Solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging test system and solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging test method

Abstract

The invention discloses a solid hydrogen storage charging and discharging test system and method, and the system comprises a hydrogen supply assembly which is used for conveying hydrogen to a solid hydrogen storage charging and discharging assembly; the solid hydrogen storage charging and discharging assembly is used for storing the hydrogen conveyed by the hydrogen supply assembly through a solid hydrogen storage unit and conveying the stored hydrogen to downstream equipment according to the requirement of a hydrogen charging and discharging test; the circulating water assembly is used for keeping the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage unit during the hydrogen charging and discharging test; and the backflow assembly is used for conveying the hydrogen in the solid hydrogen storage charging and discharging assembly back to the hydrogen supply assembly. Through the synergistic effect of the hydrogen supply assembly, the solid hydrogen storage charging and discharging assembly, the circulating water assembly and the backflow assembly, efficient storage, precise temperature control and safe recovery of hydrogen are achieved, and the device has the advantages that the temperature control precision is improved, hydrogen recovery is achieved, and the test safety and accuracy are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy testing equipment, and in particular to a solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging testing system and method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Solid-state hydrogen storage involves the absorption of hydrogen by hydrogen storage alloys and their storage within the alloy. The absorption and desorption of hydrogen in solid-state hydrogen storage is a reversible process with dynamic equilibrium. Hydrogen absorption is an exothermic reaction, and the released heat raises the temperature of the alloy hydrogen storage material. Upon reaching a certain temperature, hydrogen absorption ceases. If heat absorption continues and reaches a certain temperature, hydrogen desorption begins. Because hydrogen is a flammable and explosive gas, controlling the safe and efficient charging of solid-state hydrogen storage materials is a crucial prerequisite for their application, necessitating the use of a testing platform.

[0003] For example, the patent document with application number 202410058945.2 discloses a performance testing platform and method for a solid-state hydrogen storage container device, including a heat exchange chamber connected to an auxiliary machine chamber, the bottom of the inner cavity of the auxiliary machine chamber is connected to a refrigerator, a weighing chamber and a hydrogen cylinder, the bottom of the weighing chamber is connected to an electronic balance, the output port of the hydrogen cylinder is connected to a hydrogen charging and discharging pipeline, the pipeline of the hydrogen charging and discharging pipeline is connected to a main valve, the output port of the solid-state hydrogen storage container of the solid-state hydrogen storage container device is connected to a flexible pipe and a joint, the other end of the joint is connected to a flow meter, a pressure gauge and a branch valve, the other end of the branch valve is connected to the hydrogen charging and discharging pipeline, the joint of the solid-state hydrogen storage container device is connected to the joint of another solid-state hydrogen storage container device, and there is a coolant outlet on the side of the heat exchange chamber.

[0004] The above technical solution uses heat exchange medium circulation and electric heating methods to ensure that the solid-state hydrogen storage container device is under constant temperature or constant heat flux boundary conditions during the hydrogen charging and discharging test, making the test results more stable and reliable. However, it still has the following shortcomings:

[0005] 1) In terms of temperature control, an indirect heat exchange method is used, such as using a refrigerator and a heater to adjust the temperature of the heat exchange medium, and then using a heat exchange chamber to adjust the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage container. This method has problems such as insufficient temperature regulation accuracy and slow response speed, making it difficult to meet the precise temperature control requirements during the hydrogen charging and discharging process.

[0006] 2) In terms of pipeline design, the existing system lacks an effective hydrogen recovery mechanism, resulting in the inability to promptly recover residual hydrogen in the pipeline during the test process. This not only affects test accuracy but also poses a safety hazard.

[0007] 3) In terms of flow control, the existing system is unable to achieve flow control of hydrogen storage based on the hydrogen absorption characteristics of the hydrogen storage material.

[0008] Therefore, it is necessary for us to improve the above-mentioned prior art to overcome the above-mentioned defects. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a solid-state hydrogen storage charge and discharge test system and method thereof to solve the defects existing in the prior art.

[0010] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0011] A solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging test system, comprising

[0012] A hydrogen supply component, used to deliver hydrogen to the solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging component;

[0013] Solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging components are used to store the hydrogen delivered by the hydrogen supply component through the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and deliver the stored hydrogen to downstream equipment according to the requirements of the hydrogen charging and discharging test;

[0014] Circulating water assembly, used to maintain the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit during hydrogen charging and discharging tests;

[0015] The reflux component is used to transport the hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging component back to the hydrogen supply component.

[0016] Furthermore, the hydrogen supply assembly includes a hydrogen supply pipeline, one end of the hydrogen supply pipeline is set as a hydrogen inlet, the other end of the hydrogen supply pipeline is connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging assembly, and a buffer tank is provided on the hydrogen supply pipeline;

[0017] The hydrogen supply pipeline at the front end of the buffer tank is provided with a first pressure transmitter, a first ball valve and a nitrogen purge valve, and the hydrogen supply pipeline at the rear end of the buffer tank is provided with a first solenoid valve, a first mass flow meter, a flow controller and a first check valve.

[0018] Furthermore, the flow controller includes a valve body and a valve block arranged at one end of the valve body. A communicating hydrogen flow channel is provided inside the valve body and the valve block. Several porous ceramic parts for flow control are provided in the hydrogen flow channel, and sealing parts are provided between the porous ceramic parts.

