream end of the bend-front movable side plate 10 and the channel front end plate 15, so that the upstream end of the channel is a closed structure. In some alternative embodiments, the vertical joint between the upstream end of the bend-front movable side plate 10 and the channel front end plate 15 can also be sealed with a water-swelling rubber strip 11.

[0041] To facilitate the uniform introduction of debris flow slurry, the channel front end plate 15 is evenly spaced with multiple feed ports 16 along the width of the channel. To further facilitate the introduction of debris flow slurry and the adjustment of initial parameters, in some other preferred embodiments of the present invention, the debris flow slurry input system includes a variable frequency speed regulating centrifugal pump 21, a discharge main pipe 22, a feed pipe 23 and a material preparation trough 24. The feed end of the variable frequency speed regulating centrifugal pump 21 is connected to the material preparation trough 24 through the feed pipe 23, and the discharge end of the variable frequency speed regulating centrifugal pump 21 is connected to the discharge main pipe 22, and a regulating valve 25 is provided at one end of the discharge main pipe 22 near the variable frequency speed regulating centrifugal pump 21; the discharge main pipe 22 is connected to the feed port 16 of the channel front end plate 15 through multiple openable and closable discharge branch pipes 26, and the discharge branch pipes 26 correspond one to one with the feed port 16 of the channel front end plate 15. The opening and closing function of the discharge branch pipe 26 can be realized in a variety of ways. For example, the discharge branch pipe 26 is a fixed rigid pipe, a stop valve can be provided on the discharge branch pipe 26, or a removable plug can be provided at the feed port 16; for example, the discharge branch pipe 26 is a removable corrugated pipe, a branch pipe connection port matching the discharge branch pipe 26 can be reserved on the discharge main pipe 22, and a removable plug can be provided at the branch pipe connection port or the feed port 16. In certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the discharge main pipe 22 can generally be in the form of a steel pipe, the feed pipe 23 and the discharge branch pipe 26 can generally be in the form of a bellows structure, and the regulating valve 25 can generally be in the form of a ball valve. By using the variable frequency speed regulation function of the variable frequency speed regulation centrifugal pump 21 and adjusting the opening and closing degree of the regulating valve 25, the input amount and input speed of the debris flow slurry can be controlled, providing power for the movement of the debris flow slurry into the channel. In other preferred embodiments, the debris flow slurry recovery tank 27 can also be connected to the feed pipe 23 to start a secondary test and achieve recycling. In some alternative embodiments, the debris flow slurry recovery tank 27 can also be connected to the material preparation tank 24 through an additional conveying system to achieve secondary utilization of the debris flow slurry.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific test includes the following steps: Step 1, preparation stage: the above-mentioned debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device is pre-assembled. According to the test requirements, the stepper motor 34 is first used to drive the screw 32 to rotate, thereby driving the front bend movable side plate 10 to move, and the width B of the downstream end of the front bend channel is adjusted. The first chute 2 located in the channel is installed with the chute cover plate, and then the first screw 43, the second screw 54 and the third screw 64 are loosened. The second translation mechanism, the first rotation mechanism and the second rotation mechanism are used to adjust the bending angle θ (i.e., the angle between the second straight line direction and the first straight line direction) and the position of the bending adjustment plate. Ensure that the width of the channel at the rear bend section is the same as the width of the downstream end of the channel at the front bend section. After adjustment, tighten the first screw 43, the second screw 54, and the third screw 64, then check to confirm that the channel is in a closed state. If there is a gap on the flow surface of the channel, seal it with waterproof tape; use the electric telescopic legs 13 to make the slope i of the upper surface of the channel bottom plate 1 a set value; according to the width arrangement of the upstream end of the channel at the front bend section, make the discharge branch pipe 26 corresponding to the feed port 16 in the channel in an open state, and the other discharge branch pipes 26 in a closed state; Step 2, test phase: using the debris flow slurry input system to input the prepared debris flow slurry into the front end of the channel, the bulk density of the debris flow slurry is γ, and then using the debris flow parameter measurement system to measure and record the test parameters of the debris flow slurry in real time. The debris flow slurry test parameters include the movement speed V0 of the debris flow slurry before entering the bend (measured by the flow velocity detection device set at the downstream end of the channel before the bend), the mud level height H0 of the debris flow slurry before entering the bend (measured by the camera 83 in conjunction with the first height scale 81), and the maximum climbing height H of the debris flow slurry after passing the bend (measured by the camera 83 in conjunction with the second height scale 82); the debris flow slurry enters the debris flow slurry recovery tank 27 after energy dissipation. After one test is completed, the data recorded by the debris flow parameter measurement system is read and processed; Step 3: Progressive test: flush the channel and redesign the test, such as adjusting the width B of the downstream end of the channel before the bend, the bend angle θ , the speed V0 of the debris flow slurry before entering the bend and other design parameters, and then repeat steps one and two.