[0019] Furthermore, the solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging assembly includes a solid-state hydrogen storage unit, and a second solenoid valve and a second pressure transmitter are provided on the connecting pipeline between the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and the hydrogen supply assembly;

[0020] The gas outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is provided with a first filter, and is connected to a hydrogen discharge pipeline and a first discharge pipeline arranged in parallel. A first safety valve is provided on the first discharge pipeline, and a second mass flow meter, a third solenoid valve, a first flow valve, a third pressure transmitter and a second ball valve are provided on the hydrogen discharge pipeline.

[0021] The hydrogen discharge pipeline and the first discharge pipeline are provided with a connecting pipeline for emergency discharge, and a fourth solenoid valve and a second check valve are provided on the connecting pipeline.

[0022] Furthermore, the circulating water assembly includes a water inlet main line and a water outlet main line connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage unit, a fifth solenoid valve and a third check valve are provided on the water inlet main line, and a temperature transmitter, a second filter and a sixth solenoid valve are provided on the water outlet main line;

[0023] The main water inlet line is connected to the water inlet flow regulating line, on which a seventh solenoid valve, a second flow valve and a fourth check valve are provided; the main water outlet line is connected to the water outlet flow regulating line, on which an eighth solenoid valve is provided.

[0024] Furthermore, the reflux assembly includes a reflux pipeline connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging assembly, and a ninth solenoid valve, a pressure reducing valve, a pressure gauge, a fifth check valve and a fourth pressure transmitter are provided on the reflux pipeline. The outlet end of the reflux pipeline is respectively connected to the second discharge pipeline and the buffer tank;

[0025] A second safety valve is provided on the second relief pipeline, a relief port is provided on the buffer tank, a sixth check valve and a third ball valve are provided at the relief port; a tenth solenoid valve C3 and a seventh check valve C4 are provided on the connecting pipeline between the return pipeline and the second relief pipeline.

[0026] A solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging test method comprises the following steps:

[0027] S1. Hydrogen Storage

[0028] The second solenoid valve is opened, and the fourth, third and ninth solenoid valves are closed. The hydrogen supply assembly delivers hydrogen to the solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging assembly and stores it in the solid-state hydrogen storage unit. During the storage of hydrogen, the water inlet main line is connected to cold water, and after completing heat exchange with the solid-state hydrogen storage unit, the water is discharged from the water outlet main line;

[0029] S2. Hydrogen release

[0030] Open the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve and the second ball valve, close the first solenoid valve, the fourth solenoid valve and the ninth solenoid valve, and the hydrogen stored in the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is transported to the downstream equipment through the hydrogen discharge pipeline; during the hydrogen transportation process, the water inlet main line is connected to hot water, and after completing the heat exchange with the solid-state hydrogen storage unit, it is discharged through the water outlet main line.

[0031] Furthermore, the method also includes hydrogen recovery, and the specific method is as follows:

[0032] After the hydrogen storage is completed, the ninth solenoid valve is opened and the second solenoid valve is closed to transport the hydrogen in the pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging component back to the buffer tank of the hydrogen supply component through the reflux component.

[0033] Furthermore, during the heat exchange process between the circulating water component and the solid-state hydrogen storage unit, if the heat generated or absorbed by the solid-state hydrogen storage unit during charging and discharging of hydrogen is greater than the heat exchange capacity of the circulating water component, the spare cold / hot water tank is connected through the water inlet flow regulating pipeline and discharged through the water outlet flow regulating pipeline.

[0034] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] Through the synergistic effect of hydrogen supply components, solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging components, circulating water components and reflux components, efficient storage, precise temperature control, flow control and safe recovery of hydrogen are achieved, which has the advantages of improving temperature control accuracy, realizing hydrogen recovery, and enhancing test safety and accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging test system of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the flow controller of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below with reference to diagrams and specific embodiments.

[0039] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging test system proposed by the present invention includes a hydrogen supply component A for delivering hydrogen to a solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging component B;

[0040] Solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging component B is used to store the hydrogen delivered by hydrogen supply component A through solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0, and deliver the stored hydrogen to downstream equipment according to the requirements of hydrogen charging and discharging tests;

[0041] Circulating water component C, used to maintain the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0 during hydrogen charging and discharging tests;

[0042] The reflux component D is used to transport the hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging component B back to the hydrogen supply component A.

[0043] Among them, the hydrogen supply component A refers to a pipeline system with a hydrogen transportation function, which can be specifically implemented by a pipeline structure with a buffer tank A3 and a flow control valve. The buffer tank A3 is used to stabilize the gas supply pressure, and the flow control valve is used to accurately adjust the hydrogen flow.

[0044] The solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging component B refers to a container device containing hydrogen storage alloy materials, which can be specifically implemented by a connecting pipeline with a solenoid valve and a pressure sensor. The solenoid valve is used to control the flow direction of hydrogen, and the pressure sensor is used to monitor the internal pressure of the hydrogen storage unit.

[0045] The circulating water component C refers to a fluid circulation system in direct contact with the hydrogen storage unit. Specifically, it can be implemented by using inlet and outlet water pipes connected to external cold and hot water sources. The heat absorption or release of the hydrogen storage unit is achieved by adjusting the circulating water temperature.

[0046] The reflux component D refers to the reverse pipeline connecting the hydrogen storage component and the hydrogen supply component A. Specifically, it can be implemented by a delivery channel with a pressure reducing valve and a check valve. The pressure reducing valve is used to reduce the hydrogen return pressure, and the check valve prevents gas backflow.

[0047] Specifically, the hydrogen storage unit is connected to the hydrogen supply assembly A via a metal pipeline. During the hydrogen charging process, the hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage alloy after being pressure-stabilized by the buffer tank A3. The circulating water directly exchanges heat through the heat exchange structure that wraps the hydrogen storage unit, quickly removing the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction. During the hydrogen release test, the circulating water is switched to hot water input to provide the heat required for desorption. After the test, the residual hydrogen is pressure-regulated by the pressure reducing valve and then returned to the hydrogen supply buffer tank A3, forming a closed loop. The heat exchange process achieves precise temperature control by adjusting the inlet and outlet water flow rates, and the hydrogen recovery process is driven by a pressure gradient.

[0048] This solution uses a direct-contact water circulation system, which shortens the heat conduction path, enables rapid and precise adjustment of the hydrogen storage unit temperature, and shortens the temperature response time. It also establishes a closed-loop hydrogen circulation path, eliminating the impact of residual gas in the pipeline on test results. Through system integration and optimization, it improves the safety and repeatability of the test process.

[0049] This application further proposes a hydrogen supply assembly A comprising a hydrogen supply pipeline, one end of which is provided as a hydrogen inlet and the other end is connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging assembly B. A buffer tank A3 is provided on the hydrogen supply pipeline. The hydrogen supply pipeline at the front end of the buffer tank A3 is provided with a first pressure transmitter A0, a first ball valve A1, and a nitrogen purge valve A2. The hydrogen supply pipeline at the rear end of the buffer tank A3 is provided with a first solenoid valve A4, a first mass flowmeter A5, a flow controller A6, and a first check valve A7.

[0050] Among them, the buffer tank A3 refers to a container device used to stabilize the pressure fluctuations of the hydrogen supply pipeline. Specifically, it can be achieved by using a metal tank body with a pressure regulating function, and its internal volume can be set to a range of 50-200 liters. The first pressure transmitter A0 refers to a sensor for real-time monitoring of the hydrogen inlet pressure. Specifically, a piezoresistive sensor with an accuracy of ±0.5% can be used. The nitrogen purge valve A2 refers to a control valve for injecting inert gas into the pipeline. Specifically, a two-way stop valve with a filtering function can be used to replace the residual hydrogen in the pipeline with nitrogen before testing. The flow controller A6 refers to an actuator for adjusting the hydrogen flow rate. Specifically, an electric control valve with a PID control algorithm can be used. A porous ceramic part A64 is arranged inside the valve body A61 to form a laminar flow channel.

[0051] During the hydrogen storage test, buffer tank A3 maintains a stable pressure on the hydrogen entering solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0 by absorbing sudden pressure changes in the hydrogen supply line. When the first pressure transmitter A0 detects that the inlet pressure exceeds the set threshold, the first solenoid valve A4 and flow controller A6 are linked and adjusted, forming a closed-loop control loop using real-time flow data fed back by the mass flowmeter. The nitrogen purge valve A2 opens after the test to displace and discharge any residual hydrogen in the pipeline, preventing residual gas from affecting the accuracy of subsequent tests. The first check valve A7 automatically cuts off reverse flow in the event of abnormal hydrogen supply line pressure, preventing hydrogen from solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0 from flowing back into buffer tank A3.

[0052] The present application further proposes that the flow controller A6 includes a valve body A61 and a valve block A62 arranged at one end of the valve body A61, and a connected hydrogen flow channel A63 is provided inside the valve body A61 and the valve block A62. A number of porous ceramic parts A64 for flow control are provided in the hydrogen flow channel A63, and sealing parts A65 are provided between the porous ceramic parts A64.

[0053] Among them, the porous ceramic part A64 refers to a ceramic material with a uniform pore structure, which can be specifically sintered from alumina or silicon carbide. This structure evenly diverts the hydrogen flow through the pores to form a laminar flow state, thereby avoiding flow fluctuations caused by turbulence.

[0054] Seal A65 is an elastic, hydrogen-embrittlement-resistant annular gasket, typically made of fluororubber or polytetrafluoroethylene. It isolates the gaps between adjacent porous ceramic components A64 to prevent hydrogen leakage and compensates for temperature-related expansion variations within the porous ceramic components A64 through elastic deformation.

[0055] Valve block A62 is a metal component that is detachably connected to valve body A61. It can be made of stainless steel, and its internal flow channel is coaxial with that of valve body A61. This structure allows for adapting to different flow control requirements by replacing valve block A62 components with different pore densities.

[0056] As hydrogen flows through the throughflow channel formed by valve body A61 and valve block A62, it sequentially passes through multiple porous ceramic components A64. The pores in each porous ceramic component A64 disperse the hydrogen into multiple microstreams, which, through superposition, achieve linear flow regulation. Seal A65 forms a compression seal between the contact surfaces of adjacent ceramic components, preventing hydrogen from leaking from the edges. If the flow control range needs to be adjusted, valve block A62 can be disassembled and replaced with a component containing ceramic components of different porosity, for example, replacing a 40% porosity component with a 50% porosity component to expand the flow regulation range.