[0043] After a lot of experiments, multiple sets of data were obtained and fitted. H=f (H 0 ,γ,θ,V 0 , B, i) Function, to study the maximum climbing height law of debris flow curve.

[0044] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0045] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device, comprising a debris flow slurry input system, a channel simulation system, a debris flow parameter measurement system and a debris flow slurry recovery trough (27), wherein the channel simulation system comprises a channel and a channel support device, the discharge end of the debris flow slurry input system is connected to the front end of the channel, the feed end of the debris flow slurry recovery trough (27) is connected to the end of the channel, the channel comprises a channel bottom plate (1), a first channel side plate and a second channel side plate, the channel bottom plate (1) is supported and fixed by the channel support device, and is characterized in that: The first side plate of the channel comprises a front-bending fixed side plate (6), a bending adjustment plate (7) and a first side plate (8) movable after bending, and the second side plate of the channel comprises a front-bending movable side plate (10) and a second side plate (9) movable after bending, the front-bending fixed side plate (6) being vertically fixedly connected to the upper surface of the channel bottom plate (1), the front-bending fixed side plate (6) and the front-bending movable side plate (10) being symmetrically arranged relative to a vertical plane passing through the center of the channel width direction, the front-bending fixed side plate (6), the front-bending movable side plate (10) and the channel bottom plate (1) being used to form a front-bending channel extending in a first straight line direction, the front-bending movable side plate (10) being arranged on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate (1) through a first translation mechanism, the first translation mechanism being used to adjust the spacing between the front-bending fixed side plate (6) and the front-bending movable side plate (10) in the channel width direction, the upstream end of the bending adjustment plate (7) being aligned with the front-bending fixed side plate The downstream ends of the plates (6) are in direct contact with each other, and the bend adjustment plate (7) is provided with a second translation mechanism so that the bend adjustment plate (7) can reciprocate along the first straight line direction relative to the upper surface of the channel bottom plate (1); the first side plate (8) for moving after bending, the second side plate (9) for moving after bending and the channel bottom plate (1) are used to form a bend section channel extending along the second straight line direction; the downstream end of the bend adjustment plate (7) and the upstream end of the first side plate (8) for moving after bending are connected by a first rotation mechanism, and the downstream end of the side plate (10) for moving before bending and the upstream end of the second side plate (9) for moving after bending are connected by a second rotation mechanism. The cooperation of the first rotation mechanism and the second rotation mechanism makes the second straight line direction have a set angle relative to the first straight line direction, and the second translation mechanism makes the width of the bend section channel the same as the width of the downstream end of the bend section channel.

2. The debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pre-bend channel comprises a pre-bend straight channel 1, a pre-bend beam channel and a pre-bend straight channel 2 which are arranged in sequence from the upstream end of the channel to the downstream end of the channel, wherein the width of the pre-bend straight channel 2 is smaller than the width of the pre-bend straight channel 1; the channel support device comprises a plurality of electric telescopic legs (13) arranged vertically along the axis, and the top ends of the electric telescopic legs (13) are hinged to the bottom of the channel bottom plate (1) so that the slope of the upper surface of the channel bottom plate (1) can be adjusted.

3. The debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first translation mechanism includes a first guide mechanism, a screw nut transmission mechanism and a power mechanism. The first guide mechanism is arranged in multiple groups at intervals along the first straight line direction. Each group of the first guide mechanism includes a first guide wheel and a first slide groove (2) arranged on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate (1). The first slide groove (2) extends along the width direction of the bend front section channel. The first guide wheel is arranged in the first slide groove (2) and can move along the length direction of the first slide groove (2). The first guide wheel includes a first fixed shaft (36). The upper end of the first fixed shaft (36) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the bend front moving side plate (10). Two first rolling bearings (37) are arranged on the first fixed shaft (36) to rotate around the axis thereof. The inner side wall of the first slide groove (2) has a protruding first guide rail (3). The two first rolling bearings (37) are respectively connected to the first guide rail. The upper surface of (3) and the upper surface form a rolling fit, the upper end notch of the first slide groove (2) is equipped with a detachable slide groove cover plate, and the slide groove cover plate is independently arranged along the length direction of the first slide groove (2); the screw nut transmission mechanism includes a nut plate (31), a screw (32) and a support plate (33), the support plate (33) is fixed relative to the channel bottom plate (1), the screw (32) is rotatably arranged on the support plate (33) through a bearing, the axis of the screw (32) extends along the width direction of the channel of the front bending section, the nut plate (31) and the screw (32) are threadedly connected, and the nut plate (31) is fixedly arranged on the top of the front bending movable side plate (10); the power mechanism includes a stepping motor (34), the output shaft of the stepping motor (34) is connected to the screw (32) through the transmission mechanism to drive the screw (32) to rotate.