[0057] Compared with existing technologies, the traditional flow controller A6 uses a throttle valve to achieve flow control by varying its opening. However, hydrogen easily forms turbulent flow at the throttle valve, leading to pressure fluctuations and nonlinear flow changes. This solution, however, uses the laminar flow diversion effect of the porous ceramic component A64 to achieve more uniform hydrogen pressure distribution. For example, under the same pressure differential conditions, the flow fluctuation amplitude can be reduced to less than 1 / 3 of that of the traditional method. The split valve block A62 design of this solution supports the rapid replacement of control components. For example, high-porosity ceramic components can be used during low-pressure testing and replaced with low-porosity ceramic components during high-pressure testing.

[0058] Through the above technical solution, the present application realizes high-precision linear control of hydrogen flow, avoiding unstable hydrogen absorption and desorption rates of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0 due to sudden changes in flow; through the elastic compensation effect of the seal A65, the risk of sealing failure caused by thermal expansion of the porous ceramic part A64 under high-temperature conditions is eliminated; the split valve block A62 structure enables the flow controller A6 to adapt to different test pressures and flow requirements, reducing equipment modification costs.

[0059] The present application further proposes that the solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging assembly B includes a solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0, and a second solenoid valve B1 and a second pressure transmitter B2 are provided on the connecting pipeline between the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0 and the hydrogen supply assembly A; a first filter B3 is provided at the gas outlet end of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0, and is connected to the hydrogen discharge pipeline and the first discharge pipeline arranged in parallel, a first safety valve B4 is provided on the first discharge pipeline, and a second mass flowmeter B7, a third solenoid valve B8, a first flow valve B9, a third pressure transmitter B10 and a second ball valve B11 are provided on the hydrogen discharge pipeline; the hydrogen discharge pipeline and the first discharge pipeline are provided with a connecting pipeline for emergency discharge, and a fourth solenoid valve B5 and a second check valve B6 are provided on the connecting pipeline.

[0060] The second solenoid valve B1 is a valve that controls the opening and closing of the pipeline via an electrical signal. Specifically, it can be implemented as a normally closed solenoid valve. It is used to block the connection between the hydrogen supply pipeline and the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0 during the hydrogen storage phase. The second pressure transmitter B2 is a sensor used to monitor the pressure of the hydrogen supply pipeline in real time. For example, a piezoresistive pressure sensor can convert the pressure signal into an electrical signal for output. The first filter B3 is a device used to intercept solid particles. For example, a metal sintered filter element can filter impurities such as hydrogen storage alloy powder. The first safety valve B4 is a valve that automatically opens to relieve pressure when the pipeline pressure exceeds a set threshold. For example, a spring-loaded safety valve automatically resets after pressure relief. The second mass flowmeter B7 is a device that measures gas mass flow based on thermal or Coriolis force principles. For example, a thermal diffusion flowmeter can be used to precisely control the hydrogen discharge flow rate. The connecting pipeline is an additional channel connected in parallel between the hydrogen discharge pipeline and the first release pipeline. For example, a stainless steel bellows is used. The fourth solenoid valve B5 and the second check valve B6 combine to provide emergency relief and backflow prevention.

[0061] Specifically, after the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0 completes hydrogen storage, the second solenoid valve B1 opens to connect the hydrogen supply pipeline to the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0, and the second pressure transmitter B2 monitors the pipeline pressure in real time. When the hydrogen is discharged, the third solenoid valve B8 and the second ball valve B11 open, and the hydrogen enters the hydrogen discharge pipeline after the first filter B3 removes impurities. The second mass flowmeter B7 and the first flow valve B9 coordinate to adjust the flow rate, and the third pressure transmitter B10 monitors the terminal pressure. If the pipeline pressure rises abnormally, the first safety valve B4 automatically opens to release the pressure to the first relief pipeline. When emergency relief is required, the fourth solenoid valve B5 opens to connect the connecting pipeline, and hydrogen flows into the first relief pipeline in a one-way manner through the second check valve B6. The second ball valve B11 serves as a manual isolation valve, which can cut off the pipeline during maintenance. The third pressure transmitter B10 provides terminal pressure data to determine the system status.

[0062] Compared with existing technologies, existing test platforms usually only have a single hydrogen discharge pipeline and lack an emergency relief mechanism. For example, the comparative documents only control hydrogen discharge through branch valves and flow meters, which cannot cope with sudden overpressure or impurity blockage. This solution forms a three-level discharge channel by connecting the hydrogen discharge pipeline and the first release pipeline in parallel, and realizes graded response in conventional hydrogen discharge, safety pressure relief and emergency release scenarios. The combination of the first filter B3 and the multi-stage valve solves the problem of flow control failure caused by impurities. The data linkage between the second mass flowmeter B7 and the pressure transmitter can dynamically correct the flow valve opening, which significantly improves the flow regulation accuracy compared to the existing technology that only relies on the rough control of the branch valve.

[0063] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves rapid removal of residual hydrogen, active release of pressure anomalies, and effective prevention of impurity blockage during solid-state hydrogen storage charge and discharge testing. The redundant design of the emergency relief line and connecting lines ensures safe release in the event of solenoid valve failure or overpressure, and the second check valve B6 prevents mixing risks caused by gas backflow.

[0064] The present application further proposes that the circulating water assembly C includes a water inlet main line and a water outlet main line connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0, a fifth solenoid valve D1 and a third check valve D2 are provided on the water inlet main line, and a temperature transmitter D8, a second filter and a sixth solenoid valve D3 are provided on the water outlet main line; the water inlet main line is connected to an inlet flow regulating pipeline, and a seventh solenoid valve D5, a second flow valve D6 and a fourth check valve D7 are provided on the inlet flow regulating pipeline; the water outlet main line is connected to an outlet flow regulating pipeline, and an eighth solenoid valve D4 is provided on the outlet flow regulating pipeline.

[0065] The main water inlet line is the main channel for delivering basic circulating water to the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0. This can be achieved using stainless steel piping. The fifth solenoid valve D1 is used to control the main water flow, and the third check valve D2 prevents water backflow. The main water outlet line is the main channel that discharges the water that has completed the heat exchange. The temperature transmitter D8 is used to monitor the outlet water temperature in real time. The second filter can intercept impurities in the pipeline. The sixth solenoid valve D3 regulates the main drainage flow. The inlet flow control line is an auxiliary water channel connected in parallel with the main water inlet line. The seventh solenoid valve D5 and the second flow valve D6 work together to precisely adjust the replenishment water flow, and the fourth check valve D7 ensures unidirectional flow. The outlet flow control line is an auxiliary drainage channel connected in parallel with the outlet water main line. The eighth solenoid valve D4 is used to adjust the drainage speed.

[0066] Specifically, during the hydrogen charging and discharging tests, the main water inlet line delivers basic circulating water to the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0 through the fifth solenoid valve D1 and the third check valve D2, and the main water outlet line uses the temperature transmitter D8 to provide real-time feedback on the water temperature data after heat exchange. When a change in heat exchange demand is detected, the seventh solenoid valve D5 and the second flow valve D6 in the water inlet flow control line are linked to open, changing the total water inlet flow by adjusting the input of supplementary cold / hot water; at the same time, the eighth solenoid valve D4 in the water outlet flow control line adjusts its opening according to the drainage pressure, forming a dynamically balanced closed-loop regulation system. This split water circuit design ensures stable operation of the main circulating water circuit. By setting up a dual-circuit adjustable circulating water system, this solution uses parallel auxiliary water circuits to achieve dynamic flow compensation while maintaining basic heat exchange in the main water circuit, significantly improving the real-time performance and accuracy of temperature control.

[0067] Through the above technical solution, the present application realizes the precise control of the heat exchange efficiency of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0 during the hydrogen charging and discharging test. By real-time monitoring of the water outlet temperature and dynamically adjusting the inlet and outlet water flow rates, it effectively solves the temperature regulation lag problem existing in the traditional indirect heat exchange method, and at the same time prevents the degradation of heat exchange performance caused by impurity blockage.

[0068] The present application further proposes that the circulating water assembly C includes a water inlet main line and a water outlet main line connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0, a fifth solenoid valve D1 and a third check valve D2 are provided on the water inlet main line, and a temperature transmitter D8, a second filter and a sixth solenoid valve D3 are provided on the water outlet main line; the water inlet main line is connected to an inlet flow regulating pipeline, and a seventh solenoid valve D5, a second flow valve D6 and a fourth check valve D7 are provided on the inlet flow regulating pipeline; the water outlet main line is connected to an outlet flow regulating pipeline, and an eighth solenoid valve D4 is provided on the outlet flow regulating pipeline.

[0069] The fifth solenoid valve D1 is an electric valve used to control the flow of the main water inlet line. It can be implemented as a normally closed solenoid valve. It uses electrical signals to control the opening and closing of the water flow channel and is used to regulate the main circulating water flow under normal operating conditions. The third check valve D2 is a one-way valve installed in the main water inlet line to prevent backflow of the medium. It can be implemented as a spring-loaded check valve to prevent reverse flow of circulating water and system pressure fluctuations. The temperature transmitter D8 is a sensor used to monitor the outlet water temperature in real time and convert it into an electrical signal. It can be implemented as a platinum resistance temperature sensor combined with a signal conversion module, providing temperature feedback data for flow control. The second filter is a device installed in the main water outlet line to intercept impurities. It can be implemented as a stainless steel filter structure to prevent pipe blockage and affect heat exchange efficiency. The seventh solenoid valve D5 is an electric valve used to control the flow of the inlet water flow control line. It can be implemented as a normally open solenoid valve. It opens the backup cooling and heating channels when the circulating water volume needs to be increased. The second flow valve D6 regulates the flow rate in the inlet flow control pipeline. Specifically, this can be achieved using an electric regulating valve. By varying the opening, it controls the amount of water replenished to the backup hot and cold water tanks. The fourth check valve D7 is a one-way valve installed in the inlet flow control pipeline. Specifically, it can be implemented using a swing check structure to prevent crosstalk between the backup system and the main circulation water line. The eighth solenoid valve D4 controls the flow rate of the outlet flow control pipeline. Specifically, this can be implemented using a proportional regulating solenoid valve. It maintains system pressure balance by adjusting the drainage rate.

[0070] Specifically, during the process of hydrogen absorption and heat release or hydrogen desorption and heat absorption in the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0, the main circulating water circuit achieves basic heat exchange through the coordinated control of the fifth solenoid valve D1 and the sixth solenoid valve D3. When the temperature transmitter D8 detects that the outlet water temperature exceeds the set threshold, it indicates that the current circulating water flow is insufficient to remove or replenish sufficient heat. At this time, the seventh solenoid valve D5 and the second flow valve D6 of the water inlet flow regulating pipeline are opened synchronously, and the heat exchange medium flow is increased by connecting to the backup cold / hot water tank. The fourth check valve D7 effectively isolates the main and auxiliary water circuits to prevent backflow of the medium. At the same time, the eighth solenoid valve D4 of the water outlet flow regulating pipeline automatically adjusts the opening according to pressure changes to ensure system pressure stability. This dual-path regulation mechanism enables dynamic compensation of heat exchange by quickly switching to the backup cold and heat sources when the hydrogen charging and discharging rates suddenly change, maintaining the operating temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage material within a fluctuation range of ±2°C.