4. The debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bending adjustment plate (7) is arranged on the outer side of the fixed side plate (6) before bending. The second translation mechanism includes a second guide mechanism and a telescopic limit device. The second guide mechanism includes a second guide wheel and a second slide groove (5) arranged on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate (1). The second slide groove (5) is extended and arranged along the first straight line direction. The second guide wheel is arranged in the second slide groove (5) and can move along the length direction of the second slide groove (5). A plurality of second guide wheels are arranged at intervals along the first straight line direction. The second guide wheel includes a second fixed shaft. The upper end of the second fixed shaft is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the bending adjustment plate (7). Two second rolling bearings rotating around the axis thereof are arranged on the second fixed shaft. The inner side wall of the second slide groove has a protruding second guide rail. The two second rolling bearings respectively form a rolling fit with the upper surface and the upper surface of the second guide rail; the telescopic limit device includes a first rack ( 41), a first gear (42), a first screw (43) and a first stop block (44), the first gear (42) is rotatably arranged on the head of the first screw (43) through a bearing, the first gear (42) and the first screw (43) are coaxially arranged, the first rack (41) is fixedly arranged on the top end surface of the bending adjustment plate (7) and extends along the first straight line direction, the top end surface of the front bending fixed side plate (6) is provided with a first threaded hole matching the first screw (43), the first stop block (44) is fixedly arranged on the top end surface of the front bending fixed side plate (6) and is located on the outer peripheral side of the first threaded hole, the first stop block (44) has a first engaging groove, when the first screw (43) is connected to the first threaded hole, the first gear (42) can be engaged with the tooth groove of the first rack (41) and the first engaging groove on the first stop block (44) at the same time.

5. The debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first rotation mechanism includes a first hinge (51) and a first rotation limiting device. The downstream end of the bending adjustment plate (7) and the upstream end of the first side plate (8) that moves after bending are rotationally connected through the first hinge (51). The first rotation limiting device includes a first limiting plate (52), a second gear (53) and a second screw (54). The first limiting plate (52) is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the bending adjustment plate (7). The first limiting plate (52) is provided with a first arc-shaped groove (55) arranged around the axis of the first hinge (51). The inner walls of both sides of the first arc-shaped groove (55) are respectively provided with first tooth-shaped grooves. The first tooth-shaped grooves are arranged along the first arc-shaped groove (55). ) are arranged continuously in the arc length direction; the second gear (53) is rotatably arranged on the head of the second screw (54) through a bearing, the second gear (53) and the second screw (54) are coaxially arranged, and the top surface of the first side plate (8) that moves after bending is provided with a second threaded hole that matches the second screw (54), and when the second screw (54) is connected to the second threaded hole, the second gear (53) can be simultaneously engaged with the first tooth-shaped grooves on both sides of the first circular arc through groove (55); the upper surface of the first limiting plate (52) is provided with a first angle scale on the side of the first circular arc through groove (55) for displaying the connection angle between the first side plate (8) that moves after bending and the bending adjustment plate (7); The second rotation mechanism includes a second hinge (61) and a second rotation limiting device. The downstream end of the front-bending movable side plate (10) and the upstream end of the rear-bending movable second side plate (9) are rotationally connected via the second hinge (61). The second rotation limiting device includes a second limiting plate (62), a third gear (63) and a third screw (64). The second limiting plate (62) is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the front-bending movable side plate (10). The second limiting plate (62) is provided with a second arc-shaped through groove (65) arranged around the axis of the second hinge (61). The inner walls of both sides of the second arc-shaped through groove (65) are respectively provided with second tooth-shaped grooves. The second tooth-shaped grooves are arranged along the second arc-shaped through groove (61). 5) are arranged continuously in the arc length direction; the third gear (63) is rotatably arranged on the head of the third screw (64) through a bearing, the third gear (63) and the third screw (64) are coaxially arranged, and the top surface of the second side plate (9) that moves after bending is provided with a third threaded hole that matches the third screw (64), and when the third screw (64) is connected to the third threaded hole, the third gear (63) can be simultaneously engaged with the second tooth-shaped grooves on both sides of the second circular arc through groove (65); the upper surface of the second limiting plate (62) is provided with a second angle scale on the side of the second circular arc through groove (65) for displaying the connection angle between the second side plate (9) that moves after bending and the side plate (10) that moves before bending.