[0071] Compared to existing technologies, traditional test platforms utilize a single circulating water circuit coupled with external cooling and heating equipment for temperature regulation, resulting in delayed response and insufficient regulation accuracy. For example, the heat exchange chamber structure described in the comparative document only indirectly controls the temperature of the hydrogen storage unit through the temperature of the heat exchange medium, making it unable to quickly adapt to heat exchange requirements when the hydrogen charging and discharging rates suddenly change.

[0072] Through the above technical solution, this application effectively solves the problem of temperature runaway caused by sudden heat changes during the solid-state hydrogen storage test. The coordinated work of the main circulation water circuit and the backup regulating pipeline ensures that the cold water flow can be increased in time during the intense hydrogen absorption and heat release stage, and the hot water supply can be quickly replenished during the hydrogen release and heat absorption stage, so that the hydrogen storage alloy is always in the optimal working temperature range. The double check valve design avoids the risk of media mixing in the multi-water source system. The linkage control of the solenoid valve and the flow valve realizes the precise regulation of the heat exchange. The temperature fluctuation during the test process is controlled within the allowable range, ensuring the safety and data accuracy of the hydrogen charging and discharging test.

[0073] The present application further proposes a solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging test method, comprising the following steps: during the hydrogen storage phase, the second solenoid valve B1 is opened and the fourth solenoid valve B5, the third solenoid valve B8 and the ninth solenoid valve are closed, and hydrogen is transported from the hydrogen supply component A to the solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging component B and stored in the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0, while cold water is connected to the water inlet main line for heat exchange; during the hydrogen discharge phase, the second solenoid valve B1, the third solenoid valve B8 and the second ball valve B11 are opened and the first solenoid valve A4, the fourth solenoid valve B5 and the ninth solenoid valve are closed, so that the hydrogen stored in the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0 is transported to the downstream equipment through the hydrogen discharge pipeline, and hot water is connected to the water inlet main line for heat exchange.

[0074] Among them, cold water circulation refers to the direct input of cooling medium to the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0 through the water inlet main line. Specifically, a circulating water pump can be used to drive the water in the external cold water tank to contact the surface of the hydrogen storage unit to achieve rapid removal of the heat of the hydrogen absorption reaction. Hot water circulation refers to the input of heating medium to the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0 through the water inlet main line. Specifically, an electric heating device can be used to heat the circulating water to provide activation energy for the hydrogen release reaction. Closing the fourth solenoid valve B5 means blocking the connection between the emergency relief pipeline and the main circuit. Specifically, a normally closed solenoid valve can be used to keep it closed under non-emergency conditions to prevent abnormal leakage of hydrogen. Closing the ninth solenoid valve means cutting off the connection channel between the return pipeline and the hydrogen supply component A. Specifically, a bistable solenoid valve can be used to keep it in the off state during the hydrogen storage and release stages to ensure physical isolation of the test process.

[0075] Specifically, during hydrogen storage operation, the second solenoid valve B1 opens to form a hydrogen supply channel, the fourth solenoid valve B5 closes to eliminate the emergency release path, and the ninth solenoid valve closes to block the reflux circuit, forming a closed hydrogen storage environment. Cold water flows directly through the outer wall of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0 through the water inlet main line, and the reaction heat generated by the alloy material absorbing hydrogen is removed by forced convection heat exchange. The water after heat exchange returns to the cold water tank through the water outlet main line. During hydrogen release operation, the third solenoid valve B8 and the second ball valve B11 are opened to establish a hydrogen release channel, the first solenoid valve A4 is closed to cut off the hydrogen supply circuit, and hot water continuously heats the hydrogen storage unit through the water inlet main line, accelerating the hydrogen decomposition reaction. When the heat exchange capacity of the circulating water system is insufficient, the seventh solenoid valve D5 and the eighth solenoid valve D4 jointly control the access to the standby hot and cold water tanks, and realize dynamic thermal compensation through the flow regulating pipeline.

[0076] Compared with the existing technology, the existing solution uses indirect heat exchange in the heat exchange chamber, which leads to a delayed thermal response. However, this solution uses direct contact heat exchange between circulating water and the hydrogen storage unit, shortening the heat conduction path. The existing technology does not have a physical isolation mechanism between the emergency release and the main circuit. After testing, the residual hydrogen content in the pipeline can reach 3%-5%. However, this solution reduces the residual hydrogen content in the pipeline to below 0.2% through the coordinated control of the fourth solenoid valve B5 and the ninth solenoid valve. The temperature regulation of the existing technology relies on a single medium circulation, while this solution adds a flow regulation pipeline and a backup hot and cold water tank to control the temperature fluctuation of the system under overload conditions within the range of ±1°C.

[0077] This application further proposes a hydrogen recovery method, the specific method is as follows: after hydrogen storage is completed, open the ninth solenoid valve C8, close the second solenoid valve B1, and transport the hydrogen in the pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging component B back to the buffer tank A3 of the hydrogen supply component A through the reflux component D.

[0078] Among them, the ninth solenoid valve C8 refers to an electric control valve arranged at the entrance of the reflux pipeline, which can be implemented by a normally closed solenoid valve, and is used to open the gas reflux channel after the hydrogen storage stage. The second solenoid valve B1 refers to an electric control valve arranged on the connecting pipeline between the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and the hydrogen supply component, which can be implemented by a normally open solenoid valve, and is used to block the hydrogen supply path during the hydrogen recovery stage. The reflux component D refers to a pipeline system including a pressure reducing valve C7, a fifth check valve C5 and a pressure detection element, which can specifically realize pressure regulation and one-way flow control by connecting a pressure reducing valve and a check valve in series. The buffer tank A3 refers to a gas temporary storage container arranged in the hydrogen supply component, which can specifically adopt a pressure-resistant steel tank structure for receiving and storing recovered hydrogen.

[0079] Specifically, after the hydrogen storage operation is completed, the ninth solenoid valve C8 and the second solenoid valve B1 are switched on and off, establishing a communication path between the internal piping of the solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging assembly B and the reflux assembly D. At this point, the residual hydrogen in the piping, driven by a pressure differential, flows toward the reflux assembly D. After being adjusted to the rated operating pressure range of the buffer tank A3 by the pressure reducing valve C7, it enters the buffer tank A3 through the one-way conduction of the fifth check valve C5. During this process, the fourth pressure transmitter C2 monitors the reflux pipeline pressure in real time to ensure that the gas delivery pressure remains within a safe threshold.

[0080] Compared with existing technologies, existing solid-state hydrogen storage test systems lack a hydrogen recirculation path. After testing, residual hydrogen must be discharged through a venting pipeline, which not only wastes gas but can also lead to excessively high residual gas concentrations in the pipeline, impacting subsequent test accuracy. This solution incorporates a reflux assembly with pressure regulation to direct residual hydrogen back into a buffer tank, eliminating the safety hazards of the venting operation and enabling the recycling of test gas.

[0081] Through the above technical solution, this application can effectively remove residual hydrogen from the pipeline after solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging tests, eliminating its interference with subsequent test results. At the same time, hydrogen recovery reduces the gas consumption of the test system. This solution ensures the safety of the hydrogen recovery process through pressure regulation and unidirectional flow control, avoiding equipment risks caused by gas backflow or overpressure.

[0082] The present application further proposes that during the heat exchange process between the circulating water component and the solid-state hydrogen storage unit, if the heat generated or absorbed by the solid-state hydrogen storage unit during charging and discharging hydrogen is greater than the heat exchange capacity of the circulating water component, a spare cold / hot water tank is connected through a water inlet flow regulating pipeline and discharged through a water outlet flow regulating pipeline.

[0083] Among them, the water inlet flow regulating pipeline refers to a branch pipeline installed in the main water inlet pipeline of the circulating water component, which can be specifically implemented by a combination of the seventh solenoid valve, the second flow valve and the fourth check valve. It is used to increase the supply of cold / hot water by opening the backup pipeline when the main flow of the circulating water system is insufficient. The water outlet flow regulating pipeline refers to a branch pipeline installed in the main water outlet pipeline of the circulating water component. It can be specifically controlled by the eighth solenoid valve. It is used to directional discharge excess heat exchange medium when the total flow of the system exceeds the carrying capacity of the main circuit. The backup cold / hot water tank refers to a liquid storage device independent of the main circulating water system. It can be specifically implemented by a sealed container with a temperature control function. It is used to provide an additional cold source or heat source when the heat exchange demand suddenly changes.

[0084] Specifically, when the heat released by the solid-state hydrogen storage unit during the hydrogen absorption process exceeds the heat exchange capacity of the circulating water main circuit, the temperature transmitter detects an abnormal increase in the outlet water temperature. At this time, the seventh solenoid valve and the second flow valve in the water inlet flow regulating pipeline are opened synchronously, connecting the spare cold water tank with the main circulating water circuit, and increasing the overall heat exchange capacity by increasing the input flow of low-temperature water. At the same time, the eighth solenoid valve of the outlet water flow regulating pipeline is opened, so that the mixed high-temperature water is partially diverted and discharged to maintain the balance of the total flow of the system. This process adjusts the ratio of the cold source replenishment amount to the wastewater discharge amount in real time, so that the operating temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is always within the set threshold range.

[0085] Compared to existing technologies, traditional solutions rely solely on a single circulating water circuit for heat exchange, which can easily lead to temperature runaway when the heat generation rate of the hydrogen storage unit exceeds the design capacity of the heat exchange system. This solution, however, adds independently controllable inlet and outlet water regulation pipes to form a dynamically scalable heat exchange network. This allows for the rapid introduction of external cooling / heating sources when heat imbalances occur, while simultaneously adjusting the total system flow rate, ensuring that heat exchange capacity matches the heat changes of the hydrogen storage unit in real time.

[0086] Through the above technical solution, the present application can compensate for the heat exchange capacity gap of the circulating water system in real time during the charging and discharging process of the solid-state hydrogen storage material, avoiding abnormal temperature fluctuations caused by heat accumulation or insufficient absorption, ensuring that the hydrogen storage unit maintains a stable operating temperature during the hydrogen absorption and release phases, and avoiding the stagnation of the hydrogen absorption and desorption reactions or the decline in efficiency caused by temperature runaway. Through the classified storage of hot and cold media in the spare water tank and the rapid response of the flow control pipeline, the accuracy and stability of temperature control during the hydrogen charging and discharging test are ensured.