6. The debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The debris flow parameter measurement system includes a flow velocity detection device (70) arranged at the downstream end of the bend front section channel, the flow velocity detection device (70) includes a fan blade (71), an insulating connecting rod (72), a magnet (73), a rotor (74), a conductive slip ring (75), a brush (76), an insulating tube (77), a wire (78) and a regulator (79), the insulating tube (77) is fixedly installed at the downstream end of the bend front section channel along the width direction of the bend front section channel, a plurality of fan blades (71) are arranged at intervals in the outer circumferential direction of the insulating tube (77), the fan blades (71) are fixedly connected to the rotor (74) through the insulating connecting rod (72) to form a runner, the rotor (74) is coaxially arranged inside the insulating tube (77), and the runner is coaxially arranged The bearing inside the insulating tube (77) is connected to the insulating tube (77) in a rotational manner; the magnet (73) includes a pair of opposite magnets arranged on both sides of the insulating tube (77), and the magnet (73) is fixedly arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the insulating tube (77); a coil and a conductive slip ring (75) are fixedly integrated on the rotor (74), the coil is located in the magnetic field area formed by the magnet (73), two conductive slip rings (75) are designed and correspond to the two ends of the coil, and the brush (76) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the insulating tube (77) and corresponds to the conductive slip ring (75) one by one. The brush (76) and the conductive slip ring (75) always maintain a contact state, and the brush (76) is connected to the regulator (79) through the wire (78) to form a measuring circuit.

7. The debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The debris flow parameter measurement system includes a height measuring device, wherein the first side plate of the channel and the second side plate of the channel are both made of tempered glass plates, and the height measuring device includes a first height scale (81), a second height scale (82) and a camera (83), wherein the first height scale (81) is arranged at the downstream end of the side plate (10) that moves before bending, and the second height scale (82) is arranged at the upstream end of the first side plate (8) that moves after bending, and the first height scale (81) and the second height scale (82) are respectively equipped with a camera (83) for recording their height measurement values.

8. The debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The downstream end of the first side plate (8) that moves after bending and the downstream end of the second side plate (9) that moves after bending are respectively installed with energy dissipation devices (90) on the inner side surface of the channel. The energy dissipation devices include a grid hole plate (92) and a torsion spring. The grid hole plate (92) is rotatably arranged in the channel of the rear bending section through a rigid rotating shaft (91) in conjunction with a bearing. The axis of the rigid rotating shaft (91) is horizontally arranged along the width direction of the channel of the rear bending section. The length direction of the grid hole plate (92) is extended along the width direction of the channel of the rear bending section. The rigid rotating shaft (91) is fixedly arranged on the grid hole plate (92). The torsion spring is connected between the rigid rotating shaft (91) and the rotating matching surface of the inner side surface of the channel. When the torsion spring is in a natural state, the grid hole plate (92) is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the channel bottom plate (1).

9. The debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end surface of the bending adjustment plate (7), the lower end surface of the first side plate (8) movable after bending, the lower end surface of the side plate (10) movable before bending, and the lower end surface of the second side plate (9) movable after bending are respectively fixedly provided with water-expandable rubber strips (11); the vertical butt joint between the upstream end of the bending adjustment plate (7) and the downstream end of the fixed side plate (6) before bending is provided with a water-retaining rubber strip (12), so that the inner side surface of the channel at the connection portion of the bending adjustment plate (7) and the fixed side plate (6) before bending is a sealed structure; the butt joint gaps in the areas where the first rotating mechanism and the second rotating mechanism are located are respectively covered by waterproof tapes, so that the inner side surface of the channel at the connection portion of the bending adjustment plate (7) and the first side plate (8) movable after bending, and the inner side surface of the channel at the connection portion of the movable side plate (10) and the second side plate (9) movable after bending are all sealed structures.

10. The debris flow curve climbing motion simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: A channel front end plate (15) is fixedly provided on the upper surface of the channel bottom plate (1) at the upstream end of the channel, and a water-retaining rubber strip (12) is provided at the vertical joint between the upstream end of the front-bending movable side plate (10) and the channel front end plate (15), so that the upstream end of the channel is a closed structure; the channel front end plate (15) is evenly spaced along the width direction of the channel with a plurality of feed ports (16); The debris flow slurry input system includes a variable frequency speed regulating centrifugal pump (21), a discharge main pipe (22), a feed pipe (23) and a material preparation trough (24). The feed end of the variable frequency speed regulating centrifugal pump (21) is connected to the material preparation trough (24) through the feed pipe (23), the discharge end of the variable frequency speed regulating centrifugal pump (21) is connected to the discharge main pipe (22), and a regulating valve (25) is provided at one end of the discharge main pipe (22) close to the variable frequency speed regulating centrifugal pump (21); the discharge main pipe (22) is connected to the feed port (16) of the channel front end plate (15) through a plurality of openable and closable discharge branch pipes (26), and the discharge branch pipes (26) correspond to the feed port (16) of the channel front end plate (15) one by one.

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