[0087] In this document, the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "vertical", and "horizontal" are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the clarity of the technical solution and the convenience of description, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0088] As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion of elements other than the listed elements and may also include additional elements not specifically listed.

[0089] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging test system, characterized in that: include Hydrogen supply component A is used to supply hydrogen to the solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging component B; Solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging component B is used to store the hydrogen delivered by hydrogen supply component A through solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0, and deliver the stored hydrogen to downstream equipment according to the requirements of hydrogen charging and discharging tests; Circulating water component C, used to maintain the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0 during hydrogen charging and discharging tests; The reflux component D is used to transport the hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging component B back to the hydrogen supply component A.

2. The solid-state hydrogen storage charge and discharge test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen supply assembly A includes a hydrogen supply pipeline, one end of which is set as a hydrogen inlet, and the other end of which is connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging assembly B. A buffer tank A3 is provided on the hydrogen supply pipeline; The hydrogen supply pipeline at the front end of the buffer tank A3 is provided with a first pressure transmitter A0, a first ball valve A1 and a nitrogen purge valve A2, and the hydrogen supply pipeline at the rear end of the buffer tank A3 is provided with a first solenoid valve A4, a first mass flowmeter A5, a flow controller A6 and a first check valve A7.

3. The solid-state hydrogen storage charge and discharge test system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flow controller A6 includes a valve body A61 and a valve block A62 arranged at one end of the valve body A61. A connected hydrogen flow channel A63 is provided inside the valve body A61 and the valve block A62. Several porous ceramic parts A64 for flow control are provided in the hydrogen flow channel A63, and sealing parts A65 are provided between the porous ceramic parts A64.

4. The solid-state hydrogen storage charge and discharge test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging assembly B includes a solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0, and a second solenoid valve B1 and a second pressure transmitter B2 are provided on the connecting pipeline between the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0 and the hydrogen supply assembly A; The gas outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0 is provided with a first filter B3, which is connected to a hydrogen discharge pipeline and a first discharge pipeline arranged in parallel. A first safety valve B4 is provided on the first discharge pipeline. A second mass flow meter B7, a third solenoid valve B8, a first flow valve B9, a third pressure transmitter B10 and a second ball valve B11 are provided on the hydrogen discharge pipeline. The hydrogen discharge pipeline and the first discharge pipeline are provided with a connecting pipeline for emergency discharge, and a fourth solenoid valve B5 and a second check valve B6 are provided on the connecting pipeline.

5. The solid-state hydrogen storage charge and discharge test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circulating water assembly C includes a water inlet main line and a water outlet main line connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0, a fifth solenoid valve D1 and a third check valve D2 are provided on the water inlet main line, and a temperature transmitter D8, a second filter D5 and a sixth solenoid valve D3 are provided on the water outlet main line; The main water inlet line is connected to the water inlet flow regulating line, on which a seventh solenoid valve D5, a second flow valve D6 and a fourth check valve D7 are provided; the main water outlet line is connected to the water outlet flow regulating line, on which an eighth solenoid valve D4 is provided.

6. The solid-state hydrogen storage charge and discharge test system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reflux assembly D includes a reflux pipeline connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging assembly B. A ninth solenoid valve C8, a pressure reducing valve C7, a pressure gauge C6, a fifth check valve C5, and a fourth pressure transmitter C2 are provided on the reflux pipeline. The outlet end of the reflux pipeline is connected to the second release pipeline and the buffer tank A3, respectively. The second relief pipeline is provided with a second safety valve C1, the buffer tank A3 is provided with a relief port, a sixth check valve A31 and a third ball valve A32 are provided at the relief port; the connecting pipeline between the return pipeline and the second relief pipeline is provided with a tenth solenoid valve C3 and a seventh check valve C4.

7. A solid-state hydrogen storage charge and discharge test method, comprising a solid-state hydrogen storage charge and discharge test system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Hydrogen Storage The second solenoid valve B1 is opened, and the fourth solenoid valve B5, the third solenoid valve B8, and the ninth solenoid valve C8 are closed. Hydrogen is transported from the hydrogen supply assembly A to the solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging assembly B and stored in the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0. During the storage of hydrogen, cold water is connected to the water inlet main line, and after completing heat exchange with the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0, the water is discharged from the water outlet main line; S2. Hydrogen release Open the second solenoid valve B1, the third solenoid valve B8 and the second ball valve B11, and close the first solenoid valve A4, the fourth solenoid valve B5 and the ninth solenoid valve C8. The hydrogen stored in the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0 is transported to the downstream equipment through the hydrogen discharge pipeline. During the hydrogen transportation process, the water inlet main line is connected to hot water, and after completing the heat exchange with the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0, it is discharged through the water outlet main line.

8. The solid-state hydrogen storage charge and discharge test method according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes hydrogen recovery, the specific method of which is as follows: After hydrogen storage is completed, the ninth solenoid valve C8 is opened and the second solenoid valve B1 is closed to transport the hydrogen in the pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage charging and discharging component B back to the buffer tank A3 of the hydrogen supply component A through the reflux component D.

9. The solid-state hydrogen storage charge and discharge test method according to claim 7, characterized in that: During the heat exchange process between the circulating water component C and the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0, if the heat generated or absorbed by the solid-state hydrogen storage unit B0 during charging and discharging of hydrogen is greater than the heat exchange capacity of the circulating water component C, the water is connected to the spare cold / hot water tank through the water inlet flow regulating pipeline and discharged through the water outlet flow regulating pipeline.

